K H A O S A T N H U C A U K H O N G GIAN V U I
CHOI GlAl TRf
C O A N H A N V I E N V A N
PHONG 6
H A NOI PGS. TS Pham DCrc Nguyen ThS.KTS Tran Duy Ctfong Khoa Kidn triic vS Qui hogch Trudng Dgi hi3C XSy di/ngTdm tit: Cudc diiu tra xS hpi sa bd nhSm khio sSt nhu ciu khdng gian vui choi giii tri cua nhSn vidn vSn phdng, tu dd dd ra anh hudng kiin true vSn phdng phu hgp hon, quan tSm nhiiu hon din ddi sdng thi chit, tinh thin cua nhSn vidn vSn phdng, nhd dd nSng cao hi$u qui ISm vi$c ddng thdi giim Sch tie giao thdng.
Summary: Trends of staffs about spaces for relax in offices were investigated in the preliminary survey in order to give out orientation for more suitable and more comfortable office architecture. That orientation is more encouraging staff's spiritual as well as physical life so that working effectiveness will be improved and traffic Jam will be reduced.
1.GldlTHI$U
Cdc vdn phdng cho thud hi$n nay a Hd Ndi phin IP'n dupc quy hoaeh, xdy dung d cdc trung tdm thuong mgi cua Thd dd, khoing cdch gi&a cdc tmng tdm ndy d i n cdc trung tdm vui chai gidi tri, vSn hod khdc khdng gin. Vi$c di lgi giu'a cdc khu vdn phdng vd cdc khu vui chai, t h i thao, vdn hod giai tri tdn nhiiu thdi gian vd gdp thdm vdo tinh trang dch t i c giao thdng hi$n nay.
Kiin trdc cdc tod nhd vdn phdng cho thud hi$n nay chua chu trpng d i n nhu eiu vui chai gidi tri eda nhdn vidn, trong khi nhu c i u tiip xdc, giao luu vdn hod cung nhu tham gia cdc hoat ddng t h i chit khdc ngdy mpt cao do dib'i sdng vdt chit ngudi ddn dang duac cai thidn hdng ngdy. M$t khdc, kiin true nhu vdy chua gdn k i t dupe tinh cam cua cdc nhdn vidn vdn phdng thdnh mpt khdi vQ-ng mgnh, d i ndng cao tinh thin hpp tdc, sdng tgo cda nhdn vidn.
Trong bdi cinh dd, chdng tdi dd tiin hdnh cudc diiu tra xd hpi hpc sa bd nhdm;
1. Khao sdt nhu c i u v i sinh hogt vui chai giai tri cda nhdn vidn vdn phdng tgi Hd Npi vd cdc y i u td tdc dpng d i n nhu c i u ndy nhim xdc djnh su c i n thiit cda cdc logi khdng gian vui chai giii tri phgc vy dPi sdng t h i chit vd tinh thin cda nhdn vidn vdn phdng, tiit kidm thdi gian di Igi cua hp, gdp phin gidm luu lupng giao thdng trdn dudng phd trong gid cao diim.
2. Kiin nghj dua thdm cdc khdng gian vui chai giai tri eda nhdn vidn vdo ede du dn thiit k i cdc tod nhd vdn phdng d Hd Npi vd Vidt Nam.
3. Xdy dung tiin d i cho cdc nghidn euu tiep theo nhdm dinh hudng thiet k i the loai, quy md, cdch thUc Idm vide cda ede khdng gian sinh hogt vui chai giai tri trong kiin true vdn phdng tgi Hd Npi vd Vi$t Nam.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC CONG NGH$ XAY DUNG Sd02 -12/2007 39
odi tuang nghien cuu eda cupc dieu tra Id nhdn vien vdn phdng vdi cdc ngdnh ngh^
thudc khdi ky thudt, nghd thudt, kinh t i Idm vide tai cdc vdn phdng cd try sd ddt tgi cdc viJng trong Ha Ndi nhu sau:
1 Trung tdm kinh te, VHXH cu: Hd Guam bdn kinh 5km;
2. Trung tam ehinh tri; Hd Tdy bdn kinh 5km;
3. Trung tdm kinh t i mdi; Tryc dudng Ldng Ha bdn kinh 5km;
4. Trung tdm Van hod: Van Miiu ban kinh 5km;
5. Trung tdm kinh t i , ehinh tri tuang lai; Tryc dudng Lang Hod Lac bdn kinh 5km;
6. Npi thdnh Ha Ndi; Cdc khu vuc khde khdng thudc cdc tmng tdm tren;
7. Ven do Hd Ndi.
Kiin tmc cdc vdn phdng bao gdm thdp vdn phdng, tod nhd vdn phdng, bidt thu vSn phdng.
