NGHIEN CDUlf LUAN i
PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC DAY HOC CHO SINH VIEN DAI HOC NGANH SlT PHAM TOAN
PHAN ANH HUNG Tniting Bai hoc Vinh Email: hungpdti977@gmaiLcom
Tdm tdt: Ndng luc dgy hge Id mot bd phdn cdu thdnh cua nang luc sUpham eua gido vien. Viec phdt trien ndng lUc dgy hoc eho sinh vien dgi hoc ngdnh Supham Todn edn duac phdt trien qua cae hogt dpng trong nhd trUdng sUpham:
DOI vdi viec dgy hoe edc mon Todn cO bdn vd nghiep vu; Doi vdi ede hoat dpng ren luyen nghiep vu sUpham thudng xuyen, DOI vdi edc hogt dong thUc tdp supham tdp trung; Doi vdi cdc hoat dong khdc nhUsinh hogt edu lae bd chuyen di vd thi nghiep vy sUpham. Qua do, ndng Itfc dgy hoc Todn eiia gido vien gdp phan hinh thdnh vd phdt tnen cdc ndng lUc eho hoc sinh. Ndng lUe tuduy vdi cdc thao tde ehu yeu; Ndng Itfc gidi quyet vdn de; Ndng luc md hinh hda Todn hge; Ndng lUe giao tiep; Ndng lUe sddung cdc cong cu, phuong tien hoc todn; NL hoe tdp doc Idp vdi phuang phdp phu hgp.
Ttf khda: Ndng lue sUpham, smh vien; ngdnh Supham Todn; ndng Itfe day hoc todn
(Nhdn bdi ngdy 20/02/2017, Nhdn kel qud phdn bien vd chinh stfa ngdy 13/03/2017; Duyet ddng ngdy 25/04/2017)
1. Dat van de
Ngay nay, tren the gidl, xu the chung khi xem xet va danh gil muc dich, y nghia, gia tri cua cdng viec ma giao vien (GV) d i m nhiem deu gan nhuthdng nhlt ring GV phli la chuyen gia giao due (GD) vdi day du cac pham chat va nang lUc (NL) d i p dng yeu cau cao cua nghe nghiep. Rieng ve NL trong linh vUc nay cd kha nhieu thuat ngd NL su pham (NLSP), NL GD, NL chuyen mdn, NL nghiep vu, NL day hoc (NLDH)... CJ day khdng de cap den viec sip xep hoac phan loai NL ma chi quan tam tdi NLSP v l NLDH vdi tU each la mdt thanh td cua NLSP. Td dd, bin tdi viec hinh thanh va phat trien NLDH cho sinh vien (SV) khoa Toan - ngUdi GV tuong lai
2. Nang lUc sU pham
Theo UNESCO (1990), "Ngudi thdy gido ludn d trung tdm cua cupc thay doi ve GD Nguoi thdy gido cua thdi ki phdt trien mdi phdi ed khd ndng phdt tnen trong hoc sinh (HS) ciia minh nhdng NL vd thdi do dUac coi Id thiet yeu nhU: Sdng tao, thu cam dpi vdi sU thay doi vd doi mdi, da ndng trong kien thifc, de thich nghi vdi finh huong bien doi, thdng minh, cd thdi dp phe phdn, tim thdy vd gidi quyet duoc vdn de Thdy gido eiia the ki XXI duac quan niem nhu mot nhd chuyen mdn eo khd ndng ndm chdc cdc vdn de cua ngdnh hoc vd cdc ngdnh cd lien quan, co tinh lien ngdnh, thdm nhudn khoa hoc supham, khoa hoc GD".
Td dd, GV phai qua day hoe (DH) de hinh thanh va phat tnen cho HS cac NL duoe quy dmh trong muc tieu, phai thUe sU la mdt chuyen gia trong linh vUc DH Oieu nay lien quan tdi yeu eau hang dIu cua ngUdi GV II cd mdt he thdng NLSP ndi chung, NLDH ndi neng. Tren co sd nghien cdu hoat ddng cua GV, mdt sd nha tam li hoc da rut ra ket luan rang Cac NLSP la nhdng hinh Inh phan chieu cua nhdng net nhan each nhlt dinh d i p dng yeu
cau cua viec DH, GD v l cd nhdng dang NLSP sau day.
