DIEN OAN TU" TU-dNG - LY L U A N
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V€ BDN CHHT CRCH MflNG VR KHOn HOC cun DnNG CONG SnN VICT NHM
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TS HOANG MANH DOAN*
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ir khi ra ddi din nay, Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da lanh dao nhan dan Viet Nam gianh nhirng thing Igi to ldn trong sir nghiep giai phdng dan tdc, xay dung, bao ve dit nudc va thuc hien su nghiep ddi mdi. Vj till cua Viet Nam ngay cang dugc nang cao tren trudng qude te.Cd dugc nhung tiianh tuu Idn lao dd la do Dang da van dung sang tao chu nghia Mac- Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vao hoan canh thuc te a nudc ta.
Viet Nam diu till ky XX la mgt nudc thudc dja nira phong kien, nen kinh te lac hau, que quat, cdng nghiep gan nhu chua phat triln, giai cap cdng nhan (GCCN) tuy da ra ddi song cdn qua nhd be. Vi vay, phong trao diu tranh ciia GCCN chua dai dien cho toan bd phong trao dan tdc. Mat khac, liic nay, van de dan tdc da trdf nen bet sire biic xiic ddi hdi phai giai quyet, do dd, cugc dau tranh cua GCCN da hoa quyen vdi phong trao yeu nudc cua cac tang ldp khac trong xa hdi. Su ra ddi cita Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam ndm 1930, nhu Hd Chi Minh da chi rd dd la san pham ciia:
Hoc vien CT-HC quoc gia Hd Chi Minh
"Chil nghla Mac- Lenin kit hgp vdi phong trao cdng nhan va phong trao yeu nuac" .
Qua trinh xay dimg va trudng tiianh cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da ehiing td. Dang la ddi tien phong cd td chiic cua GCCN, mgt ddi ngii kien cudng cua phong trao cdng san qude tl, lly chu nghla Mac - Lenin lam nen tang tu tudng va kim chi nam cho mgi hanlr ddng;
mang trong mmh ban chat each mang va khoa bgc, thudc tinh can ban nhat cua mdt Dang Mae- Lenin. Ban chat each mang va khoa bgc ay dugc cimg cd va nang cao cimg vdi cugc diu tranh ben bi va rat anh diing cua GCCN va nhan dan ta. Nd dugc tiie hien sinh ddng d tinh than each mang tien cdng, chien dau kien cudng, hy sinh anh diing, tan tuy, trung thanh va nang lire boat ddng thue tien eua cac td chiic dang, ciia can bd dang vien; a viec giai quyet mdt each khoa hge chinh xac ve cac van de chien lugc va saeh luge, phuong phap each mang cua each mang Viet Nam; van de ddi ndi ciing nhu ddi ngoai; vin dl tuan tiiu va van dung sang tao nhirng nguyen ly cua chii nghia Mae- Lenin.
Bdn chdt cdch mgng vd khoa hge cua Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam dugc thi hien:
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DI^NDANTU'TU'O'NG-LY LUAN
1. Dang ludn xac djnh va khdng ngimg nang cao tinh chat GCCN cua Dang. Dang ta ngay tu khi thanh lap da dugc Nguyen Ai Qude khang djnh la mdt dang kieu mdi, dang cua GCCN va nhan dan Viet Nam. Trong Chanh cuong vdn tdt cua Ddng, Sdch lugc vdn tdt ciia Ddng, dugc thdng qua tai Hdi nghj thanh lap Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, Nguyen Ai Qude da cho rang: "Dang la ddi tien phong cua vd san giai cap, phai thu phuc cho dugc dai bd phan giai cap minh, phai lam cho giai cap minh lanh dao dugc dan chimg.
Dang phai thu phuc cho dugc dai bd phan dan cay va phai dua vao hang dan cay ngheo lam thd dja each mang danh tnic bgn dai dja chii va phong ki en... "^.
