EL
NGHIEN CCru - PHATTRIEN LY LUANGIA TRI LY LUAN CUA CHU NGHIA MAC DOI V6l s a NGHIEP XAY DUNG CHU NGHIA XA HOI
TRONG THfKYXXI
• PGS, TS DANG QUANG BINH iien Triet hoc.
Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Clii Mitili
• Tom tat: Co the noi, sau khi da "ndm bdt thdi dgi bang tU ttidng", chit nghia Mdc dd thUc hien mot cugc cdch mgng vi dgi trong nhgn thdc vd cdi tgo the gidi. Chu nghia Mdc khong chi Id "cdng cu nhgn thdc vi dgi", la khoa hgc hodn chinh, chat che chdm ddt siX tiiy tien, sd lgn xgn trong cdc quan niem ve lich sd vd chinh tri, md con Id phUdngphdp cdi tgo the gidi sdu sdc vd triet de. Ngdy nay, nhdng gid tri ben vdng cua chd nghta Mdc vdn tiep tuc dugc khang dinh, gop phdn to ldn vdo viec phdt trien nhgn thdc ciia nhdn logi ve thdi dgi, ve cdsdra ddi, quy lugt phdt trien vd ddc trdng bdn chdt cua chu nghia xa hgi vd con dddng cdch thdc dexdy diing chu nghia xd hgi hien thdc.
• Tii khoa: C.Mdc, Ph.Ang^en, V.I.Lenin, chu nghia Mdc - Lenin, chd nghia xa hgi.
C
hu nghJa Mac ra doi vao nhimg nam 40 ciia the Vy XIX. tren co so ke thira thanh tuu nhan thirc khoa hoc cita lich sir tir tirong nhanloai.Dolahoc thuyet vi dai ve su giai phong va phat trien con nguoi.Co the khang dinh, trong toan bo lich sir tu tirong nhan loai, khong mpt tu tuong nao, hpc thuyet nao ve lich sir co the sanh kip voi chu nghia Mac ve phuong dien khoa hoc va each mang. Bang viec phat hien ra nhirng quy luat khach quan cua suvan dpng, bien ddi cua toan bp the gioi vat chat va lich sir Ipai ngum, lan dau tien trong lich sir tu tirong nhan loai, C.Mac da chi ra cho giai cap vo sao va nhan loai tign bp
toan the gioi nhtmg con ducmg va bien phap hien thuc de tu giai phong khoi ach ap birc, boc lot, bat cong de xay dtmg mpt chg dp xa hpi min - xa hpi cpng san chit nghia.
Xuyen supt tpan bp di san ly luan dp so sau sSc ciia CMac la mot the gioi ^^tm m'm va phuong phap luan khoa hpc va each mang dem lai cho nhan loai tien bo va nhat la cho giai can congnhan mptcongcuvi dai de-nhan thiic v a c a tao the gioi. V.l.Lenin khang dinh: "Hoc thuve^
c u a M i c , . h p c t h u y e - t v , n n a n g , „ „ ^ * 2 thuyet chmh xae. No la mpt hoc thuve, h K va chat che; np cung cap chp n ^ M ' ; ' ^ " . ™ " ! giOiquanhoan chinh, kliongthoahiepvabJtci
L» LUAN CHINHTRI-So 3/2019
mdt su me tin nao, mdt the lire phan ddng nao, mgt hanh vi nao bao ve su ap birc cua tu san"'".
Vdi hai phat minh khoa hoc vi dai la quan niem duy vat lich su va hgc thuyet gia tri thang du, CMac da dat hen mdng viing chac cho viec hien thuc hda tu tuong ve ehu nghia xa hgi khoa hpc - hgc thuyet ve sunghiep giai phdng giai cap cdng nhan va giai phdng loai ngudi khdi mgi hinh thuc no dich, ap buc, bdc lot va tha hda.
