MANIII-HAIU
QUAN LY TRI THLfC VAS^JDOIMCfl
• PHAM ANH TUAN
T6MTXT:
Quin 1$ tri thitc chinh 1^ ddng li^c cda sif d6i mdi, I^ cdng cu quan trong gidp cic td chitc c6 th^ tSn tai vk phit tri^n trong mdi trudng c^nh tranh ngiy cing gay git nhif hi$n nay. Bii vid^t xem xdt cic nghidn eSu tbifc nghidm ve m^i quan h# gitfa quSn 1^ tri tfaitc vi s^ d^i mdi, itT dd difa ra cic khuyd'n nghj de cic to chd'c xiy diAig chinh sich quin t^ tn thdc phil h^p, thdc d^y sir doi mdi nhim cii thi#n hi^u qui cda ti chdc.
T^ khda: Quin Ij* tri thd'c, doi mdi, doanh nghiep, sing tao.
1. D$t v i n d l LI. Khdi qudt chung
Tri thtfc Ii mOt trong nhffng yeu t^ Iam nen thinh cdng cda doanh nghidp (DN), quan 1^ tri thilc (QLTT) trd thanh mOt chien lifdc c?oh tranh hi^u qud vi quan trong nhi't (Grant, 1996). Tri thtfc diftjc tao ra bdi ci nhSn v i la nguon tao ra Icfi Ihd" c?nh tranh duy nhi't cda td chiJc trong bd'i cdnh kinh doanh hidn dai (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995). Tri thtfc dtfdc coi l i mot cich tid'p c i n chid^n Iif0c trong vide tao ra ldi thd" canh tranh (Asgarian, 2012). M§t khic, tri thtfc co the la mot y^u ti thuin Idi trong vide tao ra c i c gii tri (Chen, Lin, & Chang, 2009).
Tuy nhien, tri thtfc ddn thuin khong th^ cung cip nhffng ldi thd* ndu tren ma cin dtfdc quin I^.
QLTT dUHc de cip d^n nhtf la mot nhu cau cd bin trong thdi dai ngiy nay. Trong do, QLTT l i cd sd cua stf ddi mdi, tao ra nhffng y trfdng mdi v i khim phi ra stfc mainh f ttfdng cua td chtfc (Alaei
et al., 2012). QLTT l i cdng cu gidp cho cic DN hoat ddng hieu qui hdn, dkc bidt li h5 trd cho stf ddi mdi (Soniewicki, 2016; Paez-Logreira et al., 2016). Ap dung nhieu ddi mdi hdn thi cic DN se thanh cdng hdn trong vide tfng phd vdi nhffng thay ddi cda mdi tnfdng. Phit tri^n c5c kha nang mdi se gidp hp dat dtfdc hidu qui cao hdn (Nouri et al., 2017).
Thtfc te', theo ca gidi hpc thuit Iln kinh doanh, dd sing tao va duy tri ldi the" canh tranh, can dung dd'n tri thtfc thay cho c i c ngudn Itfc truyen thddng nhtf tai nguydn, vd^n hoac di^t dai (Drucker, 1993) bdi Iri thtfc dtfdc con ngtfdi tao ra. Dd'i thu canh tranh khdng thd hidu each thtfc ma mpt DN tao ra tri thtfc nd^u khdng hidu vai trd v i chtfc nang cua yeu to" chd quan con ngtfdi trong qui trinh dd. Chinh vi vay, de thanh cdng.
DN cin quan tri dtfa vao tri thtfc. Hidn nay, cic DN phu thudc nhieu vio tii sin tri thtfc ma hp sd hflu dtfdi dang nhan vien td chtfc. Stf tdn tai vi So n - Thang 5/2020 203
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thinh vifpng cua bit ky DN n i o va tham chf l i bit kJ qudc gia nao cung phu thudc vao stf cd mat cda tri thtfc canh tranh. Do dd, ui thtfc (nhtf ky ning, kinh nghidm v i chuyen mdn) khi dtfdc stf dung trong thtfc tien kinh doanh hang ngiy cda mdt td chtfc ddng vai trd Ii ldi thd*canh tranh (Akrametal., 2017).
