TAP CHl CONC THIfdNG
PHAN TICH NHtfNG THAY DOI VE GIA BAN LE DIEN SINH HOAT MCll
• PHAN DIEU HUdNG
TOM TAT:
Bai vid't phdn tich nhffng thay ddi ve gid ban le dien sinh boat mdi dffdc tang tff ngay 20/3/2019 song cdn nhieu ngffdi dan ehffa thffc sff hieu rd sff thay ddi nay. Didu do ed the ddn de'n nhffng bffc xuc, bd't binh trong ngffdi dan khi cam giae tang qua nhidu so vdi gid cQ, t^ng khdng dung 8.36%, va lo ngai khdng kidm soat dffdc chi phi tien didn do khdng hieu rd each tinh... Vi vay, rd't can cd thdng tin cu thd de ngffdi dan hidu rd, tin tffdng, cam thdng va chap nhdn vdi vide phai tang gia theo dung Id trinh cffa ngdnh Didn.
Tiif khda: Gia ban le didn smh boat, gid didn blnh qudn, dien nang tieu thu.
1. Dat va'n dd
Ngay 20/3/2019 Bd Cdng Thffdng da cd Quyet dinh so 648/QD-BCT ve dieu chinh mffc gia dien ban le dien binh quan vd quy dinh gid bdn dien [5]. Thed dd, gid bdn le dien binh quan dp dung tff ngay ra quyd't dinh se dffpe dieu chinh vdi mffc gia mdi la 1864.44 ddng/kWh (chffa bao gdm thue gia tri gia tang), tang 8.36% so vdi mffc gia ban le dien binh qudn trffdc la 1720.65 ddng/kWh. Quyd't dinh eung ban hanh gia ban le dien cho cac nhdm khach hang sff dung didn vd gia bdn dien cho cac ddn vi bdn le dien trong Phu lue kem theo.
Trong Quye't dinh gia ban le dien sinh boat dp dung tff ngay 20/3/2019 Id gid bac thang, gdm cd 6 bde. Sd' bde eung nhff dd ddi mdi bdc thang khdng thay doi so vdi bieu gid cu dp dung nam 2018.
Vi ngay dp dung Id ngay 20/3/2019 nen thdng 3 ed ea thdi gian tinh tien didn theo gia cu va theo gia mdi. Tren trang Thdng tm didn tff - Tap dodn Dien Iffc Viet Nam [2] cung da ed hffdng din cu the dd giup ngffdi dan hidu rd va cd the tff kiem tra each tinh tien didn trong thdng 3. Cung cd nhieu bai bao truyen thdng cho bieu gid dien mdi va nhffng binh ludn ddnh gia xung quanh thay ddi gia
didn binh quan sinh boat. Tuy nhien khdng ci5 nhieu bdi bdo tinh todn cu the va ddn giande thdng tin dd'n ngffdi ddn hieu ro ve nhiJng di^m thay ddi hoac nhffng bie'n ddng ed the khi ngiifli ddn sff dung khdng tang thdm hoac tang them sang cdc bae thang mdi so vdi trffde.
Nhieu ngffdi ddn, gia dinh khdng thffc sff quan tdm hay khdng cd day du thdng tin hoae chi diia vao thdng tin truyen thdng sd bd, nen thffdng ddn thuan ffdc Iffdng gia didn binh quan tang 8.36?t van sff dung nhff eu thi tien dien tang 8.36%, hau hd't khdng nghi den khi sff dung tang len so vfli mffc eu thi pbai chi tra them bao nhidu tien! Viec khdng ed sff chuan bi tam ly trffdc khi thay doi trong sii dung d mffc khac va gid d mffc khdc dan de'n ngffdi ddn cam tha'y bd't ngd khi ti^n dien thanh toan trong thdng 3 vd thdng 4 tang cao (khi bdt dau cd nang ndng, ede gia dinh phai diing nhieu quat, dieu hda, thie't bi lam mdt khac nen Iffpngdien nang eung tang so vdi trffdc thang 3 klu thdi tie't cdn mdt). Cd nhieu bffc xuc, phdn anh til ngffdi dan dffdc edc bdo ghi nhan vd thdng tin lai.
