SU" NGHIEP VA TU" TU'6'NG H 6 CHi MINH
A A A _ A J ft * *.
MOI QUAN HE Glii'A DOC LAP DAN TOC VA THONG NHAT DAT NUOC TRONG Tir TUdNG HO CHi MINH
PGS, TS VU QUANG HIEN*
Trong sudt cudc dai hogt ddng cdch mgng, Hd Chi Minh Men cudng ddu tranh cho ddc lap ddn tdc vd thdng nhdt ddt nude, cho tu do, hanh phiic ciia nhdn ddn. Ngudi ndi:
'Nude Viet Nam la mdt, ddn tdc Viet Nam Id mot Sdng cd thi can, niii cd thi mdn, song chan ly dy khdng bao gia thay ddi". Muc dich ciia nhdn ddn ta sau khi Hiep dinh Gianeva 1954 vi Ddng Duong duac ky kit ciing la ddu tranh gia vung hda binh "de thue hien thdng nhdt, hodn thanh ddc lap vd ddn chu trong todn qudc " .
Trude khi vi coi vinh hdng, trong hodn ednh ddt nuac dang tgm thdi bi chia cdt, cudc khdng chiin chdng My, ciru nude dang dien ra quyet liet, Hd Chi Minh de Igi cho ddng bdo vd chiin si cd nude bdn Di chuc thieng lieng, trong dd, Ngudi bdy td niem tin vd khdi vong: "Dii khd khan gian khd den mdy, nhdn ddn ta se hodn todn thdng loi.
Di qudc A^ nhdt dinh phdi cut khdi nuoc ta. Td qudc ta nhdt dinh se thong nhdt.
Ddng bdo Nam, Bdc nhdt dinh sesum hop mot nhd ".
1. Thdng nhdt nuac nhd Id con dudng sdng ciia nhdn ddn ta
Theo Hd Chi Minh, thdng nhat nude nha la mdt quy luat tdn tai va phat trien cua dan tdc Viet Nam, la con dudng sdng cua nhan dan Viet Nam. Ddc lap dan tdc gan lien vdi thdng nhat dat nude la mdt quan diem Idn cua Hd Chi Minh, xuyen sudt cugc ddi boat ddng each mang ciia Ngudi. Trong "Lich sir nuoc td' (1942), Ngudi dau ddn vi canh "Le Nam, Mac Bac rach ddi son ha", "Nguyen Nam, Trinh Bac danh nhau".
Viec xoa bd tinh trang cat cii cua cac lanh chiia phong kien de thdng nhat thi tmdng dan tdc la mdt trong nhiing nhiem vu quan trgng cua cac cugc each mang tu san, tao dieu kien cho sy phat trien kinh te, dua den sy ra ddi cua cac qudc gia dan tdc tu ban chu nghTa phuong Tay. Neu nhu trong each mang tu san Phap, giai cip tu san thyc hien su thdng nhat lanh thd de hinh thanh thi tmdng dan tdc, thi d nude Viet Nam thugc dia, hg lai thyc hien sy chia eat lanh thd va chia re dan tdc. Chia de tri la mdt trong nhiing nguyen tac thdng tri ciia hg. "Chiing lap ba che do khac nhau d Trung, Nam, Bac dl ngan can
s y NGHIEP vA TU" TU'd'NG H 6 CHi MINH
viec thdng nhat nude nha ciia ta, dk ngan can dan tdc ta dgan klt"'^.
Thyc dan Phap da hoan thanh cdng cudc chinh phye va chia cit nude Viet Nam sau khi budc trieu dinh nha Nguyen phai ky cac hang udc Acmang (1883) va Patgndt (1884). Theo nhiing hiep udc nay, Viet Nam khdng dugc xem nhu mdt qudc gia ddc lap thdng nhat, ma bi chia thanh ba ky vdi ba che do cai tri khac nhau, trong dd Nam Ky la xii thugc dia, khdng cd quan he phy thugc vag Nam Trieu; Bac Ky va Trung Ky la xii bao hd; cimg bai xii Lao va Campuchia nam trong Lien bang Ddng Duong thugc Phap. Bd may quan lai cua trieu dinh nha Nguyen chi dugc "ty tri" d cac tinh mien Trung, nhung khdng cd thyc quyln. Toan quyen la ngudi thay mat Chinh phii Phap cai tri Ddng Duong ve mgi mat, dudi Toan quyen la Thdng ddc Nam ky, Thdng sii Bac Ky va cac Kham sii d Trung Ky, Lao va Campuchia. Hg ciing lap ra Hdi ddng quim hat Nam Ky, cac vien dan bieu d Trung Ky va Bac Ky, nhung khdng cd mdt co cau chinh quyen hoac mdt nghi vien chung cho mdt nude Viet Nam, cho dii chi la gia hieu.
