vn Vdn Thdng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 85(09)/2: 131-134
N G H I E N C U t J A N H HtTOfNG C U A T U O I VA M A T D O D E N T Y S U A T D A M VA TY S U A T D A M C O N G N G H E L O A I C A Y K E O L A T R A M ( A C A C I A A U R I C U L I F O R M I S A . C U N N E X B E N T H ) T R O N G T A I T H A I N G U Y E N
Vu Van Thong Tru&ng DH Nong Ldm - DH Thdi Nguyen TOM T A T
- Ty sudt dam bien ddng tir 95,29% den 98,47% tang dan tir cd tudi 6 den ca tudi 14. Ty suat dam cdng nghe tdng dan tir tudi 6 (80,26%) den tudi 12 (85,74%), tudi 14 ty suat dam cdng nghe giam xudng cdn 83,69%.
- GiQ-a ty suat dam vdi tudi vd mat do cua lam phan cd quan he chat. Phuong trinh md ta quan he ndy Id: Q = 85.5835+3.6878.1nA-i-0,4759.LnN
- Quan he giira ty suat dam cdng nghe vdi tudi va mat do lam phan dugc the hien bang phuang trinh sau: LnQo= 4,4569 +0,0381.InA + 0,0049.lnN
- Giira ty suat dam vd ty suat ddm cdng nghe thuc sir ton tai quan he vdi sd cdnh tren don vi chieu ddi than cay d mirc tuong ddi chat den chat.
- Ty suat dam cdng nghe cd quan he ty le nghjch vdi dudng kinh canh tren than cay, khi dudng kinh canh tang ty sudt ddm cdng nghe gidm.
Til' khda: ty sudt ddm, ty sudt ddm cdng nghi, keo la trdm. Thai Nguyin DAT VAN DE
Hien nay d Viet Nam, Keo la tram (A.
auriculiformis Cumn Ex Benth) la loai cay dugc frdng phd bien cung cap nguyen lieu cho cdng nghiep che bien vi nd cd nhieu uu diem so vdi cac loai cay rimg frdng mgc nhanh khac. De nang cao hieu qua sir dung rimg trdng Keo la fram kinh doanh nguyen lieu van dam can phai cd nhiing nghien ciru sau ve cac nhan td anh hudng din ty le lgi dung gd (ty suat dam cdng nghe), de tir dd de suat cac bien phap kinh danh rimg phii hgp. Xuat phat tir nhirng van de dat ra d fren, de gdp phan dap img nhu cau ciia thuc tien san xuit frong kinh doanh rimg Keo la fram, chiing tdi tien hanh nghien ciru de tai:
Nghien cim anh hudng cua fridi va mat do den ty suit dam va ty suat dam cdng nghe loai cay Keo la fram frdng tai Thai Nguyen.
MUC TIEU, N O I DLTNG v A PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN CUU
Muc tieu
Xac dinh dugc anh hudng cua tudi va mat do din ty suit dam cdng nghe loai cay Keo la tram.
' Tel; 0912 010 997; Emad; [email protected] Noi dung
- Xac dinh ty suat dam va chat lugng dam - Xac djnh quan be giira ty suat dam va ty suat dam cdng nghe vdi tudi va mat do - Quan he giua ty suat dam va ty suat dam cdng nghe vdi sd canh tren don vj chieu dai than cay va dudng kinh canh.
Phuong phap nghien cuu
- Tien hanh lap OTC tam thdi dien tich lOOOm^, xac djnh D| 3, HVN cac cay trong d;
tinh toan kich thudc cay tieu chuan; chgn, chat nga cay tieu chuan cua doan 2m den vj tri dudng kinh dau tren 6 cm, can khdi lugng tirng cay; bam dam cac cay mau tai xudng bam dam ciia Vien nghien ciru lam nghiep Viet Nam; xac djnh khdi lugng dam tuai; say dam d nhiet do 105°c cho tdi khi khdi lugng khdng ddi; tdng hgp sd lieu va tinh toan cac chi tieu nghien ciru tren phan mem Execl.
