lAP Cli CONt IHIfONC
MO HINH TlJ CHU DAI HOC
CUA MQT SO NlTCfC TREN THE GlCfl:
BAI HOC CHO VIET NAM
TRAN THI NHAT ANH
TOM TAT:
Tren the gidi, tff chu dai hoc da hinh tiianh va phat trien tff nhffng thap ki trffde, cac md hinh tff chu dai hpc vi vay cung rat da dang va phong phu va la nhffng bai hpe kinh nghiem cho giao due dai hpc Viet Nam. Bai viet tap trung phan tich eac md hinh tff chu dai hpc tren the gidi trffde khi dffa ra cac de xua't phu hdp cho giao due dai hpe Viet Nara nham rut ra bai hpc cho giai doan ttf chu cua giao due dai hpc d nffdc ta trong thdi gian sap tdi.
Ttf khoa: Tff chu dai hpc, giao due dai hpc, quan tri dai hpc.
1. Khai quat ve xu htfdng phat trien giao due dai hpc tren the gidfi
Sff phat trien cua giao due dai hpc tren the gidi bien nay tuy vd cung da dang va phong phu song vIn the hien rd net nhffng xu hffdng cd ban khdng chi xua't hien d nhffng nen giao due tien tien raa cdn "phu sdng" tdi nen giao due dai hpc cua cac qudc gia dang phat trien. Tffu trung, giao due dai hpc trong xu the' toan cau hda hien nay bdc Id nhffng dac diem sau:
Thii nhdt, giao due dai hpc hien dai la rapt nen giao due xa hdi hda. Cung vdi sff phat trien cua xa hdi, nhu cau cua ngffdi hpc ngay cang gia tang ve ca sd Iffdng lln chat Iffdng. Sff gia tang dd la nhara dap ffng nhffng yeu cau khdng ngffng nang cao cua thi trffdng lao dpng hien nay. Va mdt le tat yeu la sff hinh thanh cua cac cd sd giao due dai hpc cung theo dd tang len. Cac chffdng trinh dao tao tai cac trffdng dai hpc hien nay cung rat phong phu phuc vu nhu cau da dang cua ngffdi hpc theo hffdng dao tao nganh nghe phu hdp vdi nhu cau xa hdi va tiet giam thdi gian dao tao cho ngffdi hpc. Tac gia cho rang day la rapt xu hffdng tat yeu phu hdp vdi stf
thay ddi va phat trien cua xa hdi, bdi suy cho ciing sff mang dao tao va eung cap ngudn nhan life chat Iffdng cao cua cac trffdng dai hpc cung la nham dap ffng cac ddi hdi eua xa hdi.
Thd hai, giao due dai hien nay la giao due nang cao chat Iffdng trai nghiem toan cau phii hpp vdi xu hffdng qudc te hda giao due dai hpc. Quocte hda giao due dai hpc ed the xem la rapt xu hifdng phat trien chung cua cac trffdng dai hpc tren the gidi hien nay. Khdng cd nen giao due nao trong giai doan nam ngoai qua trinh hdi nhap, trong do hdi nhap qudc te ddi vdi giao due dai hpc diidc xem la mot trong cae tieu chi danh gia chat lifdng dao tao cua cac trffdng, ddng thdi la dpng lifcde thuc day qua trinh hdi nhap cua nen giao due quoc gia dd tren binh dien khu vffc va ca the gidi. Noi mot each ndra na, qud'c te hda chinh la giai doan cao nha't trong quan he qudc te giffa cac trffdng da^
hpc'. Xu hffdng qudc te hda cung se la mot siJho trd rat can thiet danh cho cdng ddng khoa hpc hay gidi nghien cffu va phan ldn nhffng ddi tffdng nay da va dang lara viec trong cac trffdng dai hpc.
