TAP CHi CONG THIftfNfi
PHAP LUAT CUA MOT SO NlJCfC VE CHIA TAI SAN CHUNG CUA V0 CHONG
TRONG THOfi KY HON NHAN
• TRAN THANH LUAN
TOM TAT:
Mdi mot qud'c gia, mpl khu vffc tr6n the gidi cd srf khdng ddng nhat ve cdc dieu kidn chinh tri, kmh te - xa hdi, van hda; truyen thd'ng, phong luc, tdp quan,... Sff khdng ddng nhd't nay la mdt trong nhffng yeu to hinh thanh nen sff da dang ciia he thd'ng phap luat cac nffdc. Bin canh nhffng net tffdng ddng, phap luat cdc nffdc cung co nhffng khdc biet cd ban phu hdp vdi dieu kign ciia tffng qud'c gia, trong dd cd vd'n dl ve chia lai san chung cua vd chong trong thdi kj"
hdn nhdn. Trong pham vi bdi viet nay, tdc gia xin gidi thieu phap luat cua mdt sd' quo'c gia ve mdt sd' hinh thffc dffdc xem la chia tai san chung trong thdi ki hdn nhdn. Qua dd cd the th^y dffdc nhffng rfu diem cua phap luat cdc nrfdc de van dung linh hoat vao dieu kien tinh hinh ciia Viet Nam.
Tff khda: Chia tai san chung trong thdi ky hdn nhan, Bd lual Dan sff Phdp.
1. Dat vS'n dd
Trong nen kinh te' thi trffdng hien nay, viec chia lai san chung khi hdn nhan cdn tdn lai la mdt yeu c^u ta't ye'u, thd hien quydn iff do ciia vd chdng dd'i vdi tdi san chung, ddng thdi lao dieu kien cho vd chdng ed thd thrfc hien dffdc cde yeu cau ve nghd nghiep, dau iff kinh doanh va cde nghia vu ridng ciia minh mdt each dpc lap ma khdng anh hffdng den ddi sd'ng chung eua gia dinh. Tff thffc tien cho thay, khi hdn nhan cdn tdn tai vd chdng cd the xdc lap ra't nhieu giao dich lien quan de'n tai san va se khdng the tranh khdi nhffng rui ro nhff mpl ben kinh doanh thua Id, ddn den pha san,... Viec giai quye'l hau qua eua nhffng riii ro nay trong nhieu trffdng hdp cd the anh
hffdng nghiem trpng de'n kinh le' ciia ca gia dinh, anh hffdng de'n cae dieu kien cham sdc, nudi dffdng con cai, anh hrfdng den Ipi ich ciia nhffng ngrfdi khac cd Hen quan den lai san chung cua vd chdng. Do vay, quy dinh ve chia tai san chung trong thdi ky hdn nhdn se gdp phan dn dinh cac quan he hdn nhan gia dinh, lao cd sd phap ly thffc hien eac quydn va nghia vu tai san eiia vd chdng.
2. Pbap luSt cua m^t so'nu'dc ve cbia tai san chung cua vd cbdng trong tbdi ky hdn nhSn
2.1. Phdp ludt Ddn sU Phdp
Ngay sau khi cupc canh mang Phap thanh cdng, BLDS Phdp da dffdc ban hdnh dffdi sff chi dao eua Napoleon Bonaparte - mdt nha qudn sff va chinh tri kiet xud't tren the gidi vao nam 1804.
lUAT
BLDS Phdp hay cdn gpi Id Bd luat Napoleon dffdc nhieu hpc gia trong ITnh vffc lap phdp xem nhff la ban "Hi^'n phap ddn sff" hoac drfdc vi nhff
"mot dai ky niem". Vdi nhan dinh nay da cho ehung ta tha'y sff trffdng tdn cung nhff tam quan trpng cua nd dd'i vdi phap luat dan sff tren thd' gidi. Vdi hdn 200 nam tdn tai vd dp dung, qua nhieu lan bd sung vd sffa ddi, cho de'n nay trong sd 2.285 dieu khoan hien dang cd hieu Iffc cd gan mpl nffa cac dieu lual van giff nguyen dffdc ca'u true va khdng lam thay ddi trat tff.