Do chinh sach cai tri tren, sy nghiep dau tranh chdng chii nghTa thyc dan, gianh ddc lap cua dan tgc Viet Nam ciing la cudc dau tranh cho sy thdng nhat va toan ven chu quyen qudc gia.
De gianh ddc lap va thdng nhat, phai thyc hien dai dgan ket dan tdc. Thang 2-1942, Hd Chi Minh neu rd: "Sir ta day cho ta bai hgc nay: Liic nao nhan dan ta doan ket mudn ngudi nhu mdt thi dat nude ta ddc lap ty do.
Trai lai, liic nao nhan dan ta khdng doan ket
thi bi nude ngoai xam lan"^ Ngudi cimg vdi Trung uong Dang lanh dao toan dan xay dyng khdi dai doan ket dan tdc trong Mat tran Viet Minh, tiln hanh tdng khdi nghTa thang Tam thanh cdng, xoa bd ach thdng tri thugc dia va sy chia re ciia chu nghTa de qudc, lap nen nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng boa, mdt Nha nude ddc lap, thdng nhat. Trong Tuyen ngdn Doe lap (2-9-1945), Ho Chi Minh tuyen bd
"thoat ly ban quan he thyc dan vdi Phap, xoa bd hit nhiing hiep udc ma Phap da ky vl nude Viet Nam". Dudi chinh thi cdng hda dan chu do Hd Chi Minh sang lap, mgi ting Idp nhan dan, bat ke giau ngheo, thanh phin giai cap, ke ca vua quan nha Nguyen ciing nga theo each mang. Mgi ngudi cd tam huyet vdi nude vdi dan deu cd eg bdi phuc vy dat nude.
Chinh phii do Hd Chi Minh diing diu da gat bd mgi han thii va chia re, thyc hien dai doan ket dan tdc, lam cho sy thdng nhat va doan kit dan tdc trd thanh hien thyc chii khdng phai la mdt khau hieu.
Khac biet cac nude Diic va Trieu Tien, khi Chien tranh the gidi thii 11 ket thiic, nhan dan Viet Nam dudi sy lanh dao cua Dang Cdng san va Hd Chi Minh hoan toan ty lye, chii ddng vimg len tdng khdi nghTa, dap tan bd may chinh quyen ciia phat xit Nhat va tay sai d ca Trung uong va dia phuong, d ca ndng thdn va thanh thi, tir Bac chi Nam, va da thanh lap mdt Chinh phii dan tdc thdng nhat trong toan qudc tmdc khi quan Ddng minh vao Ddng Duong.
Nhu vay, ddc lap dan tdc va thdng nhat dat nude dugc thyc hien bang mdt cudc each mang do nhan dan Viet Nam tien hanh, chir khdng phai nhd quan Ddng minh vao giai
SU* NGHIEP vA TU" TLPQNG H O CHi MINH
phdng khdi ach chiem ddng cua chu nghia phat xit. Nhiem vy cua quan Ddng minh la giai giap quan ddi Nhat chii khdng phai la chiem ddng va chia cit nude Viet Nam, lap ra nhiing chinh quyen trai vdi y chi va nguyen vgng cua nhan dan Viet Nam.
Trong thu giri Tdng thdng My, Hd Chi Minh chi rd: "Khi ngudi Nhat bi danh bai vao thang 8-1945, todn bd lanh thd Viet Nam duac thdng nhdt Igi dudi mot Chinh phii Cong hod lam thdi (TG nhan manh) va Chinh phu nay da lap tiic di vao boat ddng trong nam thang, hda binh va trat ty dugc lap lai, mdt nen Cdng hoa Dan chu dugc thiet lap tren nhung co sd phap ly, va da danh chg cac nude Ddng minh sy giup dd thoa dang trong viec thyc hien sii menh giai giap ciia hg"^.