Vdi quan niem duy vat lich su, CMac da thuc hien mdt cugc each mang trong toan bd quan niem vi lich su the gidi. Lan dau tien ttong lich su, cac quy luSt phat tri^n cua xa hdi loai ngudi dupe phat hien. V.I.Lenin khang dinh: "Chu nghia duy vat lich su eua Mac la thanh tuu vi dai nhat ciia tu tudng khoa hgc. Mdt ly luan khoa hge hdt sire hoan chinh va chat che da thay cho su lgn xpn va su tuy tien van ngu tri tu trudc ddn nay ttong cac quan niem ve lich su va chinh tti"'^'.
Bang lap luan sac ben, C.Mae va Ph.Angghen da cd su phan tieh tuyet vdi ve su phat ttien cua lieh su the gidi vdi nhan quan cua mgt nha triet hpc, chinh tri vdi tuih t h i n nhan dao, yeu thuong con ngudi va yeu tu do vd han. C.Mae da thuc hien su phan ky lich su thdng qua hgc thuyet hmh thai kinh td - xa hdi. Bang hgc thuyet hinh thai kinh te - xa hpi, CMac da chi ra su gian doan trong tinh lien tuc eua su thay the nhau mgt each tat y^u, hgp quy luat cac giai doan phat trien, tao nen su ndi hep nhau. gitia cac nac thang, cac thdi dai, ciing nhu su ke thira, che ude lan nhau giua eae dan tdc ed ttinh dp phat trien khac nhau. Trong hue tranh sinh ddng ciia tien ttinh lich su - xa hgi noi len nhiing khuynh hudng chil dao, lam xuong sdng cho subien ddi, str thay the cai cii b&ng nhan to mdi, dam bao qua trinh van ddng di len cua lich su.
Khi danh gia ve hgc thuyet gia tri thang du, VLLenin cho rang, hgc thuyet gia tri thang du la
"hdn da tang cua hpc thuyet kinh td cua Mac".
Qua hge thuyet gia tri thang du, C.Mac da lam rd eo sd va quy luat kinh te co ban cua chu nghia tu ban, qua do CMac di den ket luan khoa hpc rang, su diet vong cua phuong thirc san xu^t tuban chu nghia la tat yeu. Tren eo sd do, CMac da luan giai sir menh lieh su toan the gidi cua giai cap vd san vdi tu each luc lupng ed kha nang cai tao tan gdc cac quan he xa hdi, thu tieu ttnh ttang ngudi bdc lot ngudi va xay dung ch^ dd xa hdi mdi, tu giai phdng minh va qua dd, giai phdng nhan loai.
V.I.Lenin da nhan dinh rang, didm cot yeu cua hpc tiiuyet Mac la soi sang vai ttd lich sii toan thd gidi cua giai cap cdng nhan vdi tu each la ngudi xay dimg xa hgi XHCN thay the xa hgi tu ban.
Danh gia mgt each rd rang va sau sAc y nghia va gia tri trong nhimg phat kien khoa hpc cua C.Mae ddi vdi phong trao dau ttanh each mang cua giai cap vd san va nhan loai tien bd, V.I.Lenin da qua quyet khang dinh: "Chi cd chii nghia duy vat triet hpc cua Mac la da chi eho giai cap vd san con dudng phai theo de thoat khdi ehe do nd le ve tinh tiian, trong dd tat ca cac giai cap bi ap hue da sdng lay lit tu trude tdi nay. Chi cd hoc thuygt kinh te cua Mac la da giai thich dupe dia vi thuc sucua giai cap vd san ttong toan bd che dp tuban chu nghia""'. "Sue hap dSn khdng ^ cudng ndi da ldi cudn nhiing ngudi xa hdi chii nghia ciia tat ca cac nude di theo ly luan dd, chinh la d ehd nd ket hgp tinh chat khoa hgc chat che va cao dp (dd la dinh cao nhat cua khoa hgc xa hdi) vdi tinh than each mang, va kdt hpp khdng phai mdt each ngau nhien, khdng phai chi vi ngudi sang lap ra hgc thuyet ay da ket hpp trong ban than minh nhiing pham chat cua nha bac hge va cua nha each mang, ma la ket hgp trong chinh ban than ly luan ay, mgt su ket hgp ndi tai va khang kbit"™.