Tuan theo tdn chi, mue dieh tren, trong sudt chang dudng gan 80 nam lanh dao each mang Viet Nam, dii phai trai qua nhieu gian nan thir thach, mang nhung ten ggi khac nhau (Dang Cdng san Viet Nam tir 3-2-1930 den tiiang 10-
1930; Dang Cdng san Ddng Duong tu tiianglO- 1930 din tiiang 2-1951; Dang Lao ddng Viet Nam tir tiiang 2-1951 din tiiang 12-1976 va tir 1976 din nay la Dang Cdng san Viet Nam), Dang vin mang trong minh ban chat GCCN ca ve mat nhan tiiiic ciing nhu trong hanh ddng.
Dang khing djnh tinh chit GCCN ciia Dang cd nghia la khing djnh lap trudng cua Dang la lap trudng GCCN, giai d p gan lien vdi nen san xdt dai cdng nghiep, tieu bieu cho xu tiie phat triln cua tiidi dai, cd he tu tudng each mang va khoa hge cua chu nghia Mac- Lenin.
2. Ban chit each mang va khoa hge cua Dang cdn dugc till hien d mdt van de bet sire quan trgng la: Ngay tu khi ra ddi. Dang da sdm tilp tiiu ehan ly cua tiidi dai each mang vd san, ludn ludn giuong cao nggn cd ddc lap dan tdc
va CNXH, lanh dao nhan dan ta tien hanh cugc each mang sau sac nhat, quyet liet nhat trong thdi dai chiing ta Tir Xdviet Nghe - Tinh den Cach mang thang Tam thang lgi va den cugc khang chien trudng ky ehdng thuc dan Phap, Dang da lanh dao nhan dan ta vugt qua mudn van gian khd va da gianh tiiang Igi bang chien thang ljch sir Dien Bien Phu ehan ddng dja cau.
Dae biet la nhiing nam khang chien ehdng My, ciiu nudc, trong hoan canh so sanh lire lugng giiia ta va de qude My chenh lech rat Idn; tinh hinh qude te liic dd cd nhieu tiiuan Igi nhung ciing cd nhieu khd khan, phire tap. Dang da nang cao gap bdi y chi chien dau, nghj lire kien cudng va diing khi each mang, giir vung chien lugc tien cdng, lanh dao nhan dan ta timg budc vugt mgi khd khan tien len gianh thang lgi hoan toan trong Dai thang miia Xuan 1975.
3. Ban chat each mang va khoa hge cua Dang cdn dugc the hien rd net d chd: Trong sudt qua trinh lanh dao each mang Viet Nam, Dang da giai quyet mdt each dung dan cac van de ve dudng Idi va phuong phap each mang. Dang khdng ngimg diing viing tren lap trudng ciia chu nghla Mac- Lenin, bgc tap cd chgn lge kinh nghiem each mang cua cac dang anh em, tdng ket sau sac kinh nghiem each mang nuac ta, xuat phat d y du tir hien thuc sinh ddng cua xa hdi Viet Nam, giai quyet mdt each ddc lap va sang tao ca tren linh vuc ddi ndi va ddi ngoai, ve each mang dan tdc, dan chu, ve chien tranh each mang.
Vi du: Trong khang chien ehdng My, ciiu nudc, Dang ta chu truong khdi nghia timg phan, tien cdng va ndi day, ndi day va tien cdng, vira danh vira dam, vira dam vira danh, ket hgp tien cdng ve chinh tri, quan su va ngoai giao...Trong su nghiep xay dung
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D I E N D A N T U ' T L / O N G - L Y L U A N
CNXH. Dang ta chii truong thuc hien dudng Idi ddi mai todn diin ddt nuac, thuc hien ea che kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng XHCN va dudng Idi CNH, HDH vi muc tieu dan giau, nudc manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chii, van minh. Dd la sir van dung sang tao Bdn chdt cdch mgng vd khoa hge cua Dang ta.