Ngay sau khi Cach mang thang Tam thanh cdng, Hd Chi Minh cimg Trung uong Dang khan tmong chi dao nhan dan Viet Nam tien hanh tdng tuyen cir trong ca nude, bau Qudc hdi khoa I (6-1-1946) va chi dinh Hiln phap.
Chinh phii chinh thiic do Qudc hdi lap hiln biu ra (2-3-1946) "that la Chinh phu cua tgan dan". Nhirng viec lam dd khdng chi nhim kien toan bd may chinh quyen Nha nude, ma cdn nham the che boa nen ddc lap va thdng nhat cua nude Viet Nam. Ddi vdi Hd Chi Minh, thdng nhat nude nha la con dudng sdng cua nhan dan Viet Nam.
Ddc lap, chu quyen, thong nhit va toan ven lanh thd la nhung quyen dan tdc co ban, la muc dich hang dau ciia nhan dan Viet Nam trong sudt qua trinh diu tranh chdng chii nghia thyc dan.
2. Quyet khdng chien chdng thue ddn Phap xdm luac de gianh ddc lap vd thdng nhdt hodn todn
Ngay sau Cach mang thang Tam thanh cdng, thue dan Phap trd lai xam luge Nam Bd, hdng tach Nam Bd khdi nude Viet Nam. Hg am muu lap lai toan quyen Phap d Ddng Duong. Ddc lap va thdng nhat ciia Td qudc va ty do, hanh phiic cho nhan dan la khat vgng va y chi diu tranh ngoan cudng cua Hd Chi Minh.
Ngudi ndi: "Tdi chi cd mdt sy ham mudn, ham mudn tdt bac, la lam sao cho nude ta dugc hoan toan ddc lap, dan ta dugc hoan toan ty do, ddng bao ta ai ciing cd com an, ao mac, ai ciing dugc hgc hanh"^
Ngudi chap nhan ky ban Hiep dinh so bg ngay 6-3-1946, mac dii chua ddi dugc thyc dan Phap phai cdng nhan nen dgc lap, nhung hg da phai cdng nhan tinh thdng nhit cua nude Viet Nam: Viet Nam la mot qudc gia ty do, cd Chinh phu, nghi vien, quan ddi va tai chinh rieng. Viec thyc hien thdng nhit dit nude se do trung cau dan y quyet dinh.
Tmdc ngay len dudng sang Phap (6-1946), trong Thu giri ddng bao Nam Bd, Hd Chi Minh khang dinh:
"Ddng bao Nam Bd la dan nude Viet Nam.
Sdng cd the can, niii cd the mdn, song chan ly dd khdng bao gid thay ddi!"^.
Muc dich chuyen sang Phap cua Hd Chi Minh la "giai quylt vin dl Viet Nam ddc 1^, cimg Trung, Nam, Bic thdng nhit". Ngay 25- 6-1946, trong khi tilp chuyen cac nha bao, nhiep anh, chieu bdng tai Paris, Ngudi neu rd
"dan Viet Nam ddi thdng nhit va ddc lap"l
SU" NGHIEP VA TU- TU'6'NG H O CHi MINH
Tmdc khi chinh thiic dam phan vdi Phap, Hd Chi Minh da di tham xii Baxco. Trong ldi dap tir budi chieu dai cua Chu tich Chinh phii Phap G. Biddn ngay 2-7-1946, Ngudi ndi:
"Dan Baxco tuy van giii nhung mau sac rieng, ngdn ngii rieng, phong tyc rieng, nhung van la dan Phap. Nude Phap tuy cd nhieu tinh khac nhau nhung van la nude thdng nhat va khdng the chia se dugc"^
Ngay 12-7-1946, trong cudc hgp bao tai biet thy Roayan Mdngxd, tra ldi cau hdi: 'TSIeu Nam Ky tir chdi khdng sap nhap vao Viet Nam, Chii tich se lam the nao?", Ngudi ndi:
"Nam Ky cimg mdt td tien vdi chiing tdi, tai sao Nam Ky lai khdng mudn d trong dat nude Viet Nam? Ngudi Baxco (Basques), ngudi Broton (Breton) khdng ndi tieng Phap ma van la ngudi Phap. Ngudi Nam ky ndi tieng Viet Nam, tai sao lai cdn nghT den su can trd viec thdng nhat nude Viet Nam?"^. Ngudi tuyen bd tmdc cac nha bao: "Nam Bd la mdt bd phan nude Viet Nam, khdng ai cd quyen chia re, khdng lye lugng nao cd the chia re"'°.