Thii ba, xu hffdng quan ly giao due dai hpc hien
QUAN TR! - QUAN LY
nay dang thay ddi dan theo hffdng tang tinh ttf chu va tff chiu trach nhiem. Nhff da phan tich d tren, vdi I sff gia tang khong ngffng ve mat sd Iffdng, quy md
cung nhff chat Iffdng cua cac trffdng dai hpc tren the gidi, yeu cau tat yeu dat ra dd la cho phep cac trffdng dai hpc thie't lap mot cd che quan ly phan cap manh me. Theo dd, eac trffdng dai hpc dffdc trao cho mdt sff "tff do" can thiet, khdng chiu anh hffdng tff cac tac dpng ben ngoai trong viec dieu hanh td chffc, phan bd tai chinh, td chffc giang day va thffc hien cac boat ddng nghien cffu. Xu hffdng nay dang dien ra vd cung manh me va dffdc dtf bao se la xu hffdng tien phong trong thay ddi each dieu hanh quan ly tai trffdng dai hpc tren toan the gidi.
He thdng giao due dai hpc cua cac nffdc phat trien chinh la nhffng ngffdi di dau trong trao ltfu nay.
' Tff nhffng phan tich tren cd the tha'y cung vdi 'cac linh vffc khac trong ddi sdng xa hdi, giao due va dac biet la giao due dai hpc dang tffng bffdc chuyen bien manh rae va chffng kien nhieu sff thay ddi mang tinh bffdc ngoat nham dap ffng vdi yeu cau ngay cang cao cua xa hdi. Trong bdi canh tff chu dai hpc dang la xu hffdng ehu dao cua nen giao due tren toan the' gidi, viec can thiet la nghien cffu cac md hinh tff chu dai hpc tren the gidi nhara rut ra nhffng bai hpc kinh nghiera quy bau cho Viet Nam trong tien trinh cai each giao due nham dffa . nen giao due nffdc nha bat kip vdi xu hffdng the^
gidi. Ndi dung dffdi day phan tich rapt sd rad hinh tff chu dai hpc dang dffdc quan tam tren the gidi.
•, 2. Khai ni$m ttf chu dai hpc
J Tff chu dai hpc la mot khai niera khdng cdn xa , la trong linh vffc quan tri dai hpc hien dai. Tuy nhien de hieu dung va day du ve khai niera nay .khdng phai la dieu ddn gian. Theo Hiep hdi cac .. trffdng dai hpc (lAU) thi ttf chu dai hpc mffc dp dpc , lap can thiet dd'i vdi tac nhan ben ngoai raa trffdng
can cd de cd the thtfc hien dffdc viec quan tri va td . chffc ndi bp, phan bd cac ngudn life tai chinh trong pham vi nha trffdng, viec tao ra va sff dung cac :, ngudn tai chinh ngoai ngan sach cdng, viec tuyen ] dung nhan sff, xay dtfng cac tieu chuan cho hpc tap ' va nghien cffu, cudi cung la quyen ttf do trong viec , to chffc thtfc hien nghien cffu va giang day^. Viec : thffc hien quyen ttf chu cua trffdng dai hpc ve ban
chat chinh la thtfc hien nhiem vu quan ly theo uy quyen trong md'i quan he giffa eac trffdng dai hpc , va cd quan quan ly, theo dd cac trffdng dai hpc se
dffdc nha nffdc cho phep viec ttf ra cae quyet dinh va thtfc hien cac quyet dinh quan ly, ddng thdi phai tff chiu trach nhiem ve ket qua cua cae quyet dinh do trong pham vi cho phep cua Nha nffdc. Nha nffdc trong md'i quan he vdi cac trffdng dai hpc van la ddi tffdng chiu trach nhiem cudi cung trffde xa hoi vd boat dpng cua trffdng dai hpc^. Vdi y nghia dd, cac trffdng dai hpc cdng lap boat ddng theo cd che' ttf chu dai hpc se ttf quyet dinh va lam ehu mpi boat dpng cua ehinh minh trong rapt khudn khd nha't dinh, khdng chiu bat ki sff tac ddng hay chi phdi cua bat ki yeu td nao. Dffng trffde xu hffdng phat trien giao due dai hpc tren the gidi, giao due dai hpc Viet Nam cung khdng the dffng ngoai cuoc. Trong nhffng nam vffa qua, tff chu dai hpc da va dang trd thanh rapt trong nhffng qud'c sach rat dffdc Dang va Nha nffdc ta rat quan tam. Cung vdi dd, cac van ban phap ly da dffdc ban hanh nham thffc hien tff chu trong quan ly dai hpc d Viet Nara.