Chung tdi su' dung thang tra ldi trdn phieu dieu tra 5 cap dp theo nghidn euu v i Thang cam gidc trong tiing Vidt, eung nhu phuang phdp tinh ty Id phan tram phan u'ng ddi tupng ciJa GS.TSKH Pham Ngpc Oang, OHXD vd GS.TS Takashi Yano, OH Kumamoto, Nhdt Ban nSm 2006(1].
Thang cam gide vd phuang phdp tinh ty 1$ phin trdm ndy dd dupe cdng nhdn tai cdc h^i thdo khoa hpe qude t i va dua vao Ung dung rdng rdi trong cdc cudc dieu tra Xd hpi hpc t^i nhiiu nudc tren t h i gidi [2,3].
Lfu diem cda thang do vd phuang phdp tinh ndy Id gidp nhd nghidn ed'u quan ly, phdn nhdm, so sdnh ede ddi tupng, du lidu mpt edeh dd ddng vd cd hd thdng, cung nhu tgo su thu$n lpi khi so sdnh du lidu tgi Hd Ndi vdi dO' lidu tai cdc dja phuang khdc trdn t h i gidi do tudn theo eung mdt thang do vd cdch tinh phin trdm tidu ehuin.
2. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU Phieu dieu tra:
Phiiu diiu tra bao gdm nhQ'ng nhdm cdu hdi nhu sau;
• Cdc edu hdi v i thdng tin ed nhdn;
• Cdc cdu hdi v i sd thieh cd nhdn;
• Cae edu hdi nhdm kiem tra vd phdn logi nhdm ngudi;
• Cdc edu hdi v i cdc hogt dpng trong gid ldm vide;
• Cdc cdu hdi true tiip vdo myc dieh diiu tra.
Phiiu diiu tra thdnh ldp dua trdn nguydn t i c hdi vdng de dam bao tinh khdch quan cho cdc cdu tra Idi, trdnh d i n d i t ngudi dupc phdng v i n theo y cda ngudi tiin hdnh phdng vin.
Dieu tra Xa hpi hgc 2007:
Nhu c i u ve vui chai, giai tri, cdc y i u td tde ddng d i n nhu cau ndy cQng nhu cdch su dung thdi gian sau gid ldm vide cda nhdn vidn vSn phdng tai Hd Ndi duac dieu tra bdng hai cdch nhu sau;
Phdng v i n qua email;
Phdng v i n true tiip.
Tdng sd phiiu phdt ra: 200 phiiu. Ty Id phan hdi: 85,5%.
40 TAP CHI KHOA HOC C O N G N G H $ XAY DUNG Sd02 -12/2007
m}-
50-
•-
!»-
a.
10.
VP cho INN MM i.ng
Hinh 1: Lo^i vSn phdng Xir ly so lieu:
Sd lidu d i i u tra duac nhdp tu phiiu diiu tra Xd hdi h(?c vdo mdy tinh, sau dd duae phan logi, quan ly, xd" ly bing phin m i m xae suit thdng kd JUMP4 vd SPSS nhim tim ra nhung diim khde bidt ddng ke Idm cdn cu trong vi$e phdn tich vd nJt ra eae k i t ludn sau nay.
Phan tich:
Dir li$u dupe phdn tich nhim;
- Xdc dinh tinh c i n thiit eua khong gian vui chai, giai tri ddi vdi kiin true vdn phdng;
• Xdc djnh nhOng thay ddi c i n thiit khdc ddi vdi kiin trdc vdn phdng nhim ndng eao hidu qua Idm vide cQng nhu ddi sdng t h i chit, tinh thin eua nhdn vidn vdn phdng;
• Xdc djnh quy md, tinh chit eua khdng gian vui chai, giai tri ddi vdi kien trdc vdn phdng;
• Mpi k i t ludn dupe dua ra dua trdn ly thuyit xdc suit thdng kd.
