TAP c i i cone TIttfdNK
VAN DE THU HUT VON DAU TU^NU^6C M OAI HIEN NAY TAI VIET NAM
• TRAN THI BICH DUNG - TRAN BA THO
TOM TAT:
Diu tu nuac ngoai la mpt n-ong cac boat dpng ciia nen kinh tl mo hipn nay. Thu hut von dau tu nuac ngoai la van de duoc quan tam doi vai cac nuoe dang phat trien. dae bi?t la eac nu6c kem phat trien. Bai v i. do la mpt trong nhiing nhan to quan trpng gop phan thiie day tang truang kinh le trong dai ban.
Tir sau khimg hoang kinh te 2008-2009. v6n d^u hi nuac ngoai dSng ky tai Vi?t Nam ngay cang gia tang va co sy but pha nhimg nam gan day. Nguyen nhan la Vi?t Nam d3 eai thipn dan nhiJng nhan to thu hOt von dau tu nuac ngoai. Hien nay, trong boi canh chien tranh thuang mgi giiia Hoa Ky va Trung Quoc. ciing vai dai dichCovid-!9da vadang hoanbhanhocacquoc gia.
eac eong ty da quoc gia cua Hoa K\. Anh. Nhat Ban.... ten ke hogch djch chuyen chuoi cung img toan cau tir Trung Quoc sang cac nuac trong khu vyc nhu Indonesia, Thai Lan, Vi^tNam,...
Day la ea hpi va cung la thach thirc doi voi Viet Nam trong vipc thu hut von dau tu nu6c ngoai n6i chung \a FDl noi rieng, Nhi^m vy dat ra cho Chinh phii li phai nhanh chong c6 nhQ-ng giai phap thich hpp de don nhan tan song dau tu nuoe ngoii nay.
Npi dung ciia bai v iet nhJm danh gia thyc trang thu hut von dau tu cua Viet Nam trong th^p nien gan day (2010-2019), quadode xuat cac giai phap cap bach de don nhan cochpn Ipc d6ng vdn dau tu nuac ngoai sjp tai.
Tir lihoa: Dau tu nuoe ngoai. nhan to anh huong, thu hut diu tu nuoe ngoai, giai phap.
I. D^t van de
Hien nay. tang trudng kinh te trong dai han va nang cao miic song cua nguoi dan la nhirng muc tieu hang dau ciia Chinh phii cac nuac. Sy tang truong kinh te trong dai han khong nhirng phu thupe vao tien bp khoa hpc - ky thuat, ma con phy thupc vao su tuong tac giira cac nude trong boi canh kinh te the gioi ngay cang phu thupc ehat che voi nhau. Su tuong tac nay khong chi the hien 6 v iec trao doi mua ban hang hoa giira cac nude, ma con the hien nguon von liru dpng tir nude nav sang nude khac. hay ndi each khac I.I dau tu vdn ra nude ngoai. \'iec thu hiit von dau ur luroc ngoai -^c gdp phan lam tang nang suat lao ddnLi \.-i hdi. giai quyet cdng an viec lam va 'aiig ilui iih.ip cua iigudi lao dong. hpc hoi tien bp
Chinh vi ly do tren, trong nhirng nam qua, tir sau khi Viet Nam gia nhap WTO, Chinh phu thi;c hien hang loat cac chinh sach, bien phap nham thu hiit von dau tu nuac ngoai. Tinh den cuoi nam 2019, ca nude cd 30.827 du an con hieu lire voi tong v6n dang ky 362,58 ty USD. V6n thuc hi?n luy ke cLia cae du an dau tu true tiep nude ngoai ude dat 211,78 ty USD - b^ng 58,4% tdng v6n dang ky cdn hieu luc. Rieng nSm 2019, von dau tu nude ngoai dang ky vao Viet Nam dat 38.02 ty USD, tang 7.2% so vdi nam ngoai. Trong do, von dang ky mdi la 16,75 iv LSD. vdn tang them la 5.8 ty USD con von dau tu thong qua gdp v6n, mua co phan la 15.47 ty LSD DSc biOi. tir sau khi xay ra chien tranh thuang mai My - Irung va dai djch Covid-19 lay Ian tren toan ihO gi^j, jong vdn d§u tu nude ngoai bat dau co sy di^h chuyan
KINH IE
V tir Trung Qudc sang cac nude lang gieng trong khu vue. trong do cd \'iei Nam. Dav la co hgi hiem cd de phat trien nen kinh te, do dd Chinh phu cin cd nhirng giai phap thich hop, kip thdi de iiep nh?n vdn dau tu tir nude ngoai.