- NLDH the hien qua viec sing tao, chon loc va thUe hien nhdng phuong phap truyen thu tn thdc, ren luyen ki nang eho HS tren ca sd hieu nhdng quy luat chung cua viec DH. Nhdng N L nay giup GV lap ke hoach DHphu hop vdi ddi tuong; thuc hien sang tao cac bli day qua dd phat tnen tu duy, ren luyen cho HS thdi quen lam viee ddc lap;
- NL thlit ki hoat ddng hinh thanh nhan each HS mdt elch cd ket q u i ; kha nang nhln thay trudc hieu qui cdng tae cua nha GO, dUdoan duac hanh vi cua HS trong nhdng tinh hudng khae nhau;.
- NL tn gidc dUac xem la khi nang hieu tam li cua HS trong nhdng bdi canh khae nhau cung nhutrang thai tam li eua cae em tai mdt thai diem nhat dinh;
- NL truyen dat (hen quan tdi NL giao tiep) the hien nhdng tu tudng, nhdng tri thdc, nhdng mem tin v l tinh cam cua minh den ddi tuong trudc het la bang ldi ndi, eung nhu qua net mat va edehi. giup HS nlm vdng cae van de duoc truyen dat, hinh thanh va phat tnen cac ki nang trong bau khdng khi hoc tap tich cUe, hdng thu.
Qua dd, xac lap nhdng mdi quan he dung din vdi cac em (sU kheo leo ddi xd ve mat sU pham, ed tinh tdi nhdng dac diem ca nhan va Ida tuoi);
- NL to chtfc {Uen quan tdi NLquIn li) la NLtdchUc tap the HS, doan ket, ddng vien el tap the giai quyet nhdng nhiem vu quan trong, ke c l NL td chdc hieu qua dung din edng tic cua bin than.
Qua dd, CO the thay NLDH la mdt bd phan eau thanh cua NLSP eua GV,
3. Nang lUcday hoc
NLDH cd mdi quan he chat che vdi chul'n GV Chuan nay thudng quy dmh he thdng cac NLDH (cung
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I NGHIEN Ctfu Li LUAN
vdi nhdng NL khae) - qua mdt he thdng tieu chuan v l tieu chi, Tuy theo quan mem va dieu kien thuc tien m l mdi qudc gia cd chuan GV khae nhau, song cd rat nhieu diem gidng nhau, dae biet la ddi vdi NLDH.
3.1. Chudn nghe nghiep gido vien 3.1.1. Chuan Id gi?
Chuan la mau If thuyet cd tinh chat nguyen t i e , tinh cdng khai va tinh xa hdi hda, duoc dat ra b i n g quyen lde hanh chfnh hoac chuyen mdn bao gdm nhdng yeu cau, tieu chf, quy dinh ket hap logic vdi nhau mdt each xac dinh, duac dung lam cdng cu xae mmh suvat, lam thudc do danh g i l hoac so sanh eae hoat ddng, cdng viee, san pham, dich vu,... trong ITnh vUc nao dd v l ed khuynh hudng dieu chinh nhUng sd vat nay theo nhu cau, muc tieu mong mudn cua ehii the q u I n 11 hoac chu the sd dung cdng viee, sin pham, djch vu... [1]
3 1.2. Chudn nghe nghiep gido vien
Chuan nghe nghiep GV nhan manh chat luqng tay nghe va dao ddc nghe nghiep, Trong chuan nghe nghiep, GV thudng cd chuan dao ddc, chuan hoc van khoa hoc chuyen mdn, chuan NL g i l n g day, chuan NL cdng nghe, chuan NL giao tiep, chuan NL thiet ke DH, chuan NL danh gia ngudi hoc,
3.2. Quan niem vi ndng Itfc dgy hge dmpt sdnudc - Cdng hda Lien bang Ode- Chuan nay trinh bay nhdng NL trong khoa hoc GD ed y nghia dac biet ddi vdi dao tao (OT) nghe nghiep va cudc sdng nghe nghiep thudng nhat, ket ndi vdi bdi dudng GV, Dong thdi la co sd eho viee xay dUng ehuang trinh OT GV. bao gdm ca phan OT thUe tien va OT GV tap sU d eae bang, Chuan OT GV duoc xay dUng dUa tren md hinh NL nghe nghiep GV.
