Tgp chi Khoa hoc Tnrdng Dgi hpc Cdn Tha V 54 Sd 6B (2018): lOS-iH
Tap chi Khoa hoc TrLTdng Oai hoc Can Thd
Phan B: Ndng nghi£p, Thuy san vd Cong nghe Sinh hoc website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
DOL 10.22144/ctu.jvn 20!8.m H I E N T R A N G K H A I T H A C C A S U X l Boesemania microlepis ( B l e e k e r , 1 8 5 8 ) T R f i N S O N G H A U , D O N G B A N G S O N G C U t J L O N G
Mai Viet V a n ' ' , N g u y 6 n Thi V a n g ' , N g u y e n H o a n g Linh", N g u y i n N g p c Hien^ va D a n g Thi Phircmg'
'Khoa Thuy sdn, Tru&ng Dgi hpc Cdn Tho -Trung lam Khuyen nong tinh An Giang
^Chi cue Thuy sdn Cdn Tho
*Nguoi chiu trdch nhiem ve bdi viel: Mai Viel Vdn (email: mvvan(p),ctu.edu vn) ABSTRACT
The smallscale croaker Boesemania microlepis (Bleeker 1858) exptoilatm status on the Bassac river, Mekong Delta was conducted jrom January to October 2017 through direct interviews with 90jishing households by using Ike prepared questionnaire. The results show that the smallscale croaker is exploit all year round on the Bassac river. The jishing season is concentrated jitm February to April and Jrom July to November (lunar calendar) annually. The smallscale croaker production on the Bassac river is decrease by more than 45%
compared to that 5 years ago The highest average production is in the upstream ofthe Bassac nver. followed by the downstream and the lowest one is in Ik middle Smallscale croaker is mainly consumed as unprocessed fish for local traders. The mam difficulties of the smallscale croaker exploitation are the decline in production, the fluctuation in price of products, fishermen's lackoj information about the market Most ofthe trawl nets fishing households lack tlie capital lo invest in fishing Ihe erratic change ofthe weather greatly affected smallscale croaker exploiting production on the Bassac river, Mehmg Delta.
T O M TAT
Hien trgng khai thdc cd suu Boesemania microlepis (Bleeker, 1858) tim song Hdu, Dong bdng song Cuu Long duoc nghien cmi tir thdng I din thdng 10 nam 2017 Ihdng qua phuang phdp phong vdn 90 hp nguddn khai thdc cd sim bdng bdng cdu hoi soan sdn. Kit qud cho thdy cd siru duoc khai thdc quanh nam trm song Hdu. mua vy khai thdc tap trung tic thdng 2 den thdng 4vdtir thdng 7 dai thdng ! I (AL) hang nam. Sdn lucmg cd sun tren song Hdu hien nay suy ^dm han 45% so vai cdch day 5 nam. Sdn luong trung binh cd siiu khai thdc cao nhdt d ddu nguon, ke din Id cuoi nguon vd thdp nhdt o giiia ngudn sdng Hau. Cd sOu duac tieu thu chu yeu dudi dgng cd luoi cho thuong Idi tai dia phuong. Klid tdm chinh cua nghe khai ihdc cd suu Id sdn luang khai thdc luon suy gidm, gid cd son phdm bien dpng khong on dinh. ngie dan thieu thong tin vi thi trudng nen bj thuong idi ep gid. Da phdn cdc ho ngu dan lam n^hi khai thdc luoi keo deu thiiu von de ddu tir cho hoat dong khai thdc. Thm ttet cue doan lam dnh huong idn den sdn luong cd suu tiin song Hgu, Dong bdng song Cuu Long.
Trich dan. Mai Viet Van, Nguygn Thi Vang, Nguygn Hoang Linh, Nguyin Ngpc Hi6n va Dang Thi Phucrag, 2018. Hien frang kliai thac ca suu Boesemania microlepis (Bleeker, 1858) tren song Hau, D6ng bang song Cuu Long. Tap chi Khoa hoc Truong Dai hoc C l n Tha 54(6B): 108-114.
