TRIET HOC, SO 6 (229), T H A N G 6-2010
GIA TRI VA sure SONG BEN VONG CUA CHU NGHIA MAC - LENIN
NHONG DIEU COT YEU TRONG Dl SAN HO CHI MINH VE GIAI PHONG DAN TOC DE PHAT TRIEN DAN TOC
T 6 I CHU NGHIA XA HOI
H O A N G C H I B A O (*)
Tu tuang Ho Chi Minh khong chi la sU van dung sdng tgo, md cdn la sU phdt trien chu nghia Mdc - Lenin trong thUc tien cdch mgng Viet Nam vd cdch mgng the gidi d thdi dgi mdi - thdi dgi sinh thdnh chu. nghia xd hoi hien thUc vd qud dp tdi chu nghia xd hgi. U Viet Nam, thdi dgi dy la thdi dgi cua dpc lap ddn tgc vd chu nghia xd hgi. Nhiing dieu cot yeu trong di sdn Ho Chi Minh la tU tudng ve gidi phdng ddn tgc, ve cdch mgng gidi phdng ddn tgc d cdc nUdc thugc dia vd phu thugc; vi Ddng cdch mgng chdn chinh vdi tU cdch Ddng kieu mdi; ve chu nghia xd hgi vd cong cugc xdy dUng chii nghia xd hgi d Viet Nam.
1. D i s a n H o C h i M i n h - q u a n n i e m v a b a n c h a t
Hd Chi M i n h la n h a tfl tfldng m a c x i t s a n g t a o ldn nha't c u a Viet N a m t r o n g t h e ky XX. T u t u d n g c u a Ngfldi k h d n g chi la sii v a n d u n g s a n g t a o , m a cdn la sfl p h a t t r i e n c h u n g h i a M a c - L e n i n t r o n g thUc t i e n each m a n g Viet N a m c u n g nhU each m a n g t h e gidi t r o n g t h d i dai mdi - thdi dai dugc md r a tfl t h i n g ldi c u a Cach m a n g t h a n g Mudi, t h d i d a i s i n h t h a n h c h u n g h i a xa hgi h i e n thiic va q u a do tdi c h u n g h i a xa hdi, bd q u a che do tU b a n chu n g h i a dd'i vdi cac nUdc lac h a u , c h a m p h a t t r i e n . Thdi d a i ay, d Viet N a m la thdi dai Hd Chi M i n h nhU d a n h gia c u a D a n g t a , t h d i d a i ciia dgc l a p d a n tdc va e h u n g h i a xa hgi, ddc l a p d a n tdc g i n lien vdi c h u n g h i a xa hgi. NhU n h i e u hgc gia d a d a n h gia, d a y la tfl tfldng chu dgo, ndi bat, xuyen sudt nhU m d t sdi chi dd t r o n g h e t h d n g tU t u d n g Hd Chi M i n h . Cd t h e
n h a n m a n h t h e m r i n g , d a y la quy luat p h a t t r i e n c u a e a c h m a n g V i e t N a m trong t h d i d a i mdi, la phdt kien ly luan dgc biet quan trgng c u a N g u d i . Q u y l u a t dd da v a n d g n g v a p h a t t r i e n t r o n g thiie t i i n each m a n g Viet N a m k h d n g chi t r o n g the ky XX, m a cdn ca h i e n n a y , t r o n g sudt the k y XXI, g i n lien vdi lich sii d a u t r a n h each m a n g e u a D a n g - m g t D a n g chan c h i n h each m a n g do e h i n h NgUdi sang lap. Vugt r a k h d i gidi h a n e u a t i n h dac t h u Viet N a m , gid day, q u y l u a t do Hd Chi M i n h p h a t h i e n v a v a n d u n g da m a n g t i n h p h d b i e n , d a ehUng thiic bdi thflc t i i n e a c h m a n g t h e gidi v a td rd xu t h e k h a c h q u a n c u a lieh sii, e u a t i e n t r i n h p h a t t r i e n dfla cae d a n tde tdi c h u nghia xa hgi s a u k h i d a g i a n h dUde doe lap dan tdc t r o n g e a c h m a n g giai p h d n g d a n tgc e h d n g ehii n g h i a de qud'c, c h u n g h i a thiic
(*) Giao sU, tie'n si, Hpi dong Ly luan Trung lidng.
dan. Cdng hien lieh sfl vd gia nay cua Nguyin Ai Qud'c - Hd Chi Minh la mdt trong nhflng cd't yeu ly luan, in dam dau an sang tao cua Ngfldi, la gia tri dac s i c trong di san ma Ngfldi de lai cho dan tgc va nhan loai.
