C A C D E TAI, D U A N N G H I E N C L f U KHOA H O C & C O N G N G H E
DE T.
X A Y D L / N G M O H i N H T R l N H D l i N V U « 3 N C H U Y E N C A N H Q U Y T D L / C J N G B A N G N G U O N G I O N G S A C H B E N H
Co" quan chu. tri: Phong Cong Thtfdng huyen Chau Thanh A.
Chu nhiem de tai: K S . N g u y e n P h u c H u n g . Th'di gian thuc hien: 12/2004 - 12/2007
I. DAT VAN DE:
U B N D t i n h dang c d ke' hoach x a y d t f n g q u a n g ba thUOng h i e u cho cac t r a i l o a i cay dac san nhU:
btfdi N a m R o i H a u G i a n g , Q u y t D t f d n g H a u G i a n g , C a m M a t H a u G i a n g , C a m Sanh H a u G i a n g . U B N D t i n h da k h a n g d i n h n h o m cay c d m u i la n h o m cay can p h a i tfu t i e n hd t r d , g i u p n o n g dan trong l a i bang n g u o n cay gid'ng sach b e n h , de t a n g thu nhap cho n o n g dan ttf k i n h te vtfdn.
C a y cd m u i n d i chung, cay Q u y t D t f d n g n d i r i e n g la l o a i cay cd gia t r i k i n h te' cao, nhtfng n h t f n g nam gan day b i d i c h b e n h tan cong l a m t h i e t h a i k i n h te rat n h i e u cho ba con n o n g dan trong n h t f n g loai cay nay.
V i v a y v i e c k e t hop g i f f a n g h i e n c t f u v d i stf ke' thtfa k e t qua sSn c d , d o n g t h d i k e t hdp n g h i e n c t f u vdi tfng d u n g K H K T thong qua viec t r i e n k h a i cac m d hinh trong c h u y e n canh cay Q u y t D t f d n g ttf nguon gid'ng sach b e n h bang cac b i e n phap t d n g h d p la that can thiet.
II. M U C TIEU, N O I D U N G V A P H U d N G PHAP N G H I E N C L f U : 1. M u c t i e u :
- C a i t h i e n v u n g c h u y e n canh san x u a t Q u y t D t f d n g va cac cay cd m u i t r o n g xen d h u y e n C h a u Thanh A theo h t f d n g tang nang suat, chat l t f d n g , ha gia thanh san p h a m .
- Q u a n g ba c h u y e n giao K H K T trong v i e c san x u a t va quan l y t d n g h d p cay Q u y t D t f d n g , x a y dtfng m d h i n h san xuat bang cay gid'ng sach b e n h va m d h i n h t r o n g theo k y thuat t h a m canh.
- T r a n h t a i n h i e m b e n h G r e e n i n g va b e n h Trissteza, duy t r i stf phat t r i e n v t f d n Q u y t D t f d n g theo htfdng o n d i n h va b e n v f f n g .
2. N o i d u n g n g h i e n c t f u :
- D e t a i thtfc h i e n t a i dia ban xa T h a n h X u a n ( c u ) , nay la T h i T r a n R a c h G o i . - D i e u tra thu thap sd' l i e u .
- K h a o sat, c h o n hd dan, d o n g t h d i b a n giao cay gid'ng sach b e n h cho nhan dan trong.
- D a n h gia h i e n trang san xuat cay c d m u i t r e n dia ban h u y e n cung nhtf d j a ban t r i e n k h a i de t a i , ket qua thtfc h i e n ciia de t a i .
- T i e n hanh H d i thao n h a m hoc h d i trao d d i k i n h n g h i e m va tap huan cho cac nha v t f d n thtfc hien theo m d h i n h t h i e t k e .
3. P h t f d n g p h d p n g h i e n c t f u :
- K h a o sat c h o n dia d i e m , nha v t f d n t h a m gia x a y d t f n g m d hinh v t f d n c h u y e n canh cay q u y t ttf nguon gid'ng saoh benh, trong va c h a m sdc theo b i e n phap t h a m canh, q u a n l y sau b e n h t d n g hdp.
- X a y d t f n g ke hoach, thiet ke m d h i n h t r o n g c h u y e n canh ttf nguon cay gid'ng sach benh.
- C h u a n b i t a i l i e u , lap va b i e n soan de ctfdng dtf thao, H d i thao de g d p y ve x a y d t f n g m d h i n h .
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- T a p huan k y thuat, theo d o i va hUdng dan p h d b i e n cac k y thuat, quy t r i n h cho c d sd, cac nha vUdn thtfc h i e n theo m d h i n h t h i e t ke'.