Tff khi ed hiSu Iffe vao nam 1804 cho dS'n nam 2000, BLDS Phdp dffdc chia thdnh ba quyen, trong dd danh rieng Thien V quyen thff ba de quy dinh ve khe ffdc hdn nhan va cac che dp tdi san ciia vd chdng trong hdn nhan. Vdi quy dinh ndy, che dp lai san ciia vd chdng bao gdm che' dp lai san phap dinh va che dp tai san ffdc djnh. Theo dd, vd chdng cd quyen Iffa chpn mdt ch^' dp lai san phii hdp vdi hoan canh, dieu kien kinh le'gia dinh. Che^ dp tai san phdp dinh la mdt giai phap mang tich cha't thay the' trong trrfdng hdp vd chdng khdng cd thoa thuan bang hdn ffdc, hoac vdi muc dich de vd chdng lffa chpn che dp tdi san ap dung cho hp. Dieu 1400 BLDS Phdp quy dinh:
"Che dp tdi san chung drfdc xac lap khi khdng cd khe rfdc hdn nhdn hoac khi vd chdng Irfa chpn kd't hdn theo che' dd tdi san chung". Che dp lai san ehung nay bao gdm hai khoi lai san la khdi lai san cd va khd'i lai san nd. Tai san chung cua vd chdng drfdc xac dinh nhrf sau:
- Tai sdn ma vd chdng tao ra trong thdi ky hdn nhdn;
- Tai san ma vd chdng cd dffdc tff edng vi6c ciia hp;
- Tai san la nhffng khoan tie't kidm cd dffdc do hoa Idi, Idi tffc tff tai san rieng cua vp, chdng;
- Tai san ma vd chdng drfdc thffa ke chung, dffdc tang cho chung hoac dffdc di lang chung;
- Tai san khdng chffng minh dffdc la tai san rieng.
Dieu 1401 BLDS Phdp cung quy dinh: Tdi san edng ddng "gdm nhffng thu nhap chung cila hai vd chdng hoac thu nhap ri6ng ciia tffng ngffdi trong thdi k>' hdn nhan va cd ngudn gdc tff cdng viec lam an ciia hp, cung nhrf tff nhffng khoan liet kiem cd dffdc do hoa Idi, Idi tffc tff lai san rieng cua ho". Trff nhffng tai san rieng do ban cha't cua
nd theo quy dinh ciia Dieu 1404 BLDS Cdng hda Phdp. Ben canh dd, Bd ludt nay cdn quy dinh trong trffdng hdp khdng chffng minh dffdc dd la tai san rieng cua vd hoac chdng theo quy dinh eua phap luat thi mpi tai san du la dpng san hay ba't ddng san deu drfdc coi Id thu nhap chung eiia hai vd chdng,
Nhffng tai san chung ciia vd chdng chi dffdc chd'm dfft khi cd nhffng can cff la m cha'm dfft theo quy dinh cua BLDS Phdp, trong dd cd viee tach rieng tai san ehung giffa vd va chdng. Dieu 1443 BLDS Phdp quy dinh ve viec tdeh ridng (chia) tdi san chung cua vd chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan nhff sau:
Ne'u do srf xao trpn trong cdng viec lam an eua vd hoac chdng, do vd hoac chdng quan ly kem hoac thieu dao dffc, ma vide duy tri che dp tai san chung gay phffdng hai de'n Idi ich cua ngffdi kia, thi ngffdi cd Ipi ich bi phffdng hai cd the yen cau Tda an cho tach rieng tai san. Mpi trffdng hdp Iff tach rieng lai san ddu vd hi^u.
Vdi quy dinh nay cdc nha lam lual cua Phap da drf lieu hai trffdng hdp chia lai san chung trong thdi ky hdn nhan:
Mot Id, trrfdng hdp cdng viec lam an cua vd chdng cd srf xao trpn, cd the theo chieu hrfdng cd Idi hoac ba't Idi trong cdng viee lam an. Lual Hdn nhdn va Gia dinh hien hdnh d nffdc ta ciing cd quy dinh irfdng iff nhrf irrfdng hpp thff nhd't nay la trffdng hdp chia lai san chung de vd chdng thrfc hien viee dau tff kinh doanh rieng.
