KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
BIEIXI OdiMG C H A T LUOIXIG IXIUDC M A T
TREIXl SOIXIG H A U TROIXIG PHAIVI VI THi TRAIXI IVlAl D A M , HUYEIXl C H A U THAIXIH, TilXIH H A U GIAIXIG
Nguyen Vdn Cdng^, Tran Sy NamS Hujnh Vdn ThdoS H u ^ C6ng KhdnhS Nguygn Tlu ThiiyS Pham Vdn Tuoi^ Pham Qudc Nguyfin^
T6MTAT
Chat lugng nuoc m$t tren s6ng Hau trong pham vi thi tran Mai D ^ , huy?n Chau Thanh, tinh Hau Giang dupc quan h-ac tir t h ^ g 3/2017 den thang 3/2018 nham cung cap thong tin moi trudng pbuc vu cho danh gi^ tac dong cua phat tri^n kinh te xa hoi trong pham vi ngbien oiu sau nay. Mau nuac mat tai 13 di^m trong pham vi ngbien cim duac thu m6i thang mot lin vao tbdi diem trieu kiet nhat trong thang de phan tich cac thong so pH, N-NOj-, N-NO;,. N-NH/, P-PO,^, COD, BOD5, TSS, As, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe,i„^ va phenol.
K^t qua cho thay cac thong so pH, N-NO3, P-P04'^, As, Cd, Cu, Pb va phenol d^u thap hon gioi ban quy dinh t^ cpt A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT Co 18% mhi nuac mat co nong dp N-NH; vupt gioi ban QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT (cot A2) tir 1,03 den 2,53 lan, 20% mhu co thong sd N-NO;,- cao hon giai han tir 1,2 den 5 lin, 60% mSu thu co sat t6ng vupt gioi han tir 1,01-3,86 lan va 65% mau thu co TSS vupt gioi han nuoc cap sinh boat tii 1,03-3,93 lan. Chira phat hien nbung suy giam bat thuong chat luong nuac trong pham vi nghien ciiu. Can tiep tuc theo doi cac thong so vupt chuan de co canh bao kip thoi.
Tit kh6a: Chat lupng nude mat, song Hau, thi tian Mai Dam, tinh Hau Giang.
1. GHHIHEU
Khu cong nghiep (KCN) Song Hau tga lac ben ba song Hau, tbuoc huyen Chau Thanh, tinh Hau Giang. Khu cong nghidp duoc thanh lap vao nam 2007 vol tong dien tich 290,79 ha. Do vi hi thuan lpi cho giao thong thuy va bo nen KCN da va dang thu hiit dirpc nhieu nha dau tu. Hien nay da eo 15 cong ty, xi nghidp dang boat dpng trong KCN [1]. Mpt sd nha may Ion vtra moi dau tir vao KCN nay nbu Nha may giiiy Lee&Man (giai doan 1) vua di vao v^n hanh chinh thiic dau nam 2018, nha may nhi^t dien Song Hau dang xay dung va se di vao boat dpng trong thai gian rat gan. Hien nay KCN nay vln chira co he thong thu gom, quan ly va xu ly nuoe thai tap trung.
Cae cong ty, xi nghiep phai tu thu gom, quan ly va xu ly nuoc thai dat ehuan xa thai. Neu he thong xu ly nuoe thai eua mot hay nhieu nha may gap su co thi se de dpa nghiem frpng den nuoe mat.
0 nhi^m moi truang do cac boat dong eong nghidp va anh htrong cua no den chat Iuong nuoc va doi s6ng smh vat da duoc nghifen cuu va tong ket
Truong Dai hpc Cin Tho
" Hpc vien cao hpc. Tnrcmg Dai hoc Can Tha Truang Dai hpc Dong Thdp
Email: [email protected] vn
mgt so noi tren the gioi. Theo Ningombam et al.
(2011) [2] dac diem nuoc thai nganh giay b mi^n Nam An Dp co ham lupng cac chat 6 nhi^m rat cao, thong so TSS dao dpng hr 80-90 mg/L, COD ttr 1.120- 1.160 mg/L. Raaz etal (2012) [3] cho ring nuac thai tir nha may tai che giay eo ham lupng TSS hi 700- 1.500 mg/L, BOD ttr 124192 mg/L, COD tii 961- 1.276 mg/L. Nguon 6 nhilm nay neu khong dugc quan ly tot se anh hirong nghiem trpng den con nguoi va moi truong.
Song Hau la nguon cung cap nuoc chu yeu eho sinh boat va eac boat dgng kinh te quan trgng khac nhu nuoi trong thiiy san, san xuat nong nghiep,...
cua nguoi dan d6ng blng song Cuu Long (DBSCL).