Theo Chuan nay, NLDH cua GV bao gdm. (1) XaydUng ke hoach bai hoe v l thuc hien gid len Idp phu hop vdi yeu cau chuyen mdn; (2) Ho tro viec hoc cua HS b i n g each td chdc cac tinh hudng hoc tap, ddng vien HS thiet lap cac mdl lien he va ap dung cai da hoc; (3) Khuyen khich HS tu quyet dinh trong ele hoat ddng hoc tap [2],
- Chuan nghe nghiep GV bang Queensland (Uc) la bd khung chuan cd dac diem chung ve ban chat, he thdng eae kien thdc, kl nang va NL ap dung chung cho tat ca GV d moi cap hoc, trinh do OT cung nhu moi loai hinh trudng trong cle co sd GD eua bang. Bd khung Chuan nay bao gdm 12 tieu chuan vdi 47 tieu chi cd lien quan: (1) Thiet ke bai hoc Imh hoat va ddi mdi (hoc qua tr^i nghiem) phu hop vdi tdng ca nhan v l nhdm; (2) Gop phan vao viec phat tnen ngdn ngd, kha nang biet doc va tmh toan, (3)Thiet ke q u i tnnh hoc tap b i n g trat nghiem thach thuc tri tue; (4) Thiet ke qua trinh hpe tap bang trai nghiem phu hop va ed lien quan vdi ben ngoai nha trudng, (5) Thiet ke DH hoa n h l p ; (6) Tich hop cdng nghe truyen thdng trong qua trinh giang day; (7) Oanh gia va bao cao nhan xet qua trinh hoc cua HS, (8) Ung hd sU phat tnen va tham gia xa hdi cua HS, (9) Tao ra mdi trudng hoc tap an toan va duoe bao ve; (10) Xay dung
mdi quan he vdi cdng ddng; (11) Cpng tac vdi ddng nghiep; (12) Cam ket phat trien chuyen mdn [3]. Trong do cd 7 tieu chuan d i n h cho NLDH
3.3. Chudn nghe nghiep eua gido vien trung hoc eua Viet Nam
Chuan bao g d m 6 tieu chuan (vdi 25 tieu chi cd hieu luc thi h i n h trong pham vi toan qudc), cu the la' Tieu chuan ve pham chat ehinh tri, dao dtfe ldi sdng (5 tieu ehi); Tieu chuan ve NL tim hieu ddi tUOng va mdi trudng GD (2 tieu chO; NLDH (8 tieu chO; NL GD (6 tieu chO; NL boat ddng chinh tri, xa hdi (2 tieu ehO; NL phat trien nghe nghiep (2 tieu chi) [4].Trong dd, tieu chuan NLDH cdcac tieu ehi ve. Xay dung ke hoach DH; 0 a m bao kien thuc mdn hoe; O l m b l o ehuang trinh mdn hoc; Van dung cac phuong phap DH; Sd dung c i c phuong tien DH, Xay ddng mdi trUdng hoc tap; Quan li hd sO DH; Kiem tra, d i n h gia ket qua hoc tap cua HS, Cac tieu chuan nay lan iuat duoc cu the hda qua cac tieu chi dudi day
-Xdy dung ke hoach DH. Cac ki hoach DH duac xay dung theo hudng tfch hap DH vdi GD the hien rd muc tieu, ndi dung, phuang phap DH phu hgp vdi dac thii mdn hoc, dac diem HS va mdi trudng GD; phdi hop hoat ddng hoc vdi hoat ddng day theo hudng phat huy tinii tich cdc nhan thdc eua HS.
- 0 d m bdo kien thdc mdn hoc: Lam ehu kien thUc mdn hoe, dam bao ndi dung DH chinh xac, cd he thdng, van dung hop li cac kien thdc Nen mdn theo yeu cau co ban, hien dai, thuc tien.
- Ddm bdo ehuong trinh mon hoe: ThUc hien noi dung DH theo chuan kien thdc, ki nang va yeu clu ve thai dd duqc quy dinh trong chuong trinh mdn hoc.