Trong dien van dgc tai le ky niem Qudc khanh ciia nude Viet Nam Dan chii Cdng boa do Hdi lien hiep Viet kieu va Hdi hiru nghi Phap - Viet td chiic tai Paris (2-9-1946), Hd Chi Minh neu rd: "Nguyen vgng tha thiet nhat ciia toan the nhan dan Viet Nam la Td qudc dang hdi sinh ciia chiing ta khdng bao gid bi chia cat va khdng gi chia cat dugc", "... sy chia re va chia cat khdng the mang lai phdn vinh.
That la phi ly neu toan tinh dya vao nude Viet Nam suy yeu, chia re va bi chia cat de dat dugc sy himg manh cua Lien hiep Phap"".
Ngay 22-9-1946, trong thu tra ldi ba Sotxi trong Hdi lien hiep phy nir Phap, Hd Chi Minh viet: "Cac ba yeu dit nude minh, cac ba mong dit nude minh dugc ddc lap va thdng nhat.
Neu cd ke nao tim each xam pham nen ddc lap va thdng nhat ay, thi tdi tin chac rang cac ba se diu tranh den cimg de bao ve nd. Chiing tdi ciing the. Chiing tdi yeu Td qudc Viet Nam ciia chiing tdi, chiing tdi ciing mudn Td qudc cua chiing tdi ddc lap va thdng nhat". Ngudi khang dinh "chimg tdi quyet dimg tat ca sue minh de gianh dugc nen ddc lap dan tdc va toan ven lanh thd cua chiing tdi"'^.
Sau khi di Phap ve, Ngudi tuyen bd vdi qudc dan: Vi hoan canh bien thdi d nude Phap, ma hai van de ddc lap va thdng nhat cua nude Viet Nam chua giai quyet dugc. "Nhung khdng tmdc thi sau, tdi dam quyet rang: Viet Nam nhat dinh ddc lap, Trung, Nam Bac nhat dinh se thdng nhat"'^. "Trung, Nam, Bac deu la dit nude Viet Nam. Chiing ta deu chung mdt td tien ddng hg, deu la mdt thit anh em. Nude cd Trung, Nam, Bac ciing nhu mdt nha cd ba anh em. Ciing nhu nude Phap cd vimg Nodcmangdi, Prdvangxo, Bdxo.
Khdng ai cd the chia re eon mdt nha, khdng ai cd the chia re nude Phap, thi ciing khdng ai cd the chia re nude Viet Nam ta"''*.
Ngudi ndi: "Mdt ngay ma Td qudc chua thdng nhit, ddng bao cdn chiu khd, la mdt ngay tdi an khdng ngon, ngu khdng yen. Tdi tran trgng hiia vdi ddng bao rang: Vdi quyet tam ciia ddng bao, vdd quyet tam ciia toan the nhan dan. Nam Bd nhat dinh se trd lai cimg than ai chung trgng Idng Td qudc"'^
SU" NGHIEP VA TU* T ^ ^ N G H 6 CHi MINH
Tai phien hgp ngay 31-10-1946 ciia Ky hgp thii hai Qudc hdi khoa I, sau khi dugc Qudc hdi giao trach nhiem thanh lap Chinh phu mdi, Hd Chi Minh tuyen bd muc dich cua Chinh phii la "trong thi kiln thilt, ngoai tranh thu ddc lap va thdng nhat ciia nude nha"'^.