KET QUA NGHIEN CUU
Ket qua xac djnh ty suat dam va chat Ivtimg dam
Ty suat dam va ty suat dam cdng nghe la chi tieu bieu thj ket qua cua qua trinh sinh trudng, tang trudng cua cay rimg, la ket qua ciia viec ap dung cac bien phap ky thuat nudi dudng rimg cung nhu viec xac djnh thdi diem khai thac rimg.
131
Vii Vdn Thdng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 85(09)/2: 131-134 Trudc khi bam xac djnh khdi lugng gd trdn.
Sau khi bam, xac djnh khdi lugng phe lieu (xa), rieng phan dau mau, gd thira khdng bam dugc thanh dam se trir vao phan gd trudc khi bam, khdi lugng dam gd thu dugc bao gdm dam du kich thudc (dam cdng nghe), dam phe lieu.
Ket qua xac djnh ty suat dam va ty suat dam cdng nghe dugc tdng hgp d bang 1.
Tir sd lieu bang 1 cho thay: Ty suat dam bien ddng tir 95,29% din 98,47% va chiing cd xu hudng tang dan tir cd tudi 6 den ca tudi 14.
Ty suat dam cdng nghe bien ddng tir 80,26%
(tudi 6) den 85,74% (tudi 12), den tudi 14 ty suat dam cdng nghe giam xdng cdn 83,69%).
Binh quan chung ty suat dam cdng nghe dat 83,51%) so vdi nguyen lieu ban dau d cimg do Im quy ddi (3 + 5%), nhu vay, doi chilu vdi tieu chuan nganh, ty le nay thap hon mdt chut (tieu chuan can dat 85%). Sir khac nhau vl ty suat dam a cac mau cd the dugc giai thich nhu sau: O tudi cdn non, khi tien hanh bam dam do gd cdn non nen tao xa nhieu mat khac dudng kinh thudng nhd se lam cho ty le dam vun tang khi tien hanh sang sa bd, bd phan xa bj loai thai dan den ty le phe lieu Idn, ty suat dam giam. Khi tudi tang len dudng kinh tang ty le dam vun giam, mat khac den mgt giai do^n tudi nhat dinh, gd ldi dugc hinh thanh, khdi lirgng the tich tang va dat cue dai khi cay den tudi thanh thuc (nghTa la ham lugng "chat khd" trong gd cung tang dan tir tudi non va dat cue dai d tudi thanh thuc cdng nghe). Cay cd do tudi qua cao, gd thudng gidn cimg, khi bam dam de bj gay -vun lam cho ty suit dam giam, hoac xuat hien nhung phan gd gia mem, xdp anh hudng khdng tdt den ty suit dam cung nhu chat lugng dam. Day se la ca sd xac djnh tudi khai thac chinh cho rimg frdng keo la tram kinh doanh nguyen lieu van dam d doi tugng nghien cim.
Qua bang sd lieu tren day, budc dau cd the kit luan tudi khai thac chinh ciia rimg trdng Keo la tram kinh doanh nguyen lieu van dam la tudi 12.
Quan he giira ty suat dam (Q) va ty suat dam cong nghe (Qo) vdi tuoi (A) va mat do (N) Ty suat dam va ty suat dam cdng nghe la ca sd chgn lua nguyen lieu san xuat van dam. Bdi vi, ty suat dam cao hay thap cd anh hudng true tiep den gia thanh san pham cung nhu hieu qua sir dung ngudn nguyen lieu dd. Mat khac, quan trgng hon la thdng qua nghien ciru quan he giira ty suat dam va ty suat dam cdng nghe vdi tudi va mat do la ca sd de xay dung cac bien phap ky thuat lam sinh trong nudi dudng rimg Keo la tram ciing nhu viec xac djnh tudi khai thac chinh trong kinh doanh nguyen lieu van dam.