Hd Chi Minh khdng ehi la anh hung giai phdng dan tdc ciia dan tdc Viet Nam, ma cdn la nggn cd cua phong trao giai phdng cua cac dan tde chd'ng ap bflc, bdc lot, bat cdng ciia de qud'c, thflc dan. dUa cae dan tgc tdi ddc lap, tii do, hanh phuc, tdi dan chu, cdng b l n g va binh dang xflng dang vdi cudc sd'ng cua con ngUdi, gianh lai lUdng tri, pham gia, dao ly lam ngUdi cho ta't ca mgi ngUdi trong the gidi nhan loai. Bdi the, tam tU tudng, tri tue Hd Chi Minh thudc ve t i m tU tudng, tri tue ciia vl nhan, dugc ea the gidi tdn vinh. Hdn nfla, ngUdi chien si dau tranh het minh va quen minh cho dde lap tii do, nha tU tudng ldi lac, kiet xua't vdi tam mat dai dUdng, tam nhin vUdt trUde thdi dai edn ddng thdi la mgt danh nhan van hoa, cd nang lUe thau thai tri thflc mgi thdi dai Ddng - Tay - Kim - Co, ed ban linh hdi nhap, tiep bien de phat trien dan tgc, con ngfldi va da't nfldc Viet Nam; ca mgt ddi mang hoai bao, k h a t vgng ve mdt nen hoa binh vflng chai tren qua da't, ve tfl do - binh dang — bac ai dich thflc eho tat ca cac dan tdc, ve mgt the gidi van minh t h i n g bao tan, n h a n tinh vUgt len thu tinh, con ngUdi yeu thUdng va tin cay lan nhau, sd'ng trong tinh yeu va hanh phuc
"quan san mudn dam mgt nha, bdn phUdng vd san deu la anh em"...; la mgt ngUdi cd dao dflc eao ca, vdi ddng ed vl dai, cao thfldng va Id'i sd'ng thanh tao, gian di ciia bac hien triet A Ddng, mang dam net ban sac Viet Nam.
Tra ldi mdt nha bao cdng san Cu Ba ve dieu quan trgng n h a t trong eude ddi
minh, Hd Chi Minh da ndi: "Tdi hien ddi tdi eho nhan dan tdi, cho dan tdc tdi va cho ca nhan loai".
Cung nhfl vay, khi dfldc hdi ve nhflng gia tri ehu dao nao ma NgUdi da theo dudi trong ca sU nghiep da'u tranh each mang ciia minh, NgUdi nhan manh, ddc lap cho TO qud'c, tU do eho dan tgc va hanh phuc cho ddng bao minh va cho tat ca mgi ngUdi. Dd chinh la he gid tri cua phdt trien: Dgc lap - Tu do - Hanh phuc.
He gia tri dd duge NgUdi nghien ngam Ilia chgn va theo dudi sudt ddi minh. Dd la chd ket tinh, cd dgng nhflng tfl tfldng cao sau cua NgUdi nhin tfl mgi gdc do, chieu canh: hgc thuyet giai phdng, triet ly nhan sinh, chii thuyet phat trien cua NgUdi; la chinh kien, chii kien cua NgUdi trong hanh ddng; la ndi quy tu ca triet hgc va minh triet cua NgUdi tren tU each nha tu tudng va bac minh triet.
Bdi vay, ndi den di san Hd Chi Minh, trUdc het, chung ta ndi den di san ciia NgUdi tren linh vUe tii tiidng ly ludn. Dd la ca mdt he thd'ng ldn nhflng quan diem va quan niem, nhflng nguyen tac va phfldng phap cua NgUdi ve each mang Viet Nam, mdt bd phan hflu ed cua phong trad each mang the gidi, ve con dudng phat trien eua Viet Nam theo ly tudng, mue tieu dde lap dan tdc va chu nghia xa hgi. Cung ed ngUdi nha'n manh dd la doe lap dan tde, dan ehu va ehu nghia xa hgi.
Neu nghien eUu ky lUdng cudc hanh trinh tim dudng cflu nfldc eiia Ngfldi, cae trfldc tac, van pham Hd Chi Minh cung nhfl hoat dgng thiie tien vd eung phong phu ma NgUdi trai qua hdn 6 thap ky, tfl tudi tre den nhflng nam thang cud'i ddi, chung ta se tha'y, dan chu la mdi quan tam thfldng trflc d NgUdi, tha'm sau vao trong dde lap dan tdc, trong ehu nghia xa hdi va chu nghia cdng san ma NgUdi hang theo
HOANG CHI BAO
dudi. Dieu dang ndi la d chd, Hd Chi Minh khdng chi la nha tU tudng, ngUdi thiet he ly ludn vi ddn chu, ma cdn la ngfldi dac biet quan tam tdi thUc hdnh ddn chu. Sfl ket hgp n h u i n n h u y i n nay da iam nen diem dac s i c ndi lien tfl duy va hanh dgng, ly luan va thflc t i i n d Hd Chi Minh. Ngfldi thflc sfl ed nhflng phat trien sang tae ve ly luan va phfldng phap each mang, iam phong phu va sau sac them chii nghia Mae - Lenin, iam cho chu nghia Mac - Lenin sd'ng dgng trong thflc tien each mang Viet Nam cung nhfl each mang the gidi ma Ngfldi da cd anh hudng to ldn, da de lai nhflng dau an sau dam khdng phai md trong lieh sfl — ca lich sfl tu tudng lan lich s\i dau tranh each mang, trong ddi sd'ng ehinh tri thiic tien hien dai va dUdng dai.
