KY NIEM 40 N A M THLTC HIEN Dl CHUC CLIA CHCI TICH HO CHI MINH
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DI CHUC HO CHI MINH
VA CON DUIirNG DOI MOTI0 VIET NAM HOM NAY
N G U Y E N T H E N G H I A * (»)
Ban Di chuc lich sii ma. cdch ddy 40 nam, trUdc luc di xa, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da de lai cho todn Ddng, todn qudn, todn ddn ta khong chi kit tinh trong do tinh hoa tii tiidng, dao diic vd tdm hon cao dep cua mot vi nhdn, md con the hien diCdng loi chien liidc vd sdch iMc cua cdch mang Viet Nam. Do vdy, 40 ndm qua, nhdt la trong cong cupc doi mdi d nUdc ta hien nay, Di chuc Ho Chi Minh vdn soi sdng con diidng cdch mang Viet Nam. Trong bdi viet ndy, sau khi neu bat nhQng gid tri triibng ton, mang y nghia lich sd vd thdi dai cua Di chuc Ho Chi Minh, tdc gid dd chi ra vd ludn gidi vai tro dinh hiidng ciia tii tiidng Ho Chi Minh ve xdy diing Ddng, ve dodn ket ddn tgc, ve ren luyen dao ddc cdch mang, ddo tao the he tre, phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi,... doi vdi cong cupc doi mdi d niidc ta hien nay.
40 n a m triidc, s a u k h i da cong hien Idi h i e u t r i e u t h i e n g lieng cua To quoc trgn ddi cho sU n g h i e p each m a n g cua thiic giuc bao t h e h e ngifdi Viet N a m len d a n tgc va n h a n loai, C h u tich Ho Chi diidng d a n h giae, ciiu nifdc va xay diing Minh da di vao coi v i n h h S n g vdi tii each To' quoc Viet N a m giau, m a n h . Cd t h e ngifdi a n h h u n g giai p h d n g d a n tgc, n h a ndi, Di chuc cua C h u tich Ho Chf M i n h t\i tiidng, n h a v a n hoa Idn cua thdi dai da k e t t i n h n h i i n g gia t r i cao dep n h a t chiing ta. Triidc luc di xa, Ngiidi da de lai cua v a n hoa phiidng Tay, v a n h d a phiidng cho t o a n D a n g , t o a n q u a n , t o a n d a n t a Dong, gia t r i v a n hda t r u y e n t h o n g Viet b a n Di chuc lich sii, k e t t i n h t r o n g dd ca N a m va chu n g h i a Mac - L e n i n ditdc toa t i n h hoa tii tiidng, dao diic va t a m hon s a n g t r o n g thiic t i e n each m a n g niidc ta.
cao dep ciia mot vl n h a n . ;i\sm fl^ycvu Chieu s a u va t a m cao trf t u e n h a n v a n dd Di chuc cua C h u tich Ho Chf M i n h ciia Ngiidi k h o n g p h a i tii n h i e n m a cd.
khong chi p h a n a n h khf p h a c h h a o h u n g Triidc het, nd diidc h i n h t h a n h tuf t r u y e n cua d a n tgc, k h o n g chi la t i n h cam va thd'ng que hiidng, d a t niidc va p h a t t r i e n niem tin cua Ngiidi d a n h cho D a n g , cho suo't q u a t r i n h k h o cong hgc t a p . r e n dan, ma cdn t h e h i e n diidng loi chien liidc
va sach lirgc cua each m a n g Viet N a m 40 ^.^ p^^, ^^^^ ^^ ^^.-^ ^. p ^ , ^.^^ ^^.^ ^^^ ,^^^ ^^.
n a m q u a . Di chuc cua Ngiidi da trd t h a n h phdt trien nhdn luc
NGUYEN THE NGHIA
luyen, tfch luy trong cugc ddi hoat dong each mang cua Ngiidi. De nghien ciiu, hoc tap Di chuc cua Ngiidi, chung ta can phai hieu bo'i eanh ma ban Di chuc ra ddi, dong thdi phai hieu con ngiidi Ho Chi Minh vdi chii Ngiidi viet hoa, vdi nhiing net dac sac cua mot nha hien triet phiidng Dong, ket hdp vdi tfnh each anh hung giai phdng dan toe va danh nhan van hoa the gidi.