T?i Viet Nam, ngiy cang cd nhieu DN nhSn thtfc dtfdc vide quin ly vi khai thic cd hidu qui tri thtfc ddng vai trd quan trpng doi vdi sy phit trien bdn vffng cda DN. DSc biet, cic khii ni#m
"nen kinh td tri thtfc" vi "ddi mdi sing tao" dtfdc dd c|p d cic mtfc dO ng^y cing thtfdng xuydn hdn trong cic vin ki^n cda Ding va Nha ntfdc, trong k^ ho^ch phit iridn kinh t^ xa hdi cda cic bd, nginh, dja phtfdng. Tuy nhidn, mtfc dp hidu bi^t vd ph?m trO QLTT d Vi^t Nam, c i cip dp ly luin vi thyc tidn, vSn cdn khi han chd^ (Pham Anh Tuin, 2016).
Theo VnEconomy (05/04/2019), lan diu tidn d Vidt Nam, Cue Th6ng tin Khoa hpc vi Cdng nghd Qudc gia didu tra thi didm ve boat dpng ddi mdi sing tao trong cic DN. Kdt qui cho thay, hoat dOng ddi mdi sing tao trong cic DN Vidt Nam ndi chung vSn c6n nhidu han chd. Mic dti, QLTT da dtfpc nghidn ctfu nhidu nhtfng chd yeu tip trung vao cic DN ldn. Bdn canh dd, QLTT trong cic doanh nghidp vffa vk nhd (DNVVN) Ii mdt trong cic chd de quan trpng nhtfng chtfa nhan dtfdc stf quan lim dung mtfc. Vide tridn khai thinh cdng QLTT trong cac DNVVN rSfl it dtfpc dd cip ddn trong cic nghidn ctfu trtfdc (Cantu el al., 2009; Evangelista et a!., 2010; Serenko, 2013;
Kumiawatietal., 2019).
Bai vidt nhim giup cic DN Viet Nam cd cii nhin diy dd vi sau sic hdn ve lam quan trpng cda QLTT. ttf dd lim cd sd xay difng mdi quy trinh QLTT sao cho cd hidu qui dd thuc d^y srf ddi mdi, cii thidn hidu qud cda id chtfc.
1.2. 001 tffffng nghien cffu Quy trinh quin \f tri thtfc
Qudn \f tri thtfc tic dpng de'n su ddi mdi Cac nghidn ctfu thtfc nghiem ve mdi quan he nhin qua gitfa QLTT vi srf ddi mdi.
2 0 4 Sef 11 - Thang 5/2020
I. 3. Phuang phdp nghiin cffu
Phrfdng phip nghidn ctfu djnh a..'> ^-i phtfOng phip md ti drfpc lie gii i p dyni: ^i'lJ ""^^ ^^'^
cdng trinh nghidn ctfu thrfc nghidm cd Iidn quan, k^t qui nghidn ctfu da dtfpc cdng bd trdn cSc tap chi chuydn nginh vi cd uy tfn thdng qua nguon inlemet.
Dd chi tid't hdn vd quy trinh QLTT v i tic ddng dd'n stf ddi mdi, bii vid't ndu bgi ke't qui cda cic nghidn ctfu thtfc nghidm cd Iidn quan vd tlm quan trpng, cung nhtf Idi fch m i QLTT dem lai cho cic DN. Ddng thdi, trtnh b i y c i c khii nidm cd Udn quan nhtf tri thtfc, QLTT, v i srf ddi mdi, itfpc khio cic nghidn ctfu thrfc nghidm cung nhrf kd't qud vi hkn luSn. Cudi cdng Ii phin nhiin djnh, kdt lu§n v i de xui't.
Z-MOtsdrkhainifm 2.1. Tri thffc (Knowledge)
Theo Nonaka vi ctg., (1995), tri thtfc Ji "nidm tin dtfdc minh chtfng l i ddng". Nonaka et al.
(1995) cung cho thiy, "tri thtfc l i qui trtnh ning d$ng cda con ngtfdi trong vide minh chtfng cic nidm tin c i nhin vdi nhffng srf th$t". Srf tie'n hda cda nhin thtfc luan khoa hpc da hlnh thinh ciu trdc thtf b i c ttf dff lieu -> thdng tin -> tri thtfc, ting din theo 2 chidu htfdng: Stf hieu bie't vi stf ddc l i p vdi ngff cdnh (Serban et al., 2002).
