TAP CHI KHOA HOC
Khoa hoc Tir nhien va Cong nghe, S6 16 (6/2019) tr.84 - 90
TRONG NAM SO TRANG {PLEUROTUS FLORIDA) TREN CO CHAT LOI NGO TAI TRlTONG DAI HOC TAY BAC
Dang Van Cdng, Doan Due Lan, Ly A Khu, Le Trin Cong Trudng Bgi hoc Tdy Bdc
Tom tdt: Nghien ciru nudi trdng ndm so Trdng (Pleurotus florida) tren co chdt loi ngo dicac thirc hien tai Trudng Dai hoc Tdy Bac tir ndm 2007 din nay Ket qud cdc thi nghiem da chi ra rdng trong ndm .so Trang Uen ccr chdt loi ngo co ndng .mat tdng 11.9%, hieu qud hnh id lang 26.09% so vai trdng tren co chdt roin rq, trdng ndm so Trdng tren ca chdt loi ngo bd sung them 10% dinh dirong (cam gao, bot ngo. hot ddu tirong} nang sudt tdng tir 6.4 - 9.6%, hieu qua kinh ti tdng tie 12,86 - 23.32% so vai khdng bd .sung dinh dicdng: sii dung khoi lupijg ca chdt toi ngo trong I bich ndm Id 2,5 kg thi ndng sudt vd hieu qud lanh ti dgt cao nhdt, .sic dung hrang giong cdy trong 1 bich ndm (ddi vai bich ndm co 2kg ca chdt) la 60g thi ndng sudt vd hieu qua kinh te dgt cao nhdl
Tu khda: Ndm so, loi ngd. ram rg. bong phe thdi, Tdy Bdc.
l.Mddiu
Nam an la mdt loai thyc pham giau dinh dudng, cd ham lugng aminoaxit tuang doi cao, dae biet cd day dii 8 loai aminoaxit khdng thay the, chiia nhieu loai vitamin A,B,C,D,E va khoang chat cung rat phong phu. Trong sd cac loai nam an thi nam sd la loai nam de trong va trong dugc tren nhieu loai ca chat khae nhau [1].
Nghe hdng nam tai Viet Nam dugc phat trien tir lau, tai khu vuc ddng bang thudng trdng nam sd tren ca chat ram ra, miin cua va bdng phe thai,... Bdi vi, day la cac loai phu pham san cd tai cac dai phuang. Ddi vdi cac linh Tay Bac, do dae thu dia hinh, thdi tiet khi hau nen cay ngd dupc hdng phd bien, trong dd San La la tinh cd dien tich trdng ngd ldn nhat.
hang nam cd khoang 200 nghin tan loi ngd thai ra mdi trudng, chua h'nh mpt lugng ldn than, la cay ngd bo lai d tren nuong. Day dugc coi la ngudn nguyen lieu rat tdt cho nudi trdng nim an thay the cac loai nguyen lieu truyen thong nhu ram ra, mim cua, bong phe thai [2].
Nam 2016, nhdm tac gia Luu Minh Loan, Mach Phuang Thao da co nghien cuu '^Bu&c ddu nghien cim xir ly loi irgo ldm ca chdt nuoi trong ndm so trang (Pleurotus florida) ", tuy nhien nghien cim nay mdi chi thyc hien bdn npi dung: Khao sat anh hudng cua
ky thuat tao am den qua trinh nuoi trdng nam; khao sat anh hudng cua dp min co chit; khao sat anh hudng ciia ty le dinh dudng bo sung vao ca chat den qua trinh trdng nim (chi su dung dmh dudng cam gao vdi ty le 0%, 2% va 6%); danh gia chat lugng ba thai sau trdng nim [4]
Nghien cim nay dugc thyc hien nham danh gia hieu qua eiia viec trdng nim so Trine hen ca chit loi ngd so vdi co chat ram ra va bdng phe thai. Ngoai ra, danh gia dugc hieu qua cua viec bd sung them cac chat dinli dudng (cam gao, bpt ngd, bpt dau tuang vdi ty le 10%) vao Ngay nhan bai: 02/11/2017. Ngay nhan dang: 16/8/2018.
