M KHOA HOC & C O N G N G H E
Cng dung cong nghe GPS thanh lap \uScA khong che do ve phuc vu cong tac lap quy hoach chl tiet diem du ljeh sinh thai Chieng Yen, xa Chieng Yen - Van Ho - Sofn La
Applying GPS to the measuring-a nd-d rawing control grid for the detaied planning of Chieng Yen ecotourism site in Van Ho district. Son La province
Nguyen Thanh Len
Tom tat
Du heh sinh thai (DLST) dang la xu hucing cung nhiTtrong tam phat trien du I k h , hinh te cr cac dia phiicng tren ca nudc. Diem DLST piiai gan lien vdi truyen tiiong van hoa cua dja phUtfng, bao ton dUtfcthien nhien. Mot dU an diem DtST dUtfc coi la thanh cong thi phai co mot bo quy hoach hoan chinh, vifa co t i n h hien dai, vifa bao ton du'dc nhiing gia trj van hda hien co va dUOc trien khai mot each dong bo diTa tren nhifng quy tac, tieu chuan ciia nha nUdc. Do do, nhii'ng nha kien tnic stf quy hoach can cd mot bo iai lieu ban do hien trang day Si thdng tin phuc vu cong tac lap quy hoach.
t)e lap 6\Sac t d ban do hien trang cd nhieu phucmg phap, nhUng vdi khu vUc vimg niii, dja hinh hiem t r d thi cdng nghe
GPS the hien dUOc t i n h Uu viet. Bai bao nay sijT dung cdng nghe GPS de thanh lap lUdi khdng che do ve phuc vu cdng tac lap quy hoach chi tiet diem du ljeh sinh thai Chieng Yen xa Chieng Yen, huyen Van iio, tinh Scm La.
Tif kboa: GPS, Iddi khong che, du lich smh thdi
Abstract
Ecolounsm is a trend a; well as a focus on economic development across tile country. Ecotourism sites must be associated with local cultural traditions and nature conservation. A successful project of ecotourism sites must have a complete set of modern planning wliile preserving the existing cultural values and being implemented synchronously based on the rules and standards.
Therefore, arciiitects need to tiave a complete set of current status map documents for planning. In order to create a current status map, there are many methods, but with mountainous areas and rugged terrain, GPS technology shows the superiority. This paper uses GPS technology lo establisii a control grid for the detailed planning of Chieng Ven ecotourism site in Ctiieng Yen commune, Van Ho district, Son La province.
Key words: GPS, grid control. Eco-tourm.
ThS. Nguyen Thanh Len Bo mon Trdc dia
Khoa Ky thugl Hg ldng vd Moi Irudng Do ihi Email Thanhlen [email protected]
DT: 0985579777
Ngay nhan bai.
Ngay siia bai:
Ngay duy St dang
1. Gi6i thieu
Tu cuoi nhung nam 1990, du ljeh da duac xae djnh giu' mdl vj tri quan trpng trong sg phat then kinh t i , xa hdi a Viet Nam ndi ehung va du ljeh sinh thai (DLST) ndi rieng. Nd duac eoi la mdt chuang trinh xda ddi giam ngheo ed hieu qua thdng qua viec ithai xudng eho cae vung dan eu cd khd khan lam du ljeh. NhO'ng khu vue nay Ihudng la nhung nai cdn hoang sa, ehua cd tae dong eua ban tay con ngudi.