Bai V iet d\ra vao sd tieu thong ke ve von dau tu nude ngoai va tinh hinh tang trudng kinh te cua \'i?t \.ini. ket hprp vdi phuong phap phan tich djnh tinh de danh gia thuc hi^n.
2. Cff sd ly thuyet dau tu* nirdc ngoai 2J. Ddu ttrnu&c ngodi la gi?
Dau tu nude ngoai la vi?c cac to chtic, ca nhan 1 ciia nidi qudc gia dua von vdi cac hinh thirc khac J nhau vao mpt quoc gia khac de tien hanh cac boat
dpng san xual kinh doanh lim kiem lgi nhuan.
Dau tu nude ngoai dupe thyc hien dudi hinh thirc dau tu trye tiep hoSc dau lu gian tiep.
Khoan von dau tu dupe sd hiru va dieu hanh ho^t dpng bai td chirc nirdc ngoai dugc ggi la dau tu trye ticp tir nude ngoai. Vi du: Cong ty 6 td Ford cd the \;iv dyng nha may xc hoi d Mexico.
Khoan v on dau tu dupe tai trp bdi lien d nude ngoiii nhung dirge dieu hanh bdi ngudi trong nude ggi la dau tu gian tiep. Vi dy, ngudi dan Hoa K.V ed the mua cd phieu ciia mpt cong ty co phan d Mexico
Trong ca hai trudng hgp nay, ngudi dan trong nude cung cap cac nguon luc can thiet de lam gia tang tru lugng von d nude ngoai. Dieu nay cd nghia, tiet kiem cua ngudi dan trong nude dang dugc sir dung de tai trg cho dau tu d nude ngoai.
Dau tu tir nude ngoai khdng cd hieu ling giong nhau tren tat ca cac thude do su thjnb vuong cua nen kinh ic \ d se lam cho GNP cua nude nhan dau tu gia tang it ban gia tang GDP cua nude dd.
2.2. \ di trd cita ddu tu nu&c ngodi Dau tu tir nude ngoai la mot each de giiip mdt qude gia phai trien. Mac dii. mdt so lgi ich tir dong von dau tir quay tro lai ngudi chii sd hiru nude ngoai, dau tu tir nude ngoai se lam tang trir lugng vdn cua nen kinh ic dudi hinh thiic may mdc. thiit bj. nha \ucmg. dan den nang suat lao ddng cao ban va tien lucmg cua ngudi lao dpng dugc cai thien. Hon the nira, dau tu nude ngoai
la mdt each de cac qudc gia ngheo hpc hoi cac cong nghe da dugc phat trien va dang dugc su dung d cac quoc gia giau hon. Mai khac, dau tu nude ngoai cdn giai quvet cong an viec lam.
giam bdt ty le that nghiep cho cac nude nhan dau tu. Chinh vi nhihig ly do na\. nhiSu nha kinh te khuyen Chinh phu cac qudc gia kem phat trien img hp cac chinh sach khuyen khich dau tu tir nude ngoai.
2.3. Cdc nhdn td thu hut vdn dau tu nu&c ngodi
2.3.1 \ldi truang chinh tri - va hdi Su dn djnh chinh tn - xa hpi cd y nghia quyet dinh den v iec huy dpng va sir dung co hipu qua von dau tu, dac biet la dau tu nude ngoai. Mpt khi tinh hinh chinh tri khong dn djnh thi muc tieu va phuong thirc thyc hien mye tieu cung thay doi. Hau qua la lgi ich cua cac nha dau tu nude ngoai bi giam nen long tin cua hp bi giam stit.
Mae khac, khi tinh hinh chinh tri - xa hpi khong dn dinh, Nha nude khdng dti kha nang kiem soat hoat dpng ciia cac nha dau tu nude ngoai se dan den van de la eac nha dau tu boat dpng theo muc dich rieng, khong theo djnh hudng chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ciia nude nhan dau tu.
Do do. hieu qua sir dung vdn dau tu rat thap.
2 3.2. Mdi truang kinh ti vT md
Day la dieu kien tien quyet ciia mpi quyet djnh dau tu. De thu hiit dugc von dau tu nude ngoai, nen kinh te trong nude phai la noi an toan cho sy van ddng ciia vdn dau tu va la noi ed kha nang sinh lgi cao ban cac nai khac. Su an toan ddi hdi mdi trudng vl mo dn dinh, dieu nay giiip tao dieu kien sir dung tot vdn dau tu nude ngoai.