Vdi thdng lgi cua Cacb mang xa hdi ehu nghia Thang Mudi Nga vi dai nam 1917, ehu
LY LUAN CHINHTR!-S6 3/2019
Q^
NGHIEN CU'U - PHATTRIEN LY L U A N nghia xa hdi ttr mdt hpc thuyet trd thanh mdt che dp chinh tri - xa hdi hien tiiuc da cho thay gia tii Iy luan va y nghia tiiue tiin vd cung to idn cua chii nghia Mac.Chu nghia Mac tii mdt "bdng ma am anh chau Au" da dupe hien thuc hda trong phong trao cdng nhan, mora mpt thdi dai mdi. thdi dai qua do Jen CNXH tten pham vi toan the gidi. Su hinh thanh he thdng cac nude XHCN da tac ddng manh me den tien trinh phat trien cua loai ngudi, ia chd dua cho cac dan tgc thudc dia va phu thupc diing len dau tranh tu giai phdng, xda bd ach thdng tri cua ehu ngliia thue dan cu va mdi.
Nhimg tiianglgi to ldn ciia CNXH da lam thay ddi bd mat the gidi, la minh ehimghimg hdn cho siic sdng manh liet, trudng tdn ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin, hpc thuyet khoa hgc va each mang, nen tang tu tudng, tam chi nam cho phong ttao cgng san va cdng nhan qude te.
Nhuvay, C.Mac khdng ehi la nha ly luan thien tai ma cdn la nha each mang vi dai. Hgc thuyet do dng sang lap soi sang con duang each mang eho giai cap vo san va nhan dan lao ddng toan the gidi. Cd the ndi, sau khi da "nam bat thdi dai b&ng tutudng", ehu nghia Mac va sau nay la chu nghia Mac - Lenin da cham diit tiidi ky "md mam nhu trong dem tdi" ciia hang trieu nhan dan lao dgng song dudi ach ap hue va bdc lot, tim dudng giai phdng cho minh, Ly luan eua Mae dugc truyen ba rdng rai tren toan the gidi, cd tam anh hudng sau rdng den mpi qudc gia - dan tdc, den cac nen van hda - chinh tri trong nhieu bdi canh lich su khac nhau.
Ngay nay, nhimg gia tn ben vimg ciia chii nghia Mac van dep tuc dupe khang dinh, gop phan to ldn vao viec phat trien nhan thirc cua nhan loai va xay dung chil nghia xa hgi hien tiiuc.
Thunhat. chu nghia Mae vdi the gidi quan mdi, phuang phap luan khoa hpc, mang tinh
LYLUAN CHINH TRI-So 3/2019
tiian bien chimg sau sic, van la cff sa e . thiic ve thdi dai bao gdm: ban chat, xu huong bien ddi, su dieu chinh cua chu nghia tu ban.
Tren ca sd nhting quy luat chung nhat ttong phep bien chung duy vat k^t hgp voi nhirng chat lieu sdng ddng tix thuc tiln, C.Mac phat hien ra ban chat va cac quy luat chi phdi sir van dgng, bi^n ddi, phat tiien cua xa hdi chu nghia tu ban ndi rieng va lich su ndi chung,
CMac xu^t phat tir phuong thuc san xu^t dd nghien ciiu su van dpng, bien ddi, phat trien va quy luat cua lich sir. 6 dd, phuong thiic san xuat dugc hieu la so van dgng cua Juc lupng san xuat va quan he giiia ngudi vdi ngudi ttong qua ttmh san xuat vat chat. Dd cdn la sir lien ket cac linh vue vao mdt the thdng nhat, tao nen tinh toan ven va tinh eu the dac tnmg ciia mdt xa hgi.