Polanyi (1966) da phin loai tri thtfc thinh 2 loai:
(1) Tri thtfc In (tacit) trong d i u con ngtfdi, khd nilm bit; (2) Tri thtfc hi#n (explicit) cd thd bidu diln, nim bit de dSng.
2.2. Quan ly tri thffc (Knowledge Management) Menkhoff el al. (2002) dinh nghia QLTT li nhidm vu phit tridn v i khai thic cd tii nguydn tri thtfc hflu hlnh vk vd hinh cda mdt td chtfc.
Pillania (2006) dinh nghia "QLTT l i mdt quy trtnh lidn tuc, cd td chtfc. ro r i n g v i cd chd f trong vide tao, pho bidn, ip dung, ddi mdi v i cip nhit tri thtfc dd dat dtfpc cic muc udu cda td chtfc". QLTT la mOtqui trtnh Iidn tjuan d^n vide QLTT hidn va an (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995).
2.3. Ddi mdi (Innovation)
Theo djnh nghia cua tff didn 0\i<ii,] j^^j a:
la mot qui trinh, trong dd mdt san pti^,,.
liAmij-iiAiLY
trinh, djch vu ho$c ky thuit mdi dtfpc phit tridn.
Doi mdi cdn drfdc dinh nghia l i "tao ra iri thtfc vi f Itfdng mdi dd 190 thuin ldi cho c i c ke^t qua kinh doanh mdi, nhim cii thidn cac quy trtnh v i ciu trie kinh doanh nOi bp, t^o ra cic san pham vi djch vu theo djnh hrfdng thi tnfdng" (Plessis, 2007).
3. Ltf^c khao c i c nghidn cihi thi^c nghifm Theo Bakar & Hashim (2011), Soniewicki (2016). Abdi et al. (2018), stf ddi mdi cda DN dtfdc kdt nd'i siu sic vdi QLTT. Nhieu lie gia da nhan manh, QLTT ddng mdt vai trd lo Idn trong qui trtnh ddi mdi (Valdez-Juirez et al., 2016).
Akram et al. (2011) da ddi chie'u cic If thuyd't vd QLTT vi ddi mdi irong cdc td chtfc, nghien ctfu tlm cich kidm tra vi xiy dtfng mdi Iidn kd't gitfa quy trtnh QLTT vi quy trinh ddi mdi dd khai thic cic mdi quan hd v i ddng chiy quan trpng cda cic ho^tdOng.
Bing cich Irfpc khio mdt sd' nghidn ctfu thtfc nghidm vi khii nidm, kdt qui cho thiy, cic thanh phin khic nhau cda QLTT nhrf cic hoat ddng tri thtfc, cic loai tri thtfc, chuyen ddi tri thtfc v i cdng nghd cd tic ddng tich ctfc trong vide ddi mdi, thdng qua vide chuydn ddi tri thtfc thinh tii sdn trong cdc td chtfc. Sadeghia & Rad (2018) da chi ra, ddi mdi li mdt trong nhffng y^u td" quan trong gidp phin bif t cic td chtfc vdi cac dd'i thd trong thi tnfdng canh tranh gay git nhtf hidn nay.
Ddi mdi td chtfc dtfdc coi li quan trpng dd phit tridn vi cdi thidn cic sin phim, thd tuc, quy trinh vi dii trtfdng, lim ting Ui6m gii tri cung nhtf hieu qud ddi vdi td chtfc. Khd nang ddi mdi l i ri't quan U-ong dd dat drfpc vi duy tri lpi thd' canh tranh.
Soniewicki (2016) vi Paez - Logreira et al. (2016) da cho thi'y, dd duy tri tinh canh tranh, DN can qudn If tii nguydn tri thtfc hidu qua hdn va phai lidn tyc ddi mdi.
QLTT Ii cdng cu giup cic DN hoat dpng hidu qud hon, dSc bidt li hd trd cic hoat ddng cai tien.