1. Ty sudt ddm
Ty suat dam la ty le giira khdi lugng dam thu dugc (dam cdng nghe, dam phe lieu) va khdi lugng nguyen lieu gd dua vao t^o dam (d ciing do am quy ddi). Trong nghien cim nay cac sd lieu tinh toan da quy ddi ve do am 3 -^ 5%). Viec xac lap quan he giua Q vdi tudi va mat do cho phep udc lugng gan diing Q ciia cay cQng nhu san lugng dam cua lam phan tuong ung vdi tuoi va cap mat do xac djnh.
Tir sd lieu Q cua 30 cay tieu chuan, da tien hanh tham dd quan he gi&a ty suat dam vdi tuoi, mat do lam phan qua mgt sd dang phuong frinh sau;
Q = ao+a,.A + a2.N + a3.AN (3.1)
Q = ao + a,.A-f a2.N (3.2) LnQ = ao + a,.A+a2. InN (3.3) Q = ao + a,.lnA+a2. InN (3.4) Ket qua xac djnh cac tham sd cua phuang
trinh bang phuong phap hdi quy dugc tong hgp d bang 2.
Bang 1. Ty suit ddm vd ty suit dam cdng nghe sau khi sly
Catudi 6 9 12 14
Bg
Mat dd (N/ha) 1534 1461 1426 1245
Gd frdn da quy ddi do am
(kg) 30,18 57,25 59,78 71,16 55,57
Thdnh phan Xa 1,41 1,19 1,12 1,08 1,19
gd sau khi bdm (kg) Dam
CN 24,23 48,27 51,25 59,54 46,63
Ddm phe lieu
4,54 7,80 7,40 10,55
7,75
Tdng dam (kg) 28,77 56,07 58,66 70.09 54,38
Ty suat ddm (%) 95,29 97,92 98,10 98,47 97,50
Ty suat ddmCN (%) 80,26 84,29 85,74 83,69 83,51
132
Vit Vdn Thdng
Bilu 2. Kit
Tap chi qua xac djnh quan
Phuong trinh
KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE
he giira ty suat ddm vdi tudi va mat dp 1;
r tr To5
85(09)/2:
am phan Cac tham so
131 - 134
PT Q= 96,9691+ 0,0092.A- 0,002329.N+ 0,00026.AN
Q= 93,0165+0,3737.A+0,0004,N LnQ= 4,5078+0,0038.A+0,0044.lnN Q = 85.5835+3.6878*lnA+0,4759*LnN
0,87 0,86 0,86 0,90
9,98 9,50 9,38 11,72
2,04 2,04 2,04 2,04
tdn tai tdn tai tdn tai tdn tai
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Nhdn xet: Giua ty suat dam vdi tudi va mat
do cua lam phan cd quan he chat (0,86 - 0,90), cac tham sd va he sd tuong quan deu tdn tai. Can cii vao he sd tuong quan da chgn phuong trinh (3.4) de md ta quan he gi&a ty suat dam vdi tudi va mat do lam phan, phuang trinh cu the la:
Q = 85.5835+3.6878.lnA+0,4759.LnN (3.4) 2. Ty sudt ddm cdng nghe (Q„)
Ty suat dam cdng nghe la ty le % giOa khdi lugng dam cdng nghe thu dugc (dam dii quy each) va khdi lugng nguyen lieu (gd) dua vao tao dam (d ciing do am quy ddi). Tu sd lieu thu thap dugc tai bang 3.1, da tham dd quan he gi&a Qo vdi tudi va mat do lam phan, ket qua xac djnh cac tham sd ciia phuong trinh dugc tdng hgp d bang 3.