Tuy nhien, cd that sff la cac hp gia dinh vdn diing dien sinh boat nhff cac thang trffdc ma tien didn tang gap ddi hoae ed dung nhff truyen thdng den ngu'tJi
dan Id nhffng hd gia dinh sff dung dffdi , 400kWh/thdng phai tra them 7000 ddng/thdng - [j[ 77200 ddng/thdng [4]. Hay khdch hang dung dffdi
50kWh/thang se phai tra thdm khoang 7000 dong/thdng, bae 2 diing tff 51-lOOkWh, mdi thdng se phai tra thdm 14000 ddng, bde 3 khdch dung tff 101-200kWh/thdng thi phai tra them 3l600d, vdi bae4(dilngtff201-300kWh/thangthl phdi tra them 53100d. Vdi khdch hang dung trdn 400kWh/thdng thl phdi tra them trung binh 77200 ddng [11. Vdy cu thdcdnhffnggi thay ddi, thay ddi nhff the'nao trong bieu gid dien mdi va anh hffdng the' ndo dd'n tien ,„ dien can thanh toan khi ngffdi ddn sff dung didn nang /_ d md'c cu hoac tang thdm d mffc mdi?
2. PhSn tich thay ddi bieu gia dien ban le sinh boat mdi
De tra Idi ede eau hdi da dat ra can phan tieh
• • thay ddi bidu gid didn ban le sinh boat mdi so vdi bieu gia cu se dffdc phan tich qua mpt so' khia canh:
-Sdbde va dp dai bde thang bieu gia mdi vd cu.
- Thay ddi mffc gid d mdi bac thang va thay ddi gid trung blnh qua edc bae.
- Thay ddi tien didn phai tra d tffng bac thang.
t' Dd ddn gian nhffng cung khdng lam ma't y nghia .'' cd the gid thid't ede tinh todn sd sdnh trong didu :: kidn giffa 2 thdi gian khdng cd sff giao thoa giffa 51 tinh gid didn mdi va cu (1 thang theo gid cu hoan _• toan va 1 thang theo gid mdi hodn toan), eiing nhff
ehffa tinh thud VAT.
Tff sd'lieu Bdng 1 thayrd bieu gid ban le dien sinh hoat trffdc vd sau ngdy 20/3/2019 khdng
•1 thay ddi sd'bdc tinh gia (gdm 6 bac), cung nhff -• khdng thay ddi dp dai eua cac bac. Nhff vay, gia '••• dien binh quan se khdng chiu dnh hffdng eua
thay ddi ea'u true bde tinh gia (vl dffdc giff nguyen trffdc va sau khi thay ddi bieu gia) ma ehl chiu dnh hffdng tff thay ddi gia tffng bac tinh.
Dp chenh gid bdn le dien sinh boat tff bac I de'n bac 6 trffde va sau ddu d mffc tren 74% (Mffc chdnh tuyet dd'i la 1152 d/kWh vd 1249 d/kWh tffdng ffng cho trffde va sau khi tang gid). Nhff vdy, ne'u ndi hinh tffdng dii "cau thang" gid da "dd'c"hdnso vdi trffdc, cd the tha'y ro trong Hinh 1.Tff bdc 1 dd'nbacdbieu gia mdi deu tang ve tuyet ddi trong mdi bac va vdi edc bae thang sau tang nhieu hdn cac bac thang dau (bde 1 tang 129d/kWh, bac 6 tang 226d/kWh). Tang tffdng dd'i eao nha't tai bac sff dung ]0l-200kWh la 8.4%, tiep theo la bac 51-lOOkWh va 20I-300kWh deu tang 8.38%. Vide tang gid bde thang cao hdn tai ede bde sau d Viet Nam cung nhff mdt sd nffdc sff dung gid bac thang deu nham ban che' viec sff dung nhieu dien, cung nhff phu hpp vdi vide bu dap ehi phi cho dau tff va van hanh he thdng tai cac bdc thang cao. Tuy nhidn, cao hdn bao nhieu deu can tinh todn eu the va minh bach dd ed tinh thuyd't phuc.