Trong Ldi keu ggi Lien hgp qudc (12-1946), Ngudi vach rd hanh ddng ciia Phap "nan ra nude Cdng hga Nam Ky vdi mdt Chinh phu bii nhin tay sai" va khang dinh nhan dan Viet Nam
"kien quyet chien dau den cimg de bao ve nhiing quyen thieng lieng nhat: toan ven lanh thd chg Td qudc va ddc lap cho dit nudc"'^.
Khdng the dimg dam phan hda binh de giai quyet cudc xung dot Viet - Phap, Hd Chi Minh ra Ldi keu goi todn qudc khdng chien nham gianh ddc lap va thdng nhat hoan toan. Trong Thu gin ddn chung Viet Nam, ddn chung Phdp, ddn chung cdc nuoc Ddng minh, Ngudi khang dinh: "Cudc khang chien rat lau dai va dau khd.
Dii phai hy sinh bao nhieu va thdi gian khang chien den bao gid, chiing ta ciing nhat dinh chien dau den cimg, den bao gid nude Viet Nam dugc hoan toan ddc lap va thdng nhat"'*.
Cudc khang chien lau dai va anh diing cua dan tdc Viet Nam da ket thiic thang Igi bang chien dich Dien Bien Phu. Ngay 21-7-1954, Hiep dinh Gionevo ve Ddng Duong dugc ky ket. Theg Hiep dinh nay, mdt nude Viet Nam vdi nhiing quyen dan tdc co ban dugc thira nhan: ddc lap, chii quyen, thdng nhat va toan ven lanh thd, nhung dat nude ta tam thdi bi chia cat thanh hai mien vdi ranh gidi quan sy la vT tuyen 17. Sau 2 nam quan ddi Phap phai nit bet khdi Viet Nam va nhan dan Viet Nam se tdng tuyen cir thdng nhat nude nha.
5. Kien cuong ddu tranh chong A^ vi su nghiep gidi phong mien Nam, thong nhdt Td qudc
Nhung nam diu sau ngay ky Hiep dinh Gionevo, Hd Chi Minh cimg vdi Trung uong Dang va Chinh phu chu tmong kien tri diu tranh ddi ddi phuong phai thi hanh nghiem chinh Hiep dinh, tiln tdd hda binh thdng nhit Td qudc.
Ngay 22-7-1954, Ngudi phan tich: dilu chinh khu vyc la viec tam thdi, la budc qua do dl thyc hien dinh chien, lap lai hda binh va tien din thdng nhit nude nha bang each tdng tuyen cir. Dieu chinh khu vuc quyet khdng phai la chia xe dit nude ta, quyet khdng phai la phan tri. Ngudi khing dinh: "Trung, Nam, Bac deu la bd coi cua ta, nude ta nhat dinh se thdng nhat, ddng bao ca nude nhat dinh dugc giai phdng". Ngudi chi rd: "Dau tranh de cimg co hda binh, thyc hien thdng nhat, hoan thanh dgc lap, dan chu ciing la mdt cudc dau tranh lau dai va gian khd". "Chiing ta phai ra siic diu tranh de thyc hien tdng tuyen cir ty do trong toan qudc dang thdng nhdt nude nha"'^.
Hda binh, thong nhdt, doc %» vd ddn chii la muc tieu phin diu cua Chinh phu va nhan dan Vi^
Nam, dugc Hd Chi Minh khing dinh trong nhieu bai ndi va bai vilt, tra ldi phdng vin cua cac bao trong va ngoai nude... Nhan dip ll mimg Qudc khanh Ian thii 9 (1954), Ngudi neu ro: "Nhiem vu chung cua chung ta Men nay la: Thi hanh diing ddn hiep dinh dinh chien, ddu tranh di giir gin vd cimg cd hda binh de thue hien thdng nhdt, hodn thanh doc Icp vd ddn chii trong todn qudc". Ngudi keu ggi: 'Toan thi ddng bao tir Nam ra Bic phai diu tranh chuan bi cho cudc tdng tuyin cirtudo,^
thyc hien thdng nhdt todn qudd^.
