Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn Sojnm
KET QUA NGHEN CQU DAO TAO SAU DAI HOC
THANH P H A N G I O N G LOAI KY SINH TRUNG KY SINH TREN HAU THAI BINH Dl/ONG {Crassostrea gigas) NUOI TAI QUANG NINH
SPECIES COMPOSITION OF PARASITES IN PACIFIC OYSTER (Crassostrea gigas) CULTURED IN QUANG NINH
Tr&n Thi Nguy ft Minh', DS Th'iHW Ngaynhanbai 02 8 2012, Ngayphan bien thong qua. 28/02/2013;Ngay duyet dang 10/9/2013
T O M T A T
Nghien ciru tien hanh trong thai gian tir thdng 5/2010 den thdng 6/2011 tren 116 mdu hdu Thdi Binh Ditang (Crassostrea gigas) thu tgi Van Ddn - Qudng Ninh Tat cd mdu hdu con sdng duac quan sdt cdc tieu bdn ep mo hrai dinji kinh hien vi, phet mo nhuom Hematoxylin, nuoi cdy bdo tic trong moi trucmg FTM (Fluid Thloglycolate Medium) am&
mang vd mo mdng do hdu. co dfnh mdu trong dung dich Davidson cho phuang phdp mo benh hoc. Ket qud cho thay hm Thdi Binh Duang nhiem 2 lodi ky sinh trung ngi ky sinh do Id ken hap tu cua Nematopsis sp (ty 14 nhiem 48.42%; cuangSf nhiem trung binh: 13,43 nang ken/mo mang (Icm^) vd 1,89 nang ken/mo mdng do (Icn^) vd Perkinsus sp ky sinh among vd mdng do vdt chd (ty le nhiem- 13,15% vd cuong do 16.46 ± 0.49 bdo tw/mo (25mm')). Ngodi ra, co 2 lodi sinh vat ban do la sun Balanus sp ky sinh a vo ngodi cua hdu (ty le nhiem 28.75%; cuong do nhiem 2-19 tritng/con) vd giun nhiea ta Polydora ky sinh vo trong vd ngodi cua hdu (ty le nhiem 12,12%, cuong do 1- 4 triing/con) Kit qua nghien cuu dd gop phdn bo sung dU li^u khoa hpe ve ky sinh trimg a dgng vq,t thdn mem nuoi 6 Qudng Ninh, Viet Nam.
Tii khoa: ky sinh triing, Hdu Thdi Binh Duang, Crassostrea gigas ABSTRACT
The study was conducted an 116 Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) samples at Van Don district - Quang Wxk province from May 2010 lo June 2011. Tissue from alive oysters was observed under microscope and smeared for sbm Hematoxylin, gill and mantle oysters were incubated In FTM medium and tissue was fixed in Davidson soludonfor histopathology. The result shows that they were infected by two endoparasites: 1. Nematopsis sp in gill tissue (prevcdettA 48,42%; sensetive infection 13,43 oocyst/gill tissue (1cm') and m mantle tissue (prevalence 13,15%; sensetive infection:
1.89 oocyst/mantle tissue (1cm'); 2 Perkinsus sp in gill and mantle oyster (prevalence 13.15% and sensetive infection 16.46 ± 0.49 spores /tissue (25mm')). In addtition, there are two species of ectoparasites. Balanus sp and Polydora^
(prevalence 12,12%; sensetive infection 1-4 organism/oyster shells. The research result has supplied more scient^ data on parasites m mollusc farming in Quang Ninh Province. Vietnam.
Key words: parasite, pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas
I. CAT V A N D £ nay hau TBD da tra thanh ddi tugng nudi pho ^ Hlu Thai Binh Duong (Crassostrea gigas d cdc tinh ven biln. Trong do, Quang Ninh la mC*
Thunberg, 1793) la ddi tugng nudi cd gia tri kinh t l trong nhung tinh di dau v l nudi hlu d Vigt Nam.
vd gia tri dinh dudng eao. Sdn lugng hlu tren the Tfnh den cudi nam 2009, Quang Ninh cd khodng gidi ngay cang tang, nam 2003 san tugng hau dat 500 ha nufli h l u , tap tmng nhit d huyen Van Btn, 4,38 triflu tan va duge nufli 6' 64 nude tren cac chau ndng suit dat 2.500 - 3.500 kg/be/100m= [1].