Tu! khi cdn nhd, trong tam hdn Ho Chf Minh da sdm hinh thanh ly tiidng, tinh yeu dat niidc, ban chat trung kien va nghiem khae trong sinh hoat, ciing cdi va linh hoat trong giao tiep. Ngiidi Idn len trong mot gia dinh nha Nho thanh bach va hdn nUa, lai diidc nudi diidng bdi mot dan tgc cd truyen thong may ngan nam diing nifdc va giii niidc, cd nen van hien lau ddi va khat vgng viidn tdi cugc sd'^ng tot dep, song lai phai sd'ng trong eanh lam than. Chfnh trong hoan eanh dd, Ngiidi da sdm nhan ra noi nhuc cua kiep ddi no le, noi dau ciia ngifdi dan mat nifdc va Ngifdi da ra di tim difdng ciiu nifdc vdi mot y chf "dudi thiic dan, giai phdng dong bao". Bdn ba k h i p nam chau bd'n bien, lam du mgi nghe, hgc difdc nhieu dieu,...
va vao nam 1920, b i n g tam Idng yeu nudc nhiet thanh, tinh thiidng dan sau sac, chf cam thii giae, cung vdi trf tue anh mmh ciia minh, Ngiidi da tim thay d chu nghia Mac - Lenin mot con diidng mdi cho each mang Viet Nam. Ngifdi khang dinh:
"Muon cdu nudc vd gidi phong ddn tgc khong CO con diidng nao khde con diidng
cdch mang v6 sdn"{l).
Khi den vdi chu nghia Mac - Lenin, Hd Chf Minh da t h a u hieu tii tiidng "Nhan, Nghia, Trf, Diing" cua Nho giao va quan niem "tii bi, hi xa", "ciiu n h a n do the" cua Phat giao... Song, bang tri thiic khoa hgc va thiic tien each mang mdi, Ngifdi da vifdt qua nhiing han che ciia cac quan niem nay, hifdng tdi gia tri nhan van pho' quat - dd la cai tiidng quan giiia ca nhan - giai cap - dan tgc - n h a n loai trong toan bg sii nghiep each mang giai phdng con ngifdi. Ngifdi da biet den ifdc md cd mot xa hdi td't dep va chii trifdng ciiu vdt chiing sinh ciia Chua Giesu, den nhiing gia tri dfch thiic ciia van hoa phifdng Tay vdi nhiing tii tiidng tii do, binh dang, bac ai, V.V.. Chfnh vi vay, trong Tuyen ngon doc lap cua niidc ta, Ngiidi da difa vao do phan tinh tuy n h a t trong Tuyen ngon Doc lap ndm 1776 ciia niidc My va Tuyen ngon Nhdn quyen vd Ddn quyen ciia Cach mang Phap nam 1791 de khang dinh quyen difdc song trong binh dang, doc lap, tii do cua n h a n dan ta: "Tat cd moi ngiidi deu sinh ra co quyen binh ddng.
Tao hod cho hp nhdng quyen khong ai co the xdm pham diidc; trong nhiing quyen ay, CO quyen dUdc song, quyen tii do vd quyen miiu cdu hanh phuc" va "Ngiidi ta sinh ra tii do vd binh ddng ve quyen Icli;
vd phdi luon luon diidc tii do vd binh ddng ve quyen Idi"(2).
Thay rd nhiing gia tri trong tii tifdng
(1) Ho Chf Minh. Todn tap, t.9. Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia. Ha Noi, 1996, tr.314.