C l n nhan rd ndi dung di san tU tudng ly luan Hd Chi Minh, gia tri va y nghia lich sfl cua di san ay, thay d dd mgt chu nghia Mac - Lenin sang tao dUde hien hflu qua tinh thdn va. phiidng phdp Hd Chi Minh, qua dae dflc va van hoa eua Ngfldi, tflu trung lai la mdt chu nghia nhdn vdn, gid tri nhdn vdn Ho Chi Minh, sfl chung due iam mdt, khoa hgc, cdch mgng vd nhdn vdn Hd Chi Minh. Dd cung ehinh la ban chat, la dae diem ndi bat, nha't quan trong di san tfl tfldng cua Ngfldi eung nhfl trong hanh ddng, trong ldi sd'ng, trong van hoa, dac biet la van hoa flng xfl eua Ngfldi.
2. Di s a n H o C h i M i n h - n o i d u n g , gia t r i v a y n g h i a
La mdt he thd'ng ldn, di san tfl tfldng ly luan Hd Chi Minh bao quat nhflng van de sau day:
- Tii tiidng ve gidi phdng ddn tgc, ve cdch mgng gidi phong ddn tgc d cdc niidc thugc dia vd phu thugc. Tren phfldng dien nay, ly luan each mang giai phdng
dan tdc eua Hd Chi Minh la ly ludn chd'ng chu nghia thiic ddn, ea thflc dan cu va thflc dan mdi ma Ngfldi ggi la hai de qud'c to. Ve mat hge thuyet, Hd Chi Minh la ngfldi de xfldng hgc thuyet gidi phdng, bao gdm giai phdng dan tgc, giai phdng giai ca'p, giai phdng xa hgi va giai phdng con ngfldi. Diem sang tao mdi me cua Hd Chi Minh la d chd, giai phdng dan tdc tren lap trfldng giai ca'p cdng nhan, do dd, mdt mat, Ngfldi vUdt qua y thflc he phong kien va tfl san, lap trfldng ndng dan va ehu nghia dan tuy, dflng vflng tren lap trfldng giai ca'p cdng n h a n each mang.
Mat khdc, giai phdng dan tdc de giai quyet van de ddc lap dan tgc, dan ehii, Hd Chi Minh n h a n r a md'i lien he hflu cd gifla giai cap (giai ca'p cdng nhan) vdi dan toe, dan tdc vdi giai cap va do vay, dgc lap dan tdc tat yeu gan lien vdi chii nghia xa hgi, dat each mang giai phdng dan tgc trong quy dao each mang vd san, qua do bd qua ehii nghia tfl ban de tien tdi chu nghia xa hgi. Ngfldi dflng tren lap trfldng cdng san, chu nghia qud'c te cua giai ca'p cdng nhan de tim con diidng va dgng liic phat trien ciia each mang, coi chu nghia dan tdc la mdt ddng Iflc cua tien bd, phat trien, mien la dgt no gdn lien vdi chu nghia qud'c te. Ngfldi cung n h a n r5 each mang Viet Nam la mdt bd phan khdng tach rdi ciia each mang the gidi.
- Tu tiidng vi Dang cdch mgng chdn chinh vdi tii cdch Ddng kieu mdi. Dang mang ban cha't khoa hgc va each mang, ban cha't giai ca'p eong nhan. Dang la dgi tien phong eiia giai ca'p, ddng thdi la dgi tien phong eua n h a n dan lao ddng va cua dan tgc. Hd Chi Minh ed ddng gdp quy gia ve viec luan chflng sfl can thiet phai c6 Dang, trong Dang phai cd chu nghia (Mac - Lenin) lam cdt, ai ai eung phai hieu, phai tin theo, lam theo chu nghia dd.
Luan chflng ve tinh dae thu Viet Nam trong quy luat ra ddi ciia Dang, Ngfldi nhan manh tdi phong trao yeu nfldc cua dan tgc ket hdp vdi chu nghia Mae - Lenin va phong trao cdng nhan.