lyc (FAO. 2003). & Vigt Nam. hau Thai Binh Duang Bdn canh nhung thanh cdng da dat dugc ttil (TBD) tan dau tien dugc nhgp vdo nam 2002. Den hien nay bdnh ky sinh triing thudng xuyen xay rai*
' Tran Thi Nguyet Minti. Cao hgc Nuoi frong ttiuy san 2009 • Tnrdng Bgi hpe Nha Trang ' PGS.TS. Do Thi Hoa: Vien Nuoi trong thuy san - Trudng Dgi hgc Nha Trang
100 • TRLfONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 3/2013
ihu-ng viing nudi hau trpng diem, id nguyen nhdndm giam san lugng hau nufli thuang pham. Trong
!d. cd nhieu bgnh da xult hien trong danh sdch ludn ly ciia OIE (Td ehue Sue khde dflng vdt the Jidi) va duge thdng bdo tren toan the gidi. Trong khi 3d. din nay Vigt Nam van chua cd tai lieu nao cdng ad ve benh d h l u va ddc biet ta nghidn euu ve ky 3inh tmng trdn hau. Do dd, nghien cdu thanh phin gidng toai ky sinh tnjng d hau TBD dugc tiln hanh 3e ed ca sd du' lieu khoa hpe.
tt. D6t TU'O'NG, VAT LlEU VA PHU'ONG P H A P NGHIEN CLfU
Hau TBD Crassostrea gigas dugc thu tai Van Don - Quang Ninh. thdi gian thu mau tir thang 5 din thang 12 nam 2010, sd lugng m l u thu tgi cac hfl nufii la 116 m i u . Mpt sd phuang phap nghien euu bflnh ddng vdt thiiy san thdng thudng dugc sit dyng d l nghien ciru thanh phan gidng loai ky sinh tnJng:
Phuang phdp kiem tra ky sinh triing d cae tidu bdn dp mfl h l u duo-i kfnh hiln vi, dugc tiln hdnh nhu sau: diing keo eat mieng mfi mang (lem^) hoge md mdng ao (Icm^) hau va dp miing mfi gitra 2 lam kInh, sau dd soi tuai phdt hign k^ sinh trting tren kfnh hiln vi quang hpe d cac dfi phdng dai khdc nhau (10X, 40X, 100X). Ngodi ra, phuang phdp lam tieu ban phet mfl ciia hau va nhupm Hematoxylin cung duoc tien hanh dong thdi.
Phuang phdp nudi cay bdo tir tren mdi tnj'dng FTM (Fluid Thioglyeotate Medium) ciia Ray (1966) dugc sir dung de xac djnh sy t i n tgi eac bao tu Perkinsus sp k^' sinh trong mfi hau Cy the, phuang phdp nufii eay duge thye hidn bdng each lay mdt miing mfi mang. mang ao kieh thude 5'5mm, nufli cay d dilu kidn tdi trong mdi trudng FTM cd bd sung khdng sinh (500 lU Penicillin G vd Streptomycin/ml mfli trudng) va thudc khang sinh nam 50pl Myeostatin/dng 9,5mt mfii trudng). Mieng mfi sau
Bang 1. Kich thudc cac
khi nudi cay 5 - 7 ngay dugc dgt ten lam kinh vd nhupm lugol's iodine de quan sdt bdo tir nghi.
Cudng dfl cam nhidm cOa ky sinh triing Perkinsus sp d mfil mau hlu dya tren s l bdo tir nghi cd dgng hinh d u quan sat dugc trong mieng mfi nudi cdy.
Phuang phap md benh hoc eua Dorothy W.Howard, D.W. va cpng sy (1983) dugc thgc hign nham phat hien k^ sinh triing ky sinh d md ciia eae td chirc ca quan nhu; mang, mdng ao, tuyen tieu hda, tuyen sinh due va ehan.
Trong nghien cuu ndy, ky sinh trting dan bao npi ky sinh Perkinsus duge dinh danh dua tren sy quan sat bdo tip sau khi nudi ciy trong mdi tnjdng ehpn lpc FTM Ngodi ra, eae loai ky sinh triing khae cung dugc dinh danh dya vao hinh dang md ta trong cae tai lieu nhuyln t h i . Cdc tai lieu dugc su dyng de dinh danh ky sinh triing trong nghien ciru gdm:
- Ma Leopoldina Aguirre - Macedo et al, 2001.
Parasite Survey of the Eastern Oyster Jorge Caceres-Martinez vd CTV, 2010.
