DANG LANH DAO CdNG cudc Ddl Mdl
Xbdn tbuc eua Dang
VE XAY DL/NG GIAI CAP CONG NHAN TRONG QUA TRiNH DOI MOI DAT NLTOC
TS LE THANH HA*
D
lu thap nien 90 ciia thi ky XX, CNXH d Lien Xd, Ddng Au sup dd, tinh hinh the gidi dien bien phiic tap theo chieu budng bat lpi cho phong uao cpng san va cdng nhan qude te.Trong khi dd, nen kinh te - xa hpi nude ta tuy da khdi sac nhung van cdn nhieu kho khan va chua thoit ra khdi khiing hoang. Nhan co hpi do, cIc the lye thil djch va phan dpng ra sire chdng pha cleh mang Viet Nam bang nhieu each fren cac mat chinh tii ttr fridng, ktiih te, van hoa... hdng phu nhan vai trd ciia giai d p cdng nhan (GCCN) ddi vdi cleh mang Viet Nam. Mat khac, GCCN, lye lugng quan frgng frong su nghiep CNH, HDH, ben canh mat tich eye cQng cdn cd nhimg ban che nhu frinh do hgc van, nghe nghiep, y thiic chip hinh luat phap, quy tiinh, quy pham frong san xuat edn chua cao, khi nang tiep thu, van dung khoa hgc - cdng nghe cham, tie phong cdng nghiep ehua dugc ren luyen nhieu, ty le cdng nhan la dang vien thap. De xay dyng GCCN dap img yeu clu ciia CNH, HDH dit nude, HNTU 7, Khda VII
" Vien Cong nhan va Cong doan
(7 - 1994) da nghiem khac phe phan nhirng nhan thirc lech lac ve GCCN nhu "coi nhe vj tii, vai frd eua giai cap cdng nhan"' va neu rd khuyet diem cua Ding va Nha nude la: "Chua chu frgng bdi dudng y thu'c giai elp, frinh do kien thirc va tay nghe, luong tam nghe nghiep, tic phong cdng nghiep cho cdng nhan. Chua lam tdt viec cham lo lgi ich tao ddng luc ttue tiep kich thich cdng nhan lao ddng sing tao. Nhieu chinh sach xa bdi ddi vdi cdng nhan khdng cdn thich hgp. Viec nghien ciiu ve giai d p cdng nhin chua dugc chii frgng"l Ve ban che cua ddi ngii cdng nhan va boat ddng Cdng doin, Hdi nghj neu ro: "Mdt bd phan cdng nhin chua nhan thirc dugc vai frd va nhiem vu cua giai cap minh, thieu tinh tien phong each mang. Khdng ft cin bg, dang vien tholi boa, quan lieu tham nhiing, xa hoa lang phi, xa rdi bin chit cdng nhln"^ "Cdng doan chua phit huy tdt vai frd ciia mdt td chiic chuih fri xa hdi rdng ldn cua giai cip cdng nhan; phuong thirc boat dpng cdn Mng tting"\ Ding khlng dinh: GCCN Viet Nam cd vai frd to ldn frong sy nghiep CNH, HDH dit nude vl la hat nhan cua lien minh cdng- ndng- fri thirc va khdi dai doin ket din tdc. Hdi nghj da dl ra nhiem
32 TAP CHl UCHSUOANG-SO 10/2008
DANG LANH DAO CONG cudc Ddl MffI
vu: xay dyng GCCN phat trien ve sd lugng va chat lupng, giac ngd ve giai cap, vung vang ve chinh tri lu tudng, cd frinh dp hpc vln vl tay nghe cao, cd nang lye tiep thu va sang tao cdng nghe mdi, lao ddng dat nang suat, chat lugng va hieu qua cao, vuon len lam frdn sii menh ljch su ciia minh.
Bdi dudng ttuyen thdng yeu nude, ren luyen tac phong cdng nghiep, y thirc td chuc ky luat, tinh nang dpng sang tao cua ngudi cdng nhin. Td chuc tdt viec dao tao nang cao hpc van, trinh dp nghe nghiep cbo cdng nhan; tao them viec lam, cai thien dieu kien lao dpng. Bd sung holn chinh cac chinh sach ddi vdi cdng nhin. Cai thien ddi sdng vat chit, van hoi eua cdng nhin. Dly manh phong trao cdng nhan. Phit frien cac td chirc Dang, Cong doin vl cac doan the xa hpi khac trong cac doanh nghiep.
