')ihmvdt-:iukien 67
QUOC TE
C Q N G S A NVCtt CACH MANG VIET NAM
ThS. LE VAN ANH <*'
ThS. D A N G T H I T H A O <">Tom tit: Sau khi PkAngghen qua d&i (ndml895), phdi ca hgi lUng dogn Quoc te II Idi phong trao cong nhdn vdo con duang cdi luang, V&i su thao tung cua cdc phdn tu ca hgi chu nghia, Quoc te II dd khong con du uy tin vd khd ndng lanh dgg phong trdo cdng nhdn quoc te, biphan hoa vd "phd sdn ", VLLenin, mgt mat, true tiep ddu tranh chdng cdc khuynh hu&ng ca hoi trong Quoc te II nhdm bdo ve nhimg nguyen li mdc xit; mat khac, tich cue xiic tien thdnh lap to chirc quoc te m&i cua giai edp cong nhdn. Qudc te Cong sdn - Qudc te III ra d&i khdng dii Id trung tdm lanh dgo vd doan ket phong trdo vo sdn tgdn the gi&i, md cdn het sire quan tarn giiip dd phong trdo cdch mgng cdc nu&c thugc dia, Bdi viet tap trung phdn tich Idm ro cong lao to l&n cua Qudc ti Cdng sdn ddi v&i cdch mgng Viet Nam vdsu ddng gdp eiia nhimg ngitdi cong sdn Viet Nam doi vai to chirc.
Tit khoa: Qudc ti Cgng sdn - Qudc ti III; VLLenin; Nguyen Ai Quoc; thugc dia
I
Su- ra dM ciia Qu6c t l Cong san Sau khi PLAngghen qua doi (thang• 8/1895), ca quan lanh dao cua Quoc tS n din roi vao tay nhihig phin tir ca hpi chii nghia, diing diu la E.Beextanh (BergSain). Ho doi "xet lai" chii nghia Mac, phu nhan each mang vo san va chuyen chinh vo san, tuyen tmyen thuyet "hoa bmh giai cip" thay cho diu tranh giai cip. Khi Chiin tranh the gidi thii nhit
* ra, cae lanh tu cua Qu6c t i II dlu iing ho chien tranh dl qu6c. Dung vl phia giai cip tu sit moc minh, eac lanh tti nhilu dang xa hpi
""Hoc vi«n Chmh tri khu vvrc II, Hgc vim Chiiili WquScgiam Chi Minh
KhoaJuc chinh trj - So 2/2019
- dan chii da ho hao "bao ve T6 qu6c", nhung thuc chit la dua giai cip vo san nude nay di bin gilt giai cip v6 san nuoc khac. Chi 3 ngay sau khi chiin tranh n l ra, ngay 4/8/1914, cae lanh to Dang Xa hpi - dan chu Dilc (dang loii va CO uy tin hong phong hao cong nhSn quoc te luc do) da bo philu tan thanh ngan sach chien tranh. Lanh dao cua nhilu dang xa hpi - dan chii khac ciing co hanh dpng tuong hi. Tham chi, co dang con tham gia bp may chiln tranh cua chinh phu tu san. Thai dp dfli vol chiln hanh de quoc phi nghia la thuoe do lap miong each mang hay CO hoi cua eac dang cong nhan giai do^n nay Vai hanh dpng iing ho chiln tranh dl quoc, chu nghia CO hoi da bilu hien duoi hinh thuc hoan bi
68 * Nhdn vdt' Sii kien tihat cua nd la "chii nghia sd vanh". "Qudc ta II
la chat sau khi bi pha san", "Cai da pha san, cai ia chet, chinh la chii nghia ca hdi, chii nghia eai luang, chii nghia xa hdi hau tu san.. ."^". Nhu vay, vdi su thao tung ciia eac phan hi eo hgi, khi Chian tranh the gidi thii nhat bung nd, Qudc ta II khdng con dii uy tin, kha nang lanh dao phong trao cong nhan quoc te va bi "pha san".