(2) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t.4, t r . l .
nhan van phiidng Tay, Ho Chi Minh cung sdm nhan rd nhiing han che cua quyen con ngiidi trong chii nghia tii ban va chi ra ring: "Chi cd chii nghia cdng san mdi ciiu nhan loai, dem lai cho mgi ngiidi khdng phan biet chung tgc va ngudn gd'c sii tii do, binh dang, bac ai, doan ket, am no tren qua dat, viec lam cho mgi ngiidi va vi mgi ngiidi, niem vui, hoa binh, hanh phuc..."(3). i .-IJ ' i i . . ; Tii nhiing gia tri nhan van trong cac nen van hoa Ddng - Tay va dao ly truyen thd'ng Viet Nam, Ho Chf Minh da tie'p thu chii nghia Mac - Lenin khdng phai theo Id'i "tim chiidng trfch cii", ma d Ngiidi la sii lang dong nhiing cai tinh hoa nha't trong the gidi quan duy vat, phiidng phap luan khoa hgc bien chiing, nhan sinh quan cgng san chii nghia va van dung chung mot each sang tao vao thiic tien Viet Nam. -OiU .lO'- ii-r; '.• f/j i,: lin,
Sii ra ddi cua Dang Cgng san Viet Nam dau nam 1930 la biidc ngoat vi dai trong lich sii each mang niidc ta. Nd cham diit thdi ky each mang Viet Nam trong tinh trang "den td'i nhii khdng cd diidng ra", ddng thdi md ra trang sii mdi cho dan tdc - trang sii ddc lap dan tgc gan lien vdi chii nghia xa hdi. Dang ta va Chu tich Hd Chf Minh da lanh dao nhan dan ta lam cugc Cach mang thang Tam thanh cdng, khai sinh ra nifdc Viet Nam mdi; va sau dd, danh t h i n g thiic dan Phap, de qud'c My xam liidc, giai phdng hoan toan mien Nam, thd'ng nha't To' qud'c, diia ca niidc di len chu nghia xa hdi. Tat ca nhiing dieu dd chiing td mdt sii that la: Dang Cdng
san Viet Nam la ngiidi khdi xiidng, td chiic va lanh dao nhan dan, diia each mang niidc ta di tif t h i n g Idi nay de'n t h i n g Idi khae. Ndi each khae, sii lanh dao cua Dang ludn la nhan to' quye't dinh mgi thang Idi cua each mang niidc ta.
Chfnh vi vay, Hd Chf Minh da danh phan md d i u ciia Di chuc de ndi ve Dang: "Nhd doan ket chat che, mot long mot da phuc vu giai cap, phuc vu nhan dan, phuc vu Td qude, cho nen tif ngay thanh lap den nay. Dang ta da doan ket, to' chiic va lanh dao nhan dan ta hang hai dau tranh tien tu: t h i n g Idi nay den t h i n g Idi khae.
Dodn ket la mdt truyen thd'ng ciic ky quy bau cua Dang va ciia dan ta. Cac ddng chf tii Trung ifdng de'n cac chi bd can phai giii gin sii doan ket nhat trf ciia Dang nhii giii gin con ngiidi cua mat minh.
Trong Dang thiic hanh dan chu rdng rai, thiidng xuyen va nghiem chinh tii phe binh vd phe binh la each tdt nhat de
cung CO va phat trien sii doan ket va thdng nhat cua Dang. Phai cd tinh ddng chf, thiidng yeu lan nhau.
Dang ta la mdt Dang c i m quyen. Mdi dang vien va can bd phai that sii tham n h u i n dao ddc cdch mang, that sii can kiem liem chfnh, chf cdng vd tii. Phai giii gin Dang ta that trong sach, phai xifng dang la ngifdi lanh dao, la ngifdi diy td that trung thanh cua nhan dan"(4).
De xay diing mdt Dang each mang ehan chfnh, du siic lanh dao each mang
(3) Ho Chi Minh, Sdd., t.l, tr.461.
(4) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t.l2, tr. 497 - 498.