Khi xay ra nii ro trong quan ly xa thai eo the lam moi truong nuoc bi 6 nhiSm, gay anh huong den cac boat dgng sinh ke cua nguoi dan. Hien nay Nha may nhiet dien Song Hau dang xay dung, Nha may Lee&Man trong giai doan vira hoan thanh van banh thu nghiem tii thang 4/2017 va di vao van hanh chinh thiic dau quy 2 nam 2018. Ngbien cuu nay dupc thuc hien tir tnroe khi xa thai va giai doan dau xa thai eua nha may Lee & M;m. Day la so Ueu rat quan trong va can thiet de lam ea sa eho danh gia lai moi truong nuoc khu vuc nghien ctm sau nay.
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHl 2. PHUDNG PHAP NGHBI Ciiu
2.1. Th6i gian vi ph^on vi nghifin ciiu Nghien ciiu dupc thuc hiSn tir thang 3/2017 den thang 3/2018. Miu nuac duoc thu tai 13 d l t e trSn song Hau doan tir Nha may nhitt di6n sdng Hau d &
vam c a va song Mai Dfai doan tir can M " '^*™ ^™
vam Mai Dam. Nhimg diem thu mau n. • ""m T™g khu vuc ti^p nhan va co t h i chiu anh hiroaig cua nuoc thai tir KCN Song Hau, dac diem cua limg vi tri khao sat dtroc t h i hi6n crbang 1.
Ky hieu Tgado(X:Y)
Bangl.K»hl6u,ti)ad6Yi>dacdigmcAcYilrithumau 9° 56.186'N
105° 53.456'E
Vi tri va dac diem khao sat
Tren song Hau, each dilm xa nuoc thai san xuat cua Nha may giay Lee&Man khoang 1.100 m phia ha nguon song Hau.
9° 56.323'N 105»53.302'E
Tren song Hau, each diem xa nuoc thai san xuat cua Nha may giay Lee&Man khoang 650 m phia ha nguon song Hau, gan rach thoat nuoc nong nghilp.
9° 56.499'N 105° 53.062'E
Trin song HSu, each diem xa nuoc thai san xuat ciia Nha may giay Lee&Man khoang 250 m phia ha nguon song Hau, gan noi xa thai cua Nha may che bien thuy san Long Phu.
9° 56.550'N
105» 52.987'E Tren song H^u, noi nhan niroc thai san xuat cua Nha may giay Lee&Man.
9° 56.636'N 105" 52.872'E
Tr6n song Hau, each dilm xa nuoc thai san xuat cua Nha may giay Lee&Man khoang 230 m ve phia thuong nguon song Hau, noi xa niroc mua chay tran cua Nha may Lee&Man qua c6ng.
9° 56.699'N 105° 52.788'E
Tren song Hau, each diem xa nuoc thai san xuat cua Nha may giay Lee&Man khoang 450 m ve phia thuong nguin song Hau, noi xa nuoc mua chay tran ciia Nh^ may Lee&Man qua cong.
9° 56.737'N 105° 52.743'E
Trin song Hau, each dilm xa nuoc thai san xuat cua Nha may giay Lee&Man khoang 650 m ve phia thucmg nguon s i n g Hau, noi xa nuoc mua chay tran cua Nha may Lee&Man qua cong.
9° 56.940'N 105° 52.409'E
Tren song Hau (bophai cua song Mai Dam noi tilp giap voi song Hau), each dilm xa nuoc thai san xuat cua Nha may giay Lee&Man khoang 1.200 m ve phia thupng nguin song Hau va each KCN Song Hau 1.900 m, gan chp Mai Dam va khu dan cu.
9° 56.767'N 105°52.452'E
Trin song Mai Dam, each song Hau khoang 300 m, noi xa niroc mua chay tran cua Nha may Lee&Man qua cong va khu vuc nuoi ca long.
9° 56.348'N 105" 52.461'E
Tren song Mai Dam, each song Hau khoang 1.200 m, noi xa nuoc mua chay tran va nuoc thai sinh hoat khu tap the cong nhan cua Nha may Lee&Man qua cong.
9° 57.515'N 105° 51.703'E
Trfin song Hau (phia sau Trung tSm Dien lire Song H^u), each dilm so 8 (cua song Mai Ddm) khoang 650 m.
9» 57.326'N 105" 51.937'E
Tren song Hau (Phia sau Nha may Nhiet di|n Song Hau 1), each dilm st) f khoang 1.100 m; dang thi cong xay dimg cang ciia Nha may Nhifit di|n Song Hau.
13 9° 57.183'N 105° 52.115'E
Trin song Hau, each KCN Sing Hau khoang 200 m va each diem so 8 khoang 1.500 m.
2.2.T&isuAthumftu MSu nuoc da dupc thu mOi vao ngay tnlu kiet hong thang thang theo iim lich).