4. Ban chat each mang va khoa hge cua Dang cdn dugc tiie hien cu the d chd: Dang ludn ludn tuan thu va van dung sang tao nhiing nguyen ly cua chu nghia Mac- Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve Dang kieu mdi ciia GCCN.
Trong sudt chang dudng lanh dao each mang Viet Nam, Dang khdng ngimg xay dung Nha nuac va cac td chiic trong he thdng chinh tri, phat huy quyen lam chu tap the cua nhan dan.
Dang ta khdng ngimg tang cudng cdng tac xay dung Dang tren cac linh vuc chinh trj, tu tudng, td chirc nham tang cudng tinh chat GCCN ciia Dang, phuc vu yeu cau, nhiem vu chinh tri ciia Dang. Trong sinh boat Dang, nguyen tac tap trung dan chii khdng ngimg dugc de cao, phii hgp vdi yeu cau, nhiem vu va dac diem hoan canh boat ddng ciia Dang trong timg thdi ky. Nhiing bieu hien quan lieu, ddc doan, chuyen quyen ciing nhu bieu hien Idng leo ky luat deu bj phe phan. Quan tam lanh dao cugc dau tranh phdng, ehdng tham nhiing trong mdt bd phan can bd, dang vien. Dang ta da khdng ngimg cham lo giii gin pham chat each mang, ddng tiidi ra siic nang cao kien tiiiic, nang lire cua can bd, dang vien theo yeu d u nhiem vu chinh tri cua Dang trong timg thdi ky.
Toan bd nhung cd gang tren day cua Dang da lam cho Dang ta khdng ngimg ldn manh, ludn ludn la mdt ca the sdng, cd tinh nang ddng, cd CO eau td chirc phii hgp, cd ddi ngii can bd, dang vien virng vang trudfC mgi thii
tiiach. Cd till ndi "ljch su xay dung Dang ta la ljch sir xay dung thanh cdng mdt chinh Dang Mac- Lenin trong dilu kien mdt nuac tiiudc dja nira phong kiln, ndng nghiep lac hau, mac dil phai trai qua bao nhieu thir tiiach hiem ngheo, phai ehdng tra du loai thii trong, giae ngoai phong kien va de qude, thuc dan cu va thuc dan mdi, nhung van khdng ngimg phat trien Idn manh va dua each mang Viet Nam di tir thang lgi nay den thang lgi khae"^.
Hien nay d t nuac ta dang ddi mdi toan dien va d y manh sir nghiep CNH, HDH. Quan he ddi ngoai cua Dang, Nha nuac ta dang phat trien tdt dep, vj the Viet Nam dugc ban be qude te danh gia cao. Tinh hinh dd ddi hdi Dang ta hon liic nao het phai bam sat thuc tien va tir thuc tien cugc sdng de phan tich nhung viec da lam dugc va chua lam dugc, tdng ket kinh nghiem, tiep tue va kjp tiidi bd sung, phat trien, cu tiie hoa dudng ldi, lam cho dudng Idi cua Dang ngay cang sinh ddng, mang d y du tinh khoa hge va each mang va do dd cang cd hieu lire, hieu qua trong cugc sdng.
De phat huy ban niia ban chit each mang va Idioa hge cua Dang, dl Dang lam trdn sii menh ljch sir lanh dao ddi vdi toan xa hdi, giii vimg la mdt chinh Dang quang vinh, ludn ludn trung tiianh vdi chu nghia Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, Dang ta cham lo xay dung Dang vung manh, giir gin phim chat each mang di ddi vdi nang cao kiln tiiiic, nang luc cho ddi ngii can bg, dang vien dap ling vdi ddi hdi ciia rtiiiem vu ehinh trj cua d t nuac trong tiidi ky mdi. .
l.H6ChiMinh: VixdydrngDang ST,H, 1970,tr.88 2. Ho Chi Minh Todn tap ,CTQG, H, 1995, T.3, tr.3 3. Bdo cdo long kit xdy dung Ddng, ST, H, 1988, tr.25-26.
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