Hai la, do vd chong quan Ij- kem hoae thid'u dao dffc, chang han nhff vd hoac chong cd hdnh vi phd tan tai san chung, hoac Iff minh thffc hien nhffng giao dich dan sff lam ton tha't khdi tai san ehung, anh hrfdng dd'n quydn Idi eiia gia dinh va cua ben kia. Ca hai trrfdng hdp tdeh rieng tai san chung nay chi drfdc ghi nhan thdng qua tda an.
Mpi trrfdng hdp vd chdng iff tach rieng tai san deu khdng cd gia in phap ly. Hau qua cua viec chia tai san ehung do se lam cha'm dfflche'dp tai san ehung ciia vd chdng. Trong khi dd, Lual Hdn nhdn vd Gia dinh hien hdnh ciia nffdc ta quy dinh cd sff khdc bidt vdi BLDS Phap khi cho phep thffc hien chia tdi san chung ciia vd chdng thdng qua viec Iff thoa thuan dffdc thffc hi6n tai cac van phdng cdng chffng va ihdng qua eon dffdng Ida dn. Nhff vay, chia lai san chung eiia vd chdng
So 2-Thang 2/2019 53
TAP CHi CJJNG THIftiNG
irong thdi ky hdn nhdn theo phdp ludt Viet Nam da "cdi md" hdn so vdi BLDS Phap. Ngoai ra, Dieu 1443 BLDS Phap cho thd'y, chi cd vp hoac chdng ed quyen yeu cau tach rieng tai sdn chung, ngrfdi thff ba cd lien quan khdng cd quyen yeu cau. Dieu 1446 BLDS Phap khdng dinh: "Chu nd cua riSng vd hoac chdng khdng cd quyen yeu cau tach rieng tdi san eiia vd chong ngffdi mac nd".
Ngffdi thff ba cd lien quan chi drfdc tham gia id' tung de bao ve quyen Idi cua minh va ne'u viec tdeh rieng tai san dffdc Tda an quye't dinh cd hai cho quyen Ipi ciia hp, hp cd quyen khang cao vdi Iff cdch ngrfdi thff ba khang an theo nhffng dieu kien do Bd lual id' lung dan srf quy dinh.
Viec tach riSng tdi san chung giffa vd va chdng dffdc quy dinh kha day du, ludn theo nhffng trinh tff ihu luc chat che. Dieu 1445 BLDS Phdp quy dinh nhrf sau:
Yeu cau tach rieng tai san giffa vd va chdng, ban an cho tach rieng tai san giffa vp va chdng phai drfdc cdng bd' theo nhffng dieu kien vd chi tai quy dinh lai Bd ludt td'tung dan sff, cung nhff theo cde quy dinh phap luat ve thffdng mai, ne'u vd hoac chdng la thffdng nhan;
Ban an tuyen bd'tach rieng tai san giffa vd va chdng cd hieu life ke tff ngay nop yeu cau tach rieng tdi san;
Ban an tuyen bd'tach rieng lai san giffa vd va chdng drfdc ghi chu ben le gid'y dang ky ke't hdn va ban chinh ciia khi rfde hdn nhdn.
Nhrf vay vdi ndi dung ciia dieu luat tren, viee chia lai sdn chung trong thdi ky hdn nhdn phai drfdc cdng bd' cdng khai va chi hrfdng de'n chii the vd, chdng la thrfdng nhan. Quy dinh nay cua BLDS Phdp nham muc dich loai bd hoac han che' de'n mffc tha'p nha'l nhffng iranh cha'p cd the phat sinh trong trfdng lai. Trrfdc lien Id de vd chdng nang cao trach nhiem ciia mdi ben vd chdng, ngan chan viec tdeh rieng tdi sdn nhdm muc dich trd'n iranh viec thffc hien nghia vu cua ban than.
Tie'p nffa la de ngrfdi thff ba ed quyen va nghia lien quan de'n lai san chung ciia vd chdng cd the bie'l dffdc sif djch chuyen tai san chung eiia vd chdng de cd nhffng dinh hffdng kip thdi de bao ve quydn vd Idi ich hpp phdp cho minh, chSng han nhff yeu cau thanh loan cdc khoan vay,...