Trong Qudc ta 11, chi duy nhat Dang Bdnsevich Nga eo lap trudng diing dan. Sau khi Qu6c ta II "pha san", V.I.Lanin va Dang Bdnsevich Nga tiap tuc dau tranh kh6ng met mdi :;h6ng ehu nghTa eo hgi (phai hiru, phai "giua"), Joan ket phai ta trong cae dang xa hgi - dan ehu;
Jong thdi, nhan thiic ro sir can thiat phai thanh lap mgt to chiic qudc te mdi eua giai cap cong Than. Ngay 01/01/1914, Dang Bonsavich Nga, iudi su lanh dao ciia V.I.Lenin, ra tuyen ngon 'bian chien tranh da quoc thanh ngi chian each Tiang" va tuyan bo "doan tuyet vdi Qudc te II".
Tai eac hgi nghj quoc ta eiia nhung ngudi xa hgi- lan chu quoc ta (Dim-mee-van I nam 1915 va
;i nam 1916), V.I.Lanin da tap hop phai ta va de ra chuong trinh hanh ddng "lam cho chinh phii lude minh that bai hong chien hanh de qudc".
Day la budc chuan bi luc lugng can thiet eho ju ra ddi eua mgt to chue quoc te mdi. Tai hpi ighi toan the Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang Xa hdi - dan ehu Nga (thang 4/1917),V.I.Lenin de nghi Dang Bonsevich Nga dam nhan sii tnenh thanh lap to chiie quoc te each mang.
Caeh mang Thang Mudi Nga (nam 1917) thing Ipi va anh hudng true tilp tdi phong hao each mang the gidi, eao trao each mang tha gidi dang cao nhiing nam 1918-1923. Nam 1918, mgt loat cae dang cdng san d Argentina, Phan Lan, Ao, Hungari, Ba Lan, D i i c . ra ddi. Day ciing la nhan to het siic thuan loi de xiie tien viec thanh lap Qudc te Cong san.
Dai hgi thanh lap Quoc ta Cong san dupe to chiic tai Matxccrva (tir ngay 2-6/3/1919), 51 dai bieu eua eac dang cgng san va nhom cgng san d 30 nude tham du, hong dd co dai bieu cua phuong Dong - Trung Qude, Trieu Tien, Tho Nhi Ky va mgt so nude Trung A - dai biau cho
eac nude thude dia. Su cd mat cua eac dai bieu phuong Dong cho thdy day khdng chi la mpt to chiic qudc te dai dien cho Igi ich ciia giai cap cdng nhan cae nude tu ban chu nghia, ma con la td chiic eua qudn chiing lao dgng eac nuac thuoe dia va phu thudc.
Quoc ta Cgng san hoat dpng hong 24 nam (tir thang 3/1919 dan thang 5/1943), trai qua 7 ki dai hgi. So vdi cae t6 chuc qude te ciia giai edp vd san hude dd, Qudc te Cdng san cd digm khac biet. Mgt la, dudng Idi cua Quoc te Cgng san qua cae ki dai hgi hi ddu dSn cudi luon tha hien tmh each mang hiet da, quan tri?t sau sdc Chii nghia Mae-Lanin. Hai Id, Qude ta Cgng san ludn giuong eao hai nggn cd: each mang vd san va giai phdng dan tdc. Dac biet, trong tu tudng ehi dao cung nhu hong hoat dgng thuc tiln, Qudc ta Cdng san het siic coi hgng, giup da phong hao giai phdng dan tgc d cae nude thugc dia (da ra khdu hieu chien luac "vd san tdt ca cae nude va cdc ddn toe bi dp buc, doan ket lai"; hudng phong hao giai phdng dan tde theo dudng loi cua each mang vo san; gan chat each mang thudc dia vdi phong trao cdng nhan d eae nirdc tu ban ehu nghia; giiip eae nude thudc dia xay dung dang cdng san...). Ndi ve sir ra ddi cua Quoc te Cgng san, V.I.Lanin viet: " Qudc ta thii III da thuc su ra ddi nam 1918, liic ma nhiing nam dau tranh lau dai chdng chu nghia CO hgi va chu nghia xa hgi-s6-vanh, nhdt l i hong thdi ky chian hanh, da dan tdi chd thanh lap nhimg dang cdng san d nhiSu nudc"'^\
2. Vai trd cua Quoc ti Cdng sdn doi vdi each m^ng Vi^t Nam
- Qudc te Cgng sdn da giiip Nguyin Ai Qudc di tai^ buoc chuyen biin quyit dinh vi lap truong vd td ehire: tin theo VLLinin, tin theo Qudc ti Cgng sdn
Khi Quoc ta Cgng san tuyen bd thanh lap d Matxeava (thang 3/1919), Nguyin Ai Qu6c dang song va hoat dgng d Paris, trong Hgi Ngudi Viet Nam yeu nude va Dang Xa hdi Phap. Khi mdi tham gia Dang Xa hpi Phap, Nguyin Ai Qude da thay trong Dang nay "ngudi ta ban cai soi ndi ve van de cd nan d lai trong Qudc th thii
Khoa hpc chinh tri - So 2/2019
*Mnvdt-Sifkien
69 hai, hay la nen t6 ehiic mdt Qu6c te thii hai rudi,
h(4c tliani gia Qu6c ta thii ba cua Lenm? Tdi du rat dSu cae cugc hgp mot tuan hai hoac ba lan.