Mue do dn dinh kinh te vT mo dugc the hien qua kiem che lam phat va on dinh tien te. Tieu chi nay dugc thuc hien thong qua cac cdng cu eua chinh sach tai chinh - tien te
2.3.3. Hodn thien he thdng phdp lugt Mgl he thong phap luat dong bp, hoan thien va van hanh hihi hieu la mgt trong nhung yeu to tao nen mdi trudng kinh doanh thuan lgi. djnh hudng va ho trg cho cac nha dau tu nude ngoai.
\ an de ma cac nha dau tu nude ngoai quan tam
So 12-Thang 5/2020 71
TAP CIJ CONG Tltffl(N6
la: Mdi trudng canh tranh lanh manh. quyen sd hiru tai san tu nhan dugc phap luat bao dam; Quy che phap ly ciia v iec phan chia Igi nhuan, quyen hdi huong Igi nhuan ddi vdi cac hinh thuc van dpng cu ihi ciia von nude ngoai; Quv djnh ve thue. gia, thdi ban thue dat. Bdi tat ca cac yeu td nay tae ddng true tiep den gia thanh san pham va ty suat lgi nhuan.
Neu giai quyet tdt nhiinng van de ma cac nha dau tu nude ngoai quan tam thi kha nang thu hiit von dau tu nude ngoai cang cao.
2.3 4 He thdng ca sd hg tdng ky ihiidt Ket cau h^ tang kv thuat tot la co so de thu hiit von dau tu nude ngoai va cung la nhan to thiie day boat dpng von dau tu nude ngoai dien ra nhanh chong, co anh hucmg quyet dinh den hi?u qua san xuat kinh doanh. Day la mdi quan tam hang dau ciia cac nha dau tu trudc khi ra quyet djnh. Quoc gia co he thdng thdng tin lien l^c thdng sudt, mang ludi giao thdng rdng khip, ngudn nang lugng ddi dao. he thdng cap thoat nude lot, cae co sd djch vy tai chinh - ngan hang thu^n tipn se tao dieu kien cho viec thu hiit vdn dau tu nude ngoai. Mirc dp anh hudng cua moi nhan to nay phan anh trinh dd phat trien ciia mdi qude gia vii tao mdi trudng dau tu hap dan.
2 3 5 He thdng thi truang ddng hd. chiin hrac phdt trien hudng ngoai
Cae nha dau tu nude ngoai tien hanh san xuat kinh doanh tai nude chii nha nen ddi hoi qude gia dd phai co mot he thdng thi trudng ddng bp, dam bao cho hoat ddng ciia nha dau tu dugc tdn tai va dem lai hieu qua. Thi trudng lao dpng la noi cung cap lao dgng cho nha dau tu. Thi trudng tai chinh la nai cho nha dau tu v a> v dn de tien hanh san xuat kinh doanh va thi trudng hang hda - dich V u la noi tieu thy san pham. luu thdng hang hda.
dem lai Ipi nhuan cho nha dau tu. He thdng thi trudng nay se dam bao cho loan bg qua trinh hoat ddng ^;in xuat kinh doanh dien ra thuan lgi.
Chien luge phat trien kinh le hudng ngoai la ihuc hien chien iuac hudng \c xuat khau Ma rdng thj truang xuai khau. nang cao nang luc canli ir.inh \oi cac qudc gia khac tao dieu kien
cai thien can can thuang mai, eh. '*•' '^"S tin cua cac nha dau tu.
2-3.6. Trinh do chuyen mdn ciii. •:'"'' loo dong
Ngudn lao ddng v ira la nhan td de thu but. vira la nhan to su dung cd hieu qua vdn dau tu nude ngoai. Trinh do lao dpng phii hgp vdi yeu cau, nang luc quan ly cao se tao ra nang suat lao dpng cao. Ben canh dd, cac nha dau tu nude ngoai sS giam mgt phAn chi phi dao tao va bdt dugc thdi gian dao tao nen tien dp va hi?u qua ciia cac dy an se dat diing theo muc tieu de ra. Vi vay, nude chu nha phai tich cue nang cao trinh dp dan tri ciia ngudi lao dpng de khong chi nang cao kha nang tiep can cong ngh^ - ky thuat tien tien ma con nang cao ky thuat quan ly kinh te.