- Vdn dung cdc phuang phdp DH- Van dung cat phuong phap DH theo hudng p h i t huy tinh tich ci/c, chu ddng va sang tao cua HS, phat trien NL tu hoc va tu duy cua HS,
- Su dung cdc phuang tien DH: Sddung ele phuong tien DH lam tang hieu q u i DH.
- Xdy dung mdi trudng hoe top: Tao dUng mdi trudng hoetap, Dan chu, t h i n thien, hop tac, cdng tac, thuan loi, an toan va lanh manh,
- Q u o n / j h d s o D H - X a y d u n g , bao q u I n , sddung ho so DH theo quy dmh.
- Kiem Ira, ddnh gid ket qud hoc tdp cua MS' Kiem tra, danh gia ket qua hoc t i p cua HS bao d i m yeu c l u chinh xac, toan dien, cdng b i n g , khach quan, cdng khai va phat tnen NL t u danh gia cua HS, sd dung ket qua kiem tra danh gia de dieu ehinh hoat ddng day va hoc,
3.4. Ndng Itfc dgy hoc cua gido vien Todn SV nganh Su pham Toln hoc la nhung ngUdi GV Toan tuong lai va ndi ehung la se lam viec d cle trudng phd thdng, Ngay trong q u i trinh OT d bac dai hoc, ho can duoe hinh thanh va p h i t tnen NLDH, Yeu cau do dat ra cho cac trudng dai hoc cdOT GVToan can nghien cUu tim cac bien phap de trong qua trinh td chdc DH va danh 50 • KHGA HOC GIAO DUC
NGHIEN ClKULI LUAN I
gia k i t q u i eua SV phli hudng tdi eae tieu chuan va tleu chi tren. Ve nguyen tae, GVToan phai ed ele NLDH chung gidng nhu nhdng GV day cae mdn hoc khae. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh hinh thanh, phit trien, the hien NLDH Toln, qua OT, bdi dudng nen luu y den mdt so dac diem sau:
- Toan hoc la khoa hoc cd tinh trdu tuong cao va tinh thuc tien pho dung; dang chu y II tfnh trdu tuang cao khdng he lam mIt tinh thuc tien cua Toln hoc m l cdn llm cho Toln hpeed the dng dung duae trong nhieu linh vUc cua cudc sdng. Toan hoe eung cd tinh logic va tfnh thUe nghiem xet theo hai phuang dien: Neu chi trinh bay lai nhdng ket qua toln hoc d l dat dUOc thi dd II mdt khoa hoc suy dien vdi tinh logic noi bit. Neu nhln Toln hoe trong qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien, trong qua trinh tim tdi phat mmh thi phuong phIp toan hoc bao gdm ca tim tdi du doln, vln cd "thUc nghiem" va "quy nap" Nhdng dac diem tren cua Toan hoc can dUOc phan anh trong qua trinh DHcua GVToan, can duacquan triet trong qua trinh t u ren luyen NLDH Toan cua SV.
- Mdt dac diem khae can chu y la muc tieu cua viec DH Toan duqc xac dmh gdm cle pham chat, NL cln hinh thanh va phat trien cho HS, NLDH Toln xet cho cung nhlm gdp phan hinh thanh va phat tnen ehinh cic NL duoc neu trong muc tieu do, Od la:
+ NL tu duy vdi ede thao tdc ehu yeu nhu: Phan tich v l tdng hop, so sinh, dac biet hda, khai quat hda... LUu y den NL tuduy logic trong suy dien, lap luan cung nhU cae yeu td khae nhutim tdi, du doan; tu duy phe phan, sang tao, tudng tuong khdng gian
+ NL gidl quyet vdn de. Day la mdt trong nhdng NL ma mdn Toan cd nhieu thuan loi de phat trien eho ngudi hoe so vdi ele bd mdn khae qua viec tiep nhan khai niem, chdng minh cac menh de t o l n hoc, dac biet la qua giai toan
+ NL md hinh hoa Todn hoc NL nay the hien d viee HS cd the phan tich tinh hudng thUc te, trdu xuat cae yeu td khdng ban chat, di tdi mdt md hinh Toan hoe. Sau khi giai quyet van de trong md hinh Toan hoc, HS se chuyen td ldi gill Toan hoc sang ldi gili cho tinh hudng thuc tien ban dau.