Ngoai ra, phdp luat dan sff Phdp edn yeu cau ban an tach rieng tai san ehung phai dffdc ghi chu
ben le gia'y dang ky ket hdn hoac ban chinh cua khe ffde hdn nhan. Ddy la cd sd phdp ly quan trpng de chffng minh rd ngudn gd'c tai san trong trffdng hdp phat sinh nhffng tranh chap giffa vd va chdng hoac ngffdi thff ba cd lien quan den tai san ehung ciia vd chdng.
De dam bao Idi ich cua gia dinh, dac biet la eon cai sau khi ban dn lach rieng tai san chung cd hieu Iffc phdp ludt, BLDS Phdp cdn quy dinh them quyen va nghia vu eua vd chdng sau khi chia tdi san chung. Dieu 1448 BLDS Phdp quy dinh nhffng nghTa vu ma vd chdng phai thffc hien:
Vd hoac chdng da dffdc tach rieng tai san cd trach nhiem ddng gdp edc chi phi cho gia dinh va cho viec nudi day con theo kha nang ciia minh va cua ngrfdi kia. Ne'u mot trong hai vd chdng khdng edn tai sdn sau khi tach rieng tai san, thi ngrfdi kia phai tra he't cdc chi phi neu tren.
Nhrf vay, du viec tdeh ri6ng tai san chung drfdc thffc hien vdi muc dich gi thi vd chdng van phai cd nghia vu ddng gdp cham lo cho ddi sd'ng chung ciia gia dinh nhff chi phi sinh hoat hang ngay, mua sam vat dung gia dinh, cac chi phi khde, cde nghia vu dd'i vdi ngffdi thff ba ... Trong trffdng hdp mdt ben vphoac chdng khdng cdn lai san sau khi chia tdi sdn thi ngffdi vd hoac chdng edn lai phai thanh loan td't ca cdc chi phi lien quan de'n ddi sd'ng ehung eiia gia dinh. Dac bidt vd chdng phai ed nghia vu nudi day con cdi trong dieu kien hoan canh ciia ban than. Ngoai viec phai chi tra cho nhffng chi phi nudi day con nhff chi phi hpc hanh, an d, di lai,... vd chdng phai cd nghia vu cham lo cho sff phdt trien eua con. Bdi vi, chi cd gia dinh la ndi thich hdp nha't de nudi dffdng nhffng mam non ihanh nhffng edng dan td't, trd thanh ngudn Iffc quan trpng de phdt trien tffdng lai cua da't nrfdc.
Ngoai ra, BLDS Phap cung quy dinh ve hdu qua phdp ly ciia viec tach rieng tdi san nay. Che dp tai san chung cua vd chdng se cha'm dfft khi quyet dinh ciia Tda an cd hieu Iffc va dffdc chuyen sang chd' dp tach ridng tai san, tai san rieng cua ngrfdi nao se thudc sd hffu cua ngffdi dd. Dieu 1449 BLDS Phdp quy dinh: "Viec tach rieng tdi san do Tda an quye'l dinh cd hieu Iffc dat vd chdng dffdi che dp ciia cdc dieu 1536 va tie'p theo". Ngoai ra, BLDS Phap cdn quy dinh viec thanh loan cac khoan mi doi vdi ngffdi thff ba
LUAT
CO lien quan de'n tai san chung ciia vd chdng khi viec chia tach tdi san ridng cd hieu Iffc phdp ty tai Didu 1449:
Khi tuyen bo tdeh rieng tai san, Tda an cd the quye't dinh mpl ben vd hoac chdng se chuyen cho ben kia phan ddng gdp cua minh; ngffdi nay se mdt minh dam nhan giai quye't mpi hau qua trong hdn nhdn dd'i vdi ngffdi thff ba.
Vdi quy dinh iren cho thd'y, khi tuyen bd' tach rieng lai san Ihi viec ihanh loan eac nghTa vu vdi ben thff ba cd the dKCc Tda dn quye't dinh giao cho mdt ben vd chdng thanh toan sau khi nhan drfdc phan ddng gdp ciia ben cdn lai. Quy dinh nay se dam bao dffdc quyen Idi cua ngffdi thff ba.