2 3 7. Tinh hinh chinh Iri - kmh le cua khu vue vd tren ihe gidi
Khi moi trudng kinh te - chinh trj trong khu vyc va the gidi on dinh. khong co su bien dpng khiing hoang, cac nha dau tu se yen tam va t§p trung ngudn luc de dau tu ra ben ngoai. Cac nude tiep nhan dau tu cd the thu hut dugc nhieu vdn dau tu nude ngoai hon. Su thay ddi ve cac chinh sach ciia nude chii nha de phii hgp vdi tinh hinh thuc te, doi hdi cac nha dau tu nude ngoai phai cd thdi gian tim hieu va thich nghi vdi sy thay ddi dd. Hon nu-a, tinh hinh ciia nude dau tu cung bj anh hudng nen hp phai tim hudng dau tu mdi dan den thay ddi chien luge dau tu nude ngoii cua hp.
3. Tinh hinh thu hut von dau tir nirdc ngoii hien nay
3.1. Tren the giai
Theo dy bao ciia cac chuyen gia, ho?t dpng dau tu qudc te dang va se chiu nhieu tac dgng.
Su canh tranh, gianh anh huang dja chinh trj ciia cac cudng quoc My - Nga - Trung. su xung dpt thuang mai giira .Mv - Trung ciing v di gia dSu mo d muc thip khien cho biic tranh kinh te, chinh tn toan cau eang am dam. Nhirng rui rodia chinh trj lam cho mdi trudng chinh tri. kinh tc. \a hpi toan cau trd nen bat trac hon, ihiie day i.im iy phong ve. CO cum. do do lam suy yeu dimy u, j ^ u (jj
KINH TE
Hdi nghj Lien Hgp qudc ve Thuong mai, Dau tu va Phat trien (UNCTAD) ude tinh vdn dau tu ciia the gidi d3 giam tir 2.034 ty USD trong nam 2015 xudng cdn 1.297 ty USD trong nam 2018.
Nguv cn nhan do cac nha dau tu Hoa Ky Ian lugt rdi khdi Trung Qudc, An Dg - la nhung nude cd ehi phi nhan cdng gia tang lien tyc, ddng thdi de t^n dyng cac cai each thue dugc chinh quyen Mv thdng qua nam 2017. Ket thiic nam 2019, ddng vdn dau tu qudc le phyc hdi d mirc khiem tdn, d?t khoang 1.370 - 1.500 ty USD. Them vao do, d^ii dich Covid-19 da biing phat va lay Ian khap cac qudc gia tren loan cau, da anh hudng tieu cue den dong vdn dau tu qudc te. Chuyen gia kinh te cua Lien Hgp quoc dy doan dau tu trye tiep nude ngoai loan cau co the giam tdi 15% do su biing phat ciia Covid-19. Ngoai vipc vdn dau tu trye tiep nude ngoai toan cau giam siit manh, con CO sy bien dgng ve dich chuyen ddng vdn dau tu lurdc ngoai. Cy the, dong von dau tu nude ngoai cd ,xu hudng djch chuyen tir nha may san xuat cua the gidi sang cac nude lang gieng trong khu V ye. trong dd co Viet Nam.
3.2. Tgi I let .\aui
Nhirng nguyen nhan dan den vdn dau lu nude ngoai dang ky tai Vi?t Nam ngay eang gia tang
dac biet va cd su biit pha manh me trong nhiing nam gan day.
Thir nhdt. Su dn djnh ve mat chinh tri - xd hdi tgi Viel \am
On dinh chinh tri - xa hpi la mpt trong nhiing yeu td gdp phan quan trpng de thyc hi?n cac chinh sach phat trien kinh te. Nen chinh trj dn djnh se giiip cho Viei Nam co mdt nen hda binh va thjnb vuong. Can da>. nhirng bat dn chinh trj xay ra tren the gidi va cac nude trong khu vye da anh hudng it nhieu den tang trudng kinh te d cac nude nay va gay nhieu he luy nhu bat on xa hgi.
Ddi vdi viec thu hiit vdn dau tu, sy dn djnh chinh tri - xa hdi d Vi?t Nam da tao dugc niem tin manh me vdi cac nha dau tu trong nude va ngoai nude.
Cac nha dau tu san sing huy dpng vdn de gia tang dau tu. md rgng sin xuat. (Xem Hinh)
Thu hai. \4di truang kinb li vi md dn djnh virng chdc.