Theo Githii (2014), mdi trtfdng kinh doanh toin ciu di thay ddi khi i^c dd ddi mdi tang theo ngay, kdt hpp vdi cdng nghd phit tridn v i vdng ddi sdn phim ngin. Cilng vdi quan didm dd, theo Nielsen
& Razmerita (2016) phtfdng tidn truydn thdng xa hdi cung cip cic cd hdi mdi dd QLTT d cd d p dd ca nhan vi td chtfc thdng qua cdc cd hdi hpp tic x i hpi va ket ndi mang. Tri thtfc c i nhan cd thd dtfpc hdp nhat thanh tri thtfc tap thd thdng qua cic qua trinh hdp tic xa hdi cd thd tao didu kipn cho stf hidu biet bdn ngoai, thuc dly srf sing t?o vi ddi mdi. T i t c i cic quy trinh niy tao cd hdi gia ting kha ning canh tranh cua DN.
Theo Nawaz et al. (2014), QLTT da ndi ldn nhrf Ii yd'u td quy^t dinh stf ddi mdi. Tri thtfc, hpc t i p vi ddi mdi Ii cic cau trdc lidn quan. Ndi cich khic, vide hpc t i p dien ra khi tri thtfc dtfpc stf dung trong td chtfc vi cudi cdng kd't qud hpc t§p nay sd giup cho vide sing tao vi ddi mdi.
Sy dap tfng vdi tri ihtfc va phd bien tri thtfc li then chdt dd tao ra vi tri chid'n Itfdc cda stf ddi mdi. Abdi & Senin (2015) ddnh gii ket qui cua QLTT ddi vdi stf ddi mdi thdng qua vide hpc tip td chtfc trong nganh cdng nghiep 6 td cda Iran.
Ket qud cho thIy, hpc lip td chtfc Ii nhin td trung gian Iidn kd'l giffa QLTT va ddi mdi td chtfc.
Nghidn ctfu cda Nouri et al. (2017) dinh gid tic ddng cda QLTT d^i vdi ddi mdi td chtfc lidn quan den vai trd trung gian cda hpc t | p to chtfc. Ddi trfdng khdo sdt bao gdm tit cd cic nhin vidn cda Ngin hing Ndng nghidp tai tinh Ardabil. Ket qua cho thay, QLTT co tic ddng tich ctfc deo vide hpc tap td chtfc.
Hpc t i p td chtfc cung cd tic ddng tich ctfc dd^n stf ddi mdi, l i nhin td trung gian gifla QLTT va ddi mdi td chtfc. M i t khic, nghidn ctfu cda Mohajan (2017) cung cho thiy, QLTT giup cdi thidn hidu qua kinh doanh, khd ning canh tranh va ddi mdi trong thdi dai loan cau hda. QLTT dtfdc coi l i trpng tim cda qua trinh ddi mdi sin phim v i quy trinh, ra quyd't dinh dieu hanh, thich tfng v i ddi mdi td chtfc. Ben canh dd, Abdi et al.
(2018) da kiem tra cic tic ddng trtfc tie'p vi giin tie'p cda van hda td chtfc, QLTT va hpc t i p td chtfc dd^n stf ddi mdi.
Nghidn ctfu kd't hdp ly thuyd't quan didm dtfa tren tri thtfc, khung gii tri canh tranh dd phit trien khung Iy diuyet ban dau nham phuc vu cho vide didu tra cic ye'u tdtao ra stf ddi mdi. Dff Udu drfdc 56 U- Thang 5/2020 205
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thu Ihap rtf mdt cudc khio sit cda 279 DN cung c i p phu lung 6 td cho DN Iran. Nghidn ctfti cho thi'y. vin hda td chtfc va QLTT cd inh htfdng d^n sif ddi mdi cua td chtfc. Trong dd, hpc tip td chtfc ddng vai trd trung gian quan trpng trong mdi quan hd niy. Theo Alaei et al. (2012) vi Nouri et al.