Thong tin chung:
Ngdy nhdn bdi- 31/10/2017 Ngdy nhdn bdi su:a: 24/12/2017 Ngdy duyet ddng- 30/08/2018 Title:
The smallscale croaker Boesemania microlepis (Bleeker 1858) explanation status on the Bassac river, Mekong Delta Tie khoa:
Boesemania microlepis, cd siru, Dong bdng song Ciru Long, hien trgng khai thdc, songHgu
Keywords:
Bassac river, Boesemania microlepis, exploitation status, Mekong delta, smallscale croaker
Tap chi Khoa hpc Truong Dgi hpc Cdn Tha Tgp 54 Sd 6B (2018). 108-114
1 GlOfI THIEU
Ca suu Boesemania microlepis (Bleeker, 1858) thuoc bp ca vuprc (Perciformes), hp ca du (Sciaenidae) va dugc phan b6 6 luu vyrc song Mekong tai cac nuac nhu Thai Lan, Lao, Campuchia, Viet Nam, Malaysia va Indonesia (Baud, 2011). Ca siiu la loai ca duac khai thac hoan toan 6 cac thuy vuc tu nhien vai kich co biin dpng 20-30 coVca the, Ca Ion nhit da duac tim thdy co chieu dai tong han 100 cm, kh6i luang khoang 18 kg/con (Baird et al, 2001). Chat lugng thit ca suu rat tham ngon nen dugc nguai tieu dung ua chuong, chinh vi the gia tri thuong pham cua ca suu hien nay kha cao, tra thanh mpt trong nhung d6i tugng khai thac chinh khong chi rieng a Viet Nam ma ca trong khu vuc song Mekong. Do cuong luc khai thac cao nen quan dan ca suu trong cac thuy vuc tu nhien suy giam nghiem trpng. Chinh vi vay, ca suu da dugc Lien minh bao ton thien nhien quoc te liet ke vao danh sach cac loai sap bi de dpa (^Baird, 2011). D6n nay, cac c6ng trinh nghien cim ve ca suu a tren thi giai va Viet Nam chua dugc cong b6 nhiSu. Baird et
al, (2001) da nghien cuu ve smh thai va bao ton casuu phan bo a cac suoi chinh tai Nam Lao.
Chittapalapong etai, (2014) cong b6 nhien ctru v^
tap tinh dinh duong ciia ca suu tai Dam Kraseaw (Thai Lan). (3 Viet Nam, chi c6 duy nhat cong trinh nghien cuu mo ta ve cac dac diem hinh thai phan loai ca suu 6 Dong bang song Cuu Long boi Tran Dac Dinh vd cJv., (2013). Bai bao nay tap trung trinh bay ve hien trang khai thac ca suu tren song Hau, Dong bang song Cuu Long nham cung cap cac thong tin ca ban lien quan den tinh hinh khai thac doi tugng nay phuc vu cong tac nghien cuu, hpc tap va quan ly nguon lgi ca suu a dia phuang.
2 V^T LIEU VA PHlTCfNG PHAP Nghien ciru dugc thuc hi^n tu thang 01 den thang 10 nam 2017. Dia diem khao sat tai ba doan doc tren tuyen song Hau tir An Giang (doan dau nguon Song Hau-Dau nguon) den Can Tha (doan giiia nguon Song Hau-GiCra nguon) va Soc Trang (doEin cuoi nguon song Hau-Cuoi nguon) (Hinh 1).
So lieu thii cap duoc thu thap tir cac sa ban nganh trong viing nghien cim va tir cac tai heu co lien quan den hien trang khai thac ca suu da dugc xuat ban trong va ngoai nuoc.