2.3. Phtrong phip thu, bio quan va phto tich mSu Ihang mpt lan va thu Thu, bao quan mSu nuoc mat va phan tich cac (ngay miing 10 hang chi deu chat lupng nuoc nhu (pH, DO. TSS, BODj, ,, As, Cu, COD. N-NH/, N-NO,, .N-NO,, P-PO-
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HQC CdNG NGHE Cd, Pb va phenol) dtrpe thuc hien theo Thong tu so
29/2011/Tr-BTNMT [4] va Thong tu s6 21/2012/Tr-BTNMT [5]. Thong so pH va DO dupe do tai hi^n trudng bang may do pH va may do DO.
cae ehi tieu con lai dupe thu miu va phan tich tai phong thi nghi&m voi phuang phap dupe the hi^n b bang 2.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Thing so chat lupng nu6c
pH DO TSS BOD5 COD N-NH4*
N-NO2 N-NOj- P-PO/
^^tfing
As Cu Cd Pb phenol
Donvi
mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
Phupng phap phan tich
Dc tai hien trudng bang may CTOA-DKK, model: HM-31P, Nhat Ban) Do tai hien huong bang may (TOA-DKK, model: D0-31P, Nhat Ban) Phuong phap lpc, say va can khei lupng voi giay lpc 0,45 fim Thep TCVN 6001-1:2008 va TCVN 6001-2:2008
Phuong phap K2Cr207 Phuong phap Indophenol blue Phuong phap Colorimetric Phuong phap Salicylate Phuong phap Ascorbic acid Theo TCVN 6177:1996 Theo TCVN 6177:1996 Theo US. EPA Phuong phap 200.7 Theo US. EPA Phuong phap 200.7 Theo US. EPA Phuong phap 200.7 Theo TCVN 7874:2008 2.4. Phuotig ph^p xir 1^ s6 li^u v^ ddnh gid
So \\hu dupe tmh trung bmh timg di^m roi so sanh voi gioi ban quy dinh tai QCVN 08:MT/2015/BTNMT [6] va QCVN 38/2011/
BTNMT [7]. So heu dupe phan tich phuong sai one- way ANOVA va ap dung kiem dinh Duncan d^ so sanh hung binh giua eae diem. Sai khac co y ngbia thong ke dupc tinh khi p<0,05. So lieu duoc xir ly biing phan mem SPSS 13.0.
8.KETqUAVATHA0LUdni
3.1. D i ^ bi^n tfadng s5 pH nu6c m$t
Ket qua eho thay gia tii pH qua 13 dpt thu mSu dao dpng tir 6,51-7,74, eao nhat la dpt thang 3/2017 va thElp nhat h-ong dpt khao sat thang 8/2017. Gia tr\
pH trung binh tai eac diem khao sat dao dpng trong khoang 6,99-7,15, cao nhat tai di^m s6 8 va thap nhat tai diem so 1 (Hinh 1).
Ket qua thong ke eho thay gia tri ti-ung binh thong sd pH khong khac bi6t gitra cae diem thu mau (p>0,05). Nhin ehung, pH nu6c dii co bien dong giua
cac diem va thoi gian nhtmg vin trong giai ban cho phep quy dinh tai Cot A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6]. Ket qua pH nuoc thang 3/2017 va thang 3/2018 gan giong nhau (Hinh 1). Qua do eho thay eac hoat dong san xuat, kinh doanh trong va quanh pham vi nghien euu ehua eo anh huong ro ret d^n pH nuoc.
pH nuoc trong vung phu bop ebo nuoc cap sinh hoat va bao ve dai s6ng thuy sinh vat.
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> 9 -m-mig
< T 3 - ! 0 l !
Hinh 1. Di§n b i ^ pH cua nu6c m$t qua cdc dpt thu mSu
KHOA HPC C 6 N G NGHl
3.2. T6ng eh^t rdn la limg (TSS)
Gia tt-i TSS cua nuoc qua 13 dgt thu miu dao dpng Ion, hr 6,0-118,0 mg/L, eao nhat vao thang 8/2017 va thap nhat vao thang 3/2018. Gia hi TSS trung binh tai cac diem khao sat dao dpng trong khoang 39,4-54,0 mg/L, cao nhat tai diem so 2 va thap nhat tai diem so 10, gia tri TSS trung binh vuat QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6] (cpt A2) tir 1,3-1,8 lan (Hinb 2). TSS trung binh eao a cac diem 1-4 co the do ehiu anh huong cua viec xa nuoc thai san xuat eiia Nha may giay Lee&Man. Vi di^m 4 la diem true ti^p nhan nuoe thai san xuat ciia Nha may Lee&Man va 1- 3 la diem duoi nguon. Thuc te eho thay dau ra nuoc thai eiia nha may nay thai ra song Hau Uen tue va lam xao dpng nen day. M i u nuoe b eac diem 11-13 co trung binh TSS cao co th^ do anh huong cua viec xay dung cau cang cua Nha may Nhiet dien Song Hau.
Hinh 2. DiSn bi^n TSS cijia nu6c m^t qua c i c dpt tiiu mau
Ket qua thong ke eho thay gia tri trung binh thong so TSS khae biet khong co y ngbia giua eae diem khao sat (p>0,05). So Ueu phan tich 169 mau TSS duoe thu trong toan vimg thi co 65% miu eao hon giai ban quy dmh tai cot A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6). Tuy nhien, khi so sanh vai gim ban quy dinh tai QCVN 38:2011/BTNMT [7] ve bao v$ diri s6ng thuy sinb vat thi ebi eo 3% so miu vupt (Hinh 2). Ket qua sd Ueu quan trie chat lupng nuoc mat tr^n song Hau thuoe pham vi huyen Chau Thanh, tinh Hau Giang nam 2016 cua So-Tai nguyen va Moi trudng tinh Hau Giang cung eho tbay TSS cao ban QCVN 38:2011/BTNMT [7]. Nhin chung, gia tri TSS cao a cac thang miia mira va thap a cac thang miia kho.