Parassites ofthe Pleasure Oyster
- Gregona Erazo-Pagador, 2010. A parasitologieal survey of slipper-cupped oysters
III. K^T QuA NGHIEN CO'U VA T H A O L U A N 1. s d mau va thd'i gian thu m l u hau dimg cho nghien cihi
M l u hau TBD (C.gigas) phue vy cho nghien cuu dugc thu ngdu nhidn tgi edc hfl nufli hlu d Van Don - Quang Nmh. Hlu duge thu tgi eac thdi diem khac nhau: thang 5 (miia he nang ndng), thang 9 (miia thu mat me) va thang 12 (miia dong lanh) nhdm xac djnh su bien ddng thanh phdn gidng loai hogc mue dp cam nhidm cda ky smh triing theo miia trong nam. Ket qua bdng 1 eho thiy, kfeh ed hau thu dugc d ea 3 dgt kha ddng deu, deu la nhu'ng ca the hlu da trudng thdnh, dugc nufii theo hinh thire treo ddy hay nufii long tren be...
m l u hau da thu tgi Van £)dn TT
1
2
3
Bqrt Ihu m i u
27/6/2010(n= 36)
20/9/2010 (n=40)
25/12/2010 (n=40)
M6i tnpA'ng nuoi
T: sca'c S: 30,3%.
T: 30,3"C S: 30,5*0 T: 19.5"C S- 33,2!l.
Kich cc, h l u (cm) Dai
4,75 ± 0,63
4,82 ± 0.62
5,25 ±1,06
Cao
8,38 ± 0,79
8,96 ±1,19
9,29 ±1,51
Rong
3,26 ± 0,66
3,36 ± 0,59
3,37 ± 0,65
TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG • 101
Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 3/201 i
2. Thanh phan ky sinh triing ky sinh d- hau TBD nuoi d- Vdn Bon
K i t qua phan tieh da phat hign 4 gilng loai ky' sinh tnJng ky sinh d h l u TBD. Trong dd, hai loai o' trong mfl eiia cae td chirc ca quan (Nematopsis sp vd Perkinsus sp), mgt lodi bat ggp d mgt ngodi va mat trang ciia v6 dd vfli (Polydora sp) va mdt loai bam d mgt ngoai eua vd da vdi (Balanus sp). Muc dp nhiem vd ca quan kJ sinh eua cdc giing lodi ky sinh tmng da phat hidn tren hau dugc trinh bdy d bang 2.
Bang 2. Thanh phan k]^ sinh trung da phat hign d u g c ir h l u TBD nudi tgi Van Ddn - Quang Ninh nam 2010
TT 1 2 3 4
Th^nh phan \oA\
Nematopsis sp (n=116) Perkinsus sp (n=l16) Sa/arjussp(n=116) Po/ydora sp(n=116)
Ty le nhilm (%)
48,42 13.15 28.75 12,12
Cu'6'ng i]$ nhilm 15,43 bt/md mang (Icm^) 1.89 bt/md mdng do (lem^) 6.46 ± 0.49 bt/md (25mm2) 2-19(Taing/cdthl)
1-4(Tning/cathl)
Co- quan ki smh
Mang, mang ao Mang, mdng do Vo ngoai Vd ngoai, vo trong T li s6 miu: tiV tiio ta
3. Ky sinh trimg dom bao Nematopsis sp k]^ sinh o* hau TBD tgi Van Odn 3.1. Mij-c dl? cSm nhiem (TLCN va CDCN) nang ken bao tu- Nematopsis sp
Bang phuang phap kiem tra eac tieu ban ep tuoi dudi kinh hien vi, da phat hign md o* mang va mang ao hlu TBD nhilm nang kdn chira cac ken hgp tir Nematopsis vdi tJ tg va eud'ng dfl nhidm thay ddi theo cac S<fi thu mau, tdng din tir dat thu mdu vao thang 5/2010 d i n dgt thu mlu vdo thdng 12/2010
Bang 3. Ty Ig vd cuong dp nhiem nang ken bao t u Nematopsis trdn h l u TBD d- Van Odn - Quang Ninh TT
1
2
3
Thing thu mlu
5 (n=36)
9 (n=40)
12(n=40) T6ng s6 mSu
N=116
TLCN (%)
25,26
32,60
87,39
48,42 Co quan
Mang Mang ao Mang Mang ao Mang Mang ao Mang Mang ao
CDCN (nang I(6n/m6 (1cm Nh6 n h i t