So heu so cap dugc thu thap thong qua phong van true tiep 90 hg ngu dan khai thac ca sim tai vung nghien cim bang bang cau hoi soan san. Chpn hp phong van bang each lap danh sach ngu dan theo nghe ludi re va luai keo a dia phuang vdi su gnip do cua CO quan quan ly nganh, sau do chpn ngau nhien cac hp trong danh sach de phong van Co cau
phan bo mau dieu tra gom dau nguon (27 mau luoi re va 3 mau luoi keo), giiia nguon (13 m§u luoi re va 17 luai keo) va cuoi nguon (17 mlu luoi re va 13 mau luai keo). Thong tin phong van gom thdi gian, miia vu khai thac; san lugng, doanh thu, chi phi, thuan lgi, kho khan trong nghe khai thac ca siiu,
Phan tich so lieu bang phuang phap thdng ke md ta, thong ke nhieu chpn lua. Cac gia tri tnmg binh, dp lech chuan, tan so (%) dugc sit dung de mo ta tin chinh va ky thu?it ciia cac hoat dgng khai thac ca siiu, Phuang phap thdng ke Anova vdi phep thii LSD diing de so sanh ket qua d dau ngudn, giiia nguon va cudi ngudn.
Hinh 1: Ban do khao sat tai vung nghien ciru 3 KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Dac diem chung ve ho khai th^c ca sun Nghe khai thac thiiy san la nghe truyen thdng gia dinh ciia tat ca cac hd ngu dan da dugc khao sat tai vung nghien ciru. Tudi cua ngu dan tham gia khai thac ca siiu phan Idn tap trung d nhdm 42-46 tudi, cao nhat la 71 tuoi va thap nhat 21 tudi. Kinh nghiem khai thac binh quan ciia ngu dan la 17,8 nam (dao ddng 15-20,5 nam). Dieu nay cho thay ngu dan khai thac ca siru thupc nhdm tudi trung men, co nhieu kinh nghiem trong hoat ddng khai thac thiiy san.
Nhdm lao ddng tre d viing nghien cuu thudng it tham gia khai thac ca siru do nguon thu nhap cua nghe thap va khong dn dinh, da sd hp di lam thue d cac khu cdng nghiep hoac lam nhirng cdng viec khac mang lai thu nhap cao hon
Phan Idn ngu dan khai thac cd suu co trinh dp
hoc van d cap 1 va cap 2 (tuang ling 51,1% va
28,9%). Dang chu y la ty le ngu dan khdng dugc den
trudng la kha cao (15,6%o), rieng d doan giira ngudn
cd den 20% sd hd mil chir. Vi vay, ngu dan khai thac
ca suu CO the gap rat nhieu khd khan trong viec nang
cao hieu qua ky thuat khai thac cung nhu y thiic bao
ve ngudn lgi thiiy san tai dia phuang.
Tgp chi Khoa hpc Trudng Dgi hpc Can Tha 3.2 Ngu cu khai thac ca suu
Ludi re va ludi keo la hai ngu cu khai thac dugc ngu din su dung pho bien de danh bat ca sieu tren song Hau d Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long Ddi vdi ludi rt, kich CO mat ludi d giua ngudn nhd hon so vdi d dau ngudn va cudi ngudn, Trong khi dd, didng sd ky
Bang 1: Thong so ky thuat v^ ngu cu khai thac ca suu tren s6ng H a u
Tgp 54 So 6B (2018). lOS-IH thuat ve ludi keo khdng chenh l?ch tir d§u ngufind^u cudi ngudn (Bang 1), Nguyen nhan la do 6 dau ngudn va cudi ngudn cd nhieu vyc sau hon dojn giiia nguon nen ca cd kich cd Idn hay tap trung phin bo d day nhieu han va ngu dan thudng sir dung cac ngu cu cd kich cd mat ludi to de khai thac.