Dieu nay chflng td r i n g , tfl trong ban cha't eiia minh. Dang ta ngay tfl khi ra ddi da g i n bd mau thit vdi nhan dan va dan tdc. Chii nghia yeu nfldc eua dan tgc Viet Nam va tinh than yeu nfldc ndng nan cua nhan dan ta da tao nen sflc manh va trd t h a n h cd sd xa hdi - lich sfl cua giai ca'p cdng n h a n va cua Dang. Nhd do, du cdn nhd be ve so' lfldng va ve cha't lfldng, tuy chfla trai nghiem d l y du trong mdi trfldng dai cdng nghiep, nhflng giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam van dam trach dfldc sfl menh ve vang eua minh. Dang ta la eon ndi eua giai ca'p, Dang pha'n da'u hy sinh vi giai cap, dan tgc va nhan loai.
Dang tdn tai ehi vdi ly do dd, tdn tai de mdt ddi phung sfl ldi quyen cua dan, vi dan. Giai thich ay cua Hd Chi Minh giup chung ta nhan rd vi sao Dang tin dan va dan mgt Idng theo Dang, cam nhan mdt each thflc te, trflc tiep r i n g , Ddng la Ddng ciia minh. 80 nam trong lich sii Dang, vdi 65 nam Dang d vi tri Dang cam quyen, danh t h i n g "hai de qud'c to", kien dinh con dfldng phat trien xa hdi chu nghia, khdi xfldng va lanh dao eong cudc ddi mdi ngay nay, tao nen theva lUc cua Viet Nam trong the gidi dfldng dai - dd la nhflng bfldc ngoat phat trien da g i n lien Dang vdi dan, dan vdi nfldc, vdi Dang. Khi cdn phdi thai, trflng nfldc, Dang chfla ra ddi, Nguyin Ai Qud'c trong
"Dfldng Cach menh" (1927) da chi re "tfl each ciia ngfldi each menh", da nha'n manh 4 dflc - can, kiem, liem, chi'nh, da k h l n g dinh "phai gifl chu nghia eho vflng va phai it Idng t h a m mud'n ve vat cha't", "phai iam each mang cho de'n ndi,
tflc la triet de".
Hai mUdi nam sau, vao nam 1947,
"Siia ddi Id'i iam viee" ra ddi tren chien khu Viet Ble, khi eude khang chien chd'ng thiie dan Phap xam lUdc trd lai mdi vfla b i t dau. Cd the ndi, day la tac pham dat nen mdng tfl tfldng ly luan cho ddi mdi sau nay, doi mdi trong diiu kien Bdng da cam quyin. Diem nha'n dae biet ve Dang trong tae p h l m nay la doan Ngfldi viet ve
"12 dieu xay dflng Dang chan chinh each mang", trong dd Ngfldi ndi rd Dang la mdt td chflc each mang ed sfl menh phuc vu giai cap, dan tgc va nhan loai. Dang khdng phai la mdt td chflc de iam quan phat tai.
Ndi bat trong cae md'i quan he dfldc ban tdi la quan he giiia Bdng vdi ddn.
Theo dd, phai dfla vao dan ma xay dflng Dang, dfla vao dan ma chinh dd'n td chflc va giao due, ren luyen can bd. Dang phai thfldng xuyen xem xet lai nghi quyet, chu trfldng, dfldng ldi, chinh sach cua minh.
Tat ca phai xua't phat tii ddn, nha't quan vdi mue dieh vi ddn. Khdng cd dan thi Dang khdng cd Iflc lfldng va sflc manh.
Khdng cd Dang thi dan khdng cd ngfldi dan Id'i chi dfldng. De xflng dang vdi long tin ciia dan va iam trdn sfl menh ve vang do giai cap - dan tdc va nhan dan uy thae. Dang phai thfldng xuyen cham lo cung cd' td chflc, giao due ren luyen dang vien, bdi dfldng tfl tfldng, thflc hanh dao dflc, gifl vflng nguyen tie, ky luat, ky cfldng; dfldng Id'i, ehinh sach dung lai phai cd each lanh dao kheo, iam eho quyet tam eua Dang bien thanh hanh ddng cua dan. Mud'n vay, phai k h l c phuc nhflng han che, tay bd nhflng khuyet diem, ldi lam ma mdt sd' ngfldi trdng Dang da m l c phai. Ngfldi ehi ra mdt each nghiem khac rang, thdi coi khinh ly luan, benh giao dieu sach vd, phfl phiem, hinh
HOANG CHI BAO
thflc khoa trUdng, lanh dao lai khdng dUde dan chu, dc dia vi, be phai, dung ngUdi thi tU tung, thien vi, Ua nhflng ke xiem ninh, tang hoc, chan ghet nhflng ngfldi cfldng triic, ngay thang... dd la nhflng chflng benh nguy hiem, cd hai tdi sfl nghiep chung, xa la vdi ban cha't cua mdt Dang each mang.