SU- NGHIEP VA TU" JWONG H 6 CHi MINH
Vdi y chi Nam, Bac mdt nha, Ngudi hit siic quan tam cham sdc can bd, bd ddi, ddng bao va hgc sinh mien Nam tap ket ra mien Bic. Miia Thu nam 1954, khi nghe tin ddng bao miln Nam tap ket den Sam Son, Ngudi vilt thu tham hdi va ddng vien mdi ngudi tiiy theo sire minh tham gia vao cdng cudc xay dung nude nha. Ngudi nhac nhd Bd tmdng Bd Lao ddng Nguyen The Tao, Tmdng ban ddn tiep lye lugng tap ket tai Sam Son: "Chii la ngudi mien Nam, chii hieu tam tu tinh cam ciing nhu sy can thiet trong sinh boat, ddi sdng ciia cac cd, cac chii trong do ra, ca cy Idn tudi ciing nhu cac chau thieu nbi. Vay chii phai thay mat Dang, Chinh phu, tiep ddn the nao de td dugc sy yeu thuong, lo lang, tham tinh cua Dang va Nha nude ddi vdi ddng bao mien Nam mdt thit. Nhu chii biet, d mien Nam khdng cd cai ret cat thit nhu d mien Bac dau, phai cd diy du quan ao am va chan bdng cho tat ca, cd khan quang cd cho cu gia, xa phdng va chan bdng cho cac cd cd con mgn"^'. Ngudi can dan can bd va cac chau bgc sinh mien Nam hang hai hgc tap va cdng tac sao cho den ngay nude nha thdng nhat, trd lai que huong deu la nhiing ngudi guong mau ve tu tudng, dao diic ciing nhu ve mgi mat khac.
Tir chd la ke thii tiem tang, My ngay cang bdc Id rd la ke thii trye tiep cua each mang Viet Nam.
Vdi sy xiii giyc va giiip do cua My, chinh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem ra siic tang cudng quan ddi, gay xung dot d mien Nam, khimg bd nhan dan, bop nghet quyen ty do dan chu, tim each trdn tranh hiep thuong vdi Chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng boa, pha hoai Hiep dinh Gionevo, cd tinh chia cit lau dai nude Viet Nam, bien mien Nam thanh mdt qudc gia ddc 1^ than My.
Dung tmdc am muu mdi cua de qudc My va tay sai, Hd Chi Minh khang dinh: "nude Viet Nam nhat dinh se thdng nhit, vi nude ta la mdt khdi, khdng ai chia eat dugc". Ngudi chu tmong Cling cd mien Bac de "giiip do thiet thue ddng bdo mien Nam ddu tranh ddi hda binh vd thdng nhdf^. Hd Chi Minh cho rang:
Mudn dyng ngdi nha tdt thi phai xay nen that viing. Mudn cay dugc manh, la dugc tuod, hoa dugc dep, qua dugc tdt thi phai ra siic cham sdc, vun xdi gdc cay. Mien Bac la cai nen, cai gdc cua cudc diu tranh hoan thanh giai phdng dan tdc, thyc bien thdng nhat nude nha. Cho nen mgi viec lam d mien Bac deu nham tang cudng lye lugng cua mien Bac va mien Nam.
De tap hgp mgi lye lugng cho cudc diu tranh thdng nhat nude nha, Hd Chi Minh chii tmong md rdng va cimg cd Mat tran dan tdc thdng nhat: "Tir Nam den Bac, ai la ngudi tan thanh hda binh, thdng nhat, ddc lap, dan chu, thi chimg ta san sang doan ket vdi hg, that tha hgp tac vdi hg, dii tir tmdc tdi nay hg da theo phe phai nao"^.
Viet bai cho tuan bao Vi mot nen hoa binh Idu ddi, vi mot nen ddn chii nhdn ddn, ngay 2-9-
1955, Hd Chi Minh neu rd: Chinh phii nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng boa ty dinh ra cho minh myc tieu diu tien la thi hanh triet de va diy du Hiep dinh Gionevg, nghTa la trieu tap ngay tiic khic hdi nghi hiep thuong giua hai mien Nam va Bac, dd la budc diu tien tien tdi chuan bi cudc tdng tuyen cir ty do de thdng nhit dit nude.