Thong tin ngir cu
Dau nguon
SSng HSu
Giira ngu^n Cuoi nguon 1. Ludi re
Sd mau khao sat (n) Kich cd mat ludi (mm)
27 125±20
13 81±i4
17 128±10 2. Ludi keo
Sd mau khao sat (n) Chieu dai ludi (m) Do md dirng ludi (m) Dd md ngang ludi (m)
Kich cd mat ludi phan mieng ludi (mm) Kich ca mat ludi phin than ludi (mm) Kich cd mat ludi phin dut ludi (mm)
3 9,3±0,6 0,7±0,1 4,0±1,0 26,7±2,9 16,7±2,9 12,3±2,5
17 9,3±0,9 0,7±0,1 4,0±0,0 27,4±2,6 17,2±2,4 12,1±2,1
13 9,6i0,7 0,S±0,1 4,0i0,4 26,5i2,4 16,4±2,l 12,2il,7 3.3 Miia vu va san luong khai thac ca svu
Miia vu khai thac
Da so ngu dan cho rang thdi gian khai thac ca sim cho san luong cao tap trung tir thang 7 den thang 11 (AL) d giiia ngudn va cudi ngudn, trong khi d dau ngudn tir thang 2 din thang 4 (AL). Ngugc lai, thdi gian khai thac ca sim cho san lugng thip trong nam bien ddng tir dau ngudn den cudi ngudn. Cu the, d dau ngudn, thdi gian cho san lugng thap tir thang
6 den thang 8 (AL), giiia ngudn tir thang 1 den thang 2 va thang 8 (AL); trong khi d cuoi ngudn hi thang 1 den thang 6 (AL) (Hinh 2), Ket qua nghien ciiu nay triing khdp vdi nhan dinh cua Truong Thi Nga vd ctv., (2007) r i n g d Chau Phii (An Giang) co 80%
ngu dan tham gia khai thac ca tap tnmg tit thang 7 dSn thang 11 (AL). Day la thdi gian ngiip lu hSng nam d Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long, nen san lupng ca danh bat dugc cao han nhirng khoang thdi gian khac trong nam.
• Dau ngudn ''^ Giiia n g u o n -' Cuoi n g u o n 60 •
^ 4 0
<IU.
H
00
tW^tMi
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 U 12 T h a n g ( A L )
Hinh 2: Ty le phan tram nhan djnh cua ngu- dan v l san Iirpug ca sihi trong nam Thdi gian xuat hien ca con (cd chiiu dai tdng 3 -
10 cm/ca the) d cac diem nghien cim tren sdng Hau thay ddi khac nhau. 6 dau ngudn, ca suu con xuit
hien thudng vao nhiing thang d i u nam (thang I, I va 3) va thang 6-7 ( A L ) . Trong khi d vung giiia ngudn, ca con xuit hien tir thang 3-5 (AL) va dcuoi ngudn vao thang 4 va thang 6 (AL) (Hinh 3).
Tap chi Khoa hpc Tnrang Dgi hoc C&n Tha Tap 54 So 6B (2018)- 108-114
• Dau nguon ^'' Giua nguon i Cudi nguon
3 4 5 6 7 T h a n g ( A L ) Hinh 3: Thoi gian xuat hien ca siru con trong nam San luQUg ca sun khai thac
San lugng ca sim khai thac trung binh d dau ngudn la cao nhat (291,2 kg/hd/nam), keden la cudi ngudn (161,8 kg/hd/nam) va giira ngudn cho san luong thip nhit (113,5 kg/hd/nam) (p<0.05) (Bang 2). Nguyen nhan san lugng khai thac ca suu khac nhau giiia 3 diem nghien cuu tren sdng Hau la do ca sim trudng thanh thudng cd tap tinh phan bd tren cac Bang 2: San lu-ong ca siru khai thac d sdng H^u
vuc sau cua sdng MeKong, trong khi ca con thi phan bd d dpc cac bai cat ven sdng (Baird et al, 2000). O dau ngudn va cudi ngudn song Hau cd nhieu vuc sau tap trung d doan Vam Nao va Dai Ngai, day la noi ca sim cd kich cd Idn tap trung kha nhieu. Trong khi d giiia nguon, dp sau tuong ddi ndng, khdng cd cac vuc sau d sdng, cd nhieu cdn cat ven bd, thich hgp vdi su phan bd theo miia ciia ca siiu con vdi kich cd nhd.