Lien lac: Dang Van Cong - mail: [email protected]
CO chit hdng nim; xae dinh duge khdi lugng ca chat hong mdt bich nam va xae djnh kbli lugng
gidng nam cay trong mpt bich nam de dat dugc nang suat va hieu qua kinh te cao nhat.
2. N6i dung v^ phuong phap 2.1. Noi dung
- Ndi dung 1: So sanh nang suat va hieu qua kinh te khi trdng nam sd Tring tren ca chat ldi ngd so vdi co chat ram ra va bdng phe thai.
- Ndi dung 2: Danh gia nang suat va hieu qua kinh te khi bo sung them 10% cam gao, 10% hot ngo va 10% bpt dau tuong vao ca chat loi ngd de trdng nam sd Trang.
- Ndi dung 3: Xae dinh khdi lugng eo chat loi ngd trong 1 bich nam khi hdng nam sd Trang de dat nang suat va hieu qua kinh te cao nhat.
- Ndi dung 4: Xae dinh khdi lugng gidng nam cay trong 1 bich nam khi trdng nam sd Trang de dat nang suat va hieu qua kinh te cao nhat.
2.1. Phu-ffngphdp nghiin cun
- Phuang phap nghien cim ndi dung 1: Bd tri thi nghiem gom 3 cdng thiic (cdng thirc 1: 100% ca chat ram ra; cdng thiic 2: 100% co chat ldi ngd nghien; cdng thiic 3: 100% ca chat bdng phe thai), mdi edng thire gdm 30 bich nam, mdi bich nam cd khoi lugng 2kg, thi nghiem bo tri theo kieu RCB vdi 3 lan nhae lai, Thdi gian thyc hien thi nghiem tir thang 9 -12/2007.
- Phuang phap nghien eiiu ndi dung 2: Bd tri thi nghiem gdm 4 cdng thiic (cong thirc 1: 100% ca chat loi ngd nghien; cdng thiic 2: 90% ea chat loi ngd nghien va 10% cam gao;
cong thirc 3: 90% co chat loi ngd nghien va 10% bpt ngd; cdng thirc 4: 90% ca chat ldi ngd nghien va 10% bdt dau tuang), mdi cdng thiic gdm 30 bich nam cd khdi lugng 2kg, thi nghiem bo tri theo kieu RCB vdi 3 lan nhae lai. Thdi gian thuc hien thi nghiem tir thang 6-11/2008.
- Phuang phap nghien cim ndi dung 3: Bd tri thi nghiem gdm 5 cdng thiic (cong thirc 1: 2kg ca chat ldi ngo nghien/bich; edng thiie 2: 2,5kg ca ehat ldi ngo nghien/bich; cong thire 3: 3kg ca chat loi ngo nghien/bich; cong thitc 4: 3,5kg co chat loi ngd nghien/bich, cong thuc 5: 4kg CO chat loi ngd nghien/bich), moi cdng thiic gdm 30 bich nam (tui ddng bich cd kich thudc 25 X 35cm), thi nghiem bd tri theo kieu RCB vdi 3 lan nhae lai. Thdi gian thyc hien thi nghiem tir thang 7 -10/2016.
- Phuang phap nghien cuu ndi dung 4: Bd tri thi nghiem gdm 4 cdng thirc (edng thirc 1: 40g giong/bich; edng thirc 2: 50g giong/bich; cong thirc 3: 60g gidng/bich; cdng thiic 4:
70g gidng/bich), mdi cdng thirc gdm 30 bich nim, moi bich nam cd khdi lupng 2kg, thi nghiem bd tri theo kilu RCB vdi 3 lin nhic lai. Thdi gian thyc hien thi nghiem tic thang 7 -10/2016.
- Quy trinh ky thuat: Theo Nguyin Lan Diing (2004) [1].
- Cae ehi tieu va phuang phap theo ddi:
+ Kich thudc qua thi nim sd Tring: Mdi cdng thiic theo ddi 30 qua thi, do chieu dai cudng va dudng kinh mu nim khi thu hoach.