Ngay 27-2-1957, trong Dien van khai mac phien hgp diu tien cua Ban sira ddi Hien phap, Ngudi ndi: "nude ta bien nay cdn tam thdi bi chia cat, non mdt nira nhan dan ta cdn phai
SU" NGHIEP VA TU' TU'O'NG H 6 CHI MINH
sdng trong canh eye khd lam than. Ban hien phap ciia chiing ta se thao ra chang nhiing phai tieu bieu dugc cac nguyen vgng ciia nhan dan mien Bac, ma cdn phai la mdt myc tieu phan diu cho ddng bao mien Nam"'^'*.
Mien Bac budc vao thdi ky qua do len CNXH khdng chi thyc hien nhiem vy xay dyng va cimg cd mien Bac, ma cdn tao co sd cho cugc diu tranh thdng nhat nude nha. Phat bieu trong budi khai mac Ky hgp thii tam Qudc hdi Khoa I, Hd Chi Minh xac dinh: "Nhiem vy tmdc mat cua toan dan ta la ra siic xay dyng va cimg cd mien Bac, dua miln Bic tiln din len chii nghTa xa hdi, ddng thdi diu tranh thyc hien thdng nhit nude nha, nhim xay dyng mdt nude Viet Nam hda binh, thong nhit, ddc lap, dan chu va giau manh". "Cudc diu tranh gianh thdng nhat nude nha bang phuong phap hda binh tren co sd ddc lap va dan chii la mdt cudc each mang lau dai, khd khan phiic tap"^^
Ngudi chi rd: Nhiem vu quan trgng nhit cua nhan dan, Qudc hdi va Chinh phu ta la phai ra sire phan dau de xay dyng chu nghTa xa hdi d mien Bac, diu tranh thyc bien hda binli thdng nhat nude nha va gdp phin bao ve hda binh d Ddng - Nam A va tren the gidi.
Tai Dai bdi lin thii m cua Dang (9-1960), Hd Chi Minh khing dinh: "Dan tdc ta la mdt, nude Viet Nam la mdt. Nhan dan ta nhit dinh se vugt tit ca mgi khd khan va thyc hien ky dugc thdng nhit dit nude. Nam, Bic mdt nha"^^.
Ngay 8-8-1963, tra ldi cau hdi cua nha bao W. Bdeset: Rang cd diing la cudc khang chiln vu trang d mien Nam dugc miln Bic img hg hay khdng?, Hd Chi Minh ndi: "Vl mgi mat dia ly, lich sir, van hda va chimg tdc, dan tdc
Viet Nam la moL Chiing tdi da doan ket mdt long chdng thyc dan P h ^ va xam luge NhaL Dd la mdt dieu ma dudng ranh gidi tam thdi vach theo vT tuyen 17, nham lam de dang hon viec ky hiep dinh (£nh chien nam 1954, khdng the nao thay ddi dugc. Sy thdng nhit cua nude Viet Nam va cua dan tdc Viet Nam da dugc thira nhan va ghi trgng Hiep dinh Gionevo. Ciing vi vay ma cudc diu tranh ciia ddng bao chiing tdi d miln Nam dugc toan the nhan dan Viet Nam, d ca BSc va Nam vT tuyen 17, ddng tinh va ung hg".
Ngay 7-5-1964, tra ldi phdng van cua nii phdng vien Phap Danien Huynoben, Ngudi chi ro: "Nude Viet Nam la mdt, dan tdc Viet Nam la mot. Nira nude chung tdi dang bi dk qudc My xam lugc"^^.
De qudc My ngay cang lao sau vao cugc chien tranh xam luge Viet Nam bing chiln luge "chien tranh cue bg" d miln Nam va chiln tranh pha hoai d miln Bic, Hd Chi Minh cimg vdi Trung uong Dang xac dinh chong My, ciiu nude la nhiem vu thieng lieng nhSt cua quan va dan ta tren ca hai miln Nam, Bic.
Sy nghiep giai phdng miln Nam, bao ve miln Bic, tiln tdi hda binh thdng nhit nude nha la sy nghiep each mang chung cua ca dan tgc Viet Nam, khdng phai la viec rieng cua mdi mien. Miln BSc la hau phuong Idn, miln Nam la tiln myln Idn, quan dan ca hai miln phai kien tri diy manh sy nghiep chdng My, ciiu nude din thing Igi hoan toan.