Trong qua trinb thtfc hien tff chu dai hpc d Viet Nam, viec tim hieu bai hpc kinh nghiera tif chu dai hpc cua cac qudc gia tren the gidi la dieu rat can thiet nham tiep thu nhffng mat tich cffc trong boat dpng ttf chu dai hpc cua cac nen giao due tien tien tren the gidi. Ndi dung sau lan Iffdt trinh bay va phan tich kinh nghiem ttf chu qudc te cua rapt sd nffdc tren the' gidi.
3. Kinh nghiem ttf chu dai hpc cua mot so^
qud^c gia tren the^ gidi
3.1. Kinh nghiem tUchu dai hpc cua Nhdt Bdn Nhat Ban la qudc gia cd nen giao due giao due dai hpc rat phat trien. Sff thanh cdng trong each thffc thffc hien tff chu dai hpc cua ngffdi Nhat dd la xem cac trffdng dai hpc gidng nhff la rapt cdng ty.
Tff thdi Thien Hoang Minh Tri, nen giao due dai hpc Nhat Ban da dffdc quan ly hoan toan bang cac quy dinh phap luat, dieu dd dam bao cac muc dich cd ban, cac dffdng ldi chinh sach ve cai each va quan ly giao due dffdc thifc hien rapt each thdng nha't va cdn raang lai rapt hieu qua rat dang chu y.
Dac biet, vao nam 1999, mot stf kien quan trpng da didn ra lam thay ddi lich sff phat trien giao due dai hpc tai Nhat Ban, dd la chinh phu Nhat Ban quyet dinh chuyen ddi dai hpc qud'c gia thanh cdng ty quan tri dpc lap. Day la mot quyet dinh mang tinh bffdc ngoat, bdi trffde dd cac trffdng dai hpc qud'c gia d Nhat eung nhff Viet Nam bay gid dffdc xem la nhff la mot td chffc cua Nha nffdc. Cac boat dpng
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nghien cihi va giao due phu thude rat nhieu vao ngudn ngan sach nha nffdc"*. Vdi sif quan ly chat che cua cd quan nha nffdc, boat dpng cua cac trffdng dai hpc qudc gia d Nhat that sff bi kim ham rat nhieu, dac biet la dd'i vdi van de sang tao cung nhff cac hffdng phat trien cua cac trffdng dai hpc.