Quan he giua ty suat dam vdi tudi va mat do lam phan thuc su tdn tai theo 3 dang phuang trinh tren d muc tuong ddi chat den chat, he sd tuang quan tu 0,60 den 0,90. Kit qua kiem tra cho thay, he sd tuong quan va cac tham sd deu tdn tai.
Can cir vao kit qua tren da chgn phuong trinh (3.7), vdi he sd tuong quan cao nhat, de bieu thj mdi quan he gi&a ty suat dam cdng nghe vdi tudi va mat do lam phan.
LnQo=4,4569 +0,0381 .InA + 0,0049.lnN (3.7) Nhu vay, trong mdt gidi ban nhat nhat djnh, khi tuoi va mat do Iam phan tang, ty suat dam cdng nghe tang. Sd dT cd hien tugng tren la do, khi tuoi tang Ien ty le gd giac giam trong khi dd gd Idi tang, khi bam dam lugng so se giam, dam cdng nghe tang. Khi mat do lam Bang 3. Kit qua xdc dinh quan he g:
phan cao kha nang tia canh tu nhien dien ra sdm dan den dudng kinh canh nhd, gd it mau mat khi dd bam dam lugng dam phe lieu (miin) se giam.
Nhu vay, trong mdt gidi ban nhat djnb mat do va tudi lam phan tang ty suat dam cdng nghe cang cao, nghTa la ty le Igi dung gd cang cao.
Day se la ca sd de de xuat bien phap ky thuat nudi dudng rimg Keo la tram lam nguyen lieu van dam.
3. Quan he giita Q vd Qo vdi sd cdnh (Nc) tren dom vi chieu ddi thdn cdy vd dudng kinh cdnh(Dc)
Nghien cim quan he giua ty suat dam va ty suat dam cdng nghe vdi sd canh fren 1 don vj chieu dai than cay va dudng kinh canh la co- sd de danh gia anh hudng ciia canh (mat gd) den ty suat dam va ty suat dam cdng nghe va la ca sd de de xuat bien phap kinh doanh riing lam nguyen lieu van dam. De tai da tham dd mdi quan he tren bang mdt sd dang phuang trinh, ket qua tinh toan cho thay cac dang phuong trinh nay deu cd he sd tuong quan d muc hai chat va tuong ddi chat. Cu the nhu sau:
+ Quan he gi&a ty suat dam vdi sd canh tren don vi chieu dai than cay:
Q% = 98,7319-0,4215.Nc (3.8) r = 0,68; t, = 4,86; t^ = 560,4; tt = 4,87; to5 = 2,04
+ Quan he giua ty suat dam cdng nghe vdi sd canh tren don vj chieu dai than cay:
Qo% = 87,0036 - I,7744.Nc (3.9) r = 0,71; tr = 4,9; ta = 128,4; tb = 5,3; to5 = 2,04
lira ty suat dam cdng nghe vdi A vd N
Phuong trinh tr Cac tham
so PT
Qo= 76,3714 + 4,5131 .InA - 0,4486.1nN Qo= 96,6565-1,1408.A-0.0122.N + 0,0011 .AN LnQo= 4,4569 +0,038l.lnA + 0,0049.lnN
0,60 0,62 0.90
4,23 4,48 11,63
2,05 2,05 2,05
ton tai tdn tai tdn tai
3.5 3.6 3.7
133
Vd Vdn Thdng
+ Quan he gi&a ty suat dam cdng nghe vdi dudng kinh canh trung binh tren than cay:
Qo = 87,4137-3,07149.lnDc (3.10) r = 0,42; t^ = 2,47; ta = 55,43; t^ = 2,47; tos = 2,04
Nhijn xet: Gi&a ty suat dam va ty suat dam cdng nghe thuc su tdn tai quan he vdi sd canh tren don vi chieu dai than cay d muc tuong doi chat din chat. Dieu dd chung to rang so canh (mIt gd) cd anh hudng rd net den ty suat dam va ty suat dam cdng nghe. Ty suat dam cdng nghe cd quan he vdi dudng kinh canh, khi dudng kinh canh tang ty suat dam cdng nghe giam.