5 1 7 1 4 1 4 1
L6n n h l l 26
3
59 J 9
74 7 74 9
»
Trung binh 6,58 1,33 11,68 2,09 28,03 2,25 15,43 1,89 COKS.- or quan kf smh; TLCN. Ty »# cam nhiSm; CDCN. Cuong dQ cam nhiSmBdng 3 cho thay, ty Ig cam nhidm va eudng dfl cdm nhilm cua Nematopsis a hau thap nhit vao thang 5 khi nhigt dfl cao (30,8''C) vd cao nhat vao thang 12 khi nhidt dg thap (19,5''C). Ket qua ndy phii hgp vdi nghien ciru ciia Tuntlwaranuruk va cs (2008) v l vgm xanh (Pema viridis) nudi tgi Thai Lan. ty Ig nhilm ken hgp tip Nematopsis tang cao ttr thdng 11 ndm 2003 den thdng 6 nam 2004 (khi nhigt dg tang cao tir 27^0 - 32.5''C) va tJ le thap tir thdng 7 den thdng 12 nam 2004 (khi nhiet dfl giam dan tir 32°C - 27^0) [15]. Tuy nhidn. d l lam rd mdi quan he giira nhigt dfi vd t^^ ig nhidm ken hgp tu- Nematopsis d hau TBD nufli rat eIn phai cd nhirng nghien ciru trong nhieu nam vol sd m l u phan tich nhieu hon.
Kit qua bdng 3 cung cho tiily eudng dp nhidm tmng binh cua kdn hgp tir Nematopsis tren md mang
eiia hau d cdc thdng diu cao hon so vdi cudng dp nhilm tren md mdng do. Theo nghien ciru cOaAzevedo va Caehoia (1992), Nematopsis eung dugc tim Ihly trdn 2 lodi: sd (Ceras(odem)eedt//e)vd ngao (Ruditapes decussates), cdc ken hgp tir eua Nematopsis ky ar*i d cde md hen kit khip ca t h i nhung bit ggp ntn^
d md mang cda v^t chii [5]. Theo kit qua ciia Isalti P.Padovan va CTV (2003). Nematopsis cung S^
phdt hign trdn md mdng do ngao (Solen vagina) vS tren mflt sd lodi hai mdnh vd khdc d Phap [10].
3.2. D$c diim v4 hinh d^ng, kich thuvc cua ken fi(ip to-Nematopsis & hSiu TBD
Nang kdn hgp tir cua Nematopsis sp ed dpng hinh cau, kich thudc cua nang kdn: 57,65 ± 13.66 (pm) thay ddi phy thuflc phy thuflc vao sd lugng <*
ken hgp tir cd trong nang ken hgp tu (hinh 1; 2; 3).
102 • TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
rap chi Khoa hoc - Cone, nghe Thuy san So 3/2013
ITnh k O P P
{mau ep mo tuoi l u mang, mang ao. soi tirm klinn;; nhuom)
I jre/i md mang cua hAu f^OOX) thinh 8) Co 6 kia (Oc) nim Bang I lumg kta IPha) Ciu i^ aia cac ten gAn Ihanh lien (Ifa),
^
Hinh 2. Ken hgp tv Nematopsis sp trSn tieu ban phet mang, mang ao Ii C.gigas (nhuom Hematoxylin)
gaocuahdua<XIX.SHOOX) IhmhB) Tung dam aang ciia ken hap n, tu mo mwig cua hiu (IBOX t'a
ban mo mang hau TBD (C.gigas). Nhu6m H & E
Bang 4. Kich thud-c cua ken hgp tip Nematopsis ky sinh tren mang, mang ao ciia hau TBD Ken hor
Chieu dai 17.37 ±1,05
tLF (lim) Chiiu rgng 13.27 ±0,81
Nang k^n \\<fp lip (Mm) 57.65 ±13,66
So ken h9>p tv/nang k^n
1-13 So I4u ttd tii4n trong bing tr§n li gii tq bung binti ± SD
So sdnh kieh thudc Nematopsis sp ky sinh tren cac loai nhuyln t h i hai manh vd khae va kieh thudc hlu d bang 4 cho thay, thiy kieh thude ken Nematopsis sp tren hau TBD nudi tgi Van Ddn tdn han so vdi loai Wematops/s ky sinh tren Paphia undulate [Kdn (chilu ddi: 11,2 ±0,6 pm; chieu rflng: 8,6 ± 0,5 pm); Nang kdn.