Vdi quyet dinh cua chinh phu vao nam 1999, Nhat Ban da bffdc vao mot thdi ki cai each mdi ddi vdi nen giao due dai hpc, thdi ki tff chu dai hpc. Vi vay, cac trffdng dai hpc tai Nhat Ban dffdc xera nhff la mdt cdng ty dai hpc, cac trffdng dai hpc se tff minh quye't dinh cac boat dpng, ttf tao sffc thu hut rieng de tang Iffdng tuyen sinh, tinh canh tranh cua cac trffdng dai hpc vi vay tang len rat cao. Can cff Luat Cdng ty dai hpc qudc gia, cac quy dinh ve ngan sach cung nhff nhan sff se khdng cdn cd gia tri. Trong trffdng dai hpc, ngffdi dffng dau la quan ly la chu tich hdi ddng quan tri cua cdng ty dai hpc, ngffdi nay do rapt uy ban bau ra, trong dd bao gdra ca cac chuyen gia ngoai trffdng dai hpc. Nha nffdc luc nay la td chffc ddng vai trd trong viee cung cap hanh lang phap ly va thffc hien thara quyen thanh lap, cham dfft boat dpng cung nhff danh gia chat Iffdng dao tao cua cac cdng ty dai hpc. Cac trffdng dai hpc cung cd the nhan dffdc hd trd ve tai chinh tff nha nffdc, mudn lam dffdc viec nay cac trffdng dai hpc phai gffi cho Bp Giao due. Van hda. The thao, Khoa hpc va Ky thuat Nhat (MEXT) ban ke hoach boat dpng trong giai doan 6 nam de danh gia va neu dffdc chap nhan, trffdng dai hpc do cd the nhan dffdc hd trd ve raat tai chinh trong vdng 6 nam tiep theo. Vdi rad binh cdng ty dai hpc, cac trffdng dai hpc d Nhat Ban se cd hai cd quan boat dpng song banh trong bp raay dd la Hdi ddng quan tri va bdi ddng nghien cffu, giao due. Chffc nang quan ly thuoc ve Hoi ddng quan tri, trong khi dd Hdi ddng nghien cffu, giao due cd nhiera vu thffc hien cac boat ddng chuyen radn, nghien cffu, giang day. Vdi nhffng cai each trong van de tff chu nhff neu tren, cac trffdng dai hpc tai Nhat Ban da cai thien dang ke ve nang life quan ly va boat dpng hieu qua hdn.
3.2. Kinh nghiem tU chu dai hpc cua Hoa Ky Hoa Ky cung la rapt qudc gia cd nen giao due dai hpc tien tien dang de chung ta hpc tap dac biet la ddi vdi van de ttf chu dai hpc. My hien cd khoang 3.600 trffdng dai hpc, cao dang vdi hdn 10 trieu sinh vien. Ti le ngffdi trong dp tudi hpc dai
hpc, cao dang dffdc di hpc khoang 85%, day la mot con sd rat an tffdng bdi le con sd nay d cac nudc GECD^ la tren 50%, Trung Qudc la khoang 25% va Viet Nam la xap xi 20%^. O My, md hinh giao due dai hpc cua nffdc nay rat da dang, phong phu va co sff hnh boat eao, khdng nhffng vay sff phan c^p trong quan ly giao due dai hpc the hien rat ro rang giffa chinh quyen dia phffdng d cac bang va quan, Trong be thd'ng quan ly giao due dai hpc tai My, bo giao due hen bang My (Department of Education- ED) khdng tham gia trtfc tiep quan ly va chi dao toan dien vdi cac trffdng dai hpc ma chi chiu tracti nhiem ve cac chffdng trinb dac biet nhff nhom dan tpc thieu sd, giao due cho ngffdi tan tat^. Ddi vdi chinh quyen cae bang thi viec quan ly cung Idiong can thiep qua sau vao cac trffdng dai hpc va hi gidi ban. Chinh quyen cac bang chiu trach nhiem cap mot phan hd trd ve mat tai chinh va se cd mot dai dien cua chinh quyen tham gia Hoi ddng quan tri eua cac trffdng dai hpc cdng. Ve van de quan ly tai cac trffdng dai hpc, vdi md hinh tff chu tai My tin cac trffdng dai hpe tff ehu hoan toan, vdi mffc dp til chu nhff vay, cac trffdng cd quyen rat cao trong moi mat boat dpng cua trffdng mien la khdng vi pham phap luat cua Lien bang hay cua tffng bang. Doi vdi cac trffdng dai hpc tff thuc thi mffc dp tff chu con ldn hdn cac trffdng cdng rat nhieu va neu xep theo M tff thi d My cac trffdng cao dang cdng ddng se co mffc dp ttf ehu thap nha't va cao nha't van la cac trffdng dai hpe dinh hffdng nghien cffu. 0 Hoa Ky, quyen ttf ehu cao nha't la d cac trffdng dai hpe dinh hffdng nghien cffu, tha'p nha't la d cac trffdng cao dang cdng ddng. Vdi mffc dp tff chu da dang tM vay he thdng kiera dinh chat Iffdng giao due cua My cung rat khat khe va ludn dffdc thffc hien song song vdi boat dpng cua cae trffdng dai hpc nhtf m6t boat dpng bat bupe. Hai cd quan cdng nhan eac to chffc kiera dinh chat Iffdng giad due la Bp Giao due lien bang (DE) va CHEA, va chi cd nhffng tnfclng dai hpc dffdc kiem dinh chat Iffdng giao due mdi dffdc phep thffc hien eac boat dpng dao tao, ehinh vi vay kiera dinh chat Iffdng la rapt khau xii quan trpng dd'i vdi cae trffdng dai hpe d My.