Hinh 1: Thay doi gia tiJng bac gia dien ban le cho sinh hoat
Bang I. Gid bdn le dien sinh hoqt tnidc vd sou ngdy 20/3/2019 Gia ban ie di$n sinii hoat (d/ltWh)
Bac r 0-50 kWh Bac2:61-100kWh Bac3:101-200kWh Bac 4' 201-300kWh Bac 5:30M00kWh Bac6:>400kWh
Gia chenh tLI bac 1 den bac 6 (%)
Tnidc 1549 1600 1858 2340 2615 2701 74.37
Sau 1678 1734 2014 2536 2834 2927 74.43
Tang (d/liWh) 129 134 156 196 219 226
Tang(%) 8.33 8.38 8.40 8.38 8.37 8.37
Ngudn: [5], [6} vd linh todn cua tdc gid
So 11 -Thdng 6/2019 M l
TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
Bang 2. Thay ddi giu^a Gia ban ie di$n cho sinh hoat (d/ltWh)
B a d ; 0-50 kWh Bac2'51-100kWh Bac3:101-200kWh Bac4:201-300kWh Bac5:301-400kWh Bac 6' >400kWh Tang gia tCf bic 1 den bac 6 {%)
c d c b q c trong Trudo
1549 1600 1858 2340 2615 2701 74.37
mdi bieu gia dien sinh hogt Sau
1678 1734 2014 2536 2834 2927 74.43
Trudc (%)
3.29 16 13 25.94 11.75 3 29
Sau(%)
3.34 16.15 26.92 11.75 3.28
Viec tang gid giffa eac bae trong mdi bieu gia trffde va sau cung dffdc thd'y rd trong so lidu Bang 2.
Tang gid nhanh nha't la giffa bac 4 vdi bde 3 (25.92%) va bdc 3 vdi bde 2 (16.15%). Cdn gia didn binh quan cho sinh hoat thay ddi nhff the' ndo?
Cach tinh gid binh qudn didn ban le cho smh hoat khi cdng gid 6 bdc vd chia trung binh (cung nhff cdng va chia trung blnh de ed % tang gia cua 6 bdc thang) nhff mdt sd bai phdn tieh Id khdng hdp ly, cung nhff khdng cd y nghia. Ly do vi cac bac khdng deu nhau, nen ty trong cae bae ddng gdp trong gia binh qudn se khde nhau (cung nhff 1% tang d ede bae hoan toan khdc nhau). Gid didn binh quan cho sinh boat can dffdc tinh eho tffng bde hoae tinh ehung cho 6 bac vdi trpng sd la khoang each cae bdc. Cu thd edeh xde dinh nhff sau:
Gid dien binh qudn bdc I (0-50kWh): trffde 1.549 ddng/kWh va sau 1678kWh.
Gia dien binh qudn bdc 2 (tinh cho lOOkWh/thang):
50*1678 + 50*1734
Nguon: Tinh todn cua tdc gia
Vdi each xac dinh tffdng tff se ed gia didn blnh quan sinh boat dd'i vdi tffng bac (sff dung di6n 3 mffc Idn nha't eiia mdi bae) trong Bang 3. Tang gid dien binh quan ciia 6 bdc thang (bac cudi tinh mffc tidu thu 500kWh) la 8.36%.
Nhff vay, vdi mffc gia binh qudn 1720.65 ddng/kWh (trffdc) vd 1864.44 ddng/kWh (sau) trong quye't dinh thffc sff gan vdi mffc gia binh quan d mffc didn nang sff dung 201kWh/thdng, eu the la 1719.4d/kWh (trffde) va 1863.4d/kWli (sau). Khi tang mffc sff dung len 202kWh/thaDg thi mffc gia binh qudn da la 1722.4 ddng/kWh (trffde) va 1866.7 ddng/kWh (sau). Dffdng nhien cac mffc tidu thu dien d bde thang eao hdnseco gid binh qudn eao hdn nhff sd' lieu tai Bang 2.
Thffe sff gia didn binh qudn sinh hoat tang ngay trong mdt bac thang tidu thu nhff so' lidu dnh diicic tai Bang 4. Cd the thd'y ngay mffc tif 201 kWh/thang dd'n 300 kWh/thang se cd bidn d6ng cao nhd't ve gid binh quan (11.91%).