3.3. Nhu ciu oxy sinh h6a (BODs)
Ket qua (Hinh 3) ebo tbay gia tri BOD5 qua 13 dpt thu mlu dao dpng tir 1,04-6,48 mg/L, cao nhat la dgt thang 2/2018 va thap nhat trong dpt thang
9/2017. Gia tn BOD5 himg binh tai cac diem khao sat dao dpng frong khoang 2,58-3.68 mg/L, cao nhat tai di^m s6 5 va thap nhat tai diem sd 4 va khac bi^t khong cd y nghia giiia cac di^m khao sat (p>0,05).
Hinh 3. Difin bi6i BOD5 cua nir6c m | t qua cdc dgt thu mau
Nhu eau oxy sinh hoa BOD5 la mot yeu td phan anh miic dO 6 nhi6m chat huu eg dfi phan buy trong nude. Ket qua eung cho thay tr^n toan vimg khao sat cd 166/169 mau thap hon gidi ban quy dinh tai cpt A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6] va 3/169 mdu (chi^m 1,8%) d" cac di^m 5, 6, 8 ed gia tri cao ban quy chudn nay Hr 1,01 den 1,08 lan (Hmh 4). Mtic vugt nay la khong dang ke.
3.4. Nhu cdu oxy hda hpe (COD)
K^t qua d-hinh 4 cho thay gia tri COD qua 13 dgt thu mdu dao ddng hr 2,48-15,26 mg/L, cao nh^t la dgt thang 11/2017 va tiiap nhat ti-ong dpt thang 9/2017.
Gia tri trung binh COD tai cdc diem idiao sat dao dpng trong khoang 6,53-9,20 mg/L, eao nh^t tai dilm sd 9 va thap nhat tai diem sd 3 va khae bifit khong cd y nghia giua cde diem khao sat (p>0,05).
Hinh 4. Difin bi^n COD ciia nuoc mdt qua cdc dgt thu miu
Trong tdng sd 169 mdu COD khao sat thi ed 99%
thap ban giai ban quy dinh tai cpt A2 QCVN 08-2015/BTNMT [6]. Mdu nuoc tai cdc 'li^m 8. 9 a
100 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
dpt thdng 11/2017 cd ndng dp COD cao hon gidi ban cot A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6], nhung ehi vugt tir 1,01-1,02 lan. Theo Ningombam etal (2011) [2] va Raaz etal. (2012) [3], nude thai nhd may giay vd tdi che giay ed COD khodng 1000 m g / L Ket qua eho thay chua cd dau hifiu suy giam chat luang nude mat sdng Hdu nghifim trpng qua thdng sd COD ke tir khi Nha may giay Lee&Man xa nude thai sau xir ly vdo song Hau (thdng 4/2017). Su chenh lech khong Ion giiia thong sd BOD va COD cho thay cdc mdu nuoe chiia ede chat hiiu eo la ehu ydu, cdc chat doe hai khd phan buy khong nhi^u. BOD vd COD khong vugt chuan b di^m tiep nhan nuoc thai san xuat cua Nha may giay Lee&Man ma cao d' eae diem noi nhan nude chay tran va vam Mai Dam (noi chiu anh huong nude tiiai sinh hoat vd thuong mai, dich vu tir thi tran Mai Dam). Trong thdi gian nghien cuu la giai doan vdn hdnh thu nghiem cua Nhd may giay Lee&Man va ho^t ddng xd thai cila nha mdy ndy cung da va dang dugc xa hoi quan tam nen nude thai dugc quan ly vd xu ly rat nghifim ngat Vific duy tri cong tac quan ly nghifim ngat nay can dugc quan tam va duy tri thudng xuyfin trong tuong lai.
3.5. Oxy hba tan (DO)
Ket qua d' hinh 5 eho thay gia tri DO qua 13 dgt thu mdu dao d6ng tir 3,51-6,73 mg/L, eae diem cd DO cao la dgt tiiang 3/2018. Gia tn DO hung bmh tiii ede di^m khao sdt dao dpng trong khoang 4,74- 5,13 mg/L, cao nhat tai diem sd 12 va thap nhat tai diem sd 2 va khde bifit khong cd y nghia giira ede di^m khao sdt (p>0,05). Nghifin eiiu ti-fin song Hau cQng eho thay hdm lupng DO dao dong tir 4,3-7,8 mg/L [8].