Nhiing van de eiia phuong thuc san xuat tu ban chu nghia dugc C.Mae va Ph.Angghen phan tich sau sac tren binh dien ly luan va thirc ti§n sdng dgng cua xa hdi tu ban, ttr dd, cac dng da neu ra mau thuan ban chat trong xa hdi tu ban va tinh tat yeu ciia each mang vd san.
Bang pham tnj hinh Uiai kmh te - xa hgi, C.Mac va PhAngghen da tiiuc hien sir phan ky hch sii nhu tinh lien mc cua su thay the nhau mpt each tat yeu, hgp quy luat cac giai doan phat trien, tao nen vdng khau ndi tiep nhau, giua cac nac tiiang, cac tiiai dai, cung nhu su ke thira, che ude Ian nhau giira cac dan tgc cd ttinh dgphatttienkhac nhau. Trong biic ttanh sinh ddng cua tien tiinh hchsu-xahpindilennhungkliuynhhuongchu dao,lam xuong sdng cho subien ddi, sutiiay tiie cai cu bang r^antd mdi. dam bao q u a t t i n l i v l dgngdieneualiehsu.Hocdiuyett,nhtiirjn^
te - xa hgi cua C.Mac da lam sang to n l ^ l T ^ h i e u p h d b i e n c h o c a c n a c t i i a n g p h l ? ^ ^ - ^ ' "
hdi, eang n h u n h ^ g n e t d a c t l i i f c h ^ " ^ ' cutiie. Hpc tiiuyet hinh thai kmhte" ? r ^ ^ ' ^^ hpi 1 ^
m
d^u tifin cung cap nhung tieu ehuan thuc su duy vat, khoa hge eho viec phan ky hch su, giup con ngudi hieu dugc logic khach quan cua qua trinh tien hdaxa hpi. Nd vach ra suthdng nhat cua lich stt ttong cai mudn ve cua cae su kien d cac nude khac nhau trong cac thdi ky khae nhau, chi ra nhiing mdi lien he de giai tiiich chii khdng chi md ta cac su kien lich sir. V.LLenm da danh gia: "luc do, tu tudng ay chi mdi edn la gia thuyet, nhimg la mgt gia thuyat lan dau tien da tao ra kha nang cd dupe mgt thai do het siic khoa hpc doi vdi nhirng van de lieh sii va xa hgi"'^'.
Thdng qua sukhao nghiem ciia CMac ddi vdi toan bd hch su nhan loai, C.Mac da di den mdt kgt luan mang tinh khoa hge va each mang khi khang dinh: "suphat trien cua nhimg hinh thii kinh te - xi hoi li mot qui trinh lich su - tu nhien"^^K Di^u nay khdng chi thau tdm toan bd ly luan ciia chu nghia Mac ndi ehung ma nd cdn md ra mgt ehuang mdi eho nhan loai trong viec nghien ciiu ve lich sir cila chinh minh.
Tir phuong phap phan tich ciia C.Mac va PhAngghen, khi van dung vao viec phan tich chil nghia tu ban hien dai trong qua trinh toan cau hda, chung ta thay, ehu nghia tu ban da gap vin de do chinh nd tao ra: chii nghia tu do mdi sau ban mgt niia the ky van hanh ciing vda su thay ddi dang ke deae nude tu ban, da tao ra mgt cugc dao lgn toan bg nen kinh te tu ban. Cude dao ldn nay da gian tiep xae nhan mau thuan ea ban ttong long ehu nghia tu ban, eai mau thuan ma khi dugc giai quyet triet de se la trien vgng eua mdt phuong thiic san xuSt mdi - cgng san chii nghia. Cugc khung hoang tai chinh didn ra tren khap the gidi da tac dgng day chuyen tao ra su thay ddi thuc su nhiing ygu to can ban ciia chu nghia tuban. Day cung la van de cd tinh chu ky ma C.Mac da neu ra neu phuong thiic san xuat tuban chu nghia edn tdn tai.