(2017), vide thyc hidn thinh cdng QLTT phu thu$c vio van hda td chtfc vi hp tin ring van hda td chtfc li mdt yd'u td thie't yd'u trong QLTT din dd^n stf ddi mdi troog cic id chtfc.
d mOt khia canh khic, nghien ctfu cda Berraies et al. (2014) da xem xdt mdi quan he gifla QLTT vi hidu qud ddi mdi. Kd't qud cung cho thly, qui trinh sing tao tri thtfc cd anh hrfdng tich ctfc dd^n hidu qui ddi mdi. Trong dd, van hda td chtfc l i yd'u td* thinh cdng cd ban nhll cda qui trinh sing tao tri thtfc. Niem tin, stf hpp tic vi hpc tip li nhffng ye'u td quy^t dinh chlnh cda qud trinh sing i^o tri thtfc. Van hda dtfa trdn nidm tin thdc dly khdng khi hdp t i c . din dd'n sy chip nhin giffa c i c nhan vien cung nhy gia tang sy sin sing chia sd tri thtfc an vi phit tridn f ttfdng mdi.
Radzi el al. (2017) cho tha'y, chia s^ tri thtfc (CSTT) da thu hdt stf chu y ngiy cang tang giffa cic nhi nghidn ctfu va nhi qudn Iy vi cd die ho trd cic DN tdi rfu hda cic muc tidu kinh doanh va gidp cic DN thdc dly hpc tip c i nhin vk td chtfc.
Chia sd cd chd dfch tri thtfc hffu ich cho vide hpc tip cd nhSn vi td chffc cd thd din de'n srf ddi mdi va phil tridn cic sin phim tdt hdn. /Vsgharian et al. (2013) di nghidn ctfu cac yeu td chinh anh htfdng dd'n vide CSTT trong nganh cdng nghidp didn ttf cda Iran. Ket qud cho thay, cd 9 ye'u id dtfpc ndu b§i dtfa trdn f kien cda 122 nha quin ly iff 18 DN Idn nha't cda Iran, bao gdm: Sy ttf iin, thii dp cua nha lanh dao, nhan su, dao tao, cdng nh§n, dinh gid hieu qua, khen thtfdng, nhan manh vio stf ddi mdi vi khen thtfdng. Trong dd, mdt trong nhffng yen td quan rfong nhat dnh hrfdng den sy ddi mdi l i CSTT.
Ben canh dd. Ologbo et aL (2015) da kiem tra thtfc nghidm dnh hrfdng cda vide CSTT ddi vdi ning Itfc ddi mdi cua nhin vien. Mdt cupc dieu
tra khdo sit dtfa trdn bing ciu hoi ''a <J"^^^" ^^
dung cho vide thu th$pdff lidu. Tdng c-^n$ cd 204 kJ srflim vide cho c i c DN sin xua'nai Malaysia lham gia v i o cuOc khdo sil. Kei qud cho thiy, CSTT cd dnh htfdng d^n stf ddi mdi cda nhin vidn. Byukusenge et al. (2016) da nghidn ctfu QLTT theo ba khia canh cua vide ihu nh§n tri thtfc, CSTT vi phdn tfng vdi tri thtfc d i n tdi sy ddi mdi trong c i c DNVVN d Rwanda. Kd't qud cho thiy, chi cd khia canh CSTT drfpc tim thIy Ii tich ctfc v i l i nhin id" dy doin cd f nghTa ddt vdi sy ddi mdi. Khi tri thtfc dtfdc chia sd hidu qui se lam ting khd nang ddi mdi.
Nghidn ctfu cda Valdez-Juirez et al. (2016) vdi muc dfch khim phi khd ning QLTT dd dat dtfpc stf ddi mdi v i hidu qud td chtfc trong cdc DNVVN. Dff lidu dtfdc thu th§p tff 903 nhi quin
\f cda cdc DNVVN thuOc cic ITnh vtfc xiy dyng, thtfdng mai vi dieh vu d Murcia (Tiy Ban Nha).
K^t qud cho thIy, QLTT cd dnh htfdng ding kd dd^n stf ddi mdi. Trong khi dd, Viyrynen et al.
