Mo hinh quan tri dai hoc Australia va bai hoc cho Viet Nam
Phimg Thd Vinh
Truong Dai hpc Kinh le, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Ngi
Vdi nhiing xu thd thay doi va su phiic tap ngay cang cao hong giio dye dai hgc, ddi hdi sy quin hi dai hgc chuyen nghidp vi hidu qui bon. Vdi md hinh eu vd mgt co quan hung uong cap Bg nhu Bd Giao dye thuc hien kidm soit loin bd hd thdng Ii mdt md hinh khdng edn diing viing duge bong dai han va dang bj nhiing md hinh khac thay trd tren toan thd gidi. Bii vidt niy t?ip tmng vao gidi thidu xu thd quan iri giio dye dai hge tren thd gidi, die biet md hinh quin hi dai hge tai Australia, v i ttr dd cd nhiing kinh nghidm va bai hgc cho Viet Nam.
1. Nhihig thay adi trong mo hinh quan tri aai hoc tren the givi
Hien nay, cd mdt xu hudng qudc id manh me trong viee tang cudng quyen ty chii ciia cic trudng dai hgc, thdng qua viec bien cic trudng thinh nhtrng td chiic tu quan ddc lap theo md hinh thii ba (ban ddc lip) va thii tu (ddc lip) d hdn. Sy thay ddi nay thudng dugc md t i la chuydn tir he thd'ng nhi nude kidm soat sang hd thdng nhi nude giim sit. Vi dy nhu Nhit Bin da thdng qua Luat tip doan D^ii hge qudc gia nam 2003, mdt van ban da bidn tat c i cic trudng dai hgc qudc gia eiia nude niy thinh ty chii theo luat djnh, vdi nhidu quydn luc hon duge giao cho tiidu trudng vi hgi dong trudng.
6 Due, bang Nord Rhein-Westfalia gin diy da cho phep 33 trudng dai hgc dugc ty do quyet djnh tuydn dung giao su vi md nganh dao tao, Ii nhiing vin de trudc day duoc quydt djnh d cip tmng uong.
0 mgt sd nude dang cd ddi hdi tSng cudng quydn didu hanh eiia hidu trudng d nhtrng noi theo tmyen thdng mdt bong nhiing giio su eao e i p se dugc ddng nghiep biu chgn dd giii ehiic vy nay trong mgt thdi gitUi ngin d mdi hudng khdng mang tinh chil quin ly chuydn nghiep. Md hinh Anglo-Saxon cho phep hdi dong trudng vi hieu tmdng quyet dinh c i n cd nhiing vj tri cao c i p nio d c i p ban giim hidu, va kdt q u i la cd nhidu md hinh td chiic vdi tdi da Ii n i m ngudi giii vj tri phd hieu trudng. Nhiing vi tri niy cd thd la ngudi trong bien chd, toin thdi gian, ban thdi gian, hgp ddng ngin.... Tuy vay, d Netherlands, ban giim hieu ehi ed ba thanh vien, va d Ao cd the cd ddn bdn phd hidu truong, it khi thiy cd luit Id quy dinh cy the ban giim hidu can cd bao nhidu phd hi$u hudng, vi bdi cinh eu thd se ril khie nhau d tiing trudng.
Vai hd ciia hgi ddng khoa hgc hoac hgi dong giang vien theo tmydn thdng chi gidi han trong nhimg vin de
^ Jipc thuit vdi sy thira nh^n ring thim quyen ciia hg ve
hge thuit cd the vugl ra ngoii bd phin lanh dao quin ly n h i trudng. Tuy nhidn, nguyen tic cot cdi nay dang thay ddi d nhieu nude. Hdi ddng trudng dang trd thanh diing tren con hdi ddng giang vien cd tinh chat phu thudc va chi cd vai trd giup ich eho hgi ddng trudng;
tuy viy thuc te thdng thudng Ii hdi ddng tmdng se rit khd b i c bd nhiing de xuat lien quan ddn van dd hgc thuit dugc sy hiu thuin manh me cua hdi ddng giing vidn, tni khi dd la van de chidn luoc tdng the hay vin de ndn tang tai chinh cua nhi tmdng.