Tff viec tim hieu mpl so' quy dinh ve che dp tai san eiia vd chdng cung nhff viec tach rieng tai san ciia vd chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan da cho chiing ta tha'y rang BLDS Phap da quy dinh khd day dii, chi tiet nhffng ndi dung ed lien quan de'n viec chia tdi san chung ciia vd chdng. Dd'i vdi Viet Nam, ddy chinh la nhffng quy dinh cd ra't nhieu ffu diem de nhffng nha lap phdp ciia chiing ta cd thd hpc hoi, ti^'p ihu nham gdp phan hoan thien he thd'ng phdp ludt ve HN&GD, trong do cd va'n de ve chia lai sdn chung ciia vd chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan.
2.2. Phdp luat dan sU vd thiidng mg.i Thdi Lan 0 Ddng Nam A, Thai Lan la qudc gia duy nha't khdng phai trai qua chi dp thupc dia. Tuy nhi6n, trong sud't the' ki XIX, de duy tri ehii quyen lanh thd eiia minh, Thdi Lan da ki ke'l hang loai cac hiep dinh song phffdng vdi cde qud'c gia phffdng Tdy nham phdt trien quan he thffdng mai. Cdc hiep djnh song phffdng nay da giup cho Thai Lan md effa thi trrfdng vdi cdc nrfdc phrfdng Tdy. Sff thay ddi ve thffdng mai da keo theo sff thay ddi ve xa hdi vd phdp ludt. Vi the, he ihd'ng phap ludt Thai Lan bi anh hffdng manh me bdi phap luat eac nffde phffdng Tay, dac bi^t la phap luat eua chau Au luc dia. Dau the'kiXX, Thai Lan tie'n hdnh cai each he ihd'ng phap luat va tff phdp. Ngffdi Thai da tie'p nhan he thd'ng triet ly phap ludt, td chffc tda dn va to' tung eiia phdp ludt chau Au va xem phdp ludt ciia Phap, Dffc, Thuy ST, Anh, Y va Nhat Ban la nhffng mo hinh cho viec xay dffng phdp ludt cua minh. Hang loai cac bp luat ciia Thdi Lan da dffdc ban hanh theo md hinh phdp luat ciia eac
nffdc ndy, trong dd cd BLDS vd thffdng mai nam 1925. Gan mdt the ky c6 hieu Iffc thi hanh cho de'n nay, nhffng quy dinh eua nd van cdn gid tri trong ddi sd'ng eua ngrfdi Thai. Nhffng quy dinh ve HNGD dffdc ghi nhan lai Quyen 5 iff Dieu 1435 de'n Dieu 1598 cua Bd ludt.
Do chiu anh hffdng eua phap luat chau Au luc dia nen quyen sd hffu cua vp chdng d Thai Lan cung drfpc dieu chinh bang hai phffdng ihffc: theo hdn ffdc ma vd chong lap ra trffdc khi crfdi va theo quy dinh ciia phap luat khi vd chdng khdng cd hdn ffde hoae hdn rfdc do vd hieu. Tai san cua vd chdng cung bao gdm tai san ehung "Sin Somros"
va tai san rieng "Sin Suan Tua".
Phan lai san chung "Sin Somros" ciia vd chdng theo quy dinh tai Dieu 1474 BLDS vd Thrfdng mai Thai Lan drfdc xac dinh bao gdm nhffng tai san sau:
- Tai san ma vd chdng cd dffpc trong thdi ky hdn nhan;
- Tdi san ma vd chdng cd dffdc trong thdi ky hdn nhan thdng qua mdt di chuc hoac tang cho drfpc lam bang van ban ne'u trong di ehiic hay van ban ndy tuySn bd' rd lai san do la tai san chung;
- Hoa Idi phdt sinh tff tai san ridng;
- Ngoai ra trong trffdng hdp tai san ed ngudn gd'c hdp phap khdc nhrfng khdng chffng minh dffdc la tai san rieng eiia mdt ben vd hoae chdng thi tai san do drfdc coi la lai san chung.