3.3. Md hinh tU chd dai hpc cua Singapore Singapore la rapt trong nhffng nen giao duetiSn tien bac nha't chau A, trong danh sach 200 tnfdng dai hpc hang dau tren the gidi do he thdng tif van thi trffdng giao due Anh qudc cdng bd nam 2015.
QUAN TRj - QUAN LY
Dai hpc Qud'c gia Singapore (NUS) xep thff 12, Dai hpc Cdng nghe Nanyang Singapore (NTU) xep thff 131 Vdi rapt qud'c gia cd dien tich khiera tdn d Ddng Nam A nhff Singapore, day qua thffc la mot nd life rat dang tff bao va la md hinh giao due de cac nffdc khac hpc tap, trong dd cd Viet Nam. Ve chien Iffdc tff chu dai hpc, tff nam 2006,
! chinh phu nffdc nay da quyet dinh cho hai trffdng ' dai hpc NUS va NTU trd thanh cac trffdng dai hpc
tff chu dau tien vdi tff each la cac doanh nghiep hoat ddng phi ldi nhuan. Tff chu dai hpc d Singa- pore tap trung vao cd che' quan ly ndi bd trong ' trffdng cung nhff rad'i lien he giffa cac trffdng dai hpc vdi chinh phu nffdc nay. Vdi cd che' tff chu, hdi i ddng trffdng se trd thanh cd quan lanh dao cao nha't cua mdt trffdng dai hpc nam quyen quyet dinh 5 nhffng van de quan trpng nha't, cd quan nay gdm 20
> nha quan ly giao due cd kinh nghiem va chuyen mdn gidi, doanh nhan thanh dat va cac chuyen gia
; kinh te^ ndi tieng. Dffdi Hdi ddng trffdng cd 8 ban . chuyen trach, day la nhffng cd quan giup viec cho 3 hoi ddng trffdng, giup cd quan nay kiem soat mpi
: tinh hinh trong nha trffdng va tff van cac quyet
! sach. Nha trffdng cd nghia vu bao cao kdt qua boat : dpng, chiu stf giam sat cua chinh phu va xa hdi.
J Mot diem can Iffu y du la ttf chu, cac trffdng dai
; hpc d Singapore van di theo con dffdng phi ldi j nhuan va vi vay he thdng dai hpc cdng lap d nffdc nay van nhan hd trd den 75% kinh phi. Giffa cac trffdng dai hpc va ehinh phu se thiet lap rapt thda - thuan de dara bao hieu qua trong viec thu chi ngan
•;. sach, rauc tieu dao tao phu hdp vdi chinh sach cua nha nffdc, ed chat Iffdng dao tao tdt sau khi tff chu.