Cac chi tieu Dau nguon
(n=30)
Song Hau Giira ngudn
(n-30)
Cuoi nguon (n-3Q) San lugng ca situ binh quan mot ngay (kg/ho) 2,2±0,8 0,8±0,8 1,5±1,3 San lupng ca suu trong thang (kg/hd) 31,0±11,4 12,2±10,2 15,5±10,2 San lugng ca sim trong nam (kg/hd) 291,2" ±96,8 113,5*^ ±75,9 161,8" ±95,0 Gia ban binh quan (1000 d/kg) 154,4" ±24,0 126,7''±0,1 148,0^ ±24,9 Ghi chu: n Id sd mdu khdo sdt; cdc elm cat khdc nhau Iren
Hinh thirc tieu thu san pham ca sun khai thac Ca sim khai thac dugc sir dyng vdi nhieu muc dich khac nhau tiiy theo nhu cau, thi trudng tieu thu va san lugng khai thac Phan Idn ca siiu khai thac dupe ngu dan ban dudi dang ca tuoi cho cac thuang lai tai dia phuong, trong dd d dau ngudn (74% hp ban san pham tai An Giang), giiia ngudn (63% hd ban tai Can Tho) va cudi ngudn (95% ho ban tai Sdc Trang); ke den la ngu dan true tiep ban cho ngudi tieu dung tai cac chg dia phuang (23%, 3 1 % va 4%o;
tuang ling d dau ngudn, giira ngudn va cudi ngudn), Ngoai ra, ca siru cung dugc ngu dan de lai sii dung trong gia dinh hoac lam qua tang cho ngudi than vdi ty le rit it (Hinh 4).
Ket qua khao sat cho thay gia ca ca sim khai thac tren sdng Hau bien dong theo 3 loai kich cd cua ca.
Ca loai 1 (cd khdi lugng Idn han 2 kg/ca the) cd gia trung binh 196,900±25.800 ddng/kg. Ca loai 2 (khdi lugng tir 1 -2 kg/ca the) gia trung binh 141.100±11.700 ddng/kg, Ca loai 3 (khdi lugng nhd
cimg hdng Id su khdc bi^t cdy nghia thongke (P<0,05) hon 1 kg/ca thi) vdi gia trung binh 91.100±12.500 ddng/kg Nhin chung, ca siiu cd gia thuang pham cao han cac loai ca khac vi day la ddi tugng duac danh bit tu nhien. Ngudi tieu diing cd xu hudng uu tien sir dung san pham thuy san khai thac tu nhien hon so vdi san pham thiiy san dugc nudi nhan tao vdi nguyen nhan la cac loai thiiy san nudi cd sir dung thuc an bd sung, dugc xu ly thudc va hda chat trong qua trinh nudi nen thudng cd chat lugng thit khdng ngon va kem an toan (Dang Thi Phugng va Le Xuan Sinh, 2011).
3.4 Hiiu qua tai chinh hoat dong khai thac ca suu tren sdng Hau
Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay chi phi khai thac ca siru binh quan mdi hd khoang 16 tneu ddng/nam va khdng cd su khac biet giira cac diem nghien ciiu tir dau ngudn den cudi ngudn song Hau {P>0,05).
Trong khai thac thuy san, mgt loai ngu cu cd the dugc sic dung de khai thac nhieu ddi tuong thiiy sinh vat. Do do, rat kho de tinh toan rieng chi phi khai thac cho timg ddi tugng thiiy san.
Tap chi Khoa hoc Truong Dai hoc Cdn Tha Tap 54. So 6B (2018): 108-IU
• Ban le (%) Ban cho thinrng lai (%)
"Sit dungtronggia dinh'lam qua tang (%) 6%,
DauDguon iGma nguon C u n n g o o n
Doanh thu binh quan cua hd khai thac ca siiu tren sdng Hau la 28.504 ngan ddng/nam, cao nhat la hg khai thac d diu ngudn (46.004 ngan ddng/nam) va thip nhit d giira ngudn (14.380 ngan ddng/nam), Nguyen nhan do ngu dan d giiia ngudn sii dung ludi keo de khai thac ca siru vdi kich cd nhd, gia ca thap.