Nhflng ehi trieh, phe phan dd, du da hdn 60 nam trdi qua, ngay nay van khdng he mat di tinh thdi sfl va y nghia eanh bao dd'i vdi Dang c l m quyen, vdi mdi td chflc Dang, mdi ca'p uy va tflng dang vien.
Ngfldi neu bat mdt ehii de ldn trong giao due toan Dang, quet sach ehii nghia ea nhan, nang cao dao dflc each mang. Dd la bai bao ndi tieng 700 tfl dfldc cdng bd' tren bao Dang, nam 1969 khi ky niem lan thfl 39 ngay t h a n h lap Dang (1930-1969).
v a , Di chuc, van kien 1000 tfl dfldc NgUdi nghien ngam sudt 4,5 nam lien (1965-
1969), dd la mdt dai tdng ket ly luan — thiic tien ve each mang Viet Nam, mdt ang thien cd hung van ma triidc het, NgUdi ndi ve Dang. NgUdi khang dinh Bdng ta la mgt Bdng cam quyin, doan ket la mdt truyen thd'ng ciie ky quy bau ciia Dang va cua nhan dan ta. NgUdi can dan phai gifl gin sfl doan ket nhat tri eua Dang nhfl gifl gin con ngfldi eua m l t minh. Chi trdng mdt ddan ngan ndi ve Dang cam quyen, da bdn lan NgUdi nhan manh chfl "That": mdi dang vien va can bd phai that sii tha'm nhuan dao dflc each mang, that sii c l n kiem liem ehinh, chi cdng vd tfl. Phai gifl gin Dang ta that trong sach, phai xflng dang la ngfldi lanh dao, la ngfldi d l y td that trung t h a n h eiia nhan dan. Cd biet bao dieu he trgng lien quan tdi euge khang chien chd'ng My cflu nfldc dang tien gan tdi ngay t h i n g ldi hoan toan, lien quan tdi van Dang, van nfldc, nhflng tru tinh, lo toan d tam chien
Ifldc tdi tfldng lai va trien vgng ciia dan tdc va da't nfldc, nhflng cdng viec cu the, ty my, thiet thflc thugc ve ke hoach va chinh sach ma Dang va Chinh phu phai quan t a m dfldc the hien trong Di chuc. Di chuc cdn ndi tdi cdng viec dau tien la
"cdng viec dd'i vdi con ngUdi". 0 dd toat len tinh thfldng yeu vd han, sfl an cln ehu dao, Idng bao dung n h a n ai, vi tha eua Ngfldi vdi con ngfldi, vdi cugc ddi, vdi ddng bao, ddng chi, ban be. Di chuc, trong hinh thflc td'i thieu cua ngdn tfl da chfla dflng cai td'i da cua tfl tfldng, triet hgc, triet ly, chii kien, chii thuyet va ca minh triet Hd Chi Minh ve phat trien ddt niidc, chan hflng ddn tgc, quan ly xd hgi, giao due con ngiidi va gin gifl, bao ve mdi triidng sinh thdi.
s a u xa va tinh te biet bao, khi chuan bi di vao coi trfldng sinh, ve vdi chdn vinh h i n g , Ngfldi da kin dao giii vao trong Di chuc mdt quan niem ve chd nghia xd hdi - dd la chii nghia xd hgi Viet Nam va mgt dinh nghia ve ddi mdi - dd la doi mdi vi phdt trien, ddi mdi dephdt trien.
Chieu sau tfl tfldng, gia tri va y nghia ly luan eua Di chuc \a d dd.
- Di sdn Ho Chi Minh, xet tren binh dien tii tiidng ly ludn, con chiia diing nhiing kien gidi dgc sac cda Ngiidi ve chd nghia xd hgi vd cong cugc xdy diing chd nghia xd hgi d Viet Nam.
Tfl khi giae ngd chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tim tha'y chan ly ciia thdi dai, Hd Chi Minh da theo dudi den cung con dfldng each mang ddc lap dan tdc va chii nghia xa hdi. Ngfldi k h l n g dinh r i n g , chi cd chii nghia Lenin, chii nghia Mac - Lenin la chan chinh nha't, each mang nha't, mau m i n t h i n g ldi nha't. Chi co chu nghia xd hgi va chu nghia cgng sdn mdi giai phdng triet de cho ta't ca mgi ngfldi lao dgng khdi ach ap bflc, bdc lot,
nd dich eua tfl ban de qud'c, thflc dan, mdi dem lai cugc sdng tfl do, am no, hanh phuc cho eac dan tdc, cho mgi ngfldi tren trai da't.