+ NL giao tiep (qua noi hodc viet) hen quan tdi viec sddung ngdn ngd toan hoc (chd, kihieu, bieu dd, ddthi, cac lien ket logic.) ket hop vdi ngdn ngd thdng thudng NL nay dUoc the hien qua viec hieu cac van ban toan hoc, dat cau hdi, t r i lai eau hdi, lap luan khi chdng minh sudung din cua cac menh de, khi gili toan...
+ NL stf dung cdc cdng cu, phuong tien hoc Todn (bao gdm cac phuong tien thdng thudng, dae biet la phuong tien sddung cdng nghe thdng tm).
+ NL hoc tdp doe Idp vdi phuong phap phu hop ddng thdt hop tae duac vdi ngUdi khlc mdt each hieu qui trong qua trinh hoc tap Toan.
Oay ehinh la cac NL ma ngUdi GV Toan tUOng lai
phai duoc ren luyen v l t d ren luyen khi cdn hoe trong trudng dai hoc. Neu khdng quan tam tdi yeu eau nay thi GV se gap nhieu khd khan khi hinh nghe va llm suy gilm hieu q u i DH Toan
3.5. Phdt trien ndng Itfe dgy hoc cho sinh vien sU phgm Todn
Trudc het, can khang dinh rang cac NLDH cua SV can va cd the duoc phat tnen qua cac hoat ddng cua nha trudng sU pham, dac biet ia qua viec DH cic bd mdn ea ban, nghiep vu ciing cic hoat ddng ren luyen nghiep vu nhu mdt phuong cham DT.
- Ddi vdi viec DH edc mon Todn ea bdn vd nghiep vu:
DH Toln ca bin khdng chi nhlm truyen thu eae kien thdc Toln hoc don thuan ma cdn lam noi b i t cae dae trung eua Toan hoe, SV phli hieu duac ban chat ciia sU trdu tuang, dac biet II kha nlng dng dung vao cle linh vUe eua ddi sdng ciia cac kien thdc Toan hoc ca ban; mdi quan he ciia nhdng kien thdc nay vdi kien thdc cung loai duoe hoe d phd thdng. CIch thdc gilng day cle mdn Toan eo ban can phli vuot ra khdi khudn khd mang tinh truyen thdng, ddi mdi theo dmh hudng chung la td chdc va hudng dan ngudi hoc, chu ddng kham pha trong linh hdi va trong dng dung. CIc mdn hoc ve nghiep vu cln tim kiem cic gill p h l p n i n g cao hdng thu ciia ngUdi hoc vdi cac hinh thde da dang, dac biet la gan bd chat ehe vdi GD Toan hoc pho thdng, di trudc Toan hoc pho thdng ve ddi mdi td phuang phap cho den danh gia ket qui hoc tap.
- Ddi vdi cdc hoat ddng ren luyen nghiep vu sUpham thudng xuyen: Song song vdi hoat ddng hoc tap, SV cdn tham gia hoat ddng thUc hinh thudng xuyen. Ren luyen nghiep vu su pham thudng xuyen la mdt hoat ddng cd y nghia rat quan trong trong viec phat tnen NLDH cho SV ndi chung, SV Toan ndi neng. Day la qua trinh bien nhdng tri thdc li thuyet thanh NL hoat ddng thUe tien ngay td khi cdn d trUdng dai hoc, thdng qua cac hinh thde ren luyen nghiep vu sU pham thudng xuyen nhU:
Soan gtao an, tap giang, "nghien cUu bai gilngV'day hoe vi md" dieu khien mdt buoi smh hoat, lao ddng, thdng qua cac htnh thde to chdc hoc tap, smh hoat tap the, van hda van nghe, the due the thao, hdi thao khoa hoe, seminar, thi nghiep vu su pham... Od cung la mdt con dudng de nang cao chat luqng linh hdi cae kien thuc phuong phap DH, cO hdi ren luyen kha nang dng dung kien thdc li thuyet vao thue te, tao nen thai dd tich cue ddi vdi nhdng kien thdc da hoc.