NGUYEN THE NGHIA
cin rat nhieu yeu to': doan ket, tif tifdng, chfnh tri, td chiic, dao diic, van hda, v.v..
d day, Hd Chf Minh dat yeu to' doan ket len hang diu; bdi le, chi cd doan ket mdi tap hdp difdc liic lifdng, hinh thanh diidc td chiic each mang, mdi tao diidc siic manh de bien ly luan khoa hgc, difdng Id'i, chfnh sach thanh hien thiic. Doan ket khdng phai la sii nhat trf chung chung;
nd hoan toan xa la vdi each sdng "dl hda vi quy". Doan ket chi thiic sii tao ra siic manh each mang tren cd sd "thiic hanh dan chu rdng rai, thiidng xuyen va nghiem chinh tii phe binh vd phe binh".
Dd chfnh la nguyen tac, phifdng phap luan macxft de tranh chii quan duy y chf, thdi quan lieu va te tham nhiing. Tii do, dan chii la dieu kien c i n thie't de hdi hgp, trao ddi, tranh luan nhiing van de quan trgng ciia Dang va Nha niidc. Khdng cd tii do trao ddi, tranh luan thi khdng the cd sii thd'ng nha't thiic sii trong hanh ddng.
Nhiing, de diidng Id'i, chinh sach, nghi quye't da diidc thdng qua trd thanh hien thiic, thi cin cd ky luat va td chiic tren tat ca cac trinh do va trong mgi linh viic cua ddi sd'ng xa hdi. Nhii vay, cd the ndi, trong tif tiidng Hd Chf Minh, truyen thdng doan ket tren cd sd "thiic hanh dan chii rdng rai" va thiic hien "thifdng xuyen", "nghiem chinh" nguyen t i c "tii phe binh va phe binh", ren luyen dao diic
"can kiem liem chfnh, chf cdng vd tif" - dd la nhiing nhan td quan trgng gdp p h i n lam cho Dang ta thiic sii "xiing dang la ngiidi lanh dao, la ngifdi d i y td that trung thanh cua nhan dan".
La mdt nha chien liidc thien tai, Hd Chf Minh ludn cd t i m nhin xuyen thau lich sii, tif qua khtf de'n hien tai va tif hien tai den tiidng lai. Cach mang la phai cd sii ke thiia, ddi mdi. Vi vay, viec "boi difdng the' he each mang cho ddi sau la mdt viec r a t quan trgng va rat can thiet"(5). Bdi difdng the he each mang cho ddi sau, ddi vdi Ngiidi, triidc het la bdi diidng the he tre, bdi chi cd hg mdi du siic lam nen sii nghiep Idn la giai phdng dan tgc va xay diing chii nghia xa hdi. Ngifdi dat niem tin Idn vao the he tre va ludn nghi rang, "niidc nha thinh hay suy, yeu hay manh, mdt p h i n Idn la do cac thanh nien" - "thanh nien la ngiidi chii tiidng lai ciia nifdc nha" - nhiing ngiidi "thifa ke*' va "tie'p siic each mang" cho the he di triidc mdt each xiing dang. Nhiing the he
"thiia ke each mang" nay khdng the hinh thanh tii phat mot sdm, mot chieu, ma phai diidc chu ddng giao due, dao tao mot each cd ke hoach, "vi Idi fch miidi nam trdng cay, vi Idi fch tram nam trong ngiidi". Vi vay, "Dang can phai cham lo giao due dq.o ddc cdch mang cho ho, dao tao hg t h a n h nhiing ngiidi thiia ke xay diing xa hdi chu nghia viia "hdng" vifa
"chuyen"(6). De dao tao diidc nhiing ngiidi
"thiia ke each mang" nhii vay, c i n quan triet phiidng cham "hgc di ddi vdi hanh",
"ly luan g i n lien vdi thiic tiln"; ddng thdi phai sii dung nhiing phifdng phap giao due khoa hgc, ma trifdc het va rat quan
(5) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t . l 2 , tr,498.