Trong thap men 2010-2019, tang trudng kinh te dat trung binh 6.3" o, day la mirc tang trudng kinh te cao hang dau tren the gidi. Ty le lam phat dugc kiem che d muc thap, can can thuang mai dugc thay ddi theo chieu hudng thang du, kim ngach xuat nhap khau hang nam gia tang manh me (nam 2019 dat 517 ty USD). Du trii ngoai te
Hmh: Voi} dau tU nUdc ngoai fif 2010 • 2019 tgi Viet Nam
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So 12-Thang 5/2020 73
TAP C l l CONE TMlTDIVfi
quiK ijjj ngav t.ang gia tang, ng edng giam nhanh (nam 2019 cdn 56.1''o GDP), nang suat lao dpng nep tuc tang, nang luc canh tranh ciia \'iei Nam ngay cing duge cai thien tren bang xep hang ciia Diln dan Kinh te The gidi (nim 2019 xep thii 67/141 qudc gia viing lanh thd). Chinh vi va\.
trong nhirng nam gan day, Met Nam da co nhiing but pha trong thu hiit von dau tu tir nude ngoai.
Thir ba. Hi thdng phdp ludt cua Viet \am ngdy cdng duac hodn ihiin
Theo du thao bao cao ciia Bg Tu phap: Trong giai doan 2005 - 2019. he thdng phap luat ctia nude ta khdng ngirng dugc hoin thien. Cdng tac xa) dyng va hoan thien tren cac ITnh vyc ca ban dugc the che hoa kjp thdi. dav dii. dung dan dudng Idl, chii truang ciia Dang, dap img yeu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hgi va hpi nhap qudc te ciia dat nude. H? thong phap luat, chinh sach kinh te da dugc xay dyng tuong doi ddng bp, ca ban phii hgp vdi CO che thj Irudng djnh hudng XHCN.
Tuy nhien, he Ihdng phap luat chua thyc sy ddng bg. thdng nhat. van cdn cong kenh vdi nhieu hinh thirc vin ban. vdi nhieu ca quan cd tham quyen ban hinh. cdn cd du in luat chdng eheo, mau thuan. Tinh thich ung ciia he thdng phap luat chua thuc sy dap irng yeu eau phat trien kinh te - \a hdi. Chinh vi edn ton tai nhii-ng bat cap niy da anh hudng phan nao den v iec thu hiit vdn dau tu nude ngoai trong thdi gian vira qua.
Thir tu. He ihdng ca sdf ha tdng ky ihudt.
Nhirng co sd ha tang tao nen lgi the ciia Viet Nam trong v icc thu hiit vdn dau tu nude ngoai the hien o: He thdng khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te vi VI tri giao thuong qudc te. Theo thdng ke, tinh den thing 6'2019. ca nude hien cd han 326 khu cong nghiep v a 17 khu kinh te ven bien, trong dd tap trung nhieu d cac tinh, thinh phd nhu: Ha Ngi, Bae Ninh. Hai Duong. Ho Chi Minh, Ddng Nai.
Binh Duong, Long .A.n, Bi Ria - Vung Tiu, Can Tho He thdng giao thdng dudng bp duoc nang cap. md rdng vi xay dyng mdi. Su phit trien he thdng dudng cao tde nhirng nam gan day, dien hinh Li tuven Lang - Hda Lac. Da Nang - Quang Ngai. I ong Thanh - Dau Cnav. Sii Gdn - Trung Luang d.^. 'm ihanh nhirng vOu td thuan Igi, giiip
viec giao thuang gi&a eac tinh. th.i ''^ '^ ^^^^
te duge de ding ban, v ii-c luu chii> ^ • '^^ '^^^' nguyen vat lieu ciing nhd th^ dupe nhanh chdng va hieu qua.
Ngoii ra, Viet Nam co vj tri dia ly vd ciing thuan Igi cho vice giao thuong quoc te. Lanh tho nude ta cd hai mat giap bien. hai mat giap lyc dja vdi tdng chi^u dai dudng bien gidi hon 4.500kni va dudng bidn ban 3.200km. Vdi 49 cang bien, 8 cang hang khdng va 23 cira khau, Viet Nam la trung tam trung chuyen hang hoa qudc te tren true giao thuang Chau A - Thai Binh Duong, cd diJ dieu kien de md rdng giao thuong vdi eac quoc gia trong khu vue va tren the gidi.
Thir ndm. Chdt luang nguon nhdn lire ngdv cdng duac ndng cao.
Vdi dan so hon 96 trieu ngudi (nSm 2019), Viet Nam la mpt nude dang d trong giai doan dan sd vang, luc lugng lao ddng chiem ty Ip cao trong tdng dan sd (tren 50%), tde dp tang dan sd trung binh giai doan hien nay khoang 1,33%. Ngudn nhan luc Ire gSn vdi nhung diem manh nhu sire khoe lot, n5ng dpng, tiep thu nhanh nhiing cdng nghe mdi, di chuyen de dang.