Can cff quy dinh tai eac Dieu 1488, Dieu 1484, Dieu 1491, Dieu 1598.17 BLDS va Thrfdng mai Thai Lan thi tai san ehung vd chdng chi ed the drfpc chia irong thdi ky hdn nhdn trong bo'n trffdng hdp eu the sau:
- Thii nhat, mpl ben vd chdng cd nghia vu lai san rieng nhffng khdng cd hoac khdng dii tai san rieng de thrfc hien, phai thrfc hien bdng phan lai san ciia minh irong khd'i tai san chung;
- Thii hai, vd hoac chdng la ngrfdi quan ly tai san chung "Sin Somros" ma cd nhffng hdnh vi vi pham nhrf: gdy md't mdt tai san ehung ma khdng cd ly do chinh dang; khdng giup dd ngffdi kia;
Idm vao tinh trang nd nan hoac chiu nhffng mdn nd vrfdt qud mot nffa gid tri tai san chung; can trd vp hoac chdng minh trong viee quan ly tdi san ehung ma khdng cd ly do chinh dang;
- Thii ba, ngffdi vd hoac ngrfdi chdng bi tuyen bdpha san;
So 2-Thang 2/2019 55
TAP GHi CONG THIftfNG
- Thii tu, mdt ben vd hoac chdng bi tuyen ma'l nang Iffc hanh vi va ngffdi kia bi coi la khdng thich hdp de 1dm ngffdi gidm hd va do dd cha hoac me cua ngffdi do hodc mdt ngffdi dffdc chi dinh lam ngffdi giam hd thi ngrfdi gidm hd dd se trd thanh ngrfdi ddng quan ly tai san chung vdi ngrfdi kia. Trong trrfdng hpp nay vd hoac chdng cua ngrfdi bi md't nang life hanh vi ed quyen ydu cau Tda an chia tai san chung ne'u cd tinh huong quan trpng gay ra nguy hai cho hp.
So vdi BLDS Phdp, BLDS vd Thffdng mai Thai Lan da md rdng them hai irrfdng hdp drfdc chia lai san chung ciia vd chong trong thdi ky hdn nhan. Trong dd cd trrfdng hdp chia tai san chung trong thdi ky hdn khi mdt ben vd hoac chdng bi luyen ma'l nang Irfc hanh vi vd ngrfdi kia bi coi la khdng thich hdp de lam ngrfdi giam hd. Phdp luat HN&GD nrfdc la cung chrfa quy dinh irrfdng hpp ndy. Vi vdy, trong thdi gian tdi can thie't phai bo sung ly do nay trong hrfdng ddn xdc dinh "ly do chinh ddng khac" de lam can cff chia lai san chung cua vd chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhdn nhrf BLDS va Thffdng mai Thai Lan da quy dinh.
BSn canh do, BLDS vd Thrfdng mai Thdi Lan cdn quy dinh them hau qua phdp ly ciia viec chia tdi san ehung. Dieu 1492 BLDS va Thffdng mai Thdi Lan quy dinh rd sau khi da chia tai san chung can cff vdo nhffng trffdng hdp neu tren, tdi san cua vd chdng se cd sff thay doi nhrf sau:
- Phan tai san dffdc chia cho mdi bSn vd hoac chdng trd thanh tdi sdn ri6ng ciia mdi ngrfdi;
- Ba't cff tai san nao ma ngrfdi vd hoac ngrfdi chdng cd drfdc sau khi chia tai san chung se la lai san rieng cua ngrfdi do vd khdng drfpc coi la lai san chung;
- Tdi san md vd chdng dffdc thffa ke chung, tang cho chung sau khi chia tai san chung trong thdi ky hdn nhan trd ihanh tdi san ridng vd chia deu eho ea vd va chdng;
- Hoa Idi thu drfdc tff tai san riSng sau khi chia lai san chung se Id tdi san rieng ciia mdi ngffdi.
Nhrf vay, sau khi chia tai san chung sau thdi ky hdn nhdn thi toan bp tai san drfdc chia va tai san cd dffdc sau khi chia deu Id tai san rieng cua mdi bdn vd chdng. Dieu nay da lam chd'm dfft hoan loan che'dp tai san chung giffa vd va chdng.
Che dd tai san chung ciia vd chdng sau khi chia da thay bang ch6' dp biet san ciia mdi ngffdi.
Ngoai ra, de dam bao ddi sd'ng chung cua gia dinh sau khi chia tai san chung, BLDS va Thffdng mai Thai Lan quy dinh ca hai vd chdng deu phii chiu trdch nhiem ihanh toan nhffng chi tidu ciia gia dinh theo ly le Iffdng ffng vdi so tdi san ri8ng cua mdi ngffdi (Didu 1493). Quy dinh nay cung Iffdng tff nhrf quy dinh cua BLDS Phap vd viec thffc hien nghTa vu ciia vd chong vdi gia dinh vd con cai.