23,2 ± 5,7 pm] v^ nhd han so vdi loai Nematopsis ky sinh tren Pema vindis [(Ken (ehieu dai: 17,6± 0,7 pm, chieu rgng: 12,7 ± 0,4 |jm); Nang ken: 60,0 ± 9,9 pm [14].
Theo Sabry vd cfing sy (2007), nghidn ciru md hoc tren h l u (Crassostrea rizophorae) khi nhidm Nematopsis spp khfing cd d i u hieu md vd edc ca quan bj hu hai, chid nhu'ng con nhiem vdi euo-ng dfi eao mdi Ihay cd sy tgp trung cOa eac te bao mau do phan ung eiJa vat ehii vdi ky sinh triing [12]. K i t qua nghien ciru tren lau TBD nufil tgi Vdn Don, cac mau hlu van khde mgnh, khdng bdc Ifl dau hidu benh ly dil bl nhiem cae nang ken Nematopsis vdi ty 1$ cao 87,39% vd cd nhirng con nhidm tdi 74 nang ken/md mang (1cm^) d dgt thu mau /do thdng 12/2010.
TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG • 103
Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn 863/^3^ ! ! I
4. Ky sinh trimg dom bao Perkinsus sp ky sinh d-h l u TBD nudi tai Van Don 4 1 Tyle va cuong dg nhi§m Perkinsus sp
Kit qua phan tieh d bang 5 eho thay, ty tg vd cudng dfl nhiem trdn hau TBD nufli tgi Vdn Don cao nhat d thang 5 (19,44%, 9,14 bt/mfl (25mm2), thap d thang 9 (12,5%; 6,11 bt/md (25mm^) va thang 12 (7,5%; 6,80 bt/md (25mm^). Tuy nhien, theo phuang phap danh gia muc dfl cam nhiem eiia Ray (1966) cudng do cdm nhiem cua mdi dgt thu miu diu duge xem la r i t nhg (6 -10 bao tir/md (25mm2). Nhu vdy, vao miia hd cd nhigt dp cao (thang 5. 30,8°C) thi ty Ig va eudng dfl nhiem Perkinsus sp eao han so vdi miia dflng ed nhigt dfl thip (thdng 12:19,5<<;).
Bang 5. Ty Id va c u o ^ g do nhiem Perkinsus cua hau tai Vdn Ddn - Quang Ninh TT
1 2 3
Thing thu m i l 5(n=36) 9(n=40) 12(n=40) Tong (N=116)
TLCN (%) 19,44 12,50 7,50 13,15
COCNTB (bao to/ma (25mm') 9,14 ±2,61 6,80 ±1,78 6,11 ±1,54 6,46 ± 0,49 n. 50 m l u OIU. TLCN. Ty 16 dm nhi&n, CBCNTB' Cudng d$
ntiiSm Ining binh
Theo k i t qud nghien ciru ciia M.Gullian Ktanlan va cpng sy (2008) eho thiy, ty le nhiem Perkinsus marinus tren hau Crassostrea virginica ir Vjnh Mexico cfl sy thay ddi theo cae miia trong ndm, vdo mtia cd nhiflt dfl cao thi ty Ifl nhilm Perkinsus cao vd nguge lai. Ty Ig nhilm Perkinsus dgt 70% vao mua khd (thang 2 - thdng 3), 23% vdo miia mua (thdng 6 - thang 9) vd 7% vao miia ddng (thang 10-thdng 1) [9]. Cung theo nghidn ciru cua Chu vd cs (1994), nhidt do la y l u td cao nhat quylt djnh din mirc dd nhgy cam eua Perkinsus tren hau Crassostrea virginica [6]. Ngoai ra. theo Craig vd cs (1989), quan sat trdn 49 dilm nudi hau nhiem Perkinsus tir Flonda den Tay Nam Texas thiy
ring, nai cd ty Id vd eud'ng dd nhidm eao td noicd nhidt dg cao [7]- f^hu vgy, ty le vd cudng do nhiini Perkinsus tren hau TBD thu vao thang cd nhiet aj eao (30,8°C) cao han so vo-i hau thu dugc d thaw CO nhigt dfl thap han (19,5''C).
