SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'O'NG H 6 CHi MINH
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QIAJV BIEM CIJA HO CHI MMNR VE BAJVG COIVG S M
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TROIVG HEN TROiH CACH MAIVG VIET MAM
ThS PHAM QUOC THANH
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rong nhiing nam 20 ciia the ky XX, vdi tu each la dang vien eiia Dang Cdng san Phap, Hd Chi Minh ra sire tiep thu tu tudng each mang va khoa hgc cua thdi dai, van dung va phat trien sang tao vao dieu kien cu the ciia Viet Nam, trong dd, van de td chiic, lanh dao each mang d mdt nudc thugc dia ludn dugc Ngudi quan tam. Nam 1921, khi phan tich tinh hinh each mang Ddng Duong, Hd Chi Minh da chi ra nhiing dieu kien, tiem nang va kha nang each mang dang tiem an trong xa hdi, trong dd de cap den vai trd cua ddi tien phong each mang rang: "Bd phan uu tu cd nhiem vu phai thiic day cho thdi co dd mau den"'. Nam 1923, trong Bdo cdo gin Qudc te Cdng sdn cua Hd Chi Minh da chi rd tinh hinh d Ddng Duong ve phuong dien chinh tri thi "Khdng cd chinh dang". Den nam1924, phat bieu tai phien hgp lan thii 25 ciia Dai hdi lan thir V Qudc te Cdng san, Ngudi da phan tich tinh canh nhan dan bi ap birc va chi ra nguyen nhan dan den that bai ciia phong trao dan tdc trong cac xii thugc dia rang trong tat ea cae thude dia cua Phap, nan ngheo ddi deu tang, sir phan uat ngay cang len cao. Sir
* Trudng Dai hpc KHXH&NV, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi
ndi day cua ndng dan ban xii da chin muoi.
Trong nhieu nude thugc dia, hg da vai lan noi day, nhung lan nao ciing bi dim trong mau.
Neu hien nay ndng dan van cdn d trong tinh trang tieu cue, thi nguyen nhan la vi hg cdn thieu td chiie, thieu ngudi lanh dao. Tir do, Ngudi ket luan bai phat bieu cua minh bang yeu cau Qudc te Cdng san can phai giiip do hg, td chiic hg va phai cung cap can bd lanh dao cho hg. Tir thuc tien phong trao each mang the gidi, Hd Chi Minh chi rd each menh thi phai cd td chiie rat virng ben mdi thanh cdng. "Vay nen siic each menh phai tap trung, mudn tap trung phai cd dang each menh"^.
Nam 1925, xuat phat tir tinh hinh each mang nudc ta liic dd, Hd Chi Minh td chiic ra Hpi Viet Nam Cach mang Thanh nien, dd khdng phai la mgt hdi quan ehiing, ma trong tu tudng ciia nhiing ngudi td chiic thi "Hdi nay se la co sd cho mdt dang ldn han"^ Ciing trong thdi gian do, Ngudi cdn tich cue td ehiic cac Idp huan luyen chinh tri cho thanh nien Viet Nam va Hd Chi Minh la giang vien ehinh true tiep giang bai trong cae Idp huin luyen. Din diu nam 1927, cac bai giang dd ciia Ngudi dugc Bd tuyen truyen cua Hdi lien hiep cac dan tdc bi ap biic d A Ddng tap hgp lai thanh cudn sach mang ten Duong cdch menh. Trong cudn sach
28 TAP CHi LICH SLF O A N G - S6 12/2009
SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'O'NG H 6 CHI MINH
dd, Hd Chi Minh da dat ra va tra ldi cau hdi:
"Cdch menh trudc het phdi cd cdi gi? Trudc het phai cd dang each menh, de trong thi van ddng va td chirc dan ehimg, ngoai thi lien lac vdi dan tdc bi ap birc va vd san giai cap mgi nod"^. Den day, vai trd ciia mdt dang each mang ddi vdi su nghiep each mang giai phdng dan tdc da dugc Ngudi khang dinh diit khoat; dang dd vira giao due, van ddng, td chirc, giac ngd dan chimg d trong nudc, dua hg ra diu tranh gianh ddc lap, tu do; ddng thdi, dang dd cdn lam nhiem vu gan ket each mang Viet Nam vdi phong trao each mang the gidi.