2. M6 hinh quan trj dai hoc Austraila Australia la mdt trong nhiing nude din d i u trong kinh nghidm quin tri dai hgc tdt. Tai Ausbalia mdt bg quy trinh hudng d i n ve kinh nghiem quin tri ed hieu qui hiu nhu Ii mdt yeu cau bit budc va ndu di theo nhiing hudng d i n ay, c i c tmdng se dugc cip thdm ngan sach. Mue dich co ban cua viec quan bi Ii tao didu kidn dd toin bg thanh vien trong trudng nhan thiic day dii muc tieu va sii mang ciia nha tmdng, de hoin thinh duge myc tieu va sii mang iy vdi nhtrng cich thiic hCru hieu nhat nhim mang lai lgi ich thye sy cho nha trudng va cho sinh vien. Mdi trudng dai hgc cd mgt td chiic thue hien cdng vide quin tri niy, to ehiic dd cung la don vi cbju trich nhiem tdi hau vd ehat lugng dao lao, ve su chinh true trong hgc thuat, vd tai chinh va tai san ciia nha trudng.
Quydn lyc va dac diem eua hdi ddng tardng Australia da cd nhidu cd gang de he thdng hda chinh xac vai trd eiia hdi ddng quan tri (HDQT) tmdng, bing each dua ra nhimg quy tic thyc hien va tuyen ngon ve nhung trach nhiem ca ban ciia hgi ddng tmdng. Hdi ddng quin tri khdng can thiep vao nhimg hoat ddng hang ngiy, nhiing edng vide d tam quin ly vi md eua nha tmdng. HDQT dua ra chu tnrong dudng Idi vi chinh sach, bien hg va bao ve eho nha tnrdng,
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NGHIEN C U U
RESEARCH
^ tinh thdng nhit toan ven eung Trong dd, it nhit hai thinh vidn cd nghiep vu A •,. ,^^^ KA „i,^ , „ ^ ^ ^ ehinh (cd bing tdt nghidp dai hge ve ehuydn nganuKe
toan-tii ehinh va cd kinh nghidm quan I? tai chmti cao cap ti-ong khu vyc edng hoac khu vyc tu nhan) va it vi cbju trich nhiem ve
nhu chit lugng boat ddng ciia toin bd nha trudng.
Thdng thudng, chiic nang cua HDQT la giam sal nhiing ehinh sich bao dam chit lugng day va hgc, ehuin thuin cic ehuong binh dao tao, xay dung co chd td chiie nhin sy bong do cd cie quy dinh ve thang bic luong bdng, quy chd bd nhiem vi midn nhidm cac chiic vy chii chdt. Ve mat tai chinh, vai trd ciia HDQT la thidt lip eo chd va ehinh sach, giup cho hoat ddng tai chinh ciia nha tnidng didn ra lanh manh, kidm soit ehi phi nham bio dim ngin sich ciia nhi trudng dugc sir dyng mdt cich dung dan va tim kidm cae CO hdi giiip dn djnh can can tii ehinh cua nha trudng.
Sy lya chgn Chii Ijch v i cic thinh vien Hdi ddng tnrdng va co ciu cua Hdi dong trudng
Quy md va co ciu cua hgi dong tardng ngay eing trd thinh mdi quan tim eiia Nhi nude vi dang ed mdt xu hudng ua chudng md hinh quan ly vdi mdt sd it thanh vidn va phin Idn Ii nhiing ngudi bdn ngoii gidi hgc thuit (khdng thudc gidi chuydn mdn).