s a n g lap r a Dang Cgng san Viet Nam, trong chinh cfldng, sach Ifldc v l n t i t va chfldng trinh h a n h ddng ciia Dang do Ngfldi soan thao d l u tien, Ngfldi cung vdi Dang da nhin tha'u sud't eon dudng phat trien eiia Viet Nam la gianh lay dee lap cho dan tdc va tien tdi chit nghia xd hgi, chu nghia cgng sdn, bd qua che do tU ban chu nghia. Trong quan niem cua minh ve chu nghia xd hgi, NgUdi khdng ehi theo dudi nha't quan vdi nhflng quan diem, nguyen ly kinh dien maexit ma cdn cd nhflng tim tdi, phat hien ly luan d l y sang tao. Tiep can dgo ddc hgc ve chit nghia xd hdi la mgt trong nhiing kien gidi mdi me, ddc ddo cita Ngiidi. Day cung la sfl bd sung, phat trien mdi eua rieng Hd Chi MinhTJam phong phu them cho ngi dung ly luan Mac - Lenin ve chu nghia xd hdi.
Ngfldi nha'n manh, tfl tfldng xa hdi chu nghia dd'i lap vdi tfl tfldng ca nhan chu nghia. Mud'n xay dflng thanh cdng chu nghia xd hgi thi phai ra sflc danh bai chu nghia ca nhan. Mud'n vay, phai sud't ddi trau ddi, thflc h a n h dao dflc each mang trong toan Dang, trong mdi can bd dang vien, trong nhan dan va xa hgi. Ngfldi cung nhan tha'y, mud'n chd'ng dfldc quan lieu - tham nhung, ehdng quan lieu, lang phi, tham d thi phai ra site va thiidng xuyen thiic hdnh ddn chu rgng rdi, nhdt Id thiic hdnh ddn chit, trong Bdng. Dau tranh chd'ng ehii nghia ca nhan nhfl chd'ng mdt thfl giac ndi xam, ke thu nguy hiem nha't, mgt thfl giae d trong Idng -ininh, Ngfldi tha'u hieu ta't ea sfl cam go,
phflc tap, lau dai va ca dau ddn nfla trong cugc da'u t r a n h nay, cho nen xdy phai di lien chong. Vdi Hd Chi Minh,
chd'ng chu nghia ca nhan khdng cd nghia la chd'ng ca nhan, giay xeo len ldi Ich ca nhan, trai lai, mdi ca nhan la mgt con ngfldi, mgt nhan each, ai eung ed ldi ich rieng, sd trfldng rieng, ca tinh rieng. Neu nhflng cai thudc ve ea nhan ma khdng dd'i lap vdi xa hdi, khdng lam phfldng hai tdi ngfldi khac va tdi xa hdi thi khdng phai la xau, phai tdn trgng nd va vun trdng cho nd phat trien. Chi chd'ng ehu nghia ca nhan vu ldi, leh ky, hai tdi xa hdi ma thdi.
Ngfldi cdn ndi ro, khdng ed ehe dd nao nhfl ehe do xa hgi ehu nghia, dd la ehe do quan tam d l y dii va td't dep nha't oho sfl phat trien cua ca nhan, dem lai cho con ngfldi trien vgng phat trien td't dep nhat cung vdi sfl phat trien eua ea cgng ddng xa hgi. Mud'n xay dflng chu nghia xa hgi thi trfldc het phai cd con ngfldi xa hdi chu nghia, dd la nhflng eon ngfldi cd dflc va cd tai ma dflc la gd'c, lai phai ed tai de iam viee hflu ich eho xa hgi. Giao due - dao tao can bg la cdng viec gd'c cua Dang, phai quan tam thiie hien chien Iflgc con ngfldi, vi ldi leh tram nam thi phai "trdng ngfldi". Chu nghia xa hdi phai ket hdp hai hda sfl phat trien ca nhan va phat trien xa hdi, cdng b l n g khdng phai la binh quan, chia deu. Phai lam cho mgi ngfldi dan dfldc gidi phdng de bdc Id mgi kha nang sdng tgo cua minh va phdt trien ngay mdt hodn thien. Do dd, phai thfldng xuyen ddi mdi. pha cai cu lac hau, ldi thdi, xa'u xa, hfl hdng, ddi ra cai mdi tien bg, td't tfldi, mdi me. Dd la each mang, each mang chinh ban than cdn ngfldi va xa hdi, td chflc va the che, luat phap va chinh sach, dem lai sfl thu hfldng thiet thflc, chinh dang nhflng ldi ich thfldng nhat cho mdi con ngfldi. Chi nhfl vay, ddn chu mdi mang ngi dung, y nghia thflc chat ciia nd va quyin ldm chu cua con ngiidi dd'i vdi xa hdi mdi dfldc thflc hien.