III. KET Q U A N G H I E N CU"U:
1. K e t q u a d i e u t r a h i e n t r a n g c d y c d m u i t r e n d j a b d n h u y e n C h a u T h d n h A :
Qua d i e u tra cho thay sd' hd t r o n g cay cd m u i n h i e u va chie'm d i e n tich l d n . V d i thuan l d i la dat phu sa dtfdc b o i dap hang n a m phii h d p v d i n h i e u l o a i cay t r o n g dac b i e t la cay cd m u i phat trien td't, chu d o n g dtfdc ntfdc ttfdi t i e u . K h d k h a n la t h i e u v d n dau ttf, t h i e u t h o n g t i n khoa hoc ky thuat, cay sach benh gia cao. D a c b i e t la t r e n cay cd m u i n o n g dan c o n su" d u n g gid'ng t r d i n d i khong ro nguon gdc, sau k h i trong dtfdc 2-3 n a m t h i cay cd t r i e u c h t f n g b e n h v a n g la gan xanh tren 40%, nong dan chtfa cd b i e n phap quan ly h i e u qua dd'i v d i ray c h d n g canh.
T h o n g qua k e t qua tren de t a i da x a y d t f n g quy t r i n h t r o n g t h a m canh Q u y t D t f d n g va quy trinh phong trtf sau benh tdng hdp t r e n cay cd m u i .
2. K e t q u a c h o n d i e m v d c h o n h d , t a p hud'n v d b d n g i a o c d y g i d ' n g :
- C h o n 2 ap trong xa T h a n h X u a n thtfc h i e n chtfdng trinh: ap L a n g H a m , ap X a n g M d i (cu), (nay tach ra la: L a n g H a m , L a n g H a m A , L a n g H a m B , X a n g M d i A , X a n g M d i B , X a n g M d i C va Thi T t f ) .
- C h o n nong dan tham gia thtfc h i e n chtfdng trinh: c h o n dtfdc 23 hd n o n g dan l a m d i e m trinh d i l n tap trung, chon nhtfng hd cd v t f d n each xa v t f d n cay cd m u i b i n h i e m b e n h hoac v a n d o n g nhffng ho con v t f d n cay n h i e m benh d d n b d cay b e n h de k h o n g c o n n g u o n b e n h l a y t r u y e n b e n h Greening trong qua trinh trong cay m d i .
- Ket qua chon va ban giao gay giong
Cay gid'ng dtfdc chon d t r a i cay gid'ng Phtfdc T h i e n , dia c h i : p h t f d n g H t f n g T h a n h , quan Cai Rang, thanh pho' Can T h d .
Cay g i o n g ban giao cho n o n g dan 9.600 cay q u y t t r o n g ban dau va 960 trong d a m , cay giong d i i n g l o a i , diing theo tieu chuan cay td't va sach benh.
- Ket qua tap huan chuyen giao khoa hoc ky thuat.
T a p huan cho nong dan dtfdc 10 cuoc cd 450 ltfdt n o n g dan dtf. T h a m quan h d i thao 4 cuoc, cd 120 ltfdt nong dan tham gia.
3. K e t q u a p h a n t i c h g i a m d j n h b e n h v a n g I d G r e e n i n g ( v a n g I d g a n x a n h ) :
100% so mau da gtfi d i phan tich k h o n g cd phat h i e n cd h i e n t t f d n g b e n h v a n g la gan xanh.
Qua ket qua g i a m dinh, c h i i n g ta cd the ket l u a n : l o a i bd m a m b e n h trong v t f d n , trong cay co m i i i bang gid'ng sach benh, thiet ke v t f d n cd bd bao, t r o n g cay chan g i d , q u a n l y t r i e t de ray chdng canh thi cay khong bi n h i e m b e n h vang la gan xanh.
4. K e t q u a p h o n g tri r e p s a p v d b e n h Tristeza:
N h d ba con nong dan hop tac td't trong viec p h o n g t r i rep sap va ray m e m nen k h o n g phat hien cay n h i e m rep sap va benh Tristeza.
5. K e t q u a d a t d t f d c s a u 3 n a m t h t f c h i e n :
V t f d n cay trong de tai dtfdc trong ttf nguon gid'ng sach benh, dtfdc quan l y va c h a m sdc td't, cay khong n h i e m benh ttf dd cay sinh trtfdng, phat t r i e n td't, t r a i to, nang.
V t f d n nong dan lan can trong bang cay gid'ng t r d i n d i , c h a m sdc k h o n g td't, nen cay bi benh nhieu ttf 40 - 507c tdng sd cay trong vtfdn, trung binh c h i e u cao, tan cay nhd. cay bi benh ty le trai nho n h i e u . nang suat thap hdn v t f d n ciia ngtfdi dan trong theo de t a i .
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6. Ddnh gid ket qua De tdi:
* V e m a t khoa hoc:
D e t a i da k h a o sat dtfdc h i e n trang cay co m u i t r e n dia ban h u y e n cung n h u cac thong t i n ve san xuat cay c d m u i la t i e n de de n g h i e n c t f u sau nay.