Theo nghien cuu ci^a Ragone vd cflng si;
(1993) eho thiy do mgn cung cd anh hudng tdnaSn Perkinsus, dp man >12 - 15%o id dieu kign thich hgp cho sy phdt triln Perkinsus tren vgt ehu [11]. Ket qui nghidn ciru Eugene M.Burreson va cpng sg (1994) eho thay dfl man eao td nguyen nhdn ldm cho tyl|
va cudng dp nhiim Perkinsus tren hlu C.vir^tsca a Vjnh Mexico cao [8]. Dp man d ea 3 dgt thu miu trong nghien ciru cua chimg tdi diu >30°C. do vay anh hudng ciia dp mgn len muc dp nhiem Perkinsus a hau TBD nudi tai Quang Ninh khflng rd rang. Tuy nhien, d n phai thye hign thu m i u hang thang va iiet hgp theo ddi cdc y l u td mdi tnrdng trong tiidi gian dai han de ed the ndm dugc quy ludt biln dgng vi ty le vd cirdng dp nhiem Perkinsus tren hau TBD.
4.2. D$c diim cua biio tO'Petldnsus sp sau khi nu6i ciy trong moi truang FTM
Bdo tir nghi eiia Perkinsus sp ky sinh tren mo mang, mdng do cua h l u sau khi nufli ely tiong mn trufl-ng Fluid Thloglycolate Medium (FTM) tir 5 - 7 ngdy, cd dgng hinh eau va bat mau xanh den vdi thudc nhuflm lugol (hinh 4), kich thude dufl'ng kinh trung binh eiia bao tir: 33,91 ± 15.55pm (Idn nhat 57pm va nhd nhit: 17 pm) nhd han khi so sdnh voi kich thirdc bao tu nghi cda Perkinsus d hau ChSu Au (97 ± 1,99 pm) sau 1 tuan nufii ely trong FTM, va x l p xi kieh thuo-c ciia bao tu Perkinsus ky sinh d nghdu lya (Paphia undulata) nufli tgi Vidt Nam (35pm) [13], [3]. Mac dti vgy v i n khfing the dya vao kich thudc eua bao tir Perkinsus sau nufli cay de phdn loai dugc den lodi ky sinh trting ndy, vi kich thude ciia bao tir sau nudi eay d mfii trudng FTM bj anh huo'ng r i t nhieu vdo mfl vdt ehii vd flieu kien nudi cay [13].
g Pertdnsiu ky sinh a mo mang vi mang ai ..w ^-,.g .« ^Jng 30 cua hlu {Ogigas) nuAi dy trong m&i trirotig FTM
ugol aOOXj. hiiA C Bao m Perbnsui sp khong nhipm lugol (490X1 Giai doan hmh ihanh nang day
104 • TRLTONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
ap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 3/2013
. Cac sinh v|t bam tren vo hau TBD {C.gigas) nuoi t^i Van Don, Quang Ninh
Ket qud kiem tra cdc m l u hlu Thai Binh Duang nufii d Qudng Ninh thu trong nam 2010. phdt hign duge 2 )ai sinh vat bam tren va mgt tnang ciia vd. Trong do. sun (Balanus sp) da earn nhidm fren mgt ngoai ciia vd va liun nhieu to {Polydora sp) cam nhilm tir ben mat ngodi ciia vd nhung lai xuyen vao mat trong ciia vd. Ty Id va udng dp nhilm sinh vat vdt bam dugc the hifln d bang 6.
Bang 6. Ty Ig va cuvng dp nhilm sinh vgt bam tren hau TBD nudi a Quang Ninh
TT 1 2 3
Th&i gian thu mlu 27/5/2010 Cn = 36;
20/9/2010 fn = 40;
25/12/2010 fn = 40;
Tong (N=116)
Nhiem Sun Balanus sp TLCN(%)
33,68 25,11 27,47 28,75
CDCN (thing/con) 2 - 1 9 2 - 7 2 - 7 2 - 1 9
Nhiim Polydora sp TLCN 1%)
13,68 12,33 10,36 12,12
CBCN (thing/eon) 1 - 4 1-3 1 - 4 1 - 4 n. s6 miu ttau, TLCN-ty 1^ cim nlii§m, CDCN cwkig ^^ cim ntii§m
5.1. Sun Banlanus sp bam tren vo hiu Thai Binh DiKrng
Balanus sp bdm trdn vo hau TBD nuoi tgi Van Ddn, ed kieh thudc dudng kinh vd khoang 10-20mm. chilu ::ao mgt vo 4 - 9mm. Sun Balanus hinh ndn eyt. mau ndu tim. cd 6 mat. Ld mieng rflng, hinh ovan, hinh da giae.