Trong nhiing nim gan day, chat lugng ciia ngudn nhan luc Viet Nam ngay cang dugc nang cao do Chinh phii chii trpng dau tu vao giao dye cdng. Ngudi lao ddng dugc bdi duong ve van hda, dio tao tay nghe, nang cao trinh dp chuyen mon da gop phan tang nang suat lao dgng ciia Viet Nam. Nhu vay cd the thay, ngudn nhan luc ciia nude ta hien tai co the dem lai lgi the canh tranh trong viec thu hiit von dau tu nude ngoai.
Tim sdu. Tinh hinh kinh li - chinh tri cita khu virc vd tren thi gidi.
Chien tranh thuang mai My - Trung khdi dau vio ngay 22/3/2018 vi dang tiep diln cho den nay. Sy xung dot ve thuang mai giua hai cudng qudc kinh te da vi sg mang lai nhiing co hpi va thach thue cho kinh te Vipt Nam. Mgt trong nhiing co hpi mang den cho nude ta chinh li von dau tu nude ngoai. Ngoai sy kien tren, dai djch Covid-19 da biing phat vi lay Ian khap cac qudc gia tren toin th6 gidi. trong do cd Vi^; \ a m . Cho den nay, theo dinh gia cua Td chirc Y ic I he gidi
74 So 12 -It?- - 5 / 2 0 2 0
KINH TE
(\\ HO) Vi?t Nam bude dS thanh cong trong viec ngan ch$n d^i djch Covid-19 \ i dugc cac nude cdng nh^n.
Trudc nhiing sy kien tren, 4 thing dau nam 2020 CO 12.33 tv USDvondSngkydautuvioXiei Nam. Nhieu nhi dau tu nude ngoii tir Singapore.
Thii Lan. N hai Ban. Trung Quoc. Han Quoc. Dii Loan vio \'ict Nam de tim hieu ca hgi dau tu true tiep ho^c dau tu dudi hinh thue mua ed phan. gdp von sin xuat kinh doanh. Vice cic tip doin da qudc gia xem xet djch chuyen vdn dau tu la thich thiie nhung cung la co hpi eye ky tdt cho nude ta.
Trudc het. Vi?t Nam sc ddi mat vdi khdng it kho khan khi phii cgnb tranh vdi nhieu ddi thii trong V iec thu hilt mpt phan ddng von chuyen dich tir nude ling gieng. Thu hai, Viet Nam se thu hut vdn dau tu nude ngoai nhu the nao va can gi tir cic nhi diu tu nude ngoai. Vin de dat ra cho chiing ta li phii ehpn Ipe va ddn cac ddng vdn ehat lugng phii hgp vdi myc tieu phat tnen ciia Vicl Nam.
4. Giai phap thu hut von dau tir nu-dc ngoii hifn nay
Tir khi chiing ta thinh cdng trong cugc chien chdng djch benh Cov'id-I9, vi the eua Vipt Nam ngiiy cang dugc nang cao trong khu vue va tren the gidi. Cie qudc gia. td chirc kinh te, xa hdi.
y te tren the gidi deu cdng nhan Viet Nam la mgt trong cac qudc gia chdng dich Covid-19 thanh edng. Hiep hpi Doanh nghiep Chau Au (Euroeham) danh gia cao cac bien phap cua Chinh phii Vict Nam khong nhirng bao v e sue khde cua ngudi dan ma edn bao \ e doanh nghiep trong nude va nude ngoai. \'iet Nam dugc cdng dong qude te danh gia cao v e phdng chdng dich.
tao niem tin cho cac nhi dau tu nude ngoai yen tam dau tu, kinh doanh. Hon niia, ddng von dau tu nude ngoai dang co xu hudng dich chu>en tir cac qudc gia khic vao \iet Nam. Day la eo hdi hiem cd de nude u tranh thii tiep nhan cd ebon Igc eac ddng vdn dau tu niy. vdi ngudn von ddi dao va trinh dg cdng ngtic cao. De thu hiit vdn dau tu nirdc ngoai cd chat luong cao. chiing ta can phai cd nhirng giii phap thich hgp trong thdi gian tdi:
Thu nhal, dn dinh chinh tn - .\d hdi.