Tir kinh nghiem Cach mang thang Mudi Nga, Ngudi chi ra rang, mudn each menh thanh cdng phai lay dan chiing (edng - ndng) lam gdc, phai ben gan, phai hy sinh, phai thdng nhat, "phai cd dang viing ben"^ Va Hd Chi Minh nhan manh: "Dang cd viing each menh mdi thanh cdng, ciing nhu ngudi cam lai cd vung thuyen mdi chay"^. Theo Ngudi,
"Dang mudn viing thi phai ed ehii nghia lam cdt, trong dang ai eiing phai hieu, ai ciing phai theo chu nghia ay. Dang ma khdng cd chii nghia ciing nhu ngudi khdng ed tri khdn, tau khdng cd ban chi nam. Bay gid hgc thuyet nhieu, chu nghia nhieu, nhung chu nghia chan chinh nhat, chac chan nhat, each mang nhat la chii nghia Lenin"^. Ben canh dd, mdt yeu td quan trgng hang dau, gdp phan lam eho Dang each mang manh, virng ben dugc Hd Chi Minh de cap den la pham chat ehinh tri, dao dire ciia mdi dang vien. Chinh vi the, ngay md dau tac pham Dudng cdch menh, Hd Chi Minh da neu ra 23 dilu ve tu each mdt ngudi each mang: "Tu minh phdi: Can kiem. Hoa ma khdng tu. Ca quyet sira ldi minh. Can than ma
khdng nhiit nhat. Hay hdi. Nhan nai (chiu khd).
Hay nghien ciiu, xem xet. Vi cdng vong tu.
Khdng hieu danh, khdng kieu ngao. Ndi thi phai lam. Giir chii nghia eho vung. Hy sinh. It Idng ham mudn ve vat chat. Bi mat. Ddi nguai phdi:
Vdi tung ngudi thi khoan thii. Vdi doan the thi nghiem. Cd Idng bay ve eho ngudi. True ma khdng tao bao. Hay xem xet ngudi. Lam viec phdi: Xem xet hoan canh ky cang. Quyet doan.
Diing cam. Phue timg doan the"l
Vay la, tir nhiing nam 20 cua the ky XX, quan diem eua Hd Chi Minh ve tim quan trgng va sir can thiet eiia mdt dang each mang d mdt nude thugc dia da dugc the hien mdt each rd rang.