Phan mem sir dgng:
WORD, EXCEL, JUMP4, SPSS 3. KET QUA
Tinh tr^ng vin phdng
Logi vdn phpng phdn bd tuong ddi ddng d i u , chiim phin Idn Id vdn phdng cho thud (trdn 50%), k i d i n Id cao dc VP eho thud (28%), it nhit Id VP kiiu nhd ridng cho thud (22%). Phin Idn cdc nhdn vidn d i u cd thdi dd ddnh gid su ydu thieh eua minh vdi vdn phdng Idm vide d mUc "thich" (48%) vd
"trung binh" (42%). R i t It nhdn vidn td ra ghdt nai Idm vide cda minh (1%) hode r i t thich (10%).
Cdc y i u td khdc cda vdn phdng nhu dp rpng rdi thoai mdi, muc dp quen khi hdu mda hd, mua ddng, muc dp thdng gid, dnh sdng, dp ydn tTnh tdp trung cdng vi$e, diiu ki$n trang thiit bj, mdi trudng canh quan quanh nai Idm vide... eda vdn phdng d i u dupe phin Idn nhdn vidn ddnh gid d muc tdt vd trung binh (35%-48%), khdng qud 3% nhdn vidn ddnh gid kdm.
Quan hd vdi ddng nghidp r i t kha quan, 54%
ddnh gid tdt vd 19% ddnh gid rat tdt Chi cd khoang 2% ddnh gid kdm.
Su phdn bd nhu vdy dam bao tinh khdch
quan cho k i t qua nghidn ed'u. Cdc k i t ludn se khdng bj anh hudng nhiiu bdi cam gidc chd quan cua ddi tuang phdng v i n .
so-
40-
1
a.
Hinh 2: D^nh gid cua nhSn viSn vS vSn phdng
00-
»-
«-
30-
ZD-
10-
Hinh 3: Bdnh gid cua nhdn vien ve quan h$
v&i dong nghidp
TAP CHI KHOA HOC C O N G N G H $ XAY DL/NG S6 02-12/2007 41
R M c a n t t w i Can •« B n h Ituang Khong c i
Hinli 4: Quan iTiSm vS r6n luy$n thi li^
Nhu cau vui choi giii tri cua nhan vien van phdng d HS Npi
Nhu eau vui choi giai tri cda nhdn vidn vdn phdng d Hd Npi dupc t h i hi$n qua ba cdu h6i trong phiiu diiu tra; Quan diem cda su can thiit ren luydn the luc, khPng gian vui chai, tdp luydn t h i due the thao trong vdn phPng vd khdng gian nghi ngai, trd chuydn trong vdn phdng.
Cd su khde bipt rat ddng ke trong cdc nhdm cdu hdi ndy. Phan Idn cdc nhdn vidn diu cho ring khdng gian vui chai, rdn luydn the lue, trd chuydn, nghi ngai trong vdn phdng Id ein thiit vd rit c i n thiet (56%, 66%), chi ed 5% cho ring
khdng gian vui chai, rdn luydn the luc khdng c i n thiit vd 8% cho ring khdng gian nghi ngai, trd chuydn trong vdn phdng Id khdng c i n thiiL Ode bidt ddi vdi cdu hdi v i quan diim rdn luydn t h i luc, sd ddnh gid "can thiit" vd "rit c i n thiit"
chiim vj t h i dp dao so vdi sd ddnh gid "khdng ein thiit" vd "hodn todn khdng c i n thiet" (90%
so vdi 4%).
Od khde bidt giOa cdc ddnh gid ndy r i t ddng k i , h$ sd khde bidt dat tdi 0.001 va nhd han, xem bang 1 Oiiu dd cd nghTa Id niu md rPng quy md cudc diiu tra ndy hode thuc hi$n cdc cudc diiu tra tuang tu trong tuang lai thdm 1000 lin nOa, thi tdi da chi cd 1 lin ed k i t qua diiu tra khdc bidt vdi k i t qua diiu tra hi$n cd.
op chdnh Idch ddng ke theo % ddnh gid cua nhdn vidn vd hd sd khdc bi$t xdc suit r i t Idn eho thiy nhu c i u v i khdng gian vui chai giai tri cho nhdn vidn vdn phdng a Hd Npi hidn rat ein thiit
4. K 6 T LUAN
Tuang quan ddng tin cdy giQ'a ede nhdm cdu hdi duac rut ra sau cdc phdp thd' xdc suit thdng kd t h i hidn trdn bang 1 eho phdp rut ra cdc kit ludn sau;
1. KhPng gian vui chai giai tri, tdp luypn TDTT trong vdn phdng Id c i n thiit vd nhu c i u dd mgnh me han d nhu'ng nhdn vidn ed ddi sdng phong phd, Idm vide d nhQ'ng van phdng tdt.