(6) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t . l 2 , tr.498.
trgng la phiidng phap "neu giidng". "Lay giidng ngiidi td't, viec td't de h i n g ngay giao due l i n nhau la mdt trong nhiing each tdt nhat de xay diing Dang, xay diing cac td chiic each mang, xay diing con ngifdi mdi, cugc sd'ng mdi"(7). "Day cac chau thi ndi vdi cac chau chi la mdt phin, cai chfnh la phai cho cac chau nhin thay, cho nen nhiing tam gifdng thiic te la rat quan trgng"(8). Ca cugc ddi Ngifdi la tam gifdng mau miic cua dao diic each mang "cin kiem liem chfnh, chf cdng vd tii", phong each sd'ng gian di, trong sang.
Gid day, Dang ta tien hanh Cugc van ddng "Hgc tap va lam theo tam giidng dao diic Hd Chf Minh" chfnh la de thiic hien Idi can dan nay ciia Ngiidi n h i m dao tao nhiing con ngiidi Viet Nam mdi, du siic, dii tai difa sii nghiep ddi mdi dat niidc theo dinh hiidng xa hdi chu nghia den thang lgi trgn ven.
Cach mang la sii nghiep ciia q u i n chiing - luan diem dd cua chii nghia Mac - Lenin khdng bao gid cii ca, nhat la ddi vdi each mang xa hdi chu nghia. Chii nghia xa hdi sinh ddng, sang tao la sii nghiep ciia ban than q u i n chiing nhan dan. O Hd Chf Minh, thifdng dan het miic va tin dan bat ngudn tif gia tri truyen thd'ng nhan ai Viet Nam ma triic tiep nhat, gin nhat la tif tif tiidng "ai qud'c la ai dan" ciia cu than sinh ra Ngiidi. Tinh thifdng va long tin manh liet ay da trd thanh y chf, quyet tam each mang de gianh ddc lap, thd'ng nhat cho dan tdc, xay diing xa hdi mdi, dem lai cude sd'ng am no. hanh phiic cho nhan dan. Vdi
Ngiidi, "neu niidc ddc leip ma dan khdng hiidng hanh phiic tii do, thi ddc lap ciing chang cd nghia ly gi"(9). Chfnh vi vay, trong Di chuc, Ngiidi can dan: "Dang can phai cd ke hoach that td't de phat trien kinh te va van hoa, nham khdng ngiing ndng cao ddi song cua nhdn ddn"(10). Vi the', Ngiidi yeu ciu, sau t h i n g Idi cua cugc khang chien ehdng My, ciiu niidc, cin thie't va trvfdc het "mien thue ndng nghiep 1 nam cho cac hdp tac xa ndng nghiep de cho ddng bao hi ha, mat da, mat long, them niem phan khdi, day manh san xuat"(ll). Dd chfnh la tam gifdng "thau hieu Idng dan" va "khoan thii sifc dan" ciia ngiidi xUa.
Ndi ve each mang Viet Nam, md d i u Di chuc, Chu tich Hd Chf Minh da khang dinh sii tat thang cua cugc khang chien ehdng My, ciiu niidc ciia nhan dan ta. Dd la niem tin ciia mdt nha hien triet phiidng Ddng, ciia mdt lanh tu vao quy luat mudn ddi cua cude chien tranh "lay dai nghia thang hung tan, lay chf nhan thay ciidng bao". Dd ciing chfnh la niem tin ciia ngiidi anh hiing giai phdng dan tdc, danh nhan van hoa the gidi vao con ngiidi, vao Dang, vao q u i n chiing nhan dan, vao the he tre,... Do vay, ket thiic Di chuc, Ngiidi da chi rd con diidng va muc tieu cua each mang niidc ta la: "Toan Dang, toan dan ta doan ket phan dau.
(7) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t.l2, tr.558.
(8) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t.9, tr.331.
(9) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t,4, tr.56.
(10) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t.l2, tr.498.
(11) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t.l2, tr,504.