De cd mdt diim DLST thu hOl dugc khach du ljeh, mang lai hidu qua kinh l l thi khu vuc eln cd mpt ban quy hoach chi t i l t Ban dd hien trang la tai lieu dlu vdo vd cung quan Irong ciia l<iln true su quy hoaeh, giOp nguai kiin Iriic su cd cai nhin bao quat v l khu vue, dua ra nhung phuang an quy hoaeh tdi uu va phO hap nhlt. Be lap duge ban d i hien trang co t h i dua vao phuang phap do ve loan dac, chyp anh hang khdng, vidn tham, edng nghe GPS... Da phln ddi vo'i khu vgc ed dia hinh ddi nCii, cay cii um tOm thi viec do ve thanh lap ban dd su dung cdng nghe GPS. Trong bai bao nay, lae gia trng dung edng nghe GPS d i thanh lap ludi khong chi do ve phue vy edng lac lap quy hoach chi t i l l diem du ljeh sinh thai Chieng Yen xa Chieng Yen, huyen Van Hd, linh San La. Viec sir dyng cdng nghe GPS de thanh lap luai khdng che do ve phuc vu cdng lac lap quy hoaeh ehi lilt diem du lich smh thai Chieng Yen la phu hgp, tiit kiem ehi phi, thai gian va dam bao dd ehinh xae,
2. Quy trinh thanh lap luai khong c h l do ve b l n g cong nghe GPS
Cdng tac thanh lap lud'i khdng ehi do ve bang edng nghe GPS dugc thgc hien dua tren kit qua:
Thu thap lai lidu: Dua tren cae thdng tu [1], [2], cac 16' ban do dia hinh, cae Id ban d i dja chinh san cd cua khu vgc.
J Cancijphaply, Cosdlchoahoc | c nghien cini ' Gidi thi8u cong nghe GPS
To chirc thirc h i ^
Thigt ki ludi, chon diem, chon chon diera gdc GPS
Xij ly sd lieu
Ket qua nghien cihi
J So do mdc luoi khong ch€
i Bang sd lieu sau binh SE
tJ
iiinh 1. Sd do cac bu'de thanh lap lu'di khong che do ve
82
TAP CHl KHOA HOC K I E N T R U C - X A Y D U H GSuS riKftc nine B6 Sm©
Thiet ke luoi, chpn ^em, chon moc, chon diem goe
Thiet ke ca do To chtjc do dac I
1
Xii ly so lieu
Hinh 3. Cong tac xay du'ng lu'di khong che do ve bang cong nghe GPS
Hinh 2. Vi tri khu vu'c nghien cij'u
Hinh 4. Phu'tfng an thie't ke lu'di khong che do ve
Do dge ngoai thuc dia: Sir dung phugng phap va dyng cy dja hinh suo'n ddc, hoang sa, thuan lai cho vide dat dilm do cua edng nghe GPS, DLST. Hien lai khu vue ed 2 diem GPS hang IV da duge Xu' 1^ sd lieu: Tiin hanh binh sai, danh gia k l l qua do dae '^anh lap dugc su dung lam diem goe eho ludi khdng che Giai thi^u khu vuc nghidn cO'u ° ^^
Lua chgn xa Chieng Yen, huyen Van Ho, linh San La cd 3. Xay dung lud'i khong che do ve Diem du ljeh sinh didn lieh khoang 12ha lam khu vgc nghien cuu. Khu vgc cd thai Chieng Yen xa Chieng Yen, huyen Van Ho, tinh So-n
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83
KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE
La bang edng nghe GPS
Cdng lac to ehirc thue hien xay dung ludi khong c h i do ve blng edng nghg GPS qua cac budc nhu hinh 3.
Thidt ke lifdl, chgn didm, chdn moc. chon didm gdc Viec Ihanh lap ban dd phye vy cdng lae lap quy hoach chi i l i l diem DLST thi e l n thanh lap lud'i khdng che elp 2 tai xa Chiing Yen, huyen Van H i , tinh San La va dugc i h i i l ke dua tren nhO'ng nguyen l i e chung [5],
Khu vue nghien cuu rdng khoang 12ha, de dam bao mat dd 1diem/1,5ha ddi vdi ludi khdng che do ve thi ludi khdng c h i do ve dugc thill k i cd 8 diem (vdi 2 diim g i c (GPSI,GPS1I thugc lud'i hang IV va 6 dilm mai) [3].
Sau khi thiet k i lud'i khdng che do ve trong phdng, la cin phai di khao sal Ihuc l i , xac dmh vj tri chinh xae cac diem luai va l i l n hanh gin moc ngoai Ihuc dia dua tren phuang an thiet k l ludi,
Vdi cae yeu eau ndu tren va d i dam bao dd ehinh xac xay dung ludi khdng ehe do ve phye vu cdng tae lap quy hoach chi t i l l diem du iich sinh thai Chiing Yen xa Chiing Yen, huyen Van Ho. linh San La thi nhdm nghien cuu SU' dung may GPS hai t i n ComNav T300 dOng cho edng lac do dac ngoai hien Irudng.