Hmh 5. Difin bi^n DO qua cdc dgt thu mdu So vdi gidi han quy dinh tai cpt A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6] tiii cd 49% mau tiiu eao ban vd 51% CO gid tri thap hon gidi han quy dinh tai cpt A2 quy ehuan nay, ede gia hi DO thap nay bdng 70-99%
so vdi gioi han quy dinh tai edt A2. Tuy nhien, neu so vdi gidi han quy dinh eua QCVN 38:2011/BTNMT [7] vk cbat luong nude cho mue dieh bao vfi ddi sdng tiiuy sinh tiii cd den 96,5% mdu tiiu ed DO ldn hon 4 mg/L (Hmh 6). Khde vdi cdc tiidng sd khde, DO eao hon QCVN la dau hieu ehi tiii nude sach. Khi DO thdp hay thieu hut se dnh hirdng den ddi song thuy smh vat [9]. Nhin ehung, gid tri DO cao nhat b dgt tiiang 3/2018 va tiiap nhat a dgt tiidng 8/2017.
3.6. Amoni (N-NH4O
Ndng dp dam Amoni (N-NH4O cua mrdc mat qua 13 dgt thu mdu dao ddng tir 0,01-0,76 mg/L, cao nhat Id dot thang 8/2017 vd tiiap nhat trong dgt tiidng 3/2017. Gid hi N-NH^* trung bmh tai ede diem khao sdt dao dpng trong khoang 0,13-0,25 mg/L, cao nhat tai diem sd 4 vd tiiap nhat tai di^m sd 9 (Hinh 6) vd khde bifit khong cd y nghia giiia cde di^m khdo sdt (p>0,05).
Hinh 6. Difin bi^n N-NH4* ciia nude mdt qua cdc dgt tiiumSu
Ket qua cho thay trfin todn vimg nghifin cuu cd 82% man thu ed N-NH^"^ thap hon giai ban quy dinh tai cpt A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6] va 18% mdu cd gia tri cao ban quy ehuan nay. Tuy nhifin, 100% mau deu cd gia tri nhd bon gioi ban quy dinh cua QCVN 38:2011/BTNMT [7]. Nhin chung, chat luong nude tai vi tri cde diem khao sat cd the su dung cho muc dich cap nuoc sinh boat nhung phai dp dung cong nghfi xir ly phii hgp (Hinh 6). Tuy nhifin, nhin chung ndng dp amoni trong nude da sd deu eao hon sd heu liic nha may chira xa thai (thdng 3/2017).
3.7. Nibite (N-NO;)
Kfit qua b hinh 7 cho thay gid tri thong sd N-NO,"
qua 13 dgt thu mdu dao dpng tir 0,01-0,25 mg/L, eao nhat Id dgt thdng 4/2017 vd thap nhat trong dgt thang 3/2017. Gid tri N-NO2" trung binh tai eae diem khao sdt dao dpng trong khoang 0,02-0,04 mg/L, cao NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HQC C 6 N G NGHl nhat tai diim s6 10 va thap nhat tai diem so 2 va khac
biet khong co y nghia giiia cac dilm khao sat {p>0,05).
N02 (mg/L)
Hinh 7. Difin bi^n N-NO2" ciia ninic m$t qua cac dgt thu mdu
K^t qua cho thay cd 80% mdu thu ed nitrite thap hon gidi ban quy dinh tai cpt A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6]. Tuy nhien, a dgt tiiu mau tiiang 4/2017 gid tri N-NOg" tat ed 13 diem khao sat d^u cao ban QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6] (cpt A2) tir 2-5 ldn (Hinh 7); ddy Id thdng dau hfin sau khi Nhd may gidy Lee&Man xa thai. Cd the do mdi di vdo van hdnh he thdng xu ly nfin boat ddng cua hfi tiidng chua ed hifiu suat xir ly cao nhung sau dd dn dinh ddn. Nitrite Id chdt cd co che gay hai cho sinh vdt qua ldm gidm kha nang chuyfin chd- oxy cua te bao mdu di nuoi CO the [101.
3.8. Nitrate (N-NOj-)
(p>0.05). Tat cd mdu nuoe dfiu cd gia tri niuate nho hon gicri ban cgt A2 QCVN 08:201 hlMVlT [6].
Nhm chung, ehi tinh rifing tiion'-r so ndy tiii chat lugng niroc tai vi tri cdc diem khao sat cd tii^ su dung eho muc dicb cap nuoc smh boat nhung phdi ap dung cong nghfi xu ly phii hgp vd cde muc dieh khde nbu bdo vfi dai sdng tiniy sinh, hidi tieu, giao tiidng thiiy.
3.9. Phosphate (P-PO4*)
Ket qud a hmh 9 cho tiiay gid tri tiiong sd lan phosphate (P-P04^) qua 13 dgt tiiu mau dao dpng ttr 0,01-0,1 mg/L, cao nhat Id dgt tiiang 4/2017 vd tiidp nhat trong dot tiidng 3/2018. Gia h i P-POi^ hung binh tai cde difim khdo sdt dao dpng trong khoang 0,03-0,05 mg/L, eao nhat tai difim sd 2 vd ttiap nhdt tai diem sd 7 vd khac bifit khdng cd y nghia giiia cac diem khao sdt (p>0,05). Tuong tu nhu nitrat tdt cd mdu thu dfiu ed lan thap hon gidi ban cpt A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT[61.