Chung ta can tiep tuc ciing cd. duy tri dn djnh V e mat chinh trj - \ a hpi. tang cudng cdng tac an ninh qudc phdng. nham trinh roi vao cac cugc khiing hoang. Ben canh do. chiing ta cung phai chu trgng giii virng mdi trudng kinh te vT mo sao cho on djnh. cac chi tieu kinh te vi mo phai nam trong gidi han cho phep. Do la nen tang virng chac cho tang trudng kinh te trong dai ban, ddng thdi cung tao dugc niem tin ddi vdi cac nha dau tu nude ngoai. Ngoai ra, chung ta khdng dugc chii quan, loi la trong cdng tac phong, chdng dich benh Covid-19. Nang cao canh giac djch benh biing phat. tao mdi trudng an toan ve sue khde de thu hilt cac nha dau tu nude ngoai.
Thir hai. hodn thien hi thdng phdp ludt.
Chimg ta can liep luc hoan thien h? thdng lual phap sao cho ddng bg, thdng nhit. Ri soil lai cic du luat nham myc dich loai bd sy chdng eheo, mau thuan. Dan gian hda cie hinh thiie van ban va giao cho co quan cd tham quyen ban hinh. Ddi vdi dau tu nude ngoai. chiing ta can tao khung phap Iy bao dam cho cac boat ddng dau tu.
Cac chinh sach cd lien quan den dau tu nude ngoii phai tao dieu kien thuan lgi eho cae doanh nghiep boat dpng. phai dam bio quyen ehuyen tii san ciia hg ra nude ngoai sau khi thuc hien nghia vu tii chinh ddi vdi Nhi nude Viet Nam theo quy dinh cua phap luat. \'e mat hinh ehinh, tiep tye cai tien qu\ trinh. thu tuc dang kv. cip phep, giay chiing nhan dau tu sao cho dan gian, it tdn thdi gian va chi phi eho cac nha dau tu.
Thir ba. ve ca sa hg lang ky ihiidt.
Hien nay, chiing ta cd khoang 350 khu cdng nghiep vi khu kinh te ven bien, da va chuan bj di vao hoat ddng. Phan Idn tap trung d cac tinh, thanh phia Bae va phia Nam, ty le lap day cac khu cdng nghiep binh quan la 53%. Do dd, de ddn lan sdng dau tu mdi trong thdi gian Idi, Viet Nam phii chuan bj chu dio ve mat bang cho cac nha dau tu. Chinh phii. lanh dao cac ban nginh, dja phuang phai hudng dan cho cac ban quan Iy khu cong nghiep. khu kinh te chuan bj san mat bang nham dap irng nhanh chdng cho nha dau tu khi hp dich chuyen vdn dau tu vio Viet Nam.
So T2-Thang 5/2020 75
TAP H i Cine Tieopie
Ng<\ii ra chuii^: 1.1 can nang cap. xav dung mdi cJu duong. cang bien, san ba\ nham hoan ihien he thdng giao thdng dudng bp, dudng bien, dudng hang khdng phue v y cho nhu cau
\ an chuyen hing hda, nguv en vat lieu eua doanh nghiep trong nude va nude ngoai. He thdng nang lugng va cdng nghe thdng tin cin dugc dau tu md rpng de cung cap kip thdi cho cic nhi dau tu khi hg can sudung
Thir lu, sd luang vd chdt luang ngudn nhdn luc.
Do xung dot thuang mai Mv Trung, ciing vdi dai djch Covid-19 biing phit, cic ehu\ en gia kinh le trong nude ciing nhu cic to chue kinh le.
thuang mai the gidi dy bao se co lin sdng dich chuyen vdn dau lu nude ngoai tir Trung Qudc sang cac nude trong khu vue. trong dd co \ lei Nam. Cac cdng ly da qudc gia ciia Mv. Chau Au.
Nh^t Ban dang len ke hoaeh di ddi cac nha may tir Trung Qudc sang cac nude khac nhu Indonesia.
Thai Lan, Vi^'l Nam.... Trudc tinh hinh nay, Viet Nam can chii ddng xiiv dyng ke hoaeh vc ngudn nhan lyc. chuin bj sin sang cung irng mpt sd lao ddng Idn va trinh dp chuyen mon cao nham dap irng nhu cau eiia cic nhi dau tu nude ngoii.
5. Ket luan
\ d n dau tu nude ngoii la mgt trong nhirng nhan Id quan trgng gdp phan thiic dav tang trudng kinh te cua mot quoc gia. Dac biet ddi vdi nhirng
nude kem phat trien. diu tu nude ^^^^ ^ ' nhieu lgi ich cho dat nude.