85
+ Nang suat: Mdi cdng thirc theo ddi 30 bich, can toan bd khdi lugng nam ruui ..—
dugc tren 1 bich nam, sau dd quy ddi hi nang suat/bich ra nang suit/tin nguyen lieu.
+ Hieu qua kinh tl: Hieu qua kmh tl = Tdng thu (nang suit x gia ban) - Tdng chi (chi tinh cac vat tu tieu hao va cong lao ddng, khdng tinh khiu hao nha xudng, dung cu).
- Phuang phap xu ly so lieu: Sir dung phan mlm Excel va Irristat 4.0.
3. Ket qua
3.1. Hieu qud trong ndm so Trdng trin cff chdt loi ngo so vdi rffm rg vd bdng phi thdi Bang I. Kich third'c qua the, nang suit va hieu qua kinh tl ciia viec tr6ng nam so Trang
tren mot s6 co- chat khae nhau (thang 12/2007) Cong
thiic C T I C T 2 C T 3 LSDo,OS
CV%
Chieu dai cuong nam (cm) 4,02' 4,16"
3,98"
0,21 11,2
Du'frng kinh mQ nam
(cm) 6,15' 6,37"'' 6,79' 0,56 13,5
Nang su^t (kg/tan nguyen
lieu) 318°
437' 497"
10,1 9,7
Tong thu (dong/tan nguyen lieu)
9.540.000 13.110.000 14.910.000
Hieu qua kinh te (d^ng/tan nguyen lifu)
7.457.000 8.308.000 7.733.000
Ket qua d bang 1 cho thay chieu dai euong nam va dudng kinh mii nam d cdng thiic trong nam sd Trang tren ca chat loi ngd nghien tuang duang vdi khi trdng tren co chat ram ra va bdng phe thai. Dieu nay chung td ca chat ldi ngd hoan toan phii hgp vdi sinh trudng, phat trien cua nam sd Trang. Nang suat nam sd Trang tren cae cdng thicc dao dpng tir 318 - 497 kg/tan nguyen lieu, trong do trdng nam so Trang hen ca chat loi ngd nghien va bdng phe thai dat nang suat tuang duang nhau va cao hon cd y nghia so vdi ca chat ram ra.
Hieu qua kinh te ciia cac cdng thirc dao ddng tir 7.457.000 - 8.308.000 ddng/tin nguyen heu, hong dd trong nam sd Trang hen ca chat loi ngd nghien dat hieu qua kinh te cao nhit. Do ca chat bdng phe thai khong san co tai dia phuang nen tdn nhieu chi phi mua va van chuyin; ca chat ram ra san cd tai dia phuang nhung nang suat thip.
Badshah (1992) da thu nghiem hdng nam sd Tring tren mpt so ca chit ba mia, ldi ngd, mim cua, ram lua mi nang suat dat 18,5 - 432,8g/2kg ea chat (tuang duang 9,25 - 216,5 kg/tan ca chat), hong dd ca chat ram lua mi cho nang suat cao nhit, sau dd din ldi ngd va thap nhat la mim cua [5].
Ponmurugan et al (2007) da nghien cuu anh hudng cua ca chat ram ra va ba mia len sy phat hien ciia nam Bao ngu Trang (nam sd Trang Trang). Ket qua cho thay nang suit nim sd Tring dat hi 124,35 - 268,94g/kg ca chit (mang duang 124,35 - 268,94 kg/tin ca chit) trong dd nim sd Trang phat trien va cho nang suat cao nhat tren ca chat ram ra [6].
Nhu vay, ldi ngd thich hgp lam ca chat trdng nam sd Trang. Tai Scm La c6 thi sir dyng ldi ngo lam ca chit hong nam sd Trang thay the cho ca chat ram ra va bdng phi thai.