Toi cham chu nghe nhung ngudi phat biSu y kien. Liic ddu, ^ i khong hieu duac het. Tai sao [ ^ ta ban cai hang nhu vay? Vdi Qudc xh thii lid, hoac thii hai rudi, hay la thii ba, thi ngudi ta cung deu lam each mang ca, sao lai phai eai nhau..."*^'. Thang 2/1920, Dai hgi XVU Dang X3 h^i Phap, khi bo phieu quyat dinh nit ra khdi Quoc t6 n hoac tham gia Quoc ta HI, da sd dai bi^u dir Dai hgi eon do du, "diing d giiia" Qude t§ H va Quoc te HI. Sau Dai hgi XVU, cude dau tranh xung quanh van de Qude te II hay Qudc t^ in ngay cang soi noi, tao nan bau khong khi sinh hoat chinh hi s6i dgng hong Dang Xa hpi Phip noi rieng, xa hpi Phap ndi chung.
Su icien tao nen budc ngoat chuyen bian lap tnicng ciia Nguyin Ai Qude la khi doc dugc tac pham Sa thao lan thu nhdt Ludn cuang vi cdc wi de dan toe vd thugc dia ciia VLLenin, dang tren bao L'Humanite (Nhin dao), so ra ngay 16-17/7/1920. Tac pham ciia V.I.Lenin da giai dap diing nhung tran hd ve con dudng gianh doc lap, tu do cho dong bao bi "dga day dau kho". Tu do, tong eac cugc tiap xiic va tranh iufn, Nguyen Ai Quoc dhu diing hen lap hirdng ciia Qu6c ta HI, eh6ng lai quan dihm eiia Qude te 11. Nguyin Ai Qu6c da tin theo Qu6c ta III:
"VI Quoc te in rat chii y dan vdn d l giai phong thupc dja... Tir do cho d6ng bao tdi, doe lap eho To qu6c toi, day la tdt ca nhiing dilu tdi mudn, day la tdt ca nhimg dilu toi hiiu"''". Tai Dai hdi XVm (Bai hgi Tours) ciia Dang Xa hpi Phap (12/1920), Nguyin Ai Qu6c, ngudi ban xii duy nh^t trong s6 dai bilu cae thudc dia cd mat tai B?i hpi - dS bo philu tan thanh tham gia Qudc te COng san - Qu6c tl HI. La mdt trong nhiing nguoi sang Mp Dang Cgng san Phap, Nguyin Ai Qu6c d6ng thdi la ngudi cgng san ddu tien
•^^ \^at Nam. Tii day, Ngudi tich cue hoat
% . g?p go, trao doi vdi cae dang vien Dang
^n san Phap, din thu vi?n dpe sach...