Khdng chi tren phuong dien ly luan, ma bang hoat ddng thuc tien sdi ndi, khdng met mdi ciia minh, timg budc mdt, Ngudi da chuan bi cac dieu kien de di tdd thanh lap mdt dang each mang theo hgc thuyet Mac - Lenin d Viet Nam. Dang Cong san Viet Nam ra ddi, theo nhu Ngudi ndi, la san pham eiia sir ket hgp chii nghia Mac - Lenin vdi phong trao cdng nhan va phong trao yeu nude. Day la quy luat ra ddi ciia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, mgt net ddc dao cua each mang Viet Nam. Vi vay. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam khdng chi la ddi tien phong eiia giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam, ma Dang edn la Dang ciia dan tdc Viet Nam. Quan diem gan dang cdng san vdi phong trao cdng nhan va phong trao yeu nudc, gan giai cap vdi dan tdc ciia Hd Chi Minh la diing din, phii hgp vdi each mang nude ta
Quan diem eiia Hd Chi Minh ve dang kieu mdi duge Ngudi hoan thien din qua cac thdi ky each mang, trd thanh tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Tu tudng cua Ngudi ve Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da dugc quan triet trong each mang Viet Nam qua nhieu thdi ky'
TAP CHi LICH SLF O A N G - S6 12/2009 29
SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'O'NG H 6 CHi MINH
each mang, tren ea phuong dien tu tudng chinh tri va td chirc. Dang ta ngay cang ldn manh, trd thanh nhan td quylt dinh true tiep mgi thang lgi ciia each mang Viet Nam trong tam muoi nam qua: Cach mang thang Tam thanh cdng, khang chiln chong thuc dan Phap, chdng de qudc My thing lgi va ngay nay dang gianh dugc nhieu thanh tuu tren eon dudng ddi mdi. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh lanh dao each mang, cd liic, cd nod, cd thdi ky. Dang ta mac sai lam, khuyet diem. Song, chiing ta can nhan thiic diing dan ring, nhiing sai lam, khuyet diem dd la nhung budc liii tam thdi trong qua trinh phat trien eua each mang nudc ta Dang ta da manh dan nhin thang vao sir that, tu phe binh va phe binh nhimg sai lam, khuyet diem eiia minh va kien quyet khac phuc, sira chira de dua each mang tien len.
Day chinh la thai do ciia mdt Dang each mang chan ehinh theo tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. Dieu nay, dan tdc ta, nhan dan ta deu da thira nhan.
Viec hge tap, van dung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vao nhieu linh vuc ciia ddi sdng, xa hdi da va dang la van de cd y nghia chien luge. Tu tudng eiia Ngudi khdng chi gdp phan dua dan tdc Viet Nam gianh nhieu thang lgi hien hach trong qua khii ma van edn nguyen gia tri va tinh thdi sir trong sir nghiep each mang hien tai. Vi vay, nang eao nhan thiic va khdng ngimg hgc tap, van dung sang tao tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ndi chung va tu tudng eua Ngudi ve xay dung dang trong sach, vung manh ndi rieng trong dieu kien mdi hien nay nham mue tieu dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chii, van minh la het sire quan trgng va can thiet bdi vi tu tudng Hd Chi Minh la sang tao va phat trien. Sinh thdi, Ngudi da chi rd: Dang ta la dao dire, la van minh; Dang lanh dao each
mang vi lgi ich ciia Td qude, cua nhan dan, la chi cdng vd tu, minh vi mgi ngudi; "Khdng co vinh du nao to bang cai vinh hanh dugc lam dang vien ciia Dang Cdng san. Vi vay, bat ky d hoan canh nao, lam cdng viec gi, chiing ta ciing phai kien quyet lam cho xiing dang vdi vinh hanh iy"^. Ngudi cdn ndi: "Mdt dan tdc, mpt dang va moi con ngudi, ngay hdm qua la vl dai cd siic hip dan ldn, khdng nhat dinh hdm nay va ngay mai van dugc mgi ngudi yeu men va ca nggi, nlu long da khdng trong sang niia, neu sa vao chii nghia ea nhan... Mdi con ngudi deu cd thien va ac d trong Idng. Ta phai biet lam cho phin tdt d trong mdi con ngudi nay nd nhu hoa miia xuan va phan xau bi mat dan di, dd la thai do cua ngudi each mang""'. Dd la nhirng chi dan quy bau ddi vdi dan tdc ta. Dang ta va nhan dan ta.
Ngay nay, each mang Viet Nam da vugt qua dugc chang dudng dau tien ciia thdi ky qua do va dang budc vao chang dudng thii hai - day manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc. Dat nudc ta dang diing trudc nhieu thdi CO, nhung nguy co ciing khdng it. Thdi co va thach thiic dan xen nhau. Trudc tinh hinh mdi dd. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da nhieu lan nhan manh trong nghj quyet ciia minh la phai phdn ddu xdy dung Ddng ngang tdm vai
nhiem vu cdch mang mai. Van dung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, ke thira nhiing truyen thdng quy bau ciia dan tdc, ciia Dang nham phat huy thang lgi da dat dugc cua each mang, kien quyet khac phuc, sira chira khuyet diem; ra siic tranh thu van hdi, thdi ca, day liii nguy ca, la traeh nhiem ciia tit ca can bd, dang vien va toan the nhan dan Viet Nam yeu nudc.