Lgi ich cua GCCN gan lien vdi lgi ich dan tgc,- nam frong lgi ich dan tgc, GCCN c6 nhiem vu doan ket, hgp tac vdi d c giai cap vl cac tang ldp nhan dan frong xa hpi de hoan thanh cdng cupe CNH, HDH dat nude. Vi vay, "xay dung giai cap cdng nhan viing manh la trich nhiem ciia Dang, Nha nude, Cdng doan va cIc td chiic chuih tri- xa hpi, dong thdi la frach nhiem cua mdi ngudi, mdi tap the cong nhan"l
Tiep tiie khang djnh va phit tiien quan diem xay dyng GCCN frong dieu kien phat frien kinh te thj ttudng djnh hudng XHCN, Dai hpi VIII cua Dang (6-1996) nhan manh: Cham lo xay dyng GCCN ldn manh ve mpi mat cd y nghia dac biet quan ttpng. Can tao dieu kien cho cdng nhan cd cd phan frong d c doanh nghiep. Day manh viec phat ttien Ding ttong cdng nhan. Quan tam boi duong can bp xuat than til cdng nhan.
Dai hpi IX (4-2001) ciing khang djnh npi dung cdng tie xay dung GCCN la: "coi frpng phat ttien ve sd lugng va chat lugng, nang cao giac ngd va
ban llnh chinh tri, trinh do hpc van va nghe nghiep, thyc hien fri tbire hoa cdng nhan, nang cao nang lye ung dung va sang tao cdng nghe mdi, lao ddng dat nang suat, chit lugng vl hieu qua ngay d n g cao.... Bao ve quyen lgi, nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than cua giai cap cdng nhin tiong dieu kien thyc hien co ehe thi fruong.
Tang cudng dao tao can bg lanh dao, quan ly vl ket nap dang vien til nhung cdng nhan uu tii; tang thanh phan cdng nhan trong dpi ngQ can bp lanh dao cac d p , cac nganh"^
Nhirng chii tiuong fren cua Dang la djnh hudng bet siic quan frpng eho cac cap bp Dang, cho Nha nude va cho cac td chile doan the frong viec xay dung GCCN.
Thyc hien NQTlJ 7 Khoa VII, GCCN Viet Nam da cd sy chuyen bien manh me ve sd lupng, CO cau va chat lugng.
Hien nay, GCCN nude ta cd fren 9,2 frieu ngudi, bao gdm: 1,94 tiieu cdng nhin frong doanh nghiep nha nude; 3,37 tiieu cdng nhin frong d c doanh nghiep ngoai nha nude; 1,45 trieu cdng nhan frong cac doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tu ttue tiep nude ngoai va khoang 2,27 ttieu cdng nhan ttong cae loai hmh sin xuat, kinh doanh khac; 0,46 ttieu cong nhan Viet Nam dang lam viec d nude ngoai theo hgp ddng. Viec lam va ddi sdng cua GCCN dugc cai thien, ttinh do hpc van, nghe nghiep, tu duy kinh te, y thirc phap luat dugc nang cao mpt budc. Tuy nhien, sy phat frien cua GCCN chua dap img yeu d u cua sy nghiep CNH, HDH va hpi nhap kinh te qude te ve cl sd lugng, ca cau va frinh do hgc van, ky nang nghe nghiep; cdn thieu nhieu chuyen gia ky thuat, cdng nhan lanh nghe; tie phong cdng nghiep va ky luat lao dpng eiia cdng nhin cdn nhieu ban che. Mot bd phan cdng nhan cham thich img vdi co che thj ttudng. Y thirc giai cap vl bin linh chinh fri ciia cdng nhan
TAPCHlL|CHSUOANG-Sd 10/2008 33
DANG LANH DAO CdNG cudc Ddl MffI
khdng ddng deu, mdt bd phan cdng nhan chua hieu het ve vai frd, sii menh ljch sii ciia giai cap mutii, ft hieu biet ve chutii sich, phip luat eua Nha nude ke cl nhung chftih sach lien quan den cdng nhan, lao dpng. Ty le dang vien vl can bd lanh dao xuat than til cdng nhan cdn tiilp. Mdt bp phan cdng nhan chua thiet tha phan dau vio Dang va tham gia boat dpng frong cae doan the chuih tti - xa hdi. Viec llm va ddi sdng ciia cdng nhan cdn nhieu khd khan, hire xue. Mdt ttong nhirng nguyen nhan cua nhirng yeu kem frong xay dyng GCCN thdi gian qua la d