- 2«oc ti Cgng sdn chu trgng tuyin truyin
^™ nghia Mdc - Linin vdo cdc nuac phuong Khoa hpg^hinh tri-Rn?/pniq
Ddng, trong do CO Ddng Duong vd Viet Nam Trudc khi Qu6c tl Cdng san ra ddi, do chinh sach cai tri ha khde cua thuc dan Phap, nhihig ngudi yeu riudc va each mang Viet Nam khong dugc biet din hgc thuyet each mang eiia C.Mae, den chu nghia xa hdi khoa hpe. Giai edp cdng nhan Viet Nam cung chua cd ehinh dang hoac dai bill! tham gia eac hpi nghi hay dai hpi ciia Quoc te 11 nhu mgt vai thupc dja khac. Ngay sau Dai hpi thanh lap, Qu6c tl Cong san da rdt ehii y den viec tuyan truyen Chu nghTa Mac - Lenin vao eac nude phuang Dong, trong do CO Viet Nam. Lanh su Phap tai Vladivo^ok da mat bao eho Toan quyln Dong Duong d Ha Ngi (ngay 25/4/1920) biet rdng tai day da thanh lap ca quan tuyen truyen cgng san nham hudng vao Viet Nam, Trung Quoe, Singapore... dl chinh quyen thuc dan Phap d Dong Duong de phdng. Sau Dai hpi II (tii ngay 19/7 din ngay 7/8/1920), Quoe ta Cgng san da phai can bg dan nghien cuu tinh hinh chinh tri - xa hgi va dat ke hoaeh tuyan truyan ehii nghTa cong san d Sai Gdn. Mdt sd ngudi Nga noi thao tiang Phap xuat hien d Sai Gdn da bi mat tham Phap theo ddi va bj true xuat vdi li do "la nhirng phan tii Bonsevich" hoat dgng cgng san'^'.
Tii nam 1921 din 1923, vdi tu each la dang vien Dang Cdng san Phap, Nguyin Ai Qu6c nghien eiiu li luan eiia VLLenin, dudng loi ciia Qude t l Cgng san hen tdt ca cae van de, nhat la vdn de dan tde va thugc dia. Nhan thiic ve li luan each mang ciia Nguyen Ai Qu6c da eo su hudng thanh vugt bac. Diing hen quan dilm ciia Quoc t l Cgng san, Ngudi viet nhilu bai dang han mgt s6 tap chi, td bao, tap trung vao van dl ching chu nghTa thuc dan, hanh thii sir img hg cua nhimg ngudi cdng san Phap chan chmh. Trong mdt bai bao nii tiang dang tren Tap chi Cong san (do Uy ban tham gia Quoc tl III ciia Dang Xa hpi Phap dn hanh tii thang 3/1920), s6 15, nam 1921, Ngudi dua ra du doan: "Chu nghTa cgng san tham nhap vao chau A dl dang hon la d chau Au"'^'. Chinh nhung bai bao nay da tao tiing vang va Quoc ta Cdng san da bilt vl hoat dgng ciia Nguyin Ai Quoc
70 • Nhdn rdt - Sii kien
- mdt dang vien cgng san xuat than tii xu thugc dia, boat dpng nhiet tinh hang say, co nhUng y kien xuat sac doi vdi cugc dau tranh giai phong eac dan tdc thugc dia.
Vdi su giiip do ciia Qudc te Cgng san, thang 6/1923, Nguyin Ai Qudc bi mat rdi Paris sang Lien Xd hgc tap va hoat dgng. Tuy khong dupe gap VI.Lenin trudc khi Ngudi qua ddi, nhung nhiing nam thang hge tap, nghien cuu (1923- 1924) va hoat ddng dudi sir ehi dao true hep ciia Qu6c te Cdng san (1923-1940), Nguyin Ai Qude da duge diu ddt, giiip do bdi nhiing con ngudi loi lae eiia phong trao cgng san qudc te;
dugc nghien eiiu nhilu tai lieu, saeh bao hat siic phong phii ve cae van kien ciia Quoe te III qua cae ki Dai hgi, Hpi nghi Ban Chap hanh; nhiing tu tudng ciia Vl. Lenm ve van de dan tde va thupc dia; dugc tilp xiie vdi nhieu dai bieu eua cae dang anh em; duge true tiep tim hiau eong cugc xay dung chu nghia xa hgi tren dat nude Lenin... Day la thdi gian Nguyan Ai Quoc trudng thanh vugt bac ve chinh tri, ed dieu kien hoan chinh nhiing tu tudng da hmh thanh trong thdi gian boat dpng d Phap.