Hinh 4: Hinh t h u c su- dung ca siru khai thac
trong khi d dau ngudn va cudi ngudn thi da so ngu dan sir dung ludi re de khai thac ca situ cd kich cc Idn, gia thuang pham ca cao han. Ket qua kiem djnh thong ke cho thay doanh thu va lgi nhuan cua ngu dan khai thac ca sim d ba diem nghien cim co s\r khac biet cd y nghia iP<0,05) (Bang 3).
Bang 3: Hieu qua tai chinh cua ngh§ khai thdc cd siin tren song Hau (DVT: 1000 dong/nam) Chi tilu
Tong chi phi Doanh thu tir ca siru Tong doanh thu Tong lot nhuan
Dau nguon (n-30) 16.586,7'±5.414,1 46.004,3" ±18 206,2 52.196,5*±14.520,7 35.609,9"±10.186,6
Sdng H a u Giira ngu6n
(n=30) 16.518,3" ±6.008,0 14.380,0= ±9.618,4 55.255,7"±15.958,3 38.737,4"±10.533,4
Cu6i nguon (11-30) 16.093,3" ±6.891,6 25.128,1'±17.075,6 51 870,2'±18.281,6 35.776.8±" 11.908,8 Ghi chii n Id so mau khao sat; cdc chir cdi khdc nhau tren ciing hdng la su khdc biit cd y nghia thongke (P<0,05)
3.5 Nhan dinh cua ngu dan ve bien ddng san lugng ca suru khai thac
Ket qua phan tich thdng ke tan sd nhan dinh ciia ngu dan ve bien ddng san lugng ca suu cho thay san
lucmg ca suu khai thac a sdng Hau hien tai (2016- 2017) giam di 45,2%) so vdi san lugng each day 5 nam (2012). Trong dd, san lugng ca siiu loai 1 giam 45,8% va ca siiu loai 2 va loai 3 giam 44,9% (Hinh 5)
Dau ngudn GiCta ngudn Cudi ngudn -~.ii^ ^f^-JHi! " E*|3 diem
Hinh 5: Miic do suy giam san lugng ca sii-u giai do^n 2012-2017
Tap chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dai hpc Can Tha Nguyen nhan chinh dan den san lupng ca sim khai thac tren sdng Hau giam nhieu so vdi nhirng nam trudc day la do (i) cudng lire khai thac ca suu tang de dap ung nhu cau thuc pham thiiy san tu nhien tang, san pham ca siiu co gia cao so vdi cac loai thuy san khac (64,6%); (ii) muc nude lu tir thugng ngudn sdng Mekong do ve sdng Hau cd xu hudng ngay cang giam do anh hudng ciia cac cong trinh thiiy lgi, dap thuy dien va han han (59,0%); (/») khai thac thiiy san bang cac ngu cu mang tinh chat huy diet nhu cao dien, xiec dien, dat lu, dat lop, dang me vdi kich thudc mat ludi rat nhd, tan diet ca con va ca bd me trong miia smh san (22,8%). Ket qua nghien cuu nay triing vdi nhan djnh ciia Vo Thanh Tan (2008) la phan Idn ngu dan d viing dau ngudn An Giang cdn han che trong viec thuc hien cac qui dinh cua ca quan chiic nang ve quan ly ngudn lgi thiiy san (qm dinh ve kich thudc mat ludi cac ngu cu khai thac, mua vu khai thac, ddi tugng va kich cd thiiy san dugc phep khai thac)
Tap 54 So 6B (2018) 108-114 3.6 T h u a n Igi va khd k h a n chii yeu ciia nghe khai thac ca sun t r e n song H a u
K i t qua phan tich thdng k6 tan sd (nhieu !ua chgn) cho thay thuan Igi Idn nhat ciia nghe khai thac ca suu tren sdng Hau la nghe khai thac ca sim cd mirc dau tu va chi phi hoat ddng khdng cao, phii hgp vdi nang luc tai chinh cua hp ngu dan cd han che ve vdn. Ben canh dd, ca sim la ddi tuang khai thac cd gia tri thuang pham cao, nen gdp phan gia tang thu nhap cua ngu dan. Ngu trudng khai thac ca siiu d cac dja phuang tuang ddi rdng va gan noi d cua ngu dan nen rat thuan lgi trong qua trinh khai thac. Ben CEinh do, nghe khai thac ca siru tren sdng Hau ciing cd nhiing khd khan han che nhu ngu dan thieu thdng tin ve thi trudng tieu thu san pham, thieu lien ket trong san xuat, gia ca ca suu thudng bien dgng do cac thuang lai ep gia Da phan cac hd ngu dan lam nghe khai thac ludi keo deu thieu von de dau tu cho hoat ddng khai thac. Thdi tiet cue doan lam anh hudng Idn den san lugng khai thac (Bang 4).