ehd: "Dang cd chu frgng xay dyng giai cap cdng nhan; nhung quan tam chua dly du, chua ngang tim vdi vj tri, vai frd cua giai cap cdng nhan frong thdi ky mdi. Nhi nude ban hanh nhieu chinh sach, phap luat xay dyng giai cap cdng nhan, nhung nhirng chuih sach, phap luat nay van cdn nhieu ban che, bat cap"'. Ben canh dd, Cdng doan va cac td chiic chuih tti - xa hdi khac ed nhieu ddng gdp vao viec xay dyng GCCN, nhung hieu qua chua cao. Kha nang, nd lye vuon len cua bin than GCCN cdn cd ban. Cae doanh nghiep va ngudi sir dung lao dgng cd liic cdn vi pham chutii sleh, phip luat ddi vdi cdng nhan,
"nhirng han che, yeu kem frong phit ttien kinh te - xa hdi ciing anh hudng khdng nhd den viec lam, ddi sdng va tu tudng, tmh cam ciia cdng nhan"^
De xay dyng GCCN Viet Nam ldn manh, dip img yeu cau nhiem -vu mdi, thang 1 - 2008, Hdi nghi Trung uong 6 (Khda X) da de ra Nghj quyet 20-NQ/rW Ve tiip luc xdy dung giai cdp cong nhdn Viet Nam thai ky ddy mgnh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hoa ddt nu&c. Nghj quyet da ehi rd muc tieu xly dung GCCN den nam 2020 la: "Xly dyng giai cap cdng nhan ldn manh, cd giac ngd giai cap va ban llhh chinh tri vUng vang; cd y thirc cdng dan, yeu nude, yeu chu nghia xa hdi, tieu bieu cho tinh hoa van hoa cua din tdc; nhay ben va vung
vang tiudc nhimg diin bien phire tap ciia tmh hmh | till gidi vl nhiing bien ddi ciia tinh hmh frong nude; cd tuih thin doin ket dan tdc, doin ket, hgp tic qude tl; tiiyc hien sii menh lich sir cua giai cap | lanh dao each mang tiidng qua ddi tien phong II | Ding Cdng san Viet Nam. Ndi chung, frong d c ] doanh nghiep dlu cd to chiie ca sd Dang, cdng i doan, Doin Thanh nien Cong san Hd Chi Minh va |
Hdi Lien hiep Thanh nien Viet Nam. j Xay dung giai d p cdng nhin ldn manh, phat j
friln nhanh ve sd lugng, nIng cao chat lugng, cd CO cau dip img yeu cau phit frien dat nude; ngiy ! cIng dugc fri thiic hoi: cd ttinh do bgc van, \ chuyen mdn, ky nang nghe nghiep cao, cd kha j nang tiep can va lam chii khoa hgc, cdng nghe tien i tien, hien dai frong dieu kien phit ttien kinh te tti I thirc; thich iing nhanh vdi ca che thj ttudng va hgi j nhap kinh te qude te; cd gilc ngd giai cap, ban Imh j chinh tti vimg vang, cd tac phong cdng nghiep vl ky luat lao ddng cao" .
Lan dau tien frong cdng cudc ddi mdi dat nude, I khai Mem GCCN Viet Nam da dugc Ding xic djnh rd: "Giai cap cdng nhin Viet Nam la mdt lye lugng xa hdi to ldn, dang phit frien, bao gdm nhirng ngudi lao ddng chin tay vl tri dc, llm cdng hudng luong frong cac loai hutii sin xult kutii doanh va djch vu cdng nghiep, hoac san xuat kinh doanh va djeh vu cd tutii chit cdng nghiep""*.
Cac quan diem chi dao cua Dang ve xly dyng GCCN la: 1/ Kien djnh quan dilm GCCN II giai d p lanh dao each mang thdng qua ddi tiln phong la DCS Viet Nam; giai d p dai dien cho phuang thiie san xuit tien tiln. 2/ Xay dyng GCCN ldn manh phai gan ket htm co vdi xly dyng, phat huy siic manh ciia lien mutii GCCN vdi giai cip ndng dan va ddi ngii tti thirc dudi sy lanh dao ciia Dang ddng thdi tang cudng quan he doin kit, hgp tic qude tl vdi GCCN tren toan thi gidi. 3/ Chiln
34 TAP CHl LjCH Sir OANG-Sd 10/2008
DANG LANH DAO CONG cudc Ddl MffI
luge xay dyng GCCN ldn manh phai gan ket chat che vdi chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, CNH, HDH dat nude, hdi nhap kinh te quoc te.