HOANG CHI BAO
Dd la ban cha't sau xa nha't cua chu nghia xa hdi, dfla tren phat trien san xuat va Iflc lfldng san xuat, xac lap tflng bfldc sd hflu xa hdi ve tfl lieu san xua't trong quan he san xuat mdi, tien tien. Chu nghia xa hdi trong quan niem ciia Hd Chi Minh la mdt xd hgi phdt trien va ngay cang hoan thien, dam bao cho dan thflc sfl la chu va ldm chu. Bao nhieu ldi ich deu thude ve dan, bao nhieu quyen hanh deu la eiia dan. Quyen hanh va Iflc lfldng deu d trong dan. Xay diing mdt xa hdi nhU the, phai cd sii lanh dao ciia Dang vdi dUdng ldi, chinh sach dung dan, ed ed sd khoa hgc chae chan, vflng vang, ed sfl quan ly, dieu hanh ciia Nha nfldc vdi luat phap nghiem minh, ed sfl tham gia ehu dgng, tieh eiie cua ddng dao dan chung, nhat la dfla tren sflc manh dai doan ket toan dan tdc, sfl gUdng mau, liem khiet eiia ddi ngu can bd, dang vien, cdng chflc "thao chinh tri, gidi chuyen mdn, tan trung vdi nfldc, tan hieu vdi dan, trgng dan, trgng phap...". Chu nghia xa hdi phai la mdt xa hdi giau ed b l n g lao ddng, cd ky thuat, cd cdng nghe hien dai cua nhflng ngfldi lao ddng lam ehii, tfl giac, sang tao. Trfldc het phai xoa dfldc ddi, vUdt dUde ngheo, tien tdi kha gia, no du, giau ed, da giau cd rdi thi giau ed nfla, giau ed mai, mien la bang sflc lao dgng cua minh. Trong xa hdi dd, ddi sd'ng vat chat ngay cang tang, ddi sd'ng tinh than ngay mdt td't, xa hdi ngay cang van minh, tien bd. Dd la xa hgi xa hgi chii nghia tham n h u a n quan diem thflc tien va phat trien.
Tai le ra mat Dang Lao ddng Viet Nam, 3-3-1951, sau Dai hdi II eua Dang, Hd Chi Minh ndi r i n g , dfldng ldi, chinh sach ciia Dang due vao trong mdt cau:
xay dflng mdt nfldc Viet Nam hoa binh, thdng nhat, doe lap, dan ehii va phu cfldng. Dieu mong mud'n cud'i eung eua
Ngfldi trong Di chuc cung vay: xay dflng mdt nfldc Viet Nam hoa binh, thd'ng nhat, ddc lap, dan chii va giau manh.
Bd Id chu nghia xd hgi. Id chii nghia xd hgi Viet Nam thdm nhuan sdu sac triet ly nhdn ddn. vi ddn - ddn tgc - ddn chu, hai hoa trong p h a t trien ma cd lln Ngfldi ndi, do Id mgt chu nghia xd hgi viia cd ly. viia co tinh. Ngfldi nhan ro ddng liic p h a t trien eiia chu nghia xa hgi Viet Nam la ldi ich vd quyen liic cda ddn, la cdng bdng vd binh ddng, ddn chu, tii do, sdng tgo, ddi mdi vd phdt trien. NgUdi edn tha'y d dd nhflng _muc tieu, gia tri cao quy, ddng quy vao he gia tri ddc lap - tU do - h a n h phuc.
Con ngUdi, vdn ngUdi, n h a n dan la quy nha't. Sflc manh to ldn nha't hdp thanh tfl sflc manh doan ket eiia toan dan. Sflc cd vu, thuc day n h a n dan h a n h dgng, sang tao lai tfl sfl gfldng mau, ldi ndi di ddi vdi viec lam- eiia dang vien, can bd trong Dang, trong Nha nfldc va trong cac doan the. Bdi the, Ngfldi khai quat r i n g , gfldng mau la each lanh dao td't nhat dd'i vdi Dang e l m quyen.
Ngfldi edn t h a u hieu r i n g , khoa hgc, ky thuat, hgc va'n va van hoa g i n lien vdi tri thflc, n h a n tai, hien tai cua datnifldc la dieu khdng the thieu, khdng the yeu trong sfl phat trien ciia ehii nghia xa hgi.
Chu nghia xa hdi cdng vdi khoa hgc se la ngudn sflc manh vd tan. Van hoa khdng ci ben ngoai ma b trong kinh te' va chinh tri.
v a n hoa soi dfldng cho qud'c dan di. Chii, nghia xd hgi la mgt xd hgi van hod cao, phdi diing vdn hod md chUa benh quan
lieu, xod bo nhiing thoi phii hoa xa xi.