Trong thdi dai ngay nay, lue lugng san xuat dang phat trien manh me duoi tac ddng eua thanh tuu each mang khoa hgc va cdng nghe;
qua trmh toan cau hda; su tae ddng dieu chinh, can du cila cac the che va thidt che kinh te toan cau... lam cho tinh chat xa hgi hda cua nd ngay eang sau sac. Su phat men cua luc lugng san xuat hien dai da true hep hoac gian tiep bude chu nghia tu ban phai cd nhirng dieu cliinh, thay ddi.
Nhiing hinh thai cd dien cua sd hiru tii nhan tiJ ban chu nghia da thay ddi. Ngay nay, giai cap tu san huge phai ehia se ca quyfi'n quyet dinh san xuat, dieu hanh san xuat, ea viee phan phdi Igi nhuan... dudi nhieuhinh thiic. Thi trudng khdng cdn hi gidi ban a pham vi mdt sd nuoc ma nd da dugc md rpng vdi khdng gian va hinh thai mdi, nhung eiing ehua lam cho chu nghia tu ban thoat khdi tinh chung ky cua su khung hoang. Hal cude khiing hoang ldn ciia kinh te th^ gidi trong 10 nam gan day (1997- 1998 va 2008), cung nhu nhiing mau thuan ttong long chu nghia tuban van dang tiep tue ehuyen bien. Nhung dieu dd eiing eho thay chu nghia tu ban chua the bi phu dinh ngay va cdn cd kha nang phue hdi manh me, nhat la trong dieu kien eua cude each mang khoa hge edng nghe. Dieu dd ddi hoi viec nhan thuc ve chu nghia tu ban cung can phai thay doi.
Nhtmg nam 50 ciia die kyXX, viec nhan thiie gian don ve CNTB gan lien vdi tu tudng ndng vgi da can ttd viec nhan thuc dung su bien ddi ciia CNTB nua eudi tiie k>'XX, lam tang can benh chii quan duyychitrongxaydimg CNXH. Mac dii cae nude XHCN nhan thuc rang, thdi dai qua do tir CNTB len CNXH md dau tir Caeh mang Thang Mudi Nga da lam eho CNXH trd thanh nhan td quyet dinh su phat trien cua xa hdi loai ngudi, eac nude XHCN va nhiing tan du cua CNTB chua bi tieu diet ban ttong tiidi ky qua do. Song, khi CNTB cd kha nang phuc hdi, tiiam chi phat trien manh
LYLUANCHINHTR!-So3/2019
EL
N G H I E N CCTU - PHATTRIEN LY LUAN me cua CNTB hien dai thi cac quan diem chua giai thich dirpc day dii.Theo tinh than dd, trong Cironglinhxaydimg dat nuoc trong thoiky qua do len chu nghia xa /ipi (bo sung, phat then nam 2011) ctia Dang chi ro: "Hien lai, chu nghia tu ban cdn tiem nang phat trien, nhimg ve ban chat van ia mpt che dp ap birc, boc lot va bat cdng. Nhirng mau thuSn Cuban vdn cd ciia chii nghia tu ban, nhat la mau thuan giira tinh chat xa hpi hda ngay cang cao ciia luc lupng san xuat vdi che dp chiem hiru tu nhiin hr ban chil nghia, chang nhirng khong giai quyet dupe ma ngay cang Udnen sau sac. Khiing hoang kinh te, chinh Ui, xa hoi vSn tiep tuc xay ra. Chinh suvan dpng cua nhirng mau thuan npi tai do va cupc dau tranh cua nhan diin lao dpng se quyet dinh van menh cua chu nghia Ui ban".
Thuhai, chii nghia Mac la co so de phan tich Sir ra ddi, quy luat phat trien va dac tnmg ban chat eia CNXH. Khi noi ve tinh tat yeu ra doi CtNlXH, C.Mac va Ph.Angghen viet: "Ddi vol Chung ta, chu nghia cpng san khong phai la mpt trang thai can phai sang tap ra, khpng phai la mpt ly tuong ma hien thuc phai khunn theo.
Chiing ta goi chii nghia cpng san la mpt phong trao hien thuc, no x6a bd trang thai hien nay.