Vdi mffc gia binh quan thffc sff tai cdc bac thang tinh gia nhff vdy, tien dien phai chi tra tffdng ffng d cac bac se cd nhffng thay ddi cu the nhff trong so' lidu ke't qua tinh tai Bang 5. 3 mile
Bdng 3. Tdng gid dien binh qudn sinh hoqt trade vd sou tgi tCfng bdc thang
Trudc (d/kWh) Sau (d/kWh) Tang gia dien BQ (%)
Tang gia (d/kWh)
50kWh 1549 1678 8.33 129
tOOiiWh 1575 1706 8 35 132
200i<Wh 1716 1860 8.38 144
300i(Wh 1924 2085 8.38 161
400kWh 2097 2273 8.38 176
SOOkWtll 2218 2403 8.37 186 Nguon- Tinh todn cua tdc gin
Bdng 4. Tdng gid dien binh qudn sinh hoqt trong mdt bdc thang tieu thu Tang gia
blnh quan (%) Trudc
Sau
51 i<Wh-100i<Wh
1 58 1.60
101 kWh-200l(Wh
8.81 8.83
201kWh-300i<Wh
11.91 11.91
301 iiWh-400i(Wh
8 85 8 85
401 i(Wh-500kWh
5.69 5.68 Nguon • Tinh todn cua tdc gid Bang 5. Tien dien phdi trd tdng khi khdng thay doi mCtc suT dung di#n 1 thdngi
Tien dien trudc tang gia (d) Tien dien sau tSng gia (d) Ludng tien tang (d)
Tang(%)
50kWh 77460 83900 6450 8.33
lOOkWh 157450 170600 13150 8.35
200kWh 343260 372000 28750 8.38
300kWh 577250 625600 48350 8.38
400l(Wh 838750 909000 70250 8.38
SOOkWh 1108850 1201700 92850
8.37 Nguon - Tinh todn cua tdc gid
tidu thu didn nang cd td'c dp tang eao nha't (8.38%) tffdng ffng 200kWh/thang, 30kWh/thang vd 400kWh/thdng
So'lieu tinh toan cho thd'y khi gia dinh sff dung 50kWh/thdng dd'n 500kWh/thang, tien didn phdi chi tra hang thdng (chffa tinh thue' VAT) sau khi tang gid tang tffdng ffng 6450 ddng de'n 92850 dong. Ne'u tinh thud' VAT thi so' tien tra tang them 1 thdng khi sff dung cung mffc cii 50 kWh/thang de'n 500kWh/thdng se Id 7095d dd'n 102135 dong.
Gia dinh sff dung tren 300kWh/thang de'n 400 kWh/thang se phai tra thdm 53185 ddng dd'n 77275 ddng (tang dffdi 80000 ddng/thdng ne'u sff dung eiing mffc dien nhff trffdc).
Tuy nhien, khi xem xet mdt so' trffdng hdp phan dnh tren bdo chi tien dien gia dinh tang nhieu sau khi gid tang thi nguyen nhan do Iffdng didn nang sff
dung ciia gia dinh da tang len so vdi thdng trffdc dd. Dd lam rd thdm ti^n dien phai tra cd thd phai lang them khi chuyen tff bac nay sang bae khae dffpe thd hidn trong kd't qua tinh tai Bang 6.
Ne'u gia dinh sff dung dien thay ddi tdng 50kWh (tff 51kWh/thdng len lOOkWh/thdng), thi theo bieu gia mdi (chffa tinh VAT) se phai tra thdm 86700 ddng/thdng, tang them 100 kWh/thdng (tff 200 kWh/thang len 300 kWh/thang) thi sdtien phdi tra thdm Id 253600 dong/thang vd nd'u tang them 100 kWh/thang (tff 300 kWh/thang len 400 kWh/thang) sd tien tang tffdng ffng Id 283400 ddng/thdng.
3. Ke't ludn
Qua phdn tich bidu gid bdn le didn sinh hoat trffde va sau Quyd't dinh so' 648/QD-BCT vd tang gia dien tff ngay 20/3/2019 cho tha'y khdng ed
Bdng 6. LUdng tien phai tra tdng them khi tdng dien ndng suf dung tCfng bdc
Tlentr^
Trudc tang gia CdVAT10%
Sau tang gia Co VAT 10%
50i(Wh 77450 85195 83900 92290
60i<Wh 80000 88000 86700 95370
lOOkWh 185800 204380 201400 221540
lOOkWh 234000 257400 253600 278960
lOOkWh 261500 287650 283400 311740
lOOkWh 270100 297110 292700 321970 Nguon: Tinh todn ciia tdc gid
So 11 -Thdng 6/2019 143
TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
thay ddi ve cd'u true bde thang eua bieu gid (so bac va dp ddi bac khdng thay ddi).
Gia didn sinh boat tff bac 1 dd'n bde 6 cd dp chdnh la 74.43% (xu the'dd'c hdn so vdi bieu gid eii). Giffa cdc bac thang cd 3 mffc tang gid ed ban 101 kWh-200kWh,201 kWh - 300kWh vd 301 kWh - 400 kWh tffdng ffng 16.15%, 25.92% vd 11.75%. Mffc tang gid d mdi bde thang d bieu gid sau vd trffde khdng ddng nhd't, tdng cao nhd't tai mffc 101 kWh - 200 kWh (8.40%), tha'p nhat tai mffc 0 - 50 kWh (8.33%), cac mffc cdn lai tff 8.37% - 8.38%. Gia binh quan dien sinh hoat (bde cud'i 500 kWb) tang 8.36%.