Ddn tgc Viet Nam phdi trd thdnh mgt ddn tgc thdng thdi vd Bdng la dgo ddc, la vdn minh. Nhflng y tfldng, nhflng k h a t vgng nhfl the d Hd Chi Minh cho thay, chii nghia xa hgi Viet Nam trong thiet ke mo
hinh ly luan ciia nd khdng chi dfla tren nhflng t r u cdt kinh te thinh viidng (giau cd, phu cfldng), chinh tri ddn chd (phap quyen, nhan nghia), xd hgi cdng bdng, binh dang, ddn tgc dodn kei, dong thudn, cd nhdn tii do sdng tgo vd ldm chu, ma cdn la vdn hod, vdn minh, hien dgi, mdi triidng ben viing, an todn. Dd la mdt Viet Nam phat trien vdi sfl tham n h u I n va phat huy cae gia tri nhan dao va nhan van truyen thd'ng, cd' ket sflc manh cgng ddng, thu hut va nay nd nhflng tinh hoa eua mgi the he ngfldi Viet Nam; ddng thdi, lai biet iam giau tri tue va ban linh Viet Nam bang each tiep thu nhflng gia tri tinh hoa cua thdi dai, cua the gidi nhan loai. Tiep bien van hoa de phat trien thdng qua ddi mdi — md cfla — hgi nhap qud'c te - dd la con dfldng dfla Viet Nam den vdi cdng ddng nhan loai. Viet Nam la mgt thflc the sd'ng ddng trong the gidi hien dai, van minh chfl khdng the la mgt d'c dao khep kin, biet lap vdi the gidi a'y. Ngay sau l i tuyen bd dgc lap, Hd Chi Minh da cd thfl cho Tdng thdng eac nfldc phfldng Tay, Ngfldi da thay mat qud'c dan ddng bao minh chuyen tdi cdng ddng qude te mdt thdng diep; tinh than eua bflc thdng diep a'y lai hien rd trong dien van khai mac phien hgp d l u tien eiia Chinh phu dan ehu cgng hoa ngay 3-9-1945 do chinh Ngfldi soan thao va tuyen dgc. Viet Nam mong mud'n la ban be cua tat ca cae nfldc dan ehu, Viet Nam quyet khdng thu oan vdi mdt ai. Ngfldi, ngay tfl hdi dd, da tru tinh thiet lap cae md'i bang giao va s i n sang g i i nam nfl thanh nien Viet Nam sang hgc tap, tiep thu ky thuat, cdng nghe tien tien ciia nfldc ngoai de kien thiet dat nfldc. Cung nhfl vay, 20 nam trfldc dd (1925), khi Dang edn chfla ra ddi, Ngfldi da tru tinh, sau nay dat nfldc dgc lap, di vao kien thiet che do mdi.
nhat dinh ta phai hgc tap, ap dung "Tan kinh te ehinh sach" cua V.I.Lenin (NEP).
V.I.Lenin la nha each tan vl dai dau tien trong lich svL chii nghia xa hgi hien thflc. Hd Chi Minh dfla ra nhflng quan niem, nhflng kien giai ciia minh ve chu nghia xd hdi hien thiic Viet Nam eung tren tinh t h i n each tan, ddi mdi, sang tao nhfl the. Dd la diem tfldng ddng tfl tfldng cua cae vl nhan. Vdi Hd Chi Minh, xay dflng chii nghia xa hdi d Viet Nam la ea mdt qua trinh lau dai, la sfl nghiep eiia rat nhidu the he. Dieu quan trgng khdng chi la thiet ke ly luan, ma cdn la thflc hanh, la tao dflng. T i m nhin dan tdi hanh ddng dfldc Ngfldi ggi gian di la cdch ldm, budc di ma each lam td't nha't la dfla vao dan, dem tai dan, sflc dan de lam ldi eho dan, de mflu e l u hanh phuc cho dan, phat trien sflc dan, bdi dfldng sflc dan lai phai tiet kiem sflc dan. Cai gi cd ldi cho dan, td't cho dan, cai dd la chan ly. Phuc vu nhan dan la phuc tflng chan ly cao nha't. Lam cdng hoc tan tuy, d l y td trung thanh cua dan la ldi sd'ng cao thfldng nha't. Cai gi ldi cho dan thi quyet lam cho b l n g dfldc. c a i gi hai tdi dan thi quyet tranh eho b l n g dfldc.
Chu nghia xa hdi theo tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh la chii nghia xa hgi khoa hge da dfldc thflc t i i n hda tfl thflc tien Viet Nam, trd thanh chu nghia xa hgi Viet Nam, chu nghia xa hgi nhan van va van hoa Hd Chi Minh. Dung quy luat, thuan long dan, hdp thdi dai la sfl khai quat tfl tfldng ly luan, phfldng phap, phong each Hd Chi Minh ve ehu nghia xa hdi.
Gia tri nay trong di san Hd Chi Minh dang dfldc the hien sinh ddng trong thflc t i i n Viet Nam. Ddi mdi hfldng tdi phat trien nhanh va ben vflng, vi mue tieu dan giau, nfldc manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan ehii, van minh.U .