De tuyan truyan ehu nghTa cgng san, Qude ta Cong san da xuat ban Tap ehi Qudc ti edng sdn va Tap san Thu tin qudc ti, bang nhieu thii tiang (Nga, Anh, Phap, Diie...). Cae ca quan ehinh tri, li luan nay da dang cae van kien ehinh thiic eiia Dai hdi, Hpi nghi Ban Chdp hanh, nhimg bai phat biau ciia eac nha lanh dao Qu6c t l Cgng san va eac nha li luan, de phan anh tuih hmh phong hao cdng san qu6c tl, chi dao va hudng ddn phong trao dau hanh, bao ve su trong sang eiia Chii nghTa Mac - Lenin, dau tranh ch6ng nhiing khuynh hudng eo hgi trong eac dang cgng san va cae dang xa hgi - dan ehu, ehong chii nghTa de quoe va nguy ca chien tranh phat xh, bao ve Lian X6... Cae an pham nay, nhdt la Tap san Thu lin qudc te, bang tiang Phap, da dugc bi mat giii ve Viet Nam hong nhung nam 1930-1936. Trong thdi ki Mat tran dan chu (1936-1939), eac tai lieu nay dugc bay ban edng khai tai eac hieu saeh ciia eac dang vian va nhirng ngudi co cam tinh vdi Dang Cdng san
Dong Ducmg.
Quan tam sau sdc din each mang Dong Duong, Qudc tl Cgng san da chi thi cho mpt so dang cdng san d chau Au dich ra tiang Viet va in mgt so tac phdm cua V.I.Lanin da ehuyen v l Viet Nam. Nhung sach bao hiyen huyan chu nghTa cgng san dugc dua vao Viet Nam qua hai eon dudng la Phap va Trung Qudc. Ngay nay, d Tiep Khde eon giir dugc ban dich Binh du tri
"td" khuynh trong phong trdo cgng sdn (nguyen ban) va eudn Tinh hinh thi gi&i vd nhimg nhiem vu cita cdc Phdn bg Qudc ti Cong sdn, do Dang Cgng san Tiep Khde thuc hien theo ehi thi eua Quoc te Cgng san liie dd"'.
- Quoc ti Cgng sdn giiip cdch mgng Ddng Duang ddo tgo cdn bd cho Ddng Cgng sdn Ddng Duong
Qude ta Cgng san cd he thdng cae trudng dao tao, boi dudng can bg ve li luan va kinh nghiem hoat ddng each mang. Trong dd, trudng Dai hpe Cong san ciia nhiing ngudi lao dgng phuang Ddng (ggi tat la Trudng Qude te phuang Ddng) chu yeu dao tao, bdi dudng kien thiic cho hpc vien den tii phuong Ddng, bao gdm cae nude phuang Dong X6 viat, eac dan tgc thugc dia va phu thugc. Nguyen Ai Qudc la ngudi Viet Nam dau tien hgc d hudng Dai hpc nay. Bh chudn bi dgi ngii can bd dupe dao tao li luan Mae - Lenm mdt each he thdng, tian tdi thanh lap ehinh dang Mac - Lemn d Viet Nam, Nguyin Ai Qudc da lien he, tac dpng nhd gui nhiing thanh nien Viet Nam uu tii sang Matxeava hge tap. Hg din ddt nude ciia VLLenin bdng hai con dudng: qua Phap va qua Tmng Qudc. Sau Nguyin Ai Qudc, la Nguyin Thi Rue (1925-1928), Ngo Due Tri (1926-1929), Biii Lam (1926-1928), Trdn Phii (1927-1929), Bui Cong Trimg (1927-1929), Ha Huy Tap (1929 - 1932)... S6 ngudi Viet Nam hgc d eae hudng cua Qu6e tl Cong san len din khoang 60 ngudi'^'. Ngoai ra, Nguyin Ai Qu6c cdn cir mdt so thanh nien Viet Nam, nhu Le Hdng Phong, Le Thiat Himg... y^o hoe Trudng Quan su Hoang Phd, co doan cd vdn quan su Lien X6 do Quoc te Cdng san phai den giang day
- Qudc te Cgng sdn giup nhimg nguoi cgng
Khoa hoc chinh tri - S6 2/2019
• Khinrnt-Sukien
71 5fln Vi^ Nam thing nhdt cde td chue cgng sdn;