KET L U A N
- Ty suit dam bien ddng tu 95,29% den 98,47%o tang dan tu ca tudi 6 den cd tudi 14.
Ty suat dam cdng nghe cung bien ddi tuong tu ty suat dam, ty suat dam cdng nghe bien ddng tu 80,26% (tuoi 6) den 85,74% (tuoi 12), den tudi 14 ty suat dam cdng nghe giam xudng cdn 83,69%.
- Gi&a ty suat dam vdi tudi va mat do cua lam phan cd quan he chat. Phuong trinh md ta quan he nay la; Q = 85.5835+3.6878.lnA+0,4759.LnN
- Quan he giija ty suat dam cdng nghe vdi tudi va mat do lam phan dugc the hien bang
Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 85(09)/2: 131 - 134 phuang trinh sau: LnQo= 4,4569 +0,0381.InA + 0,0049.InN
- Ty suat dam va ty suit dam cdng nghe thuc sir tdn tai quan he vdi sd canh tren dan vj chieu dai than cay d muc tuong doi chat den chat.
- Ty suit dam cdng nghe cd quan he ty le nghjch vdi dudng kinh canh trung binh tren than cay, khi dudng kinh canh tang ty suat dam cdng nghe giam.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[I ]. Bp NN&PTNT (1997), Du dn phdt triin sdn xudt 1 trieu m^ vdn nhdn tao vdo ndm 2010. Ha Npi.
[2]. Hd Xudn Cdc, Hua Thj Hudn (1994), Cong ngh?
san xuit van dam g6. Hoi ky thuat lam nghiep TP Ho Chi Minh.
[3]. Hoang Thuc De (1993). Tdng quan cdu tao tinh chdt ca vdt ly gd Keo tai tuang vd khd ndng sic dung de sdn xudt vdn ddm vd vdn bde, Bao cao long ket de tai cap bp. Ha Tay.
[4]. Hoang Tien Ducmg (2000), Chuyen de long luan vi vdn ddm, Vien KHLN Viet Nam.
[5]. Hira Thj Huan (1997), Cdng ngh? sdn xudt vdn nhdn tao, Trucmg Dai hpc Nong lam TP. Ho Chi Minh.
[6]. Tieu chudn nganh 04TCN (2003),Go' trdn kich thuac nho ldm nghuyen lieu san xudt vdn ddm, yeu cdu ky thudt vd phucmg phdp xdc dinh. Ha Npi.
[7]. Tieu chuan nganh 04TCN (2002), Ddm go, yeu cdu ky thudt chung. Ha Noi.
SUMMARY
E F F E C T STUDY OF AGE AND DENSITY ON CHIPWOOD RATE AND TECHNOLOGY CHIPWOOD RATE OF ACACIA (ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS
A. CUNN EX BENTH) PLANTING IN THAI NGUYEN HO
Vu Van Thong College of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU - Chipwood rate varied from 95.29% to 98.47% increases from age 6 to age 14. Technology chipwood rate increases from the age of 6 (80.26%) to age 12 (85.74%), age 14 technology chipwood rate reduced to 83.69%.
- The chipwood rate with age and species density are close correlation. The equation describing this correlation is; Q = 85,5835 +3,6878. LNA +0,4759. LnN
- The correlation between the technology chipwood rate with age and species density are represented by the following equation: LnQO = 4,4569 +0,0381. LNA + 0,0049. LnN
- Between the chipwood rate and technology chipwood rate really exist correlations with branches per unit stem length at relatively close to very close.
The ratio of technology chipwood is correlated to stem diameter relatively close to very close, the stem diameter increase then the ratio of technology chipwood reduces.
Key words: chipwood rate, technological chip-wood rate, acacia
Tel; 0912 010 997; Email; [email protected]