P04(mgn.)
Hinh 9. Difin bifin P-PO^* cua nude qua cdc dgt thu mSu
3.10. Sdt t6ng(Fetfag)
Hmh 8. Difin bifin N-NO3" ciia nude mdt qua cdc dgt tiiu mdu
Ket qua d hinh 8 cho thay gid tri thong sd nitrate qua 13 dgt thu mdu dao dong tir 0,02-0,72 mg/L, cao nhdt la dpt tiiang 5/2017 va thdp nhat trong dot thdng 3/2017. Gia tri N-NO^' trung binh tai cac diem khao sat dao dfing trong khodng 0,33-0,38 mg/L. cao nhat tai diem sd 10 vd thdp nhdt tai diem so 5 vd khac bifit khong cd y nghia giiia cdc difim khdo sdt
Sli ting (mg/L)
Hinh 10. Di&i b i & s i t tdng dia mi6c mjt qua c4c dot thu miu
Ket qua a hinh 10 cho thay p In hung so Fe,,,,, qua 13 dgt thu miu dao dpng tmmj; ddi Ion to 0,32-
102 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HQC CdNG NGHfi 3,86 mg/L, cao nhat Id dpt thang 8/2017 va thap nhat
trong dgt thdng 3/2018. Gid tri trung binh Fet^^^ tai cde difim khdo sat dao dfing trong khoang 1,20-1,51 mg/L, cao nhdt tai diem so 5 va thap nhat tai diem sd 10 vd khde bifit khdng cd y nghia giQa cdc diem khao sat(p>0,05).
So vdi cdt A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6] tiii 60% mdu nude cd ndng dp Fe^„g. cao ban gidi ban va khi so sdnh vdi cot Bl QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6]
thi cd dfin 36% mdu thu cao hon quy ehuan nay. Vao cdc tiiang dau miia mua (thdng 6, 7, 8, 9, 10/2017) Ye,&ae trong nude mat tai cdc difim khao sat deu ed gia hi vugt gidi ban cfit A2 (1 mg/L) QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6] tiidm chi cd mot sd dgt gid ti-i Fe,dn£ vugt ea c6t Bl (Hinh 10). Nhin chung, ehi tinh rifing tiiong sd Fe^^^ thi chat lupng nude tai hau hfit cac diem khao sat kh6ng phii hgp eho nude cap sinh hoat, bdo vfi doi sdng thuy sinh vat vd ea canh tdc n6ng nghifip. Ket qua quan trdc thong sd nay trong niroc s6ng Hdu tren dia phdn huyen Chdu Thanh cua Trung tdm Quan trie va Ky thuat m6i trudng Hdu Giang nam 2017 cung eho thay thang 8 vd thang 10 sat tdng vupt cot A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT [6] tir 24,2 lan. Hdu Giang cd vimg trung phen nhu d Phung Hifip, dau miia mua thudng ldm rira tr6i cdc ion sat trong dat ra moi trudng, ldm giam pH nude.
Tuy nhifin difim nghifin cuu nay rat xa huyen Phung Hifip va chiu anh hudng cua sdng Hdu Id cbu yfiu. Vi vdy, nguyfin nhan va ngudn gdc lam ndng dp sdt trong nude mat cao can dugc tifip tuc theo doi va tim bieu.
3.11. Arsen (As), ddng (Cu), chi (Pb) vd cadimi (Cd)
Cde nguyfin td As, Cu, Pb, va Cd trong nude a tat ca cdc difim dfiu dudi nguong phat hifin (0,005 mg/L cho As, 0,002 mg/L eho As, 0,0002 mg/L cho Pb, va 0,001 mg/L cho Cd) trong sudt cac dgt thu mdu.
Theo QCVN 08/2015/BTNMT [6] tiii gidi han eho phep cot Al eua As la 0,01 mg/L, Cu Id 0,02 mg/L, Pb la 0,005 mg/Lva Cd Id 0,1 mg/L. Qua dd cho tiiay nude mat trong pham vi nghifin cuu luon cd ndng dp cdc nguyen td kmi loai AS, Cu, Pb va Cd dat ehuan su dung cho nude cap smh boat.
3.12. Phenol
Do phat smh y tudng trong khi thuc hifin nghifin cuu nen thong sd phenol dupc kifim tra tir thdng 6/2017 dfin tiiang 3/2018. Kfit qua cho tiiay tir thdng 6 dfin tiiang 11 nam 2017 tat ed ede diem thu mdu dfiu cd ndng dp phenol dudi nguong phdt hifin (0,00047 mg/L). Tuy nhifin, tir tiidng 12/2017 dfin thdng 3/2018 mpt sd diem cd nong do phenol trong nude duoc phdt bifin d nong dp tir 0,00056 mg/L dfin 0,00346 mg/L (Bang 3). Tbeo QCVN08/2015/
BTNMT [6] tiii gidi han phenol h-ong ept Al la 0,005 mg/L. Qua dd ebo thdy dii phenol da phdt hifin d mot sd diem h-ong giai doan tir thang 12/2017 dfin thang 3/2018 nhimg gid h-i vdn chua vupt gidi ban quy dinh ebo nude cap sinb boat. Tuy nhifin, su xuat bifin phenol thucmg xuyen d' cdc dpt tiiu mdu cudi can duac quan tdm tim hifiu nguon phdt smh vi ddy Id chat doe kha nguy hiem.