Ngay 1-7-1965, tra ldi phdng vin cua Nh^ bdo cdng nhdn (Anh), Ngudi khing dinh lai mdt lin niia- "Nude Viet Nam la mdt Dan too Vi^ Nam la mdt. Nhan dan ca nude chiing tdi diu cd nghia vy chdng giac ngoai xam bao ve Td qudc"^.
SU" NGHIEP VA TU" TU'O'NG H 6 CHi MINH
Tmdc liic di xa, Ngudi bay td niem tin va khat vgng: "Dii khd khan gian khd din miy, nhan dan ta se hoan toan thang Igi. Dl qudc My nhat dinh phai ciit khdi nude ta. Td qudc ta nhat dinh se thdng nhat. Ddng bao Nam, Bac nhat dinh se sum hgp mdt nha" .
Thyc hien Di chiic thieng lieng ciia Hd Chi Minh, quan va dan ca nude ta da guong cao mai mai nggn cd ddc lap dan tdc, quyet chien quyet thang giac My xam luge, giai phdng mien Nam, bao ve mien Bac, thdng nhat dit nude de thda Idng mong udc cua Ngudi. Bang cudc Tdng tien cdng va ndi day miia Xuan 1975 giai phdng mien Nam, thdng nhat dat nude.
Ngay nay nhan dan ta da cd mot nude Vi^ Nam ddc lap, thdng nhit, tren dudng thyc bien myc tieu ly tudng dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh. Mgi ngudi Viet Nam dang nd lye xay dyng dit nude ta "dang hoang ban, to dep hon" nhu ldi dan ciia Hd Chi Minh, sdm dua dit nude thoat khdi canh ngheo nan, lac hau de "sanh vai vdi cac cudng qudc nam chau".
1,19, 20. Ho CM Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, T7,tr. 337-339,322-323,339
2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17, \%.Sdd T.4,1-2,176,161,246,345,266,271,369,283-284,302- 303,417,418419,419,427,469,484
5.5^T.3,tr217
21. Htx sinh mien Nam - ngdy dy, bdy gia, CTQG, H,2000,tr.l5
22,23,24. Ho ChiMmh Toan tap. CTQG, H, 2000, T.8,tr.47-48,4749,322
25. &i/,T.9,156-157 26.5aW, T.IO, 199 27,28. &i/. T i l , 267,458 29..Sa/,T.12.tr.516
"BAC DI, DI CHUC GIUC LONG TA"
(Tiep theo trang 43)
Tuy nhien, trong dau tranh each mang lau dai va gian khd, ciing da cd mdt sd ngudi khdng vugt len dugc, dac biet d nhirng thdi diem cd tinh budc ngoat, mdt sd ngudi cd chiie, cd quyen tha boa, bien chat, tham nhiing, cira quyen,...
Dieu dd cho thay tinh chat khd khan, gian khd, lau dai ciia viec xay dyng eon ngudi mdi, cho thay y nghTa cap bach, tim quan trgng cua cudc van ddng giag dye, lam theg tu mdng va tam guong dao diic Hd Chi Minh hien nay. Thyc hien Di chuc cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh vi vay ciing la mdt qua trinh phan dau lau dai cua toan Dang, toan dan ta de ngay cang di tdd dich cudi cimg cua each mang. Bdn muod nam qua mdi la mdt chang dudng ngan ngiii, trong do cd nhung viec chiing ta da hoan thanh xuat sac, cd nhung viec lam cham, nhieu viec lam chua tdt.
Nhieu nhan td "mdi me, tdt tuod" da xuat hien, nhung ciing cdn nhieu cai "cii ky, hu hdng" van chua dugc thanh toan, dang la dieu nhiic nhdi, lam giam niem tin ciia nhan dan. Chiing ta hiia vdi Ngudi: kien tri phan diu thyc hien "cudc chien dau khdng Id" ma Ngudi can dan trong Di chiic dat tdi nhiing thing Igi ngay cang to Idn hon niia tren con dudng hdi nhap va phat trien.