(2017) d i so sinh c i c thtfc tien chlnh cda QLTT vi tdc ddng cda chdng ddi vdi stf ddi mdi md giffa cic DNVVN v i cic DN ldn. K^t qui cho thIy, sing tao tri thtfc va CSTT hidu qud se thdc dly stf ddi mdi. C i c DN ldn thrfdng md dd ddi mdi hdn so vdi cic DNVVN v i cdc DN ldn cung coi trpng vide ddi thoai md v i CSTT nhidu hdn. Cic DNVVN dtfdng nhrf phu thupc nhidu hdn vio vide phdt tridn cic hoat ddng ndi bd dd h5 trd cho sy ddi mdi. Srf ddi mdi toan didn ddng vai trd trung gian trong mdi quan hd giffa QLTT v i hidu qud kinh doanh cda cic DNVVN. (Bing 1)
4. K^t qua va ban l u i n
Tii sin tri thtfc cda mdt DN se hinh thanh ndn stf sdng tao. Vi vdy, nha qudn IJ cin phit tridn nhffng tii sin niy sao eho phu hdp vdi tam nhin tri thtfc cda ddn vi va QLTT drfpc coi la trpng tim trong qui trinh ddi mdi sdn phim va quy trinh, ra quye't dinh dieu hinh, thich tfng \ a ddi mdi td chtfc. Trong dd, khfa canh CSTT la nhan td'tlch ctfc va cd f nghTa ddi vdi srf ddi mtfi, |Q,J ^^ ^^^
chia sd v i thu thip tri tbtfc mdi irong td chtfc nang itfc eda nhin vidn sd tflng kr, gi,jj, j^ ,' 206 S^ n - Thang 5/2020
OANTii-iiAlit
Bdng 1. Tdm tat liMc klido vS QLn
I i
Iksgliinte) Abdietal.
(2018)
Pham S Le (2018)
Sadeghia &
Rad (2016)
Viyrynen et al.
(2017)
Nouri et al.
(2017)
M(^jan (2017)
Radzi et al.
(2017)
Vafdez-Judrez etal. {2016}
Nielsen &
Razmerita (2016)
Ologbo etal.
(2015)
Mvc tidu nghien CAJ Kidm tra tdc ddng true t i ^ va gian ti^
cda vin hda td chtfc, QLTT va hpc tSp td chtfc ddn sy ddt mdi.
Tlm hidu cic ydu tdtac dpng den ho^t ddng ddi mdi cda cac DNWN d tinh Lim Odng.
Oiiu tia mdi quan h i giQa lanh d^o dya M n tri thtfc, QLTT va hipu qua ddi mdi.
So sinh thyc tiln cda QLTT va t i c ddng ddi vdi s^ ddi mdi md giQa c i c DNWN v i cic DN ldn.
Dinh g i i t i c d$ng cda QLTT ddi vdi sy ddi mdi cua td diiJlc, Hdn quan ddn vai trd trung gian cda hpc t3p td chtfc.
Qudn l^y*, stf ddi mdi va hidu q u i kinh doanh.
Kidm tra t i c dQng cda cac ydu td n$i bd ddn stf thinh cdng cua cac doanh nghlQp nh6.
Khdm phd k h i ning QLTT de dgt dtfpc sy ddi mdi va hidu qua td chtfc trong cic DNWN
Phiidng tl^n truydn thdng xa hdi cung cip cic cd hdi mdi dd QLTT d ca c i p dd cd nhSn va td ditfc, thdng qua cac cd hdl hpp t i c xa hdi va kdt ndi m^ng.
Kidm tra thyc nghiem anh htfdng cda vi$c CSTT ddi vdi ndng Itfc doi mdi cua nhin viin.
Ket q u i
\Sn hoa td chiJc va QLTT cd dnh htfdng ddn sy ddi mdi. Trong dd, hpc tdp td chdc ddng vai trd tmng gian quan hong trong mdi quan h$ nay.
Cac ydu td anh hudng ddn sy ddi m6l nhu; Sy tin ttfdng, hpp tac, hpc t^p, khen thydng, phdn cip, chlnh Oitfc hda. s\f hStrQ cua CNTT vd k? nSng hinh chQ T.
ldn tgi mdt mdi quan hd giffa lanh d^o dya trdn tri thtfc, thyc tiSi QLTT v i hi$u qud ddi mdi.
Cic DN ldn thudng md dd d(S mdi hdn so vdi cdc DNWN va cac DN Idn col trpng vl$c ddi thogi md vd CSTT nhieu hon. Cdc DNWN phy thudc nhidu hdn vao vide phat tridn cdc hogt ddng ndi b$ cda hp dd hd'trp cho sy ddi mdi.