Diem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Bang 3. N6ng do phenol trong nuiic a cac d i t o thu mau Nong do phenol (m
12/2017 0,00346 0,00243 0,00062
<dl
<dl
<dl
<dl 0,00098
<dl
<dl
<dl
<dl
<dl QCVN 08/2015/BTNMT (Cot A2)
QCVN 38/2011/BTNMT
01/2018
<dl 0,00183 0,00056
<dl
<dl
<dl
<dl
<dl
<dl
<dl
<dl
<dl
<dl
?/L) 02/2018
0,00098
<dl
<dl 0.00056
<dl
<dl
<dl 0,00128
<dl
<dl 0,00146
<dl
<dl
03/2018 dl 0,00068
<dl
<dl 0,00056 0,00159 0,00292
<dl
<dl 0,00134
<dl
<dl 0,00195 0,005 mg/L
0,005 mg/L
dl - 0,00047mg/L
KHOA HQC CONG NGHfi
Tom lai, qua khao sat to thang 3/2017 d^n thang "hat la khi Nha may Nhiet dita Song Hau di vao hojt 3/2018 tren pham vi nghien ciiu cho thay cac thong ^WS hay chap thuan cho Nha may san xuat Thep so luon dat QCVN08/2015/BTNMT [6] va QCVN
38/2011/BTNMT [71 bao gom pH, N-NO3, P-PO,^, As, Cu, Pb, Cd va phenol. Cac thong sd con lai co ty 14 vuot cot A2 QCVN08/2015/BTNMT [6] tii 1-68%
va QCVN 38:2011/BTNMT [7] to 3-31% (Bang 4).
Qua do cho thay Ban quan ly KCN cflng nhu chinh quyen dia phuong can quan tam hon trong cong tac quan ly chat lugng niroc thai tir khu cong nghiep.
Bang 4. So lugng vk ty 1$ mSu nuoc dat QCVN 08/2015/BTNMT
cua Cong ty Sun dau to va nhiing hoat dong cap phep cho cac dit an dau to mm 6 KCN. Ben canh do, c ^ xay dung he thong xu ly nuoc thai tap trung cho KCN de cd M kiSm soat duoc chat lirong nuoc thai hong dieu kien tinh hinh h u luong ngudn nuoc ngpt tren sdng ngay cang suy giam vao miia khd do anh huong cua han ban va giam nguon nuoc to thupng nguon song Me Kdng.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Chi tieu pH DO TSS BOD5 COD N-NH,*
N-NOj- N-NOj- P-PO/
Fe,s„
As Cu Cd Pb Phenol
Donvi
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
QCVN 08/2015/BTNMT Cot
A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 Al Al Al Al Al
Ndng dp quy dinh 5-8,5
> 5 30 6 15 0,3 0,05
5 0,2 1 0,01
0,1 0,005
0,02 0,005
Miu dat vdi QCVN 08/2015/BTNMT So lirong mau
169 83 59 166 167 139 135 169 169 68 169 169 169 169 130
% miu dat 100 49 35 98,2
99 82 80 100 100 40 100 100 100 100 100 4. KET LUAN Vii BE NGHI
C h a t l u p n g mrdc m a t d u p e k h a o sdt t r o n g v i m g n g h i e n eiiu d e u k h o n g k h a c b i e t g i u a ede d i e m (p>0,05). C h u a p h a t hifin n h m g b a t t h u o n g s u y g i d m c h a t l u o n g n u d e t r o n g p h a m vi n g b i e n c u u .
C a c t h d n g s 6 p H , N - N O 3 , P - P 0 4 ^ A s , Cd, Cu, P b vd p h e n o l d e u t h a p b a n gioi b a n q u y d i n h tai cot A2 Q C V N 0 8 : 2 0 1 5 / B T N M T t r o n g s u d t t h a i gian nghifin c u u . Cd 18% m d u n u d e m a t cd N-NHj'^ v u o t gioi b a n Q C V N 0 8 : 2 0 1 5 / B T N M T (cot A2) tir 1,03 dfin 2,53 lan, 2096 m d u ed t h d n g sd N-NOa" e a o b a n gidi b a n tir 1,2 d e n 5 lan, 60% m d u t h u ed Fe,dn^ v u p t gidi b a n tir 1,01-3,86 lan vd 65% m d u n u d e cd T S S v u a t gidi b a n n u d e c a p s m b h o a t tir 1,03-3,93 lan. Can tifip t u c q u a n trdc ede t h o n g sd v u p t Q C V N , d a c bifit la Fe,a„^ va N- NO:/. T h d n g sd p h e n o l dii chira vupt gioi b a n n h u n g
d u p c p h d t hifin t h u d n g xuyfin n e n c a n t h e o doi dfi cd e a n h b a o k i p t h d i .