Cu the, cac thda thuan giffa trffdng dai hpc va cd
• quan hanh chinh Singapore chu yeu xoay quanh ba ndi dung chinh dd la: Thda thuan ve chinh sach, : tffc la lam rd pham vi ttf chu cua trffdng dai hpc va
dffa ra quy dinh xff phat neu cac trffdng vi pham -thda thuan ve ehinh sach, chu ye'u nham de bao dam cac trffdng se thffc hien rauc tieu dao tao va quy hoach phat trien tdng the raa chinh phu da de ,,ra; thda thuan ve hieu qua: do cac trffdng tff vach ra, Bp Giao due phe duyet, chu yeu nhara xac dinh .cac chi tieu phat trien chinh sach trong cac muc cu 'the nhff muc tieu phat trien tdng the, chat Iffdng
^dao tao, nghien cffu khoa hpc, dich vu xa hdi va phat trien nhan sff - phdng ban'. De dam bao cac thda thuan nay phu hdp vdi nhu cau va sff phat
trien cua xa hdi, cff mdi 5 nam, cac ben se cung nhau thiet lap lai cac ndi dung cua thda thuan va sffa ddi nd lara sao cho phu hdp vdi tinh hinh hien tai. Vdi rad hinh tff chu dai hpc d Singapore, chinh phu giao quyen tff quyet trong van de tuyen dung lao dpng cho cac trffdng dai hpc. Theo dd, viec tuyen giang vien, giao sff trong trffdng se do trffdng quan ly va dieu hanh toan bd, de dara bao chat Iffdng cua dpi ngu nay, hdp ddng lao dpng se quy dinh rat rd ve thdi ban dat chffc danh giao sff la khdng qua 6 nara va neu giang vien khdng tbffe hien dffdc nhiem vu nay thi se bi cham dfft hdp ddng lao dpng. Hdi khoa hpc va sinh vien hpc tap tai trffdng se la nhffng dd'i tffdng danh gia chat Iffdng trong cac gid giang cua giang vien va quyet dinh hp cd dffdc dffng Idp trong thdi gian tdi hay khdng. Vdi quy dinh nay, rd rang la da tao dffdc rapt ap lffc can thie't de giang vien va cac giao sff tap trung nang cao chat Iffdng giang vien, cung nhff cdng tac nghien cffu vdn la hai nhiem vu chu yeu cua mot giang vien dai hpc.
4. Bai hpc kinh nghiem riit ra cho Vi^t Nam Vdi viec nghien cffu cac md hinh tff chu dai hpc cua cac qudc gia phat trien tren the gidi nhff Nhat Ban, Hoa Ki va Singapore nhff vffa phan tich tren, ed the tha'y rad hinh tff chu dai hpc cua radi nffdc deu cd rapt the raanh rieng va deu cd nhffng tfu diera dang de Viet Nam hpc tap. DT nhien, thtfc hien tff chu dai hpc la ca rapt qua trinh va can rat nhieu thdi gian de cho tha'y ket qua cua nd. Hdn nffa trong qua trinh ap dung, nhffng ffu diem trong md hinh tff chu cua cac nffdc cd the rat td'i ffu tai qud'c gia sd tai nhffng khi ap dung tai Viet Nara lai td ra khdng hdp ly, chinh vi vay can cd stf chpn lpc ki cang nhffng the raanh cua cac rad hinh tff chu tren the gidi phu hdp vdi tinh hinh phat trien cua nffdc ta, tranh trffdng hdp trong qua trinh ap dung khdng hieu qua. Nhffng bai hpc kinh nghiem ma Viet Nam nen hpc tap tff md hinh cua cac nffdc la:
Thii nhdt, xdy dung he thdng qudn ly gido due dai hpc theo hudng phi tap trung.
Day la diera manh dffdc chinh phu My ap dung rapt each rat thanh cdng trong tien trinh tff chu dai hpc tai qud'c gia nay. Vdi viec xay dffng he thd'ng quan ly giao due dai hpc theo hffdng phi tap trung, giao due ndi chung va giao due dai hpc ndi rieng se dffdc xem nhff la rapt loai hinh dich vu xa hdi.
Tac gia cho rang, giai phap nay se trao cho cac
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trffdng dai hpc d Viet Nara quyen t^ chu rat cao ve cac mat va quyen ttf quyet nay vIn nam trong khudn khd phap luat. Vai trd quan ly cua Chinh phu ddi vdi boat ddng cua trffdng dai hpc theo xu hffdng nay se giam di rat nhieu, viec can thiep qua sau vao boat dpng cua cac trffdng dai hpc nhff bien nay cd the kira ham sff phat trien va sang tao cua nha trffdng. Can dieu chinh mdi quan be giffa Bp Giao due va cac trffdng dai hpc nhff each ma ngffdi Singapore da lam, thay vi trffc tiep quan ly cac trffdng dai hpc nhff dang ap dung hien nay, Bd Giao due khdng nen can thiep vao hoat dpng cac trffdng dai hpc raa de cac trffdng van hanh theo cd che thi trffdng. Tham quyen cua Bd Giao due chi dffng lai d viec kiem soat van de kiem dinh chat Iffdng giao due va quan ly d tam vi rad raa thdi.