Thdm vao dd, BLDS va Thrfdng mai Thai Lan cdn ghi nhan mdt diem khac biet so vdi BLDS Phap la viec khdi phuc che dd tai san chung sau khi da chia tdi san chung trong thdi k j hdn nhdn.
Dieu I492.I BLDS va Thrfdng mai Thdi Lan cd quy dinh nhrf sau:
Trong Irrfdng hdp chia "Sin Somros" theo 16nh cua Tda an thi viec buy bd srf phan chia do se dffdc thffc hi6n theo yeu cau ciia ngffdi vd hodc ngffdi chdng vd Tda dn se ra quye't dinh cdng nhdn viec nay. Ne'u vd hoac chdng phan ddi yeu cau nay thi Tda an khdng dffdc ra quye't dinh hiiy bd vide chia "Sin Somros" trff khi ly do chia "Sin Somros" da cha'm dfft..
Theo linh than cua quy dinh nay, che' dp tdi san chung ciia vd chdng chi dffdc Tda an cho phuc hdi khi cd yeu cau cua vd, chdng hoac khi ly do chia "Sin Somros" dd chd'm dfft. Sau khi viec chia tai san chung da drfdc hiiy bo hoac dinh hoan do vd hoac chdng da thodt khdi vi6c phd san thi tai san la tai san rieng vdo ngay ed qnyit dinh eua Tda dnhoac vao ngay md ngrfdi vd hoac ngrfdi chdng ihoat khdi viec phd san vln giiT nguyen la tai sdn riSng.
Vdi nhffng npi dung vffa dffdc gidi thieu tren cho tha'y BLDS va Thffdng mai Thai Lan quy dinh vd viec chia tai san chung ciia vd chdng trong thdi ky hdn nhan cung ed nhieu diem hdp ly hdn so vdi phap ludt nffdc la. Chang ban nhrf nhffng trffdng hdp chia tdi san chung, hdu qua d^i vdi gia dinh va con cai hay nhff vd'n de khdi phuc che' dp tai san chung sau khi chia. Tuy nhien, phdp ludt Thdi Lan vdn cdn mdt sd' diem chffa phii hdp vdi dieu kien nffdc ta nhrf quy dinh chd' dp biet san sau khi chia tai san ehung. Vi vay, de hodn lhi6n phap ludt HN&GD, chiing la can cd srf van dung mdt each linh hoal edc quy dinh eua phdp luat Thai Lan phu hdp vdi dieu kien da't nrfdc •
LUAT
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Nguyin Van Cut (2000), "Chia tdi sdn chung cda va chong khi hdn nhdn dang ton tai". Tda dn nhdn ddn, (09), trang 18-21.
2. Bodn Thi Phuong Diep (2008), "Nguyen tac suy dodn tdi sdn chung trong Ludt Hdn nhdn vd gia dinh Viet Nam vd Luat Ddn sU Phdp", Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.ngdy 10/11.
3. Nhd phdp ludt Viet - Phdp (1998), Bp ludt Ddn six ciia nUdc Cdng hda Phdp, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Hd Ngi.
4. Bd ludt Dan sU vd Thuong mai Thdi Lan (1995), Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia. Hd Npi.
Ngay nhan bai: 17/1/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chiJa: 27/1/2019 Ngay ch^p nhSn dang bai: 7/2/2019
Thdng tin tdc gid:
TRAN THANH LUAN
Ldp CH16LDS_TV5_2, Trifcfng Dai hpc Tra Vinh
LAWS OF SOME COUNTRIES ON DIVIDING COMMON PROPERTY AT SEPARATION ISSUE
• TRAN THANH LUAN Class CH16LDS_TV5_2, Tro Vinh University
ABSTRACT:
Each country and region in the world has different political, economic, social and cultural conditions, traditions, customs and practices. These differences lead to the diversity of the legal system of countries. Besides similarities, the legal systems of countries also have fundamental differences in accordance with conditions of each country, including the division of common property at separation. This article introduces laws of some countries on dividing common property at separation issue, thereby claryfing advanatges of the foreign legal systems to draw lessons that Vietnam can flexibly apply to its situation.
Keywords: Dividing common property at separation, French Civil law.
S6'2-Thang 2/2019 57