D e t a i c u n g da tfng d u n g thanh cong trong v i e c canh tac cay cd m u i sach benh, x a y d t f n g dtfdc quy trinh canh tac c h u y e n canh cay cd m u i sach b e n h va x a y d t f n g dtfdc quy trinh p h o n g trtf sau benh tdng h d p t r e n cay cd m u i .
* M a t k i n h te':
V i e c thanh c o n g ciia de t a i g i i i p cho ba con l a m vUdn k h o i phuc l a i vUdn cay cd m u i , ttf d d tang them thu nhap cho n g t f d i l a m v t f d n .
* H i e u qua xa h d i :
G i i i p cho n g t f d i dan h t f d n g m d i de k h o i phuc l a i v t f d n cay dac san dia phtfdng, g i a i tda dtfdc t a m ly ciia ngtfdi dan trtfdc n h f f n g d i c h h a i t r e n cay cd m u i , n g t f d i dan h i e u n h i e u hdn va cd y thtfc hdn ve n h f f n g dich h a i , t i n t f f d n g h d n t r o n g v i e c t r o n g cay gid'ng sach b e n h de k h o i phuc vUdn cay va ap dung quy trinh p h o n g trtf sau b e n h t d n g hdp. Ttfdng lai vtfdn cay cd m u i dac san cua huyen Chau Thanh A se nhanh dtfdc khoi phuc va phat trien. Tao viec l a m cho ngtfdi dan va nang cao thu nhap cho nong hd.
7. Y n g h i a t h t f c t i e n c u a d e t d i :
G i i i p cho ba con n o n g dan n a m dtfdc quy t r i n h c h u y e n canh Q u y t D t f d n g va quy trinh p h o n g trtf sau benh tdng hdp, x a y d t f n g dtfdc v t f d n c h u y e n canh cay Q u y t D t f d n g bang nguon gid'ng sach benh, giiip nha n o n g thay dtfdc h i e u qua v i e c t r o n g gid'ng sach b e n h so v d i trong bang gid'ng t r d i ndi, ttf dd giiip ba con cai tao vtfdn tap, vtfdn b i n h i e m benh khong con hieu qua nham tang thu nhap cho hd gia dinh.
IV. KET L U A N V A K I E N N G H L 1. K e t l u d n :
- N g t f d i trong cay cd m u i t h t f d n g t h i e u v d n d a u ttf cay sach benh, do dd hp trong bang gid'ng cay trdi n d i , k h o n g r d n g u o n gd'c, gia re.
- T h i e u thong t i n khoa hoc k y thuat m d i ve c h a m sdc quan l y d i c h benh. N g t f d i dan i t quan t a m den cong tac ve sinh v t f d n c u n g nhtf v i e c l o a i bd m a m b e n h ra k h o i vtfdn.
V e m o h i n h t r i n h d i e n
- T r o n g cay cd m u i bang n g u o n gid'ng sach b e n h dtfdc san x u a t trong nha l t f d i td't hdn, cay phat trien nhanh, cho t r a i sdm, k h o n g n h i e m b e n h nhtf n h f f n g gid'ng cay cd m u i ngtfdi dan mua k h o n g r d nguon gd'c.
- Trtfdc k h i trong, bdc b a u cay con va xtf l y re bang dung dich Supracide hoac Regent de p h o n g trtf rep sap.
- L o a i bd het cay n h i l m b e n h nang va canh benh, v t f d n thtfc h i e n t h i n g h i e m trong de t a i dtfdc chon each xa cac v t f d n cay b i n h i e m benh, t r o n g x e n d i g i f f a 2 hang cay cd m u i de xua d u d i r a y chdng canh, tang t h e m thu nhap. D o n g t h d i n g t f d i d a n c h a m sdc t t f d i ntfdc thtfdng x u y e n trong m u a nang, bdn phan tap t r u n g cho cay d a m c h o i d o n g loat, xtf l y t r i e t de ray m e m , r a y chdng c a n h k h i choi non vtfa nhii ra t h i cay k h o n g t a i n h i e m b e n h v a n g la G r e e n i n g cung nhtf Tristeza.
2. K i e n n g h i :
N o n g dan nen t r o n g cay cd m u i bang gid'ng sach b e n h .
Ba con nong dan nen t r o n g tap trung, c h a m sdc d u n g theo quy trinh.
N e n trong d i xen vao vtfdn cay cd m u i n h a m xua d u d i ray chdng canh.
T i e p tuc hd t r d g i o n g sach benh, de nhan r d n g m d h i n h trong toan h u y e n .
Chinh q u y e n dia phtfdng can cd quy hoach cu the. dau ttf de bao k h e p k i n cho v i i n g tap t r u n g phat t r i e n cay cd m u i . "
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