Nhiing dieu kien ctia phpng trap ay la do nhirng tien de hien dang ton tai de ra""'. Nhu vay, nhung tien de cho sir ra ddi ciia CNXH xuat hren ttong long CNTB, va sir xuat hien CNXH la mpt tat yeu. V.l.Lenin nhan xet: "Mac dat van de chu nghia cpng san giong nhu mpt nha tu nhien hoc"". "Ngay nay... chu nghia xa hpi dang hien ra mpt each true tiep, tren thuc tifin, trpng mpi bien phap quan ttpng tao thanh mpt bucrc tien tren co sd ciia chti nghia tu ban hien dai...""".
Trign vpng ciia CNXH khdng chi do CNXH hien thuc quy dinh ma cdn do chinh qua truth phat trign cua CNTB chuan hi nhung tien de trgn
LVLUAN CHlNH TRj-So 3/2019
so M kien nhieu mat cua xa hpi hien dai. Vdi y "g '^ '
"Chil nghia cpng san la hinh tiiirc tat y^" ™ ' ^ nguyen tic Hen quygt cua tuong lai s3p t™
Thii ba, chii nghia Mac van la co giai nhung van de ve md hinh CNXH, ve vai tro cua nha nude trong dieu kien toan cau hoa, ve dang cam quyen, ve xay dtmg nha nuac phap quyen XHCN...
Ngpai nhiing van de chu ygu trgn, thuc tiin dang dat ra nhieu van de moi, va mdi v ^ dg dd ciin dua tten co scr phuang phap luan cua chta nghia Mac, nen can nghien ctiu sau va khang dinh nhirng gia tri bgn vimg ciia chti nghia Mac ttong thai dai ngay nay.
Thuc te thdi dai ngay nay cho thay, nhimg dieu C.Mac va Ph.Angghen phan ti'ch khdng chi dung vdi thdi ky cac ong dang sdng ma no con cd tinh dir bao chinh xae nhimg gi dang xay ra ttong thdi dai ngay nay.
Trong tac pham Juyiin ngon cua Dang Cong san, chiing ta da tiiay sir mo ta chi tiet va sau s4c cua C.Mac vg cac nhan td cua each mang cong nghiep, cung nhu kha nang du doan thien tai cita dng vg viec cac luc lupng tiiuc day sir phat ttien cua tiie gidi cho den tan ngay nay. Boi le, ttong tiSc pham Tuyen ngon cua Dang Cong sin, C.Mac vii PhAngghen da dg cap den ddng chay ciia cdngnghevautbanmakhdngstk manh nao ngiin can dupe. No Ipar bo moi rao can, bien gioi ttolucvabdbupeddivdithuongmai toan ciiu.
Trong tac pham The g,d,pMng, Thomas LFriedmanphaittiuanhan rang, "Quatiiuc, gid dpe lai Tuyen ngon cua DingCongsan, toi kinh ngactri.o.sumptachi,ietvasaus4ccuaCMt ve cac nhan td lam phang the pifi • )^
hung tiiinh cua Caeh mang c n r „ r ° * * ^ -I--.-.-- - . . • "^ ™8tt!!hiep, cung
"ngvgviec nhu kha nang du doan sieu phim cita • cacluclupngnayagptuclamphintth- • den tan ngay nay"»». chinh C Ivlar l ^ ^ * °
• ™ ' a ngudi dau
ja
tien nhin thay kha nang the gidi tra tiianh mdt tiii trudng toan cau khdng bi gidi han bdi cac dudng bien gidi qude gia. C.Mac phe phan manh me chi nghia tu ban, song dng cung thay siic manh cda nd ttong viec pha vd cac rao can va tao ra mdt he thdng san xuat va tieu thu toan cau,
Trong Phe phin khoa kinh te chinh tri, ban so thao dau tien cila bg Tu bin dugc viet ttong nhiing nam 1857-1859, C.Mac da nhan manh:
"Su phat trien eua tu ban cd dinh la chi so cho thay tri thiie xa hpi phd bien da ehuyen hda den miic dg nao thanh luc lugng san xuat trirc tiep, do dd nd cung la chi sd eho thay nhirng dieu kien ciia chinh qua ttinh sdng cila xa hgi da phuc timg d^n miie do nao su kiem soat cua tri me phd bien va da duge cai tao den miic dp nao cho phti hgp vdi qua trinh ay""^', Va sau mdt tii^ ky day bien ddng, ngay nay, khi "tri thuc xa hgi phd bi^n da ehuyen hda thanh luc lugng san xugt true tiep""^', da lam thay ddi tich cue nhieu mat ciia ddi sdng kmh te, chinh tri, xa hdi, van hda the gidi, tao tien d6 cho su phat trien manh me cua nhan loai.