Thidt kd ca do
So ca do dugc tinh theo cdng thire sau, n=(m.S)/R
Trong dd:
S - la long s i diem Irong lud'i.
K - la s6 may thu sir dyng d l do.
m - la SO lan dat may lap trung binh tai diim.
Can eir vao phuang an thiil k i ludi, s6 diim trong ludi vdi 5 may thu chung la xac djnh duac s i ca do la 2 ca, thdi gian do la 90 phul vai diiu kien sd ve linh quan sal khdng it ban 6 va PDOP khdng lan ban 5.
Td chiec do dac
Cdng tac do dge xay dung ludi khong chi do ve bang cdng nghe GPS dugc lien hanh Irong khu vgc nghien eu'U, Trong qua trinh do dac, eln phai chii y din tin hieu may thu, thai gian bat t i t may va thai tilt d l luu nhat ky.
Khi do dac phai thue hien theo ljeh do da dvigc thiit k i tu' trudc,
XCP /y so lieu
Sir dung phln mim SlalieGPSA Ssislant dung d l trut s i lieu tip may do GPS sang may linh. So lieu do dae dugc luu vao file vd'i dinh dang '".dai". Sau dd so heu se dugc SU' 1^ tren phln mem TRIMBLE TOTAL CONTROL
Phln mem TRIMBLE TOTAL CONTROL de liin hanh binh sai s i lieu do GPS, Day la phln mem phi bien, phO hap, chuyen d l xCr li so lieu do GPS mdt each nhanh ehdng, lien lgi, dam bao dp lin cay. Kit qua binh sai dugc ehuyin sang phln mem DPSurvey d i bien lap thanh 7 bang [1].
Phln mem DPSURVEY chuyen xir ly sd lieu trie dja - ban dd nhu: bien lap, binh sai, ud'c tinh. File k i l qua duae bien lap dudi dinh dang '".doe"
Cae bude yciy ly s i lieu ndi nghiep duge lien hanh nhu hinh 5,
Trudc khi tiin hanh binh sai can phai xO'Jii' canh tuc la can thiep tin hieu ve linh, Nhung vg tinh ylu, nhilu ihi can phai e l l tin tiigu y l u , nhilu cua v# linh do ra khdi
3 4 TAP CHi KHOA HOC KIEN TRUC - XAY DUtJG
Bang 1 . Chi tieu ky thuat lu'di ichong che do SoTT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cac chi tieu ky tiiuat Chieu dai dipang chuyen {i<m) Chu VI vong Ithep {l<m}
Chi§u dai canh dai nhat (l<ni) Chigu dai canh ngin nh&t (Itm) So canh nhi4u nh&t trong du'dng chuydn Sai so khep tu'ong d6i canh ion nhat
Sai s6 trung phuo'ng do goe So ian do goe. canh
Cho phep 3 10 0.36 0.08 15 1:5000
10"
3 ve
Ghl ChO
Khdi dgng phan mem StaticGPSA Ssistant
Chuyen so lieu kSt qua do tii may thu GPS sang may tinh
Khdi d6ng phan mem TRIMBLE TOTAL
Imput sd U^u Tign hanh xu li canh.
Fix diem gdc (GPS-I)
Chpn trpng sd don vi Fix diem gdc (GPS-H)
^ [
Khoi dpng p h ^ mi DPSURVEY
Xuat ket qua binh sai lirdi ra file duoi djnh dang text Hinh 5. Xtf ly so lieu do GPS tren may tinh
chuang Irinh.^Sau khi can thiep lin hieu ve linh thi c l n kiem tra sai sd khep do hinh cua lud'i, Sai sd khep do hinh cua ludi nho ban sai so khep hinh gidi ban theo tieu chuin thi liep tyc tiln hanh xir ly so lieu [2].