(ich thudc thudng bang 1/2 kieh thude vd. Phin dinh vd cd nhilu mau sac khdc nhau ttr mdu hong din mau :im den (hinh 5).
Hinh S. Sun Balanus sp ih Ducmg (Cgifim) 5.2. Giun nhiiu to Polydora sp bam tr4n v6 hau
Polydora bam trdn be mat ngodi ciia vd h l u va cd t h i xdm nhap vao ldp trong vd qua mdp vd gitra vo. Sau khi khoan thiing vd hau chiing dao qua Idp sung cirng ben ngoai va xuydn qua ldp vo xa cir. Kit qud la hinh tiianh cde ndt phing rflp d b l mat trong ciia vfl va duac bao phti bdi ehat tiet eiia ldp xd ctr ciia vat chti (hinh 6 A).
Khi phd vd cac ndt phdng rpp d mat trong. chting tdi thiy Polydora cu tnJ d trong (hinh 6 B).
Hinh 6 (Jiiin nhiju lo Piilydiiru sp tr6n hau a mat Iron); MJ h^u. (Bl: Poiydori K i t qud phdn tich d bang 6 eho thay, ty Ig cam nhiem sun Balanus 6116 m l u hlu khfing cao (25,11 - 33,68%) vd it thay ddi nhilu theo miia vu, tuy nhien d dgt thu m i u cd nhigt dfi cao (thdng 5/2010) ty Ig vd cudng dp cdm nhilm ciia sun {Balanus sp) cao han 2 dgt thu m i u cdn tgi: 33,68% va cd ea the nhiem tdi 19 taing /hau. Khi kilm tra eac loai sinh vdt bdm tren tral ngpc nufil d Nhdt Ban, Balanus sp
t jjijfus) a Q u a n g Ninh. (A): Not phong r^p a trong lop phong rQp (mui ten)
xult hidn bam o- trai ngpc nudi quanh nam nhung thudng xult hidn nhieu ttr thang 5 - thang 11 [4].
(y cac thdng thu miu hau Thai Binh Duang tgi Quang Ninh eung deu b i t gap giun Polydora frdn hau. Ty le va cudng dfl nhiem Polydora sp tren hlu tuy ed khde nhau chut it giira cae dot thu m i u nhung chdnh Igeh khflng Idn. Theo nghien ciru eua Thao va Choi (2006), v l hign tugng nhidm
TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG • 105
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn Sdjmii
Polydora sp frdn sd Iflng (Scarphaca subcrenata) Bon loai ky sinh frdng dugc phdt hidn trbid Han Qudc eho thiy. giun nhieu ta Polydora hlu Thdi Binh Duang (G.g/gas) nufii tgi Vdn B6n.
sp thudng xuat hign d trdn va frong Idp vd sd Quang Ninh cdty le va eudng dfi nhilm khflng cao vdi cudng do nhiem cao vdo thang 11 (63,3%; va cdc lodi nay hlu nhu chua bpe tfl dau hidu benh t": 15 - 18''C; S%o. >30%<.) vd thap han vao thdng 8 ly d hlu nudi
(34,2%; t°: 26,4''C; S%o. <30%o) [2]. TJ tg vd cudng do nhilm eOa 2 toai kJ sinh trimg ngi ky sinh la Nematop^s sp va Perkinsus sp trdn hau IV. K £ T LUAN vA KI^N NGHj Thai Binh Duang nudi tai Vdn Don - Quang Nmh oi
, sy khac nhau khi ttiu mau d edc thdi gian khdc nhau.
1.Ketlu$n
Cd 2 loai ky sinh tnJng dan bao nfll ky sinh d 2. K i l n nghj
hau TBD (C.gigas) nufli tgi Vdn Ddn - Quang Ninh c i n danh gid mdi quan hfl giua yeu t l moi da dugc phat hien. do la: ken hgp tu Nematopsis sp tnrdng, thdi tiet vd khi hdu vdi muc dfi cam nhiSm va Perkinsus sp ky sinh d mang va mdng ao eiia vgt eua ky sinh trting d hau nufli nham xae d|nh 6\KJC chti. Ngodi ra, ed 2 loai sinh vdt bam id sun Balanus thdi diem ma hau cdm nhiem d mirc dfl cao vdi cac sp va giun nhilu ta Polydora sp bdm d hau Thai loai ky sinh trting, nhdm dua ra cac gidi phdp ph6ng Binh Duang. benh hidu qua.