4/ Dao tao, bdi dudng, nang cao ttinh dp mpi mat cho cong nhan, khdng ngimg fri thuc boa GCCN la mot nhiem vu chien luge. 5/ Xay dyng GCCN ldn manh la trach nhiem cua ca he thdng chinh tti, ciia toan xa hpi va su nd luc vuon len ciia bin than mdi ngudi cdng nhan.
Dua tren cac quan diem chi dao do. Ding da de ra 5 nhiem vu chii yeu cho cac cap iiy Dang, chinh quyen, doan the nham xay dyng GCCN ngay cang ldn manh. Mpt Id: Tiep tuc nghien ciiu, tdng ket thyc tien, phat frien ly luan ve GCCN trong dieu kien kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng XHCN, diy manh CNH, HDH dit nude va hpi nhap kinh te qude te. Hai Id, day manh va nang cao chat lugng dIo tao nghe, tilng budc tri thirc boa GCCN. Ba Id, quan tam bdi duong, nang cao trinh do chinh frj, y thirc giai cap, tinh than din tpc cho GCCN. Bdn Id, bd sung, sua doi, xay dung vl thuc hien nghiem he thdng chinh sach, phap luat de dam bao quyen, lgi ich hgp phap, chinh dang cua cdng nhan; cham lo ddi sdng vat chat, tinh than cho cdng nhan. Ndm Id, tang cuong sy lanh dao ciia Dang, phat huy vai trd cua td chirc Cdng doan va cac td chuc chinh trj - xa hpi khac trong xay dung GCCN.
Nghj quyet 20-NQ/TW mpt lan nira khang djnh giai cap lanh dao each mang Viet Nam la GCCN, thdng qua DCS. Dieu quan frpng, cap bach ban liic nao het la xay dung GCCN cd du sue manh de thuc hien thang lgi sir menh lich sir cao cadd.
Dilm mdi ciia NQTLf 6 (Khda X) ve xay dyng GCCN so vdi NQTTJ 7 (Khda VII) ciia Dang la d chd: dudng ldi xay dyng GCCN Viet Nam da dugc phat tiiln mdt budc, till hien d viec holn ehinh cac
quan diem cua Dang ve xly dyng GCCN; khang dinh khai niem GCCN Viet Nam thdi ky day manh CNH, HDH dat nude; chi ra cac nguyen nhan nhiing yeu kem cua GCCN va cdng tic xay dyng GCCN ciia cac d p bd dang, chuih quyen, doan tiie;
nhan manh nhiem vu nghien cim, tdng ket, phat tiien ly luan ve GCCN; dac biet la de ra dugc he tiidng cac giai phap xay dyng GCCN mot each ddng bd, toan dien.
Van de dat ra hien nay cho cac cap bp dang, chuih quyen, doan the la can nhanh chdng dua Nghj quyet 20 -NQ/TW cua Dang vao cudc sdng, bang cac chuong tiinh hanh ddng sat thuc, bang sy phdi hpp thuc hien cupe van dpng slu rpng frong cac doin the chuih tii- xa hpi, nhat la to chirc Cdng doan. Trudc bet can toyen tiuyen, phd bien, hpc tap, nghien cim cd hieu qua ve quan diem, chii fruong, nhiem vu, bien phap ciia Dang ve tiep tuc xay dyng GCCN Viet Nam, ke thira, van dung sang tao cac kinh nghiem xay dyng GCCN frong qua khii, ddng thdi lam cho mdi can bp, dang vien, mdi doan vien cdng doan, mdi ngudi cdng nhan nhan thirc diing dan duong ldi xay dyng GCCN ciia Dang de tu giac thuc hien tdt.
1, 2 ,3, 4, 5. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Hpi nghi ldn ihic 7 Ban Chdp hdnh Tnmg uang, KhoaVn, CTQG, H, 1994, fr. 67,67,68,68,68
6. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hpi dgi biiu lodn quoc ldn Ihic IX, CTQG, H, 2001, fr. 125
7,8,9,10. Ban Chap hanh Trung uong: Nghj quyet so 20-NQ/rW Ve liep luc xdy dung giai cdp cPng nhdn Viet Nam thai ky day manh cPng nghiep hoa, hien dgi hoa ddl nuac, 28-1-2008, fr. 2,2,4,1.
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