Tien dien phai tra (tinh tai mffc cao nha't trong bdc thang) khi mffc sff dung khdng thay ddi trffde va sau tdng gid ed 3 mffc tidu thu tang eao nhd't (8.38%) tai 200 kWh, 300 kWh va 300 kWh, mffc tang tha'p nhd't (8.33%) tai mffc 50 kWh. Khi khdng thay ddi mffc sff dung so vdi trffde khi tang gid, eac hp sff dung tff 300 kWh/thang de'n 500
kWh/thang se tra tang them 48350 ddng den 92850 ddng.
Khi tang mffc sff dung dien trong thdng, n^u tang them 50kWh/thang (tff 5 IkWh/thang Idn 100 kWh/thang) se phai tra them 86700 dong/thang (chffa tinh VAT), tang them lOOkWh/thang(Kf 300kWh/thang Idn 400kWh/thang) sdtien tang tffdng ffng la 283400 ddng/thdng va thera 292700 ddng/thdng nd'u tang tff 400kWh/thang len 500 kWh/thang,
Qua ke't qua tinh cho tha'y ne'u khdng cd thdng tin dffdc lull giff va phan anh chinh xde tff gia dinh thi se khdng the cd trffdng hdp sff dung khong thay ddi ma tien dien thanh todn tang gd'p doi.
Phdn ffng cua ngffdi dan qua cae ddt tang gid dien eho tha'y vai trd quan trpng cua truyen thong noi chung, nganh Dien ndi ridng trffdc vd sau tang gia can thdng tin ro, minh bach, nham tao ra sii ydn tdm, tin tffdng, sfn sang ve tam ly, hieuva chap nhan tff phia ngffdi sff dung didn •
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN:
'Dien ndng sddung dmdc Idn nhdt ciia bdc (SOkWh/thdng, lOOkWh/lhdng...), chUa linh thue VAT.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Quyi't dinh sd'648/QD-BCT(20/3/2019), Quye't djnh ve diiu chinh gid bdn le binh qudn vd quy dinh gid bdn dien.
2 Quyi'tdinhsd4495/QD-BCT(30/ll/2017), Quydinhvigidbdndien.
3. Thdng tusd25/201S/TT-BCT (26/10/2018), Quy dmh mdi vi thUc hiin gid bdn diin.
4. Mohan Monashinghe and Jeremy J Watford (1982), Electricity Pricing, The Johns Hopkins University Press.
5. Ralph Turvey and Dennis Anderson, Electricity Economics, Essay anf Case Studies, Published for the World Bank.
The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore anf London, 1981.
6. Witild Teplitz-Sembiizky (1992), Electricity Pricing: Conventional views and new concepts. The World Bank Industry and Energy Department. PRE.
7. http://docbao.vn/kinh-te/nguoi-tieu-dung-phai-tra~them-bao-nhieu-khi-gia-dien-lang, 21/3/2019.
8. https://www.evn.com.vn/c3/evn-va-khach-hang/Bieu-gia-ban-le-dien-9-79.aspx, 27/5/2019.
9 https://standaviemam.net/gia-dien-kinh-doanii-2018,13/12/2017.
10. hltps://vnexpressnet/kinh-doanh/moi-gia-dinh-phai-tra-them-bao-nhieu-khi-gia-dien-tang, 22/3/2019.
Ngay nhjn bai: 7/5/2019
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chffa: 17/5/2019 Ngay cha'p nhjn dang bai: 27/5/2019
Thdng lintdc gid:
TS. PHAN DIEU Hlf(jNG
Vi§n Kinh te'va Quan ly, Tri^otng D^i hoc Bach Idioa Ha N6i
ANALYZING THE NEW RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY RATES
• PhD. PHAN DIEU HUONG School of Economics and Management, Hanoi University Science and Technology
ABSTRACT:
Residential electricity rates have been increased since March 20, 2019. However, up to now many consumers have not understood the new residential electricity rate calculation.
Many consumers concerned that their electricity rates were much higher than 8.36% than their previous electricity bills. These consumers concern that they cannot manage their electricity consumption. As a result, it is important to help consumers understand the new residential electricity rates.
Keywords: Retail electricity rates, average electricity price, electricity consumption.