TAI L i f u THAM KHAO ning Vift
1. So Nong nghidp va Phat tnSn Nong thon Quang Ninh, 2009. Bao cao tdng kSt kit qua Nuoi tr6ng thuy s4n nam 2009 2. Ngo Th( Thu Thao va Kwang - Sik Choi, 2006. Khao sat hien bxqn% nhiem giun nhi6u to (Polydora sp.) d s6 long (Scarphaca
subcrenata). T^ip chi Nghien cuu Khoa hgc 2006: 62 - 69, Trudng Dai hpe Cin Tho.
3 Ngo Thi Thu Thao, 2008 Mgt s6 dac diSm ciia ky sinh trung Perkinsus sp lay nhiem tren ngheu lua Paphia undulaia it Kien Giang va B^ Rja - Viing Tiiu. T^ip chi khoa hgc 2008 (1) 222 - 230, Trudng Dai hpe Ciln Tho.
Tieng Anh
4 Alagarswami, K , and Cheltam, A , 1974 On fouling and boring organisms and mortahty of pear oyster in the fann al Veppalodai fiilf of Mannar.
5 Azevedo and Cachola, 1992. Fine structure of the apicomplexa oocyst nematopsis sp, two manne bivalve mollusks. Dis.
Aquat. Org, Vol 14.69-73.
6 Chu. F.L, Volety, A.K and Constantin, G., 1994 Synergetic effects of temperahire & salinity on the responses of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) to the pathogen, Perkinsus marinus. J. Shellfish Res (13): 293
7 Craig, A., Powell, E.N , Fay, R.R„ Brooks, J M., 1989. Distribution of Perkinsus marinus in Gulf coast oyster population.
Estuanes (12): 82-91
8 Eugene M Buireson, Raul Sima Alvarez, 'Victor Vidal Martinez, Leopoldina Aguirre Macedo, 1994. Perkinsus mamas (Apicomplexa) as a potential soiuce of oyster Crassostrea virginica mortality m coastal lagoons of Tabasco Mexico. Disease of aquatic organisms Vol.(20): 77-82.
9 Gullian-Klanian, M , Herrera-Silveira, J.A., Rodriguez-Canul, R., Aguirre-Macedo, L , 2008. Factors associated with the pTtvalence ot Perkinsus marinus in Crassostrea virginica from the southern Gulf of Mexico. Disease of aquatic organisms 237-247.
10. Isairas P.Padovan, Luciana A. Tavares, Laura Corral, Paulo A Padovan and Carlos Azevedo, 2003 Fine structure of the oocyst oF Nematopsis myiella (Apicomplexa, Porospondae). A Parasite of the Mussel Mytella falcate and of the Oyslei Crassostrea rizophorae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from the Northeastern Atlantic Coast of Brazil.
11, Ragone, L.M. and Burrenson, E.M., 1993. Effect of saluuty on infection progression and pathogenicity of Perkinsus marmm in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Joumal of Shellfish Reasearch (12): 1-7
li. Sabry, G., and Boehs, 2007. First record of parasitism in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae (Bivalvia Ostreim) at Jaguanbe River estuary- Ceara, Brazil.
1 J. Sandra M.Casas, Amalia Gran, Kunberly S Reece, Kathleen Apakupakul, Carlos Azevedo, Antonio '^^llalba, 2004. Perkitisui medilerraneus n. sp , aprotistan parasite ofthe European flat oyster Ostrea edulis from the Balearic Islands, Mediietranean Sea. Disease of aquatic organisms, Vol.(58): 231-244
i4 Tuntlwaranuruk, C , Chalermwal, K, Upatham, E.S., Krutrachue, M., Azevedo, C , 2004. Investigation of Nematopsis spp- Oocysts in 7 species of bivalves from Chonbun Province, Gulf of Thailand. Disease of aquatic organisms, Vol.58- 47-53.
15. Tuntlwaranuruk, C, Chalermwat, K., Pongsakchat, V., Meepool, A., Upatham, E.S, Krutrachue, M., 2008. Infection of Nematopsis oocysts in different sizie ofthe farmed mussel Pemaviridis ThaiLand. Aquaculture 281:12-16.
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