A Bang Cgng sdn Dong Duang hogch dinh jt^ I6i, chiin luge ddu tranh, dac biet Id th&i Cliu nghia Mac-Lenin duac truyen ba vao trong Viet Nam da dua phong trao c6ng nhan phat trien tir tu phat len tu giac. Hgi Viet Nam CinM mifnS Thanh nien ra doi nam 1925, sau 46 i 03 tl chiic cong san: Dong Duong cong san Dang, An Nam cong san Dang va Dong Duong cong san Lien doan. Qua bao chi tii Dong Duong den, tu Phap sang, Quoc te Cong san thSy i^g: "Tmh hinh doi hoi phai lap ra gap mot Dang Cong san a Dong Duong" va "nhiem vii quan trong hon het va tuyet doi can kip cua tit ca nhflng nguoi cgng san Dong Duong la sang lap mot dang each mang ciia giai cap vo san..."*''. D4U nam 1930, khi do dang hoat d^ng 6 Thai Lan, vol tu each la dac phai vien ctia Qu5c te C6ng san co day du quyen quyet djuh mpi van de hen quan d6n phong trao each npg D6ng Duong, Nguyen Ai Qu6c triSu tap va chu tri hgi nghi thflng nhit eae t6 chirc cgng san thaiih Dang Cgng san Viet Nam. Hoi nghi h(ip nhat cae to chuc cgng san Viet Nam co y nglua nhu Dai hgi thanh lap Dang. Vol viec hgp nhit cae t6 chiic cgng san, ngay 3/2/1930 dugc ghi v4o Ijch sii la ngay chinh thuc ra doi Dang Cjng san Viet Nam (thang 10/1930, dugc dai ten la Bang Cgng san Dong Duong).
Duoi SB chi dao hue tiSp cua lanh tu Nguyin Ai Quoc, cae nghi quySt, chi thi, thong tri... cua Eji hpi, Hgi nghi Ban Ch4p hanh Quoc t l Cgng san fi dugc quan triet va la co scr giiip Dang Cgng san Dong Duong hoach dinh duong 16i, cMen lirgc, sach luge diu tranh, nhit la thoi kl 6ang moi ra doi. Khi cao trao each mang ca nude va X6 Via - Nghe Tmh (1930-1931) bi
*«, trong bi6n man, Qudc tk Cgng san da co
"liieu hanh dgng thiSt thuc giiip Dang Cgng
*>B6ng Duong giam thiSu ton thit, vugt qua
" f B thang ngay den t6i do, nhu: tao du luan 1»oc te iing hg phong hao each mang Dong
*m8, tmoc hit la ngan chan ban tay ke thu
^ ' 1 " * chiing yen nuoc Viet Nam, vach
h-an ban chit tan bao cua thuc dan Phap va tay sai; chithi cho eac Dang Cgng san Phap, Trung Quoc, An Do giiip Dang Cgng san Dong Duong khoi phuc ta ehiic va dS ra duong lai diu tranh phu hgp voi nhOng thang ngay bi khilng b6...
Dg thong bao cho phong trao cgng san qu6c ti biet den cugc tdng dien tgp ddu tien nay, tap chi cua Quic ti Cgng san da dang nhiiu bai, nhu
"Cugc khilng b i o Dang Duong va phong trao each tnang", "Dan ap a Dong Duong", "Tgi ac cua di quoc Phap o Dong Duong", "Ky niem
"tuan le mau" o Dong Duong", "Caeh mang Dong Duong dang lan rgng"... Thang 11/1931, Ban Chap hanh Quoc ti Cgng san da ra quyit dinh: cong nhan Dang Cgng san Dong Duong, truoc day la mgt chi bg thugc Dang Cgng san Phap, nay la chi bg true thugc Quie ti Cong san. Quyet dinh nay chinh thiic dugc thang qua tai Dai hgi VII ciia Quoc te Cgng san. Tiep do, Quoc te Cgng san con giiip nhiing ngucn cgng san Viet Nam thanh lap Ban lanh dao 6 nu6c ngoai, tien t6i Dai hgi lan thii nhiit ciia Dang (thang 3/1935). Thang 7/1936, tren co scr Nghi quyet Dai hgi VII Quae te Cgng san, Hgi nghi Trung ucmg VI mo rgng ciia Dang Cgng san Dang Ducmg da dieu chinh chien luge, quyet dinh thanh lap Mat tran nhan dan phan de Dong Duong, sau ggi la Mat tran dan chii Dong Duong. Tii nghi quyet lich su nay, cao hao dau tranh cho dan chu - euge long dien tap thir hai da diin ra sai noi o Viet Nam va Dang Duong (1936-1939).