O Aushalia, nhCmg van bin luit giio dye dai hgc gin day d i ehi dinh ring mdi hgi dong cin phii ed mdt chuong trinh dio tao nghidp vy cho thinh vidn hdi ddng. 6 nhtrng nude ma hdi ddng ed thd chgn thinh vien ciia minh, muc dich ein dat la cd duge nhtmg ngudi ttr cic bdn lidn quan hidn nhien, nhu ehinh quydn dia phuong, cic nhi tuydn dung lao ddng va eae doanh nghidp dia phuong, ciing nhu nhung ngudi cd cic kien thiic chuydn mdn cdt ydu nhu chuydn gia luat, kd loan. Mdt diem duge nhin manh khi lua ehgn thanh vidn hdi dong dd la eae thinh vien hdi dong khdng hanh ddng nhu dai dien cho bat ky nhdm lgi ich nio hay nhu mdt tap hgp con ciia giing vidn; hg phai tmng thinh voi trudng dai hgc vi nhat thiet phai giii quydt tren co sd lgi ich ciia nha tmdng nhu mdt tdng thd, ma khdng vudng ban mdt ehiit gi bd phai hay vu lgi.
HDQT nha trudng gdm nhiing ngudi thudng khdng ed quydn lgi gi vd tai cbinh d trong tmdng, tham chi ngugc lai, la nhiing ngudi iing hg tai ehinh cho nha trudng. Tidn thii lao ndu cd phai dugc bao dam khdng vugt qua so vdi bdn phin ciia ho la bao dam cho su
nhit mgt thanh vien cd nghidp vy vd thuong mai.
each thiic biu ehgn va bd nhiem thanh vidn HDQT moi tnjdng mdi khac, nhung nhin chung, d c i c truong cdng lip, nha nude tidu bang hoac lidn bang bd nhidm cac thinh vien HDQT, thudng la nhiing ngudi cd tdn tuoi, uy tin, vi la nhiing ngudi ddng gdp tai chinh cho nha trudng. Sinh vidn, nhin vidn va quan ehiic nhi nude khdng dugc trd thinh thinh vien ciia HDQT.
Cdng vide cy the eda Hdi ddng Quin tri d cic trudng dai hgc Australia
HDQT boat dgng nhu mdt eo quan lip phip cua nhi trudng, va chii ydu Ii giii quyet nhtmg van de vd ehinh sieh, co chd; trudc hdt la nhOng chinh sich, eo che dd van hanh bd miy quin Iy nha trudng, mac dti Hidu trudng dugc giao quydn ban ril Idn dd xu ly nhiing cdng vide hang ngiy ciia nha trudng. Tren co sd nhung cbinh sich vi co chd chung iy, cic nha quin ly xiy dung nhiing quy dinh cy thd va chju trich nhidm trudc HDQT vd phin viec m i minh phy hich.
Hoat dgng ciia c i e HDQT d cic hudng khie nhau ed thd khic nhau it nhieu, nhung vd co b i n ed the duge mieu t i nhu sau:
Vd mil tii ehinh, HDQT ed h i c h nhidm b i o dim ngan quy cua n h i trudng dugc sii dyng mdt cich thich ding, tii sin eiia nhi trudng dugc quin ly mdt each phii hop, va mang lai nhung kdt q u i tich cue.
Lam each nao de thuc hidn dugc dieu niy thdng qua cae hoat ddng hing ngay, la trich nhidm ciia hieu trudng va ddi ngu cin bd quin ly chii chdt do hieu trudng phan cdng.
Ve mat nhan sy, HDQT khdng can thidp true tiep vao viee tuydn dung hay sa thai nhan sy eOa nha tmdng, ngoai trir trudng hgp lua chgn vi bd nhidm chiic danh Hieu trudng (President). Tuy vay, HDQT ed quydn bd phieu de thdng qua bidn chd giing vien, chuin thuin chiic danh giao su.