Thii hai, phdi thdnh lap Hoi dong trudng vd tap trung ndng cao hieu qud hoat dpng cua Hoi dong trudng.
Viec ddi mdi phffdng phap quan ly dai hpc tff truyen thd'ng sang tff chu vdi trpng tam la xay dffng Hdi ddng trffdng, day la cd quan rat quan trpng va quyen lffc bac nha't trong trffdng dai hpc, cd quan nay la cd quan quyet dinh stf tdn vong cua rapt trffdng dai hpc. Hdi ddng trffdng can thiet nen la dd'i trpng vdi cd quan dieu hanh dat dffdi quyen hieu trffdng. Cac thanh vien trong hdi ddng trffdng vi vay phai la nhffng ngffdi cd nang lffc chuyen mdn td't va can phai tang tinh hieu qua cua cd quan nay trong cd che quan ly cua mdt trffdng dai hpc. De lam dffdc viec dd, chung ta cd the hpc hdi rad hinh cua Singapore khi quy dinh thanh vien trong hdi ddng trffdng bao gdm ca nhffng chuyen gia den tff ben ngoai, dd cd the la doanh nhan, nha quan ly giao due gidi, thara chi la cffu sinh vien, hpc vien ciia trffdng va thanh phan nay la bat buoc de dara bao tinh khach quan, giam sat, xffng dang la ddi trpng vdi cac cd quan dieu hanh khac cua trffdng dai hpc. Quy dinh ve thara quyen
cung nhff thanh phan trong Hdi ddng trffdng chinh la each thffc lam tang tinh hieu qua trong hoat dpng cua cd quan nay, cung nhff md hinh tijf chu dai hpc ndi chung.
Thii ba, trdnh viec dp dung mot cdch tiiy tien hoac mdy moc cdc mo hinh tu chU tren the gidi
Cac md hinh tff chu dai hpc tren the gidi tuy la ra't phu hdp va da td rd dffdc nhffng ffu diem cung nhff ket qua dat dffdc trong qua trinh dao tao, tuy nhien viec ap dung nguyen mau cac mo hinh vao he thdng quan ly giao due dai hpc d Viet Nam la dieu khdng nen. Bdi le, viec ap dung mot mo binh tff chu dai hpc khdng chi phu thuoc vao cac dieu kien ndi tai trong he thdng giao due dai hoc cua mdt qud'c gia ma cdn phu thuoc vao cae yeu td' khach quan khac nhff dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi, trinh dp dan tri, he thd'ng phap luat, ehinh sach phat trien... Vi vay viec be nguyen xi nhu'ng gi cac nffdc da lam vao Viec Nam la mot each lam tuyet dd'i can tranh. Tac gia cho rang, each tdt nhat la van dung linh boat nhffng diem manh cua cac md hinh tren the gidi de ap dung tai Viet Nam tren cd sd can nhac ki Iffdng ve mffc do phu hdp va tffdng quan giffa sff phat trien ciia Viet Nara va the gidi.