\'i vay, V an d^ dat ra cbo Chinh | ^^c nude Id phai tranh thu thu hiit von diu tu lu.dc ngoai.
Kha nang thu hiit vdn phu thupc vio nhieu nhan td nhu: (Dn dinh chinh trj. mdi trudng kinh ic vT md. hoin thien he thdng phip luat.... Trong nhijng nam qua, Viet Nam da thuc hien tdt nhimg didu kien nay, dugc the hien qua vdn dau tu nude ngoai trong 10 nam gan day (tir nam 2010 - 2019) lien tuc gia tang, dac biet trong 3 nam 2017 - 2019 cd su biit phi manh me. Han nCia, trong bdi canh cupc chien thuang mai giiia Hoa Ky va Trung Quoc, ciing vdi dai dich Covid-19 xiy ra la dilu kien khach quan dan den ea hpi va thich thiic eho Viet Nam. Chiing ta ciing canh tranh vdi cac nude trong khu vyc trong vipc ddn nhan lan sdng djch chuyen chudi cung irng toan cau ciia cac cdng ty da quoc gia tu Trung Qudc sang eac nude lang gieng. Vi vay, Chinh phii ciing 12nh dao cic ban nganh, dja phuong can cd nhiing giai phap cap bach, chuan bj tu the, san sang tiep nhan co chgn Ipe vdn dau tu nude ngoai cd chat lupng cao.
Viec nghien ciru van de thu hut von diu tu nude ngoii hien nay tai Viet Nam la mdt van de Idn, ddi hdi phai nghien ciiu sau vi cy the ban.
Nghien ciru niy ggi md cho cac nghien ciiu sau nham di chi tiet hon vio tirng giai phip cu the"
[ \ i I . I K l T H W I K H A O :
L N Orcgorv \l.inkuv (2014), "Kinh le hpc vTmd ".Cengage Learning.
2 David Begg - Stanley Fischer- Rudiger Dombusch (2007). "Economics", Nha xuat ban Giao dye.
.•5 Toiij! cue Thdng ke (2019).
4 Cyc Dau lu nuac ngoai (Bo Ke hoaeh \ a Dau tir) (4 2020).
? Siii.-i,il Science-; C ac nhan id anh hircmg den \ iec thu hut FDl vao cac viing kinh te, itllp\ vi\ rcJi, \n iiuai-nluin-iii-Linli-huong-ioi-vtec-lhu-hul-fdi'Vao-cac-vung-kinh-le/4^3i ': t II . u, 2J -I 21120
n i i . i i I 1 icMii thicn he ihiing phap luai dap img yeu cau phal Uien kinh te - xS hpi, hllp a, . . ' / - -:'u-nQ-p!hip-lital-dap~ung-yeu-Lau-phal-lrten-kinh-le:xa-hoi.53'S!f,~ htm '.isan. vn/
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KINH TE
Ngav nhan bAi: 22/4/2020
Nga> phan bi^n d^nh gii vi sua chira: 2/5/2020 Ni:ii> chap nhan dSng bii: 12/5/2020 Tlidng tin tdt giu
I.ThS.TRVNTH! BJCH l)V\C.
Truiyng Dai hpc V i n Lang 2. ThS. TRAN BA THQ
Truimg Dai h^ic Kinh te TP. Ho Chi Minh
ISSUES OFACTTRACTING FOREIGN IN\ ESTMENT INTO VIETNAM
• Master TRAN THI BICH DUNG Van Long University
• Master. TRAN BA THO University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City
ABTRACT:
Attracting foreign investment is a matter of concern to developing countries, especially least developed countries, Because il is one of important factors contributing to economic growth in the long tem. Since the 2008 -2009 economic eirsis, foreign investment capital into Vietnam has been increasing and has made a breakthroughl in recent years. The reason is that Vietnam has gradually improved its factors allraeling foreign investment. Currently, m the context of the United States the United States - China trade war and the ongoing Cov id-19 pandemic, multinational companies of the United States, the UK and Japan are planning to move their global supply chains from China to other regional countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. This is an opportunity and also a challenge for Vietnam in attracting foreign investment in general and foreign direct mvestmeni (FDD in particular. It is important for the Government of Vietnam to quickly take appropriate measures to receive this foreign investment wave. This article is to assess the current situation of attracting investment of Vietnam in recent decades (2010-2019), thereby proposing urgent solutions lo seleciiv elv receiv e ihe up coming foreign investment flow
Keywords: Foreign investment, influencing factors, attracting foreign investment, solutions.
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