Vd mat dao tao va nghien ciiu khoa hgc, HDQT la noi ban hanh nhtrng uu lien chidn luge eho nha trudng trong cic linh vye giing day, nghien ciiu, hoat ddng thdng nhit toin ven va su an toin tai chinh ciia nhi djeh vu, va cting voi hieu trudng xac djnh tuyen ngd:
trudng. Phin Idn eic trudng khdng chi tra khoan thii lao niy cho thanh vien HDQT, mac du mdt khoan bu d i p cho chi phi lao dgng nay vin cd the dugc coi la thieh hgp, nhat la khi cdng viec nay ddi hdi hg phai danh thdi gian eho no, vi nhiem vu thanh vien HDQT ddi hdi mgt miic do kidn thiie d cap chuyen gia. O
mang eiia nha trudng. HDQT giam sit nhtrng ehii tmong ciia nha tmdng trong edng tae d i o tao vi nghidn eiiu khoa hgc, trong nhtrng van de vd sinh vien.
Ben canh dd, HDQT cting bd phidu thdng qua Quy dinh ve hanh kiem sinh vidn. Day la nhung quv tic tidu chuin vd hanh kidm vi tri thtre nhim bao ve muc diy, can md ngoic di ndi them vd co cau tai chinh jfch gj^o dye cua nha tmdng va tinh chit thdne llh£
ciia cac trudng dai hgc d Australia. ciia moi hanh ddng. Sinh vidn vi pham cac nguyen tic So lugng thanh vien ciia HDQT nhidu it khae nhau nay ed thd bi ky luit tbeo quy djnh.
lOy timg tnrdng, vi tiiy theo tirng thdi didm cu thd tbeo sy de nghi ciia chinh phu trong khoang 12-22 ngudi.
3. Bai hoc 0oi vol quan trj dai hoc d Viet Nam Dya trdn xu hudng qude td vi kinh nghidm quan tri d?i hgc Australia, cd mOt sd bai hgc co thd rut ra cho quin tri dai hgc Viet Nam d i e bidt Ii hong bdi canh Viet Nam tham gia vao cic hidp djnh thuong mai thd hdmdi
- Tdng quyin luc hdi dong tnidng: He thdng dai hgc Viet Nam trong nhieu thip ky qua d i hoat ddng vdi rat it quydn tu chu, vi BO Giio dye vi Dio tao ddng mgt vai trd — vd mdt vii phuong didn- gin gidng nhu Hdi ddng Quin tri eua cic trudng d^i hge phuong Tiy, nghia Ii cung eip ngin saeh, xiy dung dudng Idi chidn luge phat trien, co chd quin ly ciia cic trudng, bd nhiem Hieu tnidng, thcim chi cdn quyet dinh thay cho cie trudng nhOng viec thu^c linh vue eua eie n h i quin ly, chii khdng phii Ii chiie ning ciia quin tii, nhu chuong tnnh d i o tao, miic thu hgc phi hay chi lieu tuydn sinh timg nam. Vi v$y, lanh dao cic trudng gin nhu khdng ed co hgi thyc hien chiic ning quin trj, mi chi la nhimg nhi quin ly cao cap, vdi nhidm vy chinh Ii td chiic thuc hidn nhiing chinh saeh va quy dinh ciia Bd. Mdt hd thdng nhu vay cd the Id ra hidu qui trong didu kidn so khai ciia giio due dai hge, khi sd lugng cic trudng cdn it, didu kidn kinh td, van hda ciia dai bd phin dan eu trong xa hdi cdn tuong ddi thuin nhit, nhtrng ydu ciu ciia x i hdi dd'i vdi cie trudng dai hgc cdn tiKing ddi don giin, mdi quan bd cua Viet Nam vi cic qudc gia khic cdn it phit bien.
Do viy, dd ed dugc hd thdng quin trj tdt va boat ddng theo diing nghia ciia nd, tbi cin hgi ddng trudng, ein c6 CO che phan bd thim quydn vi trich nhidm theo diing nghia quin tri.
- Thay ddi co che bd nhiim hdi dong trudng: Viet Nam nhin thtre dugc nhu ciu cip bich phii ddi mdi giio dye dai hge ndn da ban hanh chii truong thanh lap Hdi ddng Trudng d cdc trudng dai hgc va duge cy thd hda trong luit Giio due nim 2005. Hdi ddng Trudng duge dd eip trong Luat Giio due Vidt Nam nam 2005 gin nhu Ii hoan toan triing khdp vdi chiic nSng vi nhiem vy ciia hdi ddng trudng nhu da dugc mieu t i trong he thdng giio dye ciia Australia. Didm khic biet ndu cd, chinh Ii d co chd bd nhidm. Chii tich Hdi ddng tnidng Ii chuydn trich va do cic thanh vidn eua Hdi dong tiiidng biu theo nguyen lie da sd phidu. Hieu trudng khdng kidm nhiem Chii tjch Hdi ddng trudng".