Caeh mang edng nghiep da lam xuat hien nhiing vin de ma sinh tiidi C.Mac chua biet, nen C.Mae khdng tiie dua ra dupe nhung kidn giai vl mat ly luan. Ndi ve dieu nay, V.l.Lenin viet:
"Chiing ta khdng ky vgng rang Mac hay nhiing ngudi theo chii nghia Mac deu hieu biet mgi mat cu th€ eiia con dudng tien len chu nghia xa hgi.
Nhu the se la phi ly. Chung ta chi biet phuang hudng eiia eon dudng dd va nhung lue lugng giai CEip nao dan den con dudng dd, cdn nhu ve cu tiie va tren thuc te con dudng do ra sao, thi kinh nghiem ciia hang trieu con ngudi se ehi rd khi hp b^t tay vao hanh dgng""^'. Ban than chii nghia Mae - Lenin ham chua nhirng luan diem ma de giai quygt chung, chung ta phai tim d ehinh thuc tiln hdm nay, chii khdng cd tien le trong lich sii.
Do vay, trudc nhimg van de mdi cua thuc tiln, yeu cau eac dang cgng san, cac nude XHCN va cac nha ly luan macxit chan chinh, sang tao phai tiep tuc bd sung phat trien chii nghia Mac - Lenin de giai quyet nhiing van de cila thue ti§n each mang sinh dgng d mdi qudc gia, dan tge va tren pham vi toan tiie gidi. Chung ta khdng nen coi chu nghia Mac nhu mgt eai gi da "xong xudi"
va "bat kha xam pham", ma phai phat trien nd phu hgp vdi ddi hdi eua thuc tiln. Dieu nay cung phu hpp tdi tinh than bien ehiing va tinh khoa hpc, each mang cila chu nghia Mae D
(I) V.l.Lenin: Toan tap, t.23, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2005, tt.50,
(2), (3} V,l,Lenin: Toan tap, t,23, Nxb Tign Bp, Matxcoval980, tt,53,57-58.
(4) V.LLenin: Sdd, t.l, tr.421.
(5) V.l.Lenin: Toan tap, t.l, Nxb Tien bo, Matxcova, 1974,tr.l61,
(6) CMac va Ph.Angghen: loan tap, t.23, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 1993, tr.2L
(7) C.Mac va Ph.Angghen: Toan tap, t.3, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNgi, 1995, tt.51.
(8) V.l.Lenin: Toan tap, t.33, Nxb Tign bg, Matxcova, 1977,tr.l03-104.
(9) V.l.Lenin: Toan tap, t.34, Nxb Tien bo, MaUcova, 1977, tr.258.
(10) C.Mac va Ph.Angghen: Toan tap, t,42, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ndi, 2000, tr.l83, (II) Thomas L.Friedman:T/iegidi'phang, Nxb Tre, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, 2006, tr.350, [12), (13) C.Mac va Ph.Angghen: Toan tap, t,46, phan II, Nxb Cbinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ngi, 2000, tt.372-373,372,
(14) VI.Lenin: Toan tap, t.34, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia,HaNoi,2006,tr.l52-153.
LYLUAN CHI'NH TRI-So 3/2019