Bang 4: T h u a n lgi va kho k h a n ciia nghe khai thac ca suu t r e n song Hau
Thuan loi n Ty le (%) Khd khan T y l e
- Chi phi khai thac thap 57 - Ca suu cd gia cao 56 - Ngu trudng khai thac rdng 50 - Nghe khai thac de lam 26 - Ngu trudng gan noi cu tni 21
63,3 - Thieu thdng tin thi trudng, thieu lien ket 65 72,2 62.2 - B i e p g i a 52 57,8 55,6 - Thdi tiit thit thudng 51 56,7 28.8 - Thiau vdn (hd ludi keo) 47 52,2 23.3 - San luong khdng dn djnh 36 40,0 Ghi chu: n Id sd mdu khdo sdt
4 K E T LUAN VA DE XUAT 4.1 K i t lu^n
Ca sim dugc khai thac quanh nam tren sdng Hau, miia vu khai thac tap trung vao thang 2 den thang 4 va tir thang 7 den thang 11 (AL) hang nam, San lugng ca suu tren sdng Hau hien nay suy giam hon 45% so vdi each day 5 nam. San lugng trung binh ca sim khai thac cao nhat d dau ngudn, ke den la cudi ngudn va thap nhat d giua ngudn sdng Hau. Ca suu dugc tieu thu chii yeu dudi dang ca tuai cho thuang lai tai dia phuong, Thuan lgi Idn nhat cua nghe khai thac ca suu tren sdng Hau la mirc dau tu va chi phi hoat ddng khai thac khdng cao phii hgp vdi nang luc tai chinh cua hp ngu dan cd han che ve vdn, ca sim la ddi tugng khai thac co gia tn thuong pham cao, ngu trudng tuong ddi rgng va gan nai d ciia ngu dan, Cac khd khan chinh la ngu dan thieu thdng tin ve thi trudng tieu thu san pham, thieu lien ket san xuat, thuang lai thudng ep gia ngu dan Da phan cac hd ngu dan lam nghe khai thac ludi keo deu thieu vdn de dau tu cho hoat ddng khai thac, Thdi tiet cue doan lam anh hudng idn den san luang ca sim tren sdng Hau, Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long.
4.2 D l suSt
Cac CO quan chuc nang day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen, giao due nang cao nhan thiic cua ngu dan ve khai thac va bao tdn ngudn Igi thiiy san ndi chung va ca siiu ndi neng, dac biet quan ly chat che nghe khai thac ludi keo vi day la ngu cu khai thac cd kich thudc mat ludi nhd, anh hudng Idn den ngudn lgi thuy san va he sinh thai thiiy vuc.
Can to chiic lien ket san xuat de hd trg nhau trong khai thac, dn dinh gia ca va tim thi trudng dau ra cho san pham khai thac gdp phan dn dmh sinh ke cho ngu dan,
LC« C A M TA
Tac gia xin chan thanh gdi Idi cam an den Bd Giao Due va Dao Tao da tai trg kmh phi thuc hien nghien cuu nay trong khudn khd de tai Cap Bd nam 2016-2018. Tac gia ciing xm giri Idi cam cm den mdt sd can bo va sinh vien Khoa Thiiy San. trudng Dai Hoc Can Tha da tham gia va ho trg nhom nghien ciiu hoan thanh ndi dung bai bao nay.
Tap chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dgi hoc Can Tha TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
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