Trong didu kidn kinh td-xa hgi hidn nay ciia Vidt Nam, ed mgt HDQT lim viec hdt Idng vi khdng luong la mOt didu khdng thuc td, vi viy, HDQT ndn do Nha nude bd nhiem va tri luong xung ding, dti vj tri thanh vidn HDQT ciia hg cd thd (va ndn la) mdt vi tri kidm nhiem. Thanh vien HDQT ndn Ii nhiing ngudi d i dat dugc nhiing Uianh cdng dang kd trdn mdt linh vyc nhit dinh hong xa hdi, vi nhu viy hg se sdng trong nhtmg kinh nghiem thyc tidn cua linh vgc iy vi mang vio HDQT nhiing tidng ndi da dang eiia thuc tidn. Khi
mdt HDQT da hinh thanh, neu cd mgt vi tri hi khuyet can bd sung, thi HDQT sd de cir va biu chgn mdt ngudi thay the dd Nha nude ehuin thuin.
- Phdn tach viec quan tri ra khoi viec quan If: Dieu Id Tnrdng Dai hgc ban hinh theo quydt djnh ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu sd 153/2003/QD-1Tg ngay 30-7-2003 quy djnh: "Hdi ddng tiudng cd cae thanh vidn la: Hieu trudng, Bi thu Ding iiy trudng, dai dien cac giang vien, can bg quin ly giio due ed uy tin trong vi ngoii trudng, eae td chiie ehinh tri - xa hdi trong tmdng, cic td ehuc, ca nhan tham gia diu tu xay dung trudng. Hdi dong trudng d Vidt Nam vdi thanh phin nhu vay se khd long trinh khdi triing lap vdi bd miy quin ly hidn hanh, lim eho vide quin tri chdng eheo Idn vide quin ly va ed khi nang tao ra nhidu miu thuin, bat cap.
Co che HDQT ciia cac dai hgc Australia d i chiing td duge tinh chat hiiu hieu ciia no, Ii do nd da tieh viec quan tn ra khdi vide quin ly, gidng nhu co quan lip phip phii tich rdi khdi eo quan hinh phip, vi tich vide quin tri ra khdi nhtrng md'i lidn hd vd quydn lgi vit chat vdn cd thd khuynh d i o mgi quydt djnh. Do viy bii hgc dd'i vdi cic trudng dai hge d Vidt Ncun dd Ii thinh vidn HDQT nen la nhiing thanh phin ngoii trudng vi dai dien cho nhtrng tidng ndi khie nhau, ma quan trgng nhit Ii tidng ndi ciia cac doanh nghiep vi cic nha ho^t ddng van hda vi xa hdi, vi hg dai didn eho lgi ich ciia nen kinh td va lgi ich cdng chiing. Hg khdng true tidp can du vao vide quan ly va dieu hanh nha trudng, nhung giim sit nhiing hoat ddng niy, cd thim quyen bd nhidm vi sa thii hidu tmdng gidng nhu HDQT d cic nude. Cie quydt dinh ciia HDQT la quydt dinh tap the, dugc thyc hidn thdng qua bd phidu. HDQT Ii mdt tip thd vii ehyc thanh vidn, gdm nhiing ngudi ed uy tin Idn trong xa hdi, ndn mua chudc hay iQng doan HDQT se la mdt viec khd khan.
HDQT ehju trich nhidm tmdc Bd giao dye vi dao tao vd kdt qui boat ddng ciia nha trudng va hudng luong true tidp tir B6 Giio due va dio t^o. /.
Tai iieu tham i(hao
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