NGUYEN THE NGHIA
xay diing mdt nifdc Viet Nam hoa binh, thd'ng nha't, ddc lap, dan chu va giau manh, va gdp p h i n xiing dang vao sii nghiep each mang the gidi"(12). Va, de thiic hien muc tieu dd, theo Ngifdi, "cin phai ddng vien toan dan, td chiic va giao due toan dan, diia vao liic lifdng vi dai cua toan dan"(13).
40 nam da trdi qua, ke tif ngay Chu tich Hd Chf Minh di xa. Dang va nhan dan ta da tiing bifdc thiic hien t h i n g Idi nhiing dieu Ngiidi can dan. Chiing ta da hoan thanh xua't sac nhiem vu khang chien ehdng My, ciiu niidc, giai phdng mien Nam, thd'ng nhat To qud'c va diia ca nifdc di len chu nghia xa hdi. Chien tranh da di qua, nhifng nhieu nam sau, khdi liia chien tranh mdi thiic sii cham diit.
Chiing ta xay diing chu nghia xa hdi trong liic dat niidc cdn ngheo, lai mang tren minh d i y thiidng tfch chien tranh.
Khdng chi the, trong nhiing nam d i u thap ky 80, chiing ta cdn phai dd'i mat vdi nhiing yeu kem, bat cap cua cd che hanh chfnh quan lieu bao cap, nen kinh te dat niidc rdi vao khiing hoang t r i m trgng.
Chfnh trong hoan eanh ngat ngheo dd.
Dang ta da chiing td ban linh khoa hgc va each mang cua minh b i n g viec khdi xiidng, td chiic va lanh dao cdng cugc ddi mdi dat nifdc. Thiic hien Di chuc cua Chu tich Hd Chf Minh, tai Dai hdi VI, Dang ta da "nhin t h i n g vao sii that", thiic hien tii phe binh va phe binh, nghiem tiic riit ra nhiing bai hgc lich sii cua each mang Viet Nam: "lay dan lam gd'c", "tdn trgng va hanh ddng theo quy luat khach quan",
"doan ket toan dan", phat huy siic manh tdng hdp de bao ve To qud'c va xay diing chu nghia xa hdi. Cdng cugc dd'i mdi dang tren da khdi sac thi "sii sup dd d Lien Xd va cac niidc xa hdi chii nghia Ddng Au da gay xao ddng Idn ve tif tiidng, tinh cam trong can bd, dang vien va nhan dan", ddng thdi "cac the liic thii dich rao riet ehdng pha ta tren mat t r a n tii tiidng, van hoa nham thiic hien "dien bien hoa binh"(14). Diidi a n h sang ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin va tii tiidng Ho Chf Minh, Dang ta da td rd ban linh cua mdt Dang c i m quyen, huy ddng siic manh tdng hdp, thiic d i y cdng cugc dd'i mdi di len va dat diidc nhiing t h a n h tiiu kha quan. Dai hoi VIII cua Dang da tdng ket kinh nghiem va nhiing t h a n h tiiu ciia 10 nam ddi mdi, quye't dinh day m a n h cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat niidc vi muc tieu "dan giau, niidc manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh". Kiem diem 5 nam thiic hien Nghi quyet Dai hdi IX va danh gia tdng quat 20 nam dd'i mdi, Dang ta da khang dinh: "Hai miidi nam qua, vdi sii nd liic pha'n dau cua toan Dang, toan dan, toan quan, cdng cugc dd'i mdi d niidc ta da dat difdc nhiing thdnh tiiu to Idn vd co y nghia lich sii. Dat niidc da ra khdi khung hoang kinh te - xa hdi, cd sii thay ddi cd ban va toan dien. Kinh te tang triidng kha nhanh, sii nghiep cdng nghiep hda.
(12) Ho Chi Minh. Sdd., t . l 2 , tr.500.
(13) Ho Chf Minh. Sdd.. t,12. tr.505.
(14) Dang Cpng san Viet Nam. Van kien Hoi nghi lan thii nam Ban Chap hanh Trung lic/ng khoa VIII. Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia. Ha Noi, 1998, tr.51.