Hpc t i p td chtfc cd tac dpng tfch cyc ddn sy ddi mdi va la nhdn td tmng gian giOa QLTT vd ddi mdi td chtfc.
QLTT Id trpng tdm cda qud trinh ddi mdi sdn ph^m va quy trinh, ra quydt d|nh didu hanh, thich dng va ddi mdi td chdc.
CSTT cd chu dich gidp fch cho vi§c hpc tdp c i nhdn vd td chtfc, cd thd din ddn sy ddi mdi vd phat tridn cac san phim tdt hdn.
QLTT cd anh htfdng ddng kd ddn stf ddi mdi.
Tri thtfc ca nhan cd the diidc hpp nhit thanh tri thtfc tdp thd thdng qua cac qud trinh hpp tdc xa hdl, tao dieu kien cho sy hieu bidt bin ngoai, thuc ddy sy sdng tao va ddi mdi.
CSTT cd anh htfdng den sy ddi mdi cua nhdn
vien. 1
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thd bid'n ddi. tao ra tri thtfc mdi. Khi cdc thinh vidn cua td chtfc chia se va trao ddi tri thtfc. mtfc dd tham gia hpc tip vi tn thtfc se ting Idn, din dd'n srf phdt trien cic >' ttfdng sing tao hdn.
Nhtf viy, sy ddi mdi Ii mdt muc lidu trong Uii QLTT Ii mdt phtfdng phip. Vide tfng dung tri thtfc la mdi ye'u id quan trpng de thuc dly stf ddi mdi. Cic id chtfc cin nh$n ra tri thtfc id chrfc cda minh, dd Ii ngudn chi phdi phit trien ldi thd c?nh tranh bdn vffng, die bidt ii trong mdi trtfdng kinh doanh nang dpng nhtfhg dly bi^n ddng nhtf hidn nay. Hpc lip td chtfc la nhin t^ trung gian lidn kdt giffa QLTT vd ddi mdi td chffc. Mil khdc, v&n hda td chtfc vi QLTT cung cd inh htfdng de'n stf ddi mdi cda td chtfc.
Xdt vd quy md DN. cdc nghidn ctfu trtfdc cung cho thi'y, DN ldn thtfdng htfdng ra bdn ngoii dd ddi mdi hdn cung nhtf coi trpng vide ddi thoai md vi CSTT nhidu hdn. Trong khi dd, cdc DNVVN phu thudc phin ldn vio vi^c phit tridn cic hoal dOng ndi bd dd hd trp cho srf ddi mdi. Didu quan trpng dd'i vdi cic nhi lanh dao li phdi cdi md hdn vdi nhffng Ihay ddi trong vide thrfc hidn vi thrfc hidn dung quy trinh QLTT. Kdt qud Irfdc khdo cflng cho thi'y, hi$u qud ddi mdi cda cic DNVVN hi dnh hrfdng bdi qui trtnh sing tao tri thtfc. Qui trtnh niy bi dnh htfdng bdi cic yd'u td h6 trd QLTT nhtf nidm tin, hdp tdc, hpc lap, khen Ihtfdng, phin d p , chinh thtfc hda, stf hd trd cda CNTT vi ky nang hinh chff T.
Bdn canh dd, cdc phffdng tidn truydn thdng xa hOi cung cap nhidu cd hOi mdi de QLTT d cd cap dd cd nhdn vi td chtfc thdng qua cd hpi hpp tdc xa hdi vk kdt ndi marng. Tri thtfc cd nhan cd the dtfdc hpp nhi't thanh tri thtfc tap Ihd thong qua cdc qua irinh hpp tic xa hdi cd thd tao dieu kidn cho srf hidu bid't bdn ngoai, thdc dly sy sdng tao vd ddi mdi. Ti't ca cic quy trtnh nay tao cd hpi gia tang khd nang canh tranh cua DN.