Trong qua trinh binh sai, neu coi do chinh xac do gde va dd chinh xac do egnh la bang nhau thi chgn trpng s i Can vi bang Mo=1.
K i t qua sau binh sai s i ligu do GPS ludi :- in -.KA ^ ,s .,'X i l i i il '. ^1 X .-- -. ^ \ ' y L.ne 00 ve diem du Ijch sinh thai Chieng Yen xa Chieng Van, huyen Van Ho, tinh San La nhu sau:
Ludi khong c i i i do ve phuc vy quy hoach chi till Diem du ijch sinh thai Chiing Yen xa Chiing Yen, huyen Vgn H^ t' h San La duac xay dung bao dam cac tidu chi kf ihuat Nh • ' - quy dmh trong lai lieu [1]. na nuac
Kel qua tga dp va dp cao sau binh sai luai khi? '9 chi do V
Hinh 6. Lu'di khong che do ve
Bang 2. Ket qua toa dp va do cao sau binh sai
SoTT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ten diem GPS1 GPS2 DCil-3 DCiM DCii-5 DCil-6 DCil-7 DCIi-8
Tpa dp X(m) 2297301.940 2297114.693 2297353.153 2297270.242 2297201.604 2297094.989 2296994.464 2296957.532
Y(m) 600494.577 600354.606 600547 620 600411.272 600487.889 600134,969 600135.428 600191.062
Dp cao h(m) 389.868 409.764 390 084 391.038 396.491 479,742 459.727 461.908
Sai so vi tri diem (mx)
0 003 0,001 0,001 0 001 0,005 0 005
(my)
0,003 0.004 0.000 0,002 0,002 0,002
(mh)
0,021 0,035 0 007 0,027 0,020 0,004
(mp)
0,004 0,004 0.001 0,002 0.005 0.005
Dilm du lich sinh thai va du Ijeh cdng ddng Chiing Yen xa Chiing Yen, huyen Van Hd, tinh San La duae the hien trong Bang 2 [2],
4. Ket luan
Xay dung duge he thing ludi khing chl do ve lai Dilm du heh sinh thai v^ du ijch cpng dong Chiing Yen xa Chieng Yen, huyen Van H i , tinh San La blng cdng nghe GPS, dam bao dil so lugng dilm va do chinh xae, eae ch? lieu ky Ihuat eua Nha nude d l ra d i phue vu edng lac Igp quy hogeh chi tiit 1:500.
U'ng dung cdng nghe do GPS Irong viec thanh lap lud'i khdng che do ve phue vu quy hoaeh chi t i l l diem Diem du lich sinh thai va du Ijeh edng ding Chieng Yen xa Chiing Yen, huyen Van Ho, linh San La tiit kiem tho'i gian, ehi phi, mang lai hieu qua kinh l l eao.
Cdng nghe GPS giiip vige lap ludi khong chi do ve duac thue hign a nhung dja hinh hiim Iro', khd khan trong viec di chuyin./.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. BQ Tdi nguyen vd Mdi tmdng, Thong tus6 68/2015/TT- BTNMTngdy 22/12/2015 Quy djnh ky ihudt do dac true tiep dia hinh phifc VIS ihdnh Igp bdn do dia hinh vd ar so dif lifu nin dia ly ty If 1.500, 1:1000, 1:2000.1:5000.
2. B$ Tdi nguyen vd M6i tnidng. Thdng lu sS 06/2009/TT- BTNMTngdy 18 Ihdng 06 nam 2009 quy dinh vi quy chudn ky thugl Qudc gia ve xdy dung ludi tga dg.
3. B$ ldi nguyen vd Mdi trudng, Thong tu 25/2014/IT-BmMT
" quy djnh vi bdn dd dia,chinh.
4. D4ngNam Chinh. DdNgQcDudng(2003). Cdngnghe GPS. Bdi gidng ngdnh Trdc dia. trwdng Dgi hgc Afo - Dja Chat Hd Ndi.
5. Nguyin Trong San. Ddo Quang Hieu, Dinh Cdng Hoa (2004). Trac dia ea sd (Tgp 1- Tgp 2). Md xuit bdn Giao thdng van ldi.
SO 37 • 2020