3.2. Hiiu qud bo sung mpt so logi dinh dir&ng vdo cff chdt ldi ngo trong ndm so Trdng Bang 2. Kich thuo-c qua th§, nang suat va hieu qua kinh te cua viec bo sung dinh dudng
vao CO- chat 161 ngo trdng nam so Trang (thang 11/2008)
Cong thirc
CTI CT2 CT3 CT4 LSDoos
CV%
Chiiu dM cuong nam (cm) 4,16' 4,12"
4,35"
4,25"
0,27 12,7
Buivng kinh mil nam
(cm) 6,37' 6,75"' 6,65"' 7,37"
0,75 15,4
Nang suat (kg/tan nguyen lieu)
437' 516"' 501' 533"
31,6 14,2
Tong thu (dong/tan nguyen lieu)
13.110,000 15.480.000 15.030.000 15.990,000
Hieu qua kinh te (dong/tan nguyen lieu)
8.308.000 9.077.000 8.913.000 8.743.000
Ket qua d bang 2 cho thay khi bd sung them 10% cam gao, 10% bpt ngd hay 10% bpt dau tuang vao co chat ldi ngd hdng nam sd Trang khong lam tang hoae giam kich thudc qua the nam sd Trang khi thu hoach. Tuy nhien, nang suat nam sd Trang d cac cdng thicc cd bo sung them dinh dudng deu cao hem cd y nghia so vdi cdng thiic ddi chiing, nang suat cac cdng thiic dao dpng tir 437 - 533 kg/tan nguyen lieu, trong dd cdng thiic bo sung them 10% bdt dau tuang vao ca chat loi ngd hdng nam sd Trang dat nang suat cao nhat. Hieu qua kinh te cac cong thiic dao dpng tir 8.308.000 - 9.077.000 ddng/tan nguyen lieu, trong dd cdng thiic bd sung them 10% cam gao vao ca chat ldi ngd hdng nam sd Trang co hieu qua kinh te cao nhat.
Do chi phi mua bdt dau tuang cao han chi phi mua cam gao.
Theo Luu Minh Loan, Mach Phuang Thao (2016): khi bd sung 2% cam gao vao co chat ldi ngd nghien thi nang suat nam sd dat 0,46 kg/kg nguyen lieu kho (tuang ducmg 460 kg/tan nguyen lieu), khi bd sung 6% cam gao vao ca chat loi ngd nghien thi nang suat nam sd dat 0,36 kg/kg nguyen lieu khd (tuang duong 360 kg/tan nguyen heu) [4].
Nhu vay, co the thay viec bo sung them cac chat dinli dudng (cam gao, bpt ngd, bpt dau tuang vdi ty le 10%) vao ca chat ldi ngd hdng nam sd Trang deu lam tang nang suat va hieu qua kinh te so vdi doi chiing. Bd sung 10% cam gao eho nang suat va hieu qua kinh te cao han bd sung 10% bdt ngd hoae dau tuang.
3,3. Xdc dinh khoi lugng cff chdt trong mot bich ndm thich hgp nhdt
Bang 3. Anh hirdng eua khdi Iirffng cff chat Idi ngo trong mot bich nam den kich thudc qua the, nang suit va hieu qua kinh ti eiia viec trong nim so Trang (thang 10/2016)
Cong thirc
CTI
Chieu dai cuong nam
(cm) 4,07"
Sirdng kinh mil nam
(cm) 11,57'
Nang suit (kg/tan nguyen lieu)
430'
Ting thu (dong/tan nguyen lieu) 21.500.000
Hieu qua kinh te (dong/tan nguyen lieu)
17.329.000
CT2 C T 3 CT4 CT5 LSD,,.5
cv%
3,53' 3,73"' 3,07' 2,80' 0,35 5,4
11,35"
10,30' 9,97'"
9,51' 0,62 3,1
424"
253,3' 260' 252,5'
6,19 6,5
21.200.000 12.665.000 13.000.000 12.625.000
17.371.000 9.073.667 9.569.000 9.316.000
Ket qua bang sd lieu 3 cho th§y chieu dai cuong nam dao ddng tir 2,8 - 4,07cm va khdng co sir sai khae y nghTa giua cac cdng thirc. Dudng kinh mu nam dao dpng tir 9,51 - 11,57cm, hong do cong thirc su dung khdi hrgng ca chat trong 1 bich la 2kg va 2,5kg cd dudng kinh mii nam dat Idn nhit (sai khae co y nghTa), Nang suat nam so Trang dao dpng tir 252,5 - 430 kg/tin nguyen lieu, trong do cdng thiic sir dung khdi lugng ca chat trong 1 bich la 2kg va 2,5kg cd nang suit dat ldn nhit (sai khae cd y nghTa). Hieu qua kinh te eiia cac cdng thuc dao dpng tir 9.316.000 - 17.371.000 ddng/tin nguyen lieu, hong dd cdng thiic sir dung khdi lugng ca chat trong I bich la 2kg va 2.5kg co hieu qua kinh te dat ldn nhat.