2. Khdng gian nay se giup nang eao ddi sdng tinh thin va sue khde cda nhan vidn (do phin Idn cdc cdu hdi anh hudng tuong tde vdi cdu hdi phy thupc lidn quan d i n ddi sdng tinh thin vd sue khde nhdn vidn), qua dd ndng cao hidu suit Idm vide cda ho.
3. Ndn thu nghidm dua vdo thiet k i nhQ'ng khdng gian ndy d cdc vdn phdng hgng A trudc do nhu eiu nhdn vidn d cdc van phPng tdt han thi mgnh me han.
Hinh 5: Khong gian vui chcyl t$p the thao trong vSn phdng
luy$n
Hinh 6: Khdng gian nghi ngai, chuydn trong vSn phdng trd
42
TAP CHf KHOA HOC C O N G NGHE XAY DUNG sd 02-12/2007Bing 1. TSng hgp theo He sokhSc bi$t (HSKB) cua cdc phSn nhdm tdi nhu eiu khdng gian vui chai giSi tri ciia nhSn vidn vSn phPng d HS Ndi,
Nhdm cSu hdi Snh ht/dng
Sue khde T i n suit dn nhdu vdi bgn bd sau gid Idm vide
T i n suit tdp luydn TDTT sau gid Idm vipc T i n suit ddnh thdi gian
cho cdc sd thich cd nhdn khdc sau gid ldm
vide
Thdi quen chai t h i thao
Logi vdn phdng
Nhd dn vdn phdng Mue dd quen khi hdu mua hd cda vdn phdng
Op cdch nhidt cua vdn phdng Mdi trudng canh quan
quanh nai ldm vide
Nhdm cSu hdi phu thude Quan diim v i rdn luydn the lue trong vdn phdng Nhu c i u khdng gian vui chai tap luydn TDTT Quan diim ve ren luydn
t h i luc, nhu eiu khdng gian, vui chai tdp luypn
TDTT
Nhu c i u khdng gian nghi ngai, trd chuydn trong vdn
phdng Quan diim v i rdn luydn t h i luc trong van phdng Quan diem v i rdn luypn the luc trong vdn phdng Quan diem v i rdn luydn t h i luc trong vdn phdng Quan diim ve rdn luydn t h i luc trong vdn phdng Nhu c i u khdng gian vui chai tdp luydn TDTT Quan diim ve rdn luypn t h i luc trong vdn phPng
Nhdm tich cue R i t tdt, tdt
Thudng xuydn, binh
thudng Rat thudng
xuydn, thudng xuydn R i t thudng
xuydn, thudng xuydn ChaiTT trong nhd
vd ngodi trdi Thdp vdn phdng, bipt
thu vdn phdng van phdng
ed nhd dn Thich hpp Cdch nhidt
tdt MTCQ tdt
Nhdmkdm tich cue hon
Trung binh Thinh thoang, khdng bao
gid Thinh thoang, khdng bao
gid Thinh thoang, khPng bao
gid Khdng chai
mdn ndo Tda nhd vdn
phdng Vdn phdng
khdng cd nhd dn Khdng thich
hap Cdch nhidt
khdng tdt MTCQ khdng tdt
HSKB
0.009
0.05
0.018
0.002
0.006
<0.001
<0.001 0.004 0.001
<0.001 HSKB
trung binh 0.184
0.03
0.0186
0.131
0.077
0.029
0.01 0.161 0.135 0.049
Tai li^u tham khdo
1 GS.TSKH Phgm Nggc DSng, Tmng tim Mdi twrCmg, DHXD, GS.TS. Takashi Yano. DH Kumamoto, Nh$t Bin - Thang cam gide trong tiing Vidt, (2006)
2. P. T. Hai Anh vS cpng su - Ode tinh tiing dn giao thdng a Hd Npi vd phan u'ng eda ngudi ddn vdi tiing dn, Hdi thao qudc t i dn vd rung, Lisbon, (2004)
3. GS. TS, Takashi Yano, Ts, Ma, DH Kumamoto, NhSt Bin - Thang cam gide tidu ehuin trong tiing Trung, Hdn vd Vipt, Tgp ehl dn vd rung sd 277, trang 583-588, 2004
4 H.M,E Miedema vS H. Vos, Anh hudng eua cdc y i u td nhdn khiu vd ed nhdn d i n cam giae chd quan, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 105, pp.3336-3344 (1999).
TAP CHf KHOA HOC C O N G N G H 6 XAY DUNG Sd02-12/2007 43