5. Kd^t luSn
Tff chu dai hpc chac chan se la xu hffdng chu dao trong ban dd phat trien cua he thdng cac trffdng dai hpc tren the gidi. Viec nam bat xu hffdng, danh gia tinh hinh va hpc hdi cac mo hinh thanh cdng cua cac nffdc di trffde la viec chiing ta nen lara. Tff chu dai hpc d Viet Nam se eon mot chang dffdng dai phia trffde vdi rat nhieu thff thach va rao can can dffdc thao gd nhffng cd mot dieu chac chan la viec tiep thu kinh nghiem cua the gidi va rut ra bai hpc cho chinh minh ludn la each lam hieu qua va it mat chi phi nha't ma chiing ta co the van dung trong nhieu ITnh vffc, trong dd co giao due dai hoc •
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN:
'http://tuyensinhvnuk.edu.vn/xu-huong-quoc-te-hoa-giao-duc-dai-hoc/
^ThS. Trdn Ddng Huy, Thuc trgng vd gidi phdp thuc hien tU chu dgi hoc cua dgi hoc Hue, cdc trUdng dai hoc thdnh vien cua dan vi true thuoc, Bdo cdo Hoi nghi tu chu dgi hoc, Dgi hoc Hue', thdnh phd Hue, 2018, tr.l
^Luang Vdn Hdi, Vai trd nhd nudc trong md rong quyen tu chu cua cdc trUdng dgi hoc cdng lap Viet Nam, Ludn dn tien sTkinh te, Trudng Dgi hoc Kinh te Qudc ddn, Hd Noi, 2012, tr.4.
QUAN TRj - QUAN LY
''http://aptech.fpt. edu. vn/chitiet.php ?id- 808
^T6 chUc Hap tdc vd Phdt trien Kinh te (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) cd muc dich la detim ra cdc chinh sdch phdt trien kinh te ciing phuc lai cua ngudi ddn.
^Trinh Ngoc Thgch, Chinh sdch phdt trien gido due dgi hoc: Nhitng thdnh cong d cdc nUdc phdt trien vd gai y bdi hoc cho Viet Nam, Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN: Nghien cUu gido due, tap 33, sd 1 (2017), Tr. 81.
''Luang Vdn Hdi, Vai trd nhd nudc trong md rong quyen tU chii ciia cdc trudng dgi hoc cong lap Viet Nam, Ludn dn tien sTkinh te, Trudng Dgi hoc Kinh te Qudc ddn, Hd Noi, 2012, tr.ll.
^http://thuongtruong.com.vn/tin-tuc/trong-nuoc/tu-chu-dai-hoc-kinh-nghiem-va-bai-hoc-tu-singapore-7491.html
^http://thuongtruong.com.vn/tin-tuc/trong-nuoc/tu-chu-dai-hoc-kinh-nghiem-va-bai-hoc-tu-singapore-7491.html
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Luat Gido due dgi hoc ndm 2012.
2. http://aptech.fpt. edu. vn/chitiet.php ?id=808
3. Trinh Ngoc Thgch, Chinh sdch phdt trien gido due dgi hoc: Nhiing thdnh cong d cdc nUdc phdt trien vd gai y bdi hoc cho Viet Nam, Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN: Nghien cUu gido due, tap 33, sd I (2017), Tr. 81.
4. Luang Vdn Hdi, Vai tro nhd nudc trong md rpng quyen tU chii cua cdc trUdng dgi hoc cdng lap Viet Nam, Ludn dn tien sTkinh te, Trudng Dgi hoc Kinh te Qudc ddn, Hd Noi, 2012, tr.4, tr.ll.
Ngay nh§n bai: 19/9/2018
Ngay phan bien danh gia va suTa chtfa: 29/9/2018 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 9/10/2018
Thong tin tdc gid:
TRAN THI NHAT ANH
Khoa LuSt Kinh te' - Trtfcfng Dai hpc Luat, Dai hoc Hue'
UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY MODELS OF SOME COUNTRIES AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM'S EDUCATION SYSTEM
• TRAN THI NHAT ANH Faculty of Economic Law University of Law, Hue University
ABSTRACT:
The university autonomy has estabhshed and developed over last decades across the world.
There are many university autonomy models which have been witnessed. This paper is to analyze university autonomy models in the world and then suggest sorae appropriate models for Vietnam's education system.
Keywords: University autonomy, Univerity, university governance.
So 13-Thdng 10/2018 225