- Odl vdi cdc hoat dong thuc tdp sUpham tdp trung Thuc tap su pham la mdt hinh thdc DT cd tac dung kiem tra mdt cach dung dan ket qui OT nguoi GVToan tUOng lai trong viec giang day v l GD the he tre, giup ho lam quen mdt each tUOng ddi he thdng vdi cac hoat ddng phli dim nhiem. Gd la qui trinh ngUdi SV ddc lap lam viec, doi hdi ho phli van dung tdng hop tat ca vdn hieu biet ve Toan hoc ndi ehung eung nhu nhung phuong
SO 139-THANG4/2017 • S I
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phIp DH cu the de thdc hien nhiem vu DH duac giao trong dot thdc tap. Qua dd, SV the hien duac NLDH va ele pham chat nghe nghiep ciia minh mdt each rd rang.
Hoat dpng thUc tap giiip cho SV trong qua trinh tiep tuc hoc tap cd the dieu ehinh va bd sung, holn thien mpt sd diem ehua tdt hoac cdn b i t d p lien quan tdi cac NLDH,
- Ddi vdi cae hoat ddng khdc nhUsinh hogt edu Igc bp chuyen de vd thi nghiep vu sUphgm: CIc hoat ddng nhU Hdi thi nghiem vu sU pham, cau lac bd nhl gilo tuong lai... cd Inh hudng nhat dinh den ket qua phat tnen NLDH eiia SV nganh SUphamToln hoc dtrudng dai hoc. Ddthi nghiep vu supham thi khdng chi SV ddthi m l ea nhdng SV chdng kien cung thu duqc nhdng kmh nghiem quy blu trong boat ddng DH dtrudng phd thdng. Hdi thi cdn II dip de eho SV hoc hdi be ban ddi vdi nhieu edng viec.
Qua dd, trudng dai hoe kiem tra chl't luong OT eiia minh, tren cO sd do rut kmh nghiem, cai tien ke hoach va each thde td chdc hoat ddng OT,
4. Ket luan
NLDH eiia GV can duae hinh thanh, phat tnen va nang eao trong sudt c l mdt qua trinh, td khi DT eho den luc hanh nghe, Tuy nhien, ren luyen tdng NL dd ngay
td khi edn ngdi tren ghe nhl trddng cd y nghia dat nen mdng cho ca qua trinh dd, Oay la dieu ma eae ea sd BT GV nen het sdc quan tam
TAI LigU THAM KHAO
[1]. Gang Thinh HUng, {2Q0S), Quan niem ve chuan vd chuan hda trong gido due. Hdi t h i o Chuan va chuan hda trong gilo due - Nhdng van de li luan v l thuc tien, tr.l2.
[2], Hdi nghi Bd trUdng van hoi giao due (KMK), (16/12/2004), Thoa thudn ve Chudn ddo tao gido vien • Khoa hoc gido due.
[3]. Professional Standards for Queensland Teachers, (07/2005),
[4]. Chuong II quy dinh ve Chudn nghe nghiep cuo gido vien trung hoc ciia Thdng tU sd 30/2009/TT-BGDDT veviec Ban hanh quy djnh chuan nghe nghiep giao vien trung hoe cd sd, giao vien trung hoc pho thdng.
[5]. Gang Thanh HUng, (2005), Quan mem ve chuan vd ehudn hda trong gido due, Hdi t h i o Chuan v l Chuan hda trong giao due - Nhdng van de li luan va thUe tien, tr.15.
DEVELOPING TEACHING COMPETENCE FOR STUDENTS OF MATHEMATICAL PEDAGOGY
Phan Anh Hung Vinh University Emaih [email protected] Abstract: Teaching competence is a component of teacher's pedagogical competences. The development of teaching competence for students of Mathematical pedagogy must be conducted through activities in pedagogical universities/
colleges- Teaching basic Maths and profession subjects, regular activities for pedagogical profession training, intensive pedagogical internship activities: other activities such as topie-based clubs and pedgogical profession competition Thus, Maths teaching competences acquired by teachers would contribute to forming and developing such students' competencies as; thinking competence with basic actions, problem solving competence: Maths modeling competence;
Communicative competence; Competence in using mathematical tools and means; Competence in independent learning with appropriate methods.
Keywords: Pedagogical competence; student; Mathematical pedagogy, Maths teaching competence.
52 • KHOA HOC &IAO DUC