Nhu vay, khi sir dung khoi lugng co chat loi ngd trong mpt bich la 2kg hoae 2,5kg thi nam sd Trang sinh tnrdng, phat trien tot nhat, nang suat va hieu qua kinh te dat cao nhat. Do khdi Iugng co chat thich hgp nen sgi nam phat trien tdt.
3.4. Xdc dinh khoi Iu'g'ng giong nam cay trong mot bich nam thich hgp nhdt Bang 4. Anh hiromg ciia khoi lupng giong nam cay trong mpt bich nam den kich thiroc
qua the, nang suat va hieu qua kinh te eua viec trong nam sd Trang (thang 10/2016)
Cong thuc
C T I CT2 CT3 CT4 LSDo,o5
CV%
Chieu dai cuong nam
(cm) 3,09'' 2,67' 3,49"' 3,90"
0,43 6,6
Du'o'ng kinh mil nam
(cm) 9,30' 8,57' 8,33' 9,65"
0,26 4,4
Nang su^t (kg/t^n nguyen lieu)
250,67' 247,44' 318,33"
294,44' 5,4
11
Tong thu (dong/tan nguyen lieu)
12.533.500 12.372.000 15.916,500 14.722.000
Hieu qua kinh te (dong/tan nguyen lieu) 7.283.500 6.972.000 10.366.500 9.022.000
Ket qua bang so lieu 4 cho thay chieu dai cudng nim dao ddng tir 2,67 - 3,9 cm va khdng CO sy sai khae y nghta giiia cac cdng thirc, tuy nhien khi sir dung khdi lugng gidng ciy hong I bich la 70g thi dudng kinh mii nam dat cao nhat (9,65 cm) va cd su sai khae y nghia vdi cae cdng thiic khae. Nang suat nam so Trang thu dugc dao ddng tir 247,44 - 318,33 kg/tin
nguyen lieu, hong dd cdng thirc sii dung khdi lugng gidng nam cay trong 1 bich la 60g cd nang suat dat ldn nhat (sai khae cd y nghTa). Hieu qua kinli tl ciia cac cdng thicc dao ddng tir 6.972.000 - 10.366.000 ddng/tin nguyen lieu, trong do edng thiic sii dung khii lugng gidng nam cay trong 1 bich la 60g cd hieu qua kinh tS dat ldn nhit.
Nhu vay, khi sii dung khdi lugng gidng nam ciy hong mdt bich la 60g thi nang suit va hieu qua kinh te dat eao nhat. Do khdi lugng giong thich hgp so vdi lugng ca chit hong bich nam nen sgi nam phat trien tdt.
4. Ket luan va de nghi 4.1. Kit lugn
- Loi ngo thich hop lam ca chat trdng nam sd Trang, nang suit dat 437 kg/tan nguyen lieu, hieu qua kinh te dat 8.308.000 ddng/tan nguyen lieu (nang suit tang 11,9%, hieu qua kinh te tang 26,09% so vdi trdng tren ca chat ram ra).