QLTT hidu qud da dtfdc dtfa ra nhtf li tidn de quan trpng cda sy ddi mdi. QLTT la mpl cdng cu hffu (ch cho cdc DN irong vide iao ra san phim mdi, quy trinh mdi, cdng nghd mdi. ..va nd diA^c coi l i id chtfc, sdng tao. chia se vi la ddng
chdy tri thtfc trong c i c id chffc. t Oil chuIn c i i tid'n qui trinh QLTT c i n cd ihdm nhidu chtfdng trinh d i o tao, khuyd'n Khich dd ting ctfdng sy sing t^o v i CSTT cung nhy c i n cd chi^n lypc QLTT phu hdp mdt cich rd ring cdng cdc tidu chudn thinh cdng. stf cam KCM va h6 trd cda ban qudn I^ d p cao.
5. Kd't lu$n va hrfdng phat tridn Tri thtfc cing drfpc khai thdc, stf dung thi cing phil tridn, hoin thidn v i drfpc bdi d i p thdm, irong khi cdc ngudn t i i nguydn khdc cing stf dung thi cang hao mdn v i can kidt. QLTT li cdng cy dd khai thic tri tud t i p thd, nhim nfing cao khd ndng tfng phd, ning Itfc ddi mdi v i hidu qud cda td chrfc. Dd thinh cdng trong ndn kinh td tri thtfc, cic td chffc cin thdc d l y ddi mdi sdng t?o cung nhtf khai thdc t^t nhll ngudn lyc tri thtfc cda td chtfc. Cdng vdi da phit tridn cda CNTT, mang Itfdi intemet v i xu thd" toin clu hda, ndn kinh td thd gidi dang chuydn minh sang nd n kinh td" tri thtfc. Trong dd. cdc DN d i u ttf nhidu hdn v i o nghidn ctfu, phdt tridn, tao ra nhidu sdn phim va dich vu mdi cd h i m ltfdng tri thtfc cao hdn. Trong bd'i cinh dd, vdn tri thtfc v i rdng hdn l i QLTT dang trd thanh nhin tdchd d?o tao ndn nhffng btfdc tie'n than kj' cho mdi qudc gia vi cdc DN. Trong dd, cic tri thtfc can thid't cho stf thdnh cdng cda td chtfc dtfdc tao ra, nim giff, chia sd vi phit trien.
Nghien ctfu n i y nhim cung d p cho cic nhi qudn ly DN cdi nhin siu sic v i toin didn hdn vd QLTT, gidp cdc DN djnh htfdng xay dtfng mdt quy trtnh QLTT sao cho cd hidu qud nhit, thdc dly sy ddi mdi nham cdi thidn hidu qud td chtfc.
Mac dd QLTT da dtfdc nghien ctfu nhidu nhtfng chd ye'u tap trung vdo cdc DN ldn tai cdc ntfdc phdt tridn. QLTT trong cdc I /\-VVN Id mdt trong cdc chd dd quan trpng nhi/n^j chrfa nhin dtfdc stf quan tam dung mtfc v i /iec trien khai thdnh cdng QLTT trong cdc doai nghiep niy rlt it dtfdc de cdp ddn trong cdc n g h . i, ^^ ^^j ^J.^^^^ ^^
Do vdy, cin cd thdm nhidu nghien i. ',, ^^jj ^g^
ve chdde ndy, dSc bidt Ii d cdc n,M^ dang phdt tridn nhtf Vidt Nam •
208 S6' n - Thang 5/2020
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March. 1-21. '^''^'^
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liANiiiiiAiit
N g i ; nhtn Mi: 17/4/2020
Ngiy phan bi^n <Unh gia v i siira diSa: 28/4/2020 N g i ; cittfp nlifn dSng liii: 8/S/2020
Th6iig tin t4c gia:
T I I S . P H 4 M A N H T U X N
Tnr»ng Btfi lipc COng ngliiep Thtfc ph^m Thanh phtTllS Chi Minh
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATION
• Master. PHAIVI ANH TUAN Ho Chl Minh City University of Food industry ABSTRACT:
Nowadays, knowledge management is considered the basic of innovation which plays a tcey role in businesses and allows businesses to maximize their innovation capabilities in processes, services and products development. By reviewing empirical studies on the relationship between knowledge management and innovadon, this article finds that die knowledge management is the driving force of irmovation and is an important tool to help organizations survive and duive amid an increasingly competitive environment. This article also provides recommendations for organizations to develop appropriate knowledge management policies which promote irmovation to improve organizational effectiveness.
Keywords: Knowledge management, innovation, businesses, creation.
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