(Xem tiep trang 46)
30 TAP CHi LICH SLF O A N G - S6 12/2009
DIEN OANTU'TU'ONG-LY LUAN
hien va xir ly. Tap trung la dieu kien, la phuang thire cua dan chii, edn dan chii la muc dich, la dam bao cho tap trung khdng rod vao tap trung quan lieu, ddc doan chuyen quyen, ciing nhu dan chii khdng rod vao hinh thiic.
- Luat hda, the ehe hda mdi quan he Dang lanh dao, Nha nudc quan ly va nhan dan lam chii.
- Xiet chat ky luat, ky cuong, luat phap, xir ly nghiem minh eac vi pham, sai pham. De cao trach nhiem, che do trach nhiem, bdn phan, nghia vu, nhat la vdi cac can bd lanh dao, quan ly cac cap. Dieu le Dang la bd luat tdi cao ciia toan Dang, mgi dang vien phai thuc hien nghiem chinh, khdng cd ngoai le.
- Thi hanh ky luat Dang phai nghiem khae, nghiem minh hon nira de neu cao tac dung giao due trong Dang va neu guong trong xa hdi.
Dd la nhiing van de birc xuc can giai quyet, lam cho Dang trong sach, viing manh, ximg dang la mdt Dang lanh dao va cam quyen.
QUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH.
(Tiep theo trang 30)
trong sach, viing manh, dap iing nhu cau phat trien eiia dan tdc ta va nguyen vgng eiia nhan dan ta. Cu the, phai nang cao ban linh chinh tri va trinh do tri tue ciia Dang;
kien toan va ddi mdi boat ddng ciia td chiic CO sd dang, nang cao chat lugng ddi ngii dang vien; thuc hien nghiem tiic nguyen tac tap trung dan chii trong Dang, tang cudng quan he gin bd giira Dang vdi nhan dan, nang cao chat lugng va hieu qua cdng tac kiem tra, giam sat; ddi mdi td chiic, bd may va cdng tac can bd; ddi mdi phuong thiic lanh dao cua Dang. Dac biet, trong nhiing nam tdi, chiing ta phai danh nhieu cdng siic tao dugc chuyen bien rd ret ve xay dung Dang, phat huy truyen thdng each mang, ban chat giai cap cdng nhan va tinh tien phong ciia Dang; xay dung Dang thue sir trong sach, viing manh ca ve ehinh tri, tu tudng va td chiic, doan ket nhat tri cao, gan bd mat thiet vdi nhan dan, ed phuong thiic lanh dao khoa hgc, cd ddi ngii can bd, dang vien dii pham chat va nang lire. Day la nhiem vu then chdt, cd y nghia sdng cdn ddi vdi Dang va sir nghiep each mang ciia nhan dan ta.
Trong dieu kien hien nay, de hoan thanh
nhiem vu each mang ve vang, giir vOng, \.Hd<Chi Minh Todn tap, C1:QG,W,200Q,
tang cudng sir lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng san T.l, tr.28
Viet Nam, cin rilp tuc tap trung lam tdt cae 2,4,5,6,7,8. Sdd, T.2, tr.267, 267-268, 280, cdng tac quan trgng da dugc Dai hdi X ciia 268, 268, 260
Dang neu ra, nham tiep tuc ddi mdi, chinh 3. Sdd, T.3, tr.35 ddn Dang, nang cao nang lire va siic chiln 9. Sdd, T.5, tr.550
diu ciia Dang, xay dung Dang thuc sir 10.5'^c?,T.12,tr.557-558.
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