8
hien dai hda, phat trien kinh te thi triidng dinh hifdng xa hdi chu nghia diidc diy manh. Ddi sd'ng nhan dan diidc eai thien rd ret"(15)
Chiing ta tien hanh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa trong dieu kien kinh te' thi triidng, dat ntfdc "md ciia", "hdi nhap" vdi nhiing thdi cd va thach thiic to Idn.
Nhiing thach thiic dd la: "tut hau xa hdn ve kinh te", "dien bien hoa binh", "chech hudng xa hdi chii nghia", "quan lieu va tham nhiing". Dac biet la, "te quan lieu, tham nhiing va suy thoai ve pham chat, dao difc cua mdt bd phan can bd, dang vien lam cho bd may Dang va Nha nifdc suy yeu, Idng tin ciia nhan dan dd'i vdi Dang, dd'i vdi che do bi xdi mdn, cac chu triidng va chfnh sach ciia Dang va Nha nifdc hi thi hanh sai lech dan tdi chech hiidng; dd la manh dat thuan Idi chd dien bien hoa binh"(16). Sau hdn 20 nam dd'i mdi, tinh trang suy thoai ve tif tifdng chfnh tri, dao diic, Id'i sd'ng, benh cd hdi, chii nghia ca nhan va te quan lieu, tham nhiing, lang phi trong mdt bd phan can bd, cdng chiic van cdn dien ra mdt each nghiem trgng(17).
Cd the ndi, sau hdn 20 nam ddi mdi, vdi Viet Nam chiing ta, thuan Idi va khd khan, thdi cd va nguy cd van ludn dan xen lan nhau. Trong dieu kien dd, chiing ta khdng nhiing c i n phai chu ddng nam bat thdi cd de thiic d i y sii phat trien nhanh va viing chac nen kinh te thi trifdng dinh hifdng xa hdi chu nghia, ma cdn phai tfch ciic xay diing nen van hoa tien tien, dam da ban sac dan tgc. Ddng thdi, trien khai mdt each cd hieu qua cude
van ddng xay diing, chinh ddn Dang va diia Cugc van ddng "Hgc tap va lam theo tam giidng dao dute Hd Chf Minh" di vao chieu sau de nang cao chat lifdng can bd, dang vien theo tinh t h i n Di chuc ciia Chii tich Hd Chf Minh: doan ket, thiic hanh dan chu rdng rai, nghiem chinh tii phe binh va phe binh, ren luyen dao difc each mang "cin kiem liem chinh, chf cdng vd tif", nang cao ddi sd'ng cua nhan dan, xay diing ngudn nhan liic, dao tao nhan tai de tang ndi liic thiic day sii nghiep cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat niidc.
Di chuc ciia Chu tich Hd Chf Mmh khdng nhiing the hien tinh cam, niem tin cua Ngifdi danh cho Dang, cho dan, ma cdn la bd dud'c soi sang con difdng each mang Viet Nam de'n muc tieu dan giau, nifdc manh, xa hdi cdng bing, dan chii, van minh. Nghien cifu va suy n g i m ve nhiing tif tifdng cd ban cua Di chuc, nha't la nhiing tii tiidng ve xay diing Dang, ve doan ket tren cd sd tii phe binh va phe binh, ve ren luyen dao diic each mang, ve dao tao the he tre, ve phat trien kinh te...
de nang cao ddi sd'ng cua nhan dan va viec van dung nhiing tvf tifdng tren trong cdng cugc ddi mdi dat nifdc hien nay, cd the ndi, la viec lam cd y nghia ly luan va thiic tien sau sac.G
(15) Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Bai hoi dai bieu todn quoc lan thii X. Nxb Chinh tri Quo'c gia, Ha Noi, 1998, tr.67.
(16) Dang Cpng san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Bai hoi dai bieu todn quoc lan thii VUI. Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi, 1996, tr.79.
(17) Xem: Dang Cpng san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Hoi nghi lan thii nam Ban Chap hanh Trung U<tng khoa X. Nxb Chinh tri Quo'c gia, Ha Noi, 2006, tr.65.