- Bo sung them cac chat dinh dudng (cam gao, bdt ngo, bpt dau tuang) vao ca chat loi ngo trong nam sd Trang deu lam tang nang suat va hieu qua kinh te so vdi ddi chiing. Trong
&6, bd sung 10% cam gao cho nang suat (516 kg/tan nguyen lieu) va hieu qua kinh te (9.077.000 ddng/tan nguyen lieu) dat cao nhit, nang suit tang 9,6%, hieu qua kinh tl tang 23,32% so vdi khdng bd sung dinh duang.
- Sir dung khdi lugng co chat loi ngd hong mdt bich la 2kg hoae 2,5kg thi nam sd Trang sinh trudng, phat trien tdt nhat, nang suat va hieu qua kinh te dat cao nhat.
- Sir dung khdi lugng gidng nam cay trong mdt bich la 60g thi nang suat (318,33 kg/tan nguyen lieu) va hieu qua kinh te (10.366.500 dong/tan nguyen heu) dat cao nhat.
4.2. De nghi
- Tai Son La cd the su dung ldi ngd lam ca chat hdng nam sd Trang thay the cho ca chat ram ra va bdng phe thai.
- Nen bd sung them 10% cam gao vao ca chat ldi ngdt rdng nam sd Trang de dat dugc nang suat va hieu qua kinh te cao nhat.
- Chi nen sii dyng khdi lugng co chat loi ngo trong 1 bich nam la 2kg hoae 2,5kg va sir dung khdi lugng giong nam cay trong I bich la 60g de dat nang suat va hieu qua kinh te eao nhat.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Nguyen Lan Diing (2004), Cong nghe nuoi trong ndm dn (tap 2), Nxb Ndng nghiep, Ha Npi.
[2] Doan Diie Lan, Dang Van Cdng, Tran Quang Khai, Nguyen Thi Quyen, Vd Phuang Lien (2014), Nuoi trong ndm so tren phe thdi cdy ngo, Nxb Ndng nghiep, Ha Ndi.
[3] Doan Dire Lan, Dang Van Cdng, Hoang Van Thanh, Tran Quang Khai, Vd Phuong Lien, Nishimura Yoshihiko (2014), Study on the cultivation of Oyter Mushroom using maize residues in Son La province Vietnam. Ky yeu hdi thao qudc te tai Dai hpc Kyushu Nhat Ban: Research for Tropical Agriculture Vol.7.
[4] Lull Minh Loan, Mach Phuong Thao (2uib), "Buoe dau nghien cvm xu ly loi ngu •-;
CO chat nuoi trong nam so tring (Pleurotus florida)". Tap chi Khoa hoc Bat hoc luac gia Hit Not: Cac Khoa hoc Trai dit va Moi truang, tap 32, s6 IS (2016) 254-259.
[5] Badshah. N, N. Ur-Rehnian and M.Wahid (1992), Yield and quality of mushroom grown on different substrates. Sarhah J.Agrioulture, 8 (6): 631-635.
[6] Ponmurugan P., Y. Nataraja Shekhar and T.R. Sreesakathi (2007), Effect of various substrate on the growth and quality of mushroom. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(1): 171-173.
CULTIVATION OF OYSTER MUSHROOMS {PLEUROTUS FLORIDA) USING CORN COB MEDIA IN TAY BAC UNIVERSITY
Dang Van Cong, Doan Due Lan, Ly A Khu, Le Tran Cong Tay Bac University
Abstrttct: Study on Oyster mushroom..: (Pleurotus floiicla) using corncob has been conducted in Tay Bac University since 2007. The study remits showed that there was an increase of 11.9% in productivity and of 26.9% in economic efficiency from growing oyster mushroom using corncob compared to lice straw. Besides, the use of a further amount of 10% niitrilion when growing mushroom (.inch as rice bran, cornflour, soybean flour) can help increase the productivity of the mushroom by 6.4% - 9.6%. and the economic efficienc)' hy
12,86% - 23,32%, and mushroom can reach its highest productivity and economic efficiency if an amount of 2.5 kg of corncob and 60g of spawn is used for each of bag.
Keywords: Oyster mushrooms, corncob, rice straw, cotton waste, Norlh-iVest.
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