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Phdng Tai nguyfin vd Moi trudng huyfin Chau TTidnh, 2016. Bdo cdo tinh hmh thuc hifin ddnh gid tdc dpng moi trudng eua cdc doanh nghifip ti-fin dia ban huyen Chdu Thanh 2016.
2. Ningombam Linihoingambi Devi, Ishwar Chandra Yadav Q. I. Shihua, Surendra Smgh S. L Belagab, 2011. Physicoehemieal charactenstics of paper industry effluents - a ease study of South Indian Paper Mill (SIPM). Enverion Monit Assess 177: 23-33.
3. Raaz Maheshwari. Bina Ram, Archana Saxena, Magan Prasad, Upma Singh, 2012 ./Vnalysis of 104 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
effluents released from recycled paper mdushy, 8. Dang Ngoc Thanh, Ho Thanh Hm, Duong Joumal of Advanced Scientifc Research. 3(1): 82-85. Dire Tien va Mai Dmh Yta, 2002. Thuy sinh hpc cac 4. Bo Tai nguyen va Moi hTrdng, 2012. Thdng to ^ W '^'^ ""<«: " 8 9 ' n*' ^^ Vi«t Nam. Nha xuat ban so 21/2012/Tr-BTNMT-Quy dinh v4 viec bao dam Kh™ hoc va Ky thuat, hang 399.
chat luong va k i t o soat chat lupng frong quan hac 9. Wang T , Sjannie Lefevre, Do Thi Thanh moi hirdng. Huong, Nguyen Van Cong, Mark Bayley, 2009.
5. Bp Tai nguyen va Mdi frudng, 2011. Thdng to Chapter 8: The effects of hyppxia pn growth and sd 29/201 lAT-BTNMT-Quy dinh quy hinh ky thuat digestion, hi Hypoxia. J.G. Richards, A.P. FanreU, CJ.
quan fric nude mat Iuc dia. Brauner (Eds). Fish Physiology. 27: 361-396.
6. Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng, 2015. QCVN l"- Huertas M., E. Gisbert, A. Rodriguez, L 08:MT/2015/BTNMT- Quy chuan ky thuit Quoc gia Cardona, R Williot, F. Castello-Orvay, 2002. Acute v6 chat luong nude mat. exposure pf Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baen,
„ „ . „ , . . . . . . . ^ „„,, ^^,7x. Brandt) yearlings to nitrite: median-lethal 7. Bo Tai nguyen va Moi truong, 2011. QCVN . .. „ ' „ , ^ . „ , ^ , . , OO mm 1 /D-TMB/TT r, 1, -• i - .1, -» /-i ^ - concenfrahon (LC50) determmahon, haematological 38/2011/BTNMT- Quy chuan ky thuat Quoc gia vd , . , . , . , , „ , » j ^
, ^,, . ^^,, , J.. .. „ , . , changes and nitnte accumulahon in selected tissues, chat lupng nude mat bao vd ddi song thuy smb. . ^. ™ . , ^r, „nr, „„,.
Aquatic Toxicology. 57: 257-266.
FLUCTUATION OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN HAU RIVER WITHIN MAI DAM TOWN, CHAU THANH DISTRICT, HAU GIANG PROVINCE
Nguyen Van Cong, Tran Sy Nara, Huynh Van Thao, Huynh Cong Khanh, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Pham Van Tuoi, Pham Quoc Nguyen
Summary
Surface water quality in Hau river within Mai Dam town, Chau Thanh district, Hau Giang province was monitored irom march 2017 to march 2018 to provide baseline environmental data for future impact assessment Surface water samples were collected at 13 sites with one month mterval. Ten parameters including pH, DO, TSS, N-NH,*, N-NO,, N-NO„ P-PO/, COD, BOD,, As. Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe,.., and phenol were detected. The result showed that eight parameters including pH, N-NO3, PO/, As, Cd, Cu, Pb and phenol were less than limitation values at A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT. To compare with tbe limitation values at A2 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT, 18% total sample have N-NH/ over from 1.03 to 2.5 hmes. For N-NO,, 20% of total samples have nitrite varying from 1.2 to 5 bmes tbe bmitadon value. Wilh tbe total u-on, 60% total samples have concentration fluctuating from 1.01 - 3.86 times of the limitation value. For TSS, 6596 samples were 1.03 to 3.93 times of the limitation value. It was not seen ob-normal water quality degradation in the study area.
Continue monitoring water quality, particularly parameters which accede the limitation values for early warning is highly recommended.
Keywords.- Surface water quality, Hau River, Mai Dam town, Hau Giang province.
Ngudi phin b i t a PGS.TS. Luong Van Anh Ngiy nhan hii: 13/01/2020
Ngiy thdng qua phin bi$n: 14/02/2020 Ngiy duyfit ding: 21/02/2020