Xet o chiiu ngugc lai, la mgt bg phan ciia each mang thi gidi, nhiing nguoi cgng san Viet Nam ciing co dong gop khang nho dai voi phong trao cgng san quie ti. Doi voi Quoc te Cgng san, vai trb ndi bat cua nhimg ngudi cgng sin Viet Nam duac thi hien;
Thic nhdt, "Nhiing thugc dia ciia Phap noi chung va Dang Duong noi neng it dugc biet den trong gioi vo san va cgng san. Quie te Cgng san va Dang Cgng san Phap rit it dugc thang tm ye nhirng gi xay ra o nhiing thugc dia do"""'. Quae ti Cong san biit rit it thong tin vi Dong Duong.
Vi vay, frong khoang thdi gian 1923-1940, khi
ljcchinhtri-S6 2/2019
72 ' Nhdn vat - SU kien dang lam viec tai Bd Phuang Dong, hoae hoat
ddng d cae nude, lanh tu Nguyen Ai Quoe da viet rat nhiau bao cao giri Quoc ta Cong san, cung cap mdt each phong phu nhiing thdng tin lieh su, chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa va xa hgi Dong Duong ndi rieng, cae thugc dia va nua thugc dia eua thuc dan Phap ndi chung. Day la kanh thong tin hat siic quan Upng va bo ieh giup Quoe ta Cong san nSm b^t dupe tinh hmh Dong Duong liie bay gid.
Thic hai. Nguyen Ai Qu6c da nhiau lan de nghi Quoe ta Cgng san va Dang Cdng san Phap quan tam dan vSn da thugc dia. Thuc te, nhieu Dang Cgng san chau Au thdi ki nay van ed thai do la la, thiau trach nhiem doi vdi each mang d eac nude thugc dia. Tuang tu. Dang Cdng san Phap cimg it quan tam tdi tinh hinh each mang d eac thudc dia cua Phap, trong do co eac nude Ddng Duong. Thang 7/1923, khi vua rdi nude Phap, Nguyan Ai Qudc da viet thu giri Trung uong Dang Cdng san Phap, pha bmh viec bd mue Thugc dia hen bao L'Humanite. Ngudi da nghi bao L Humanitem giu lai ehuyan muc nay, da nghi Dang Cgng san Phap dua van da thugc dia vao eac cupe mit tinh, hgi nghi cua dang, cii cae nghi sT di tham cae thudc dia...
La mpt can bg eiia Qude te Cgng san, Nguyen Ai Qudc da no luc tac dgng nham hudng Qudc te Cong san va cae dang cgng san chau Au - bang nhiing ka hoaeh hanh dgng eu the, quan tam va giup do nhieu hon each mang thupc dia.
Nghien cuu Phdt biiu tgi Hgi nghi Idn thic nhat Qudc te Ndng ddn, phdt bieu tgi phien hgp thic bdy hdi nghi Idn thu nhdt Qudc te Ndng ddn (thang 10/1923), phdt biiu tgi phien hgp thii 8, thii 22 vd thic 25 Dgi hdi V Qudc te Cong sdn (thang 6-7/1924), tham ludn tgi Dgi hdi Idn thii III Qude te Cong hgi do (nam 1924)...
ciia Nguyan Ai Qudc, eiing nhu eac tham luan ciia dai bieu Viet Nam khac nhu: Nguyen Van Tao tai Dai hdi VI (thang 7 - 9/1928), Le H6ng Phong, Hoang Van Non, Nguyin Thi Mmh Khai tai Dai hgi Vll (thang 7- 8/1935) Quoe te Cdng san, da cho thay ro dieu nay.
Trong qua trinh hoat dgng, Quoc te Cong
san khdng hanh khoi nhiing han ehe, sai lam, tuy nhien, khdng tha phu nhan nhirng dong gdp vd cung to Idn cua Qudc te Cdng san doi vdi phong trao cdng san qude ta noi ehung, phong trao each mang eac nude dan tdc thugc dia ndi rieng.
100 nam da qua ka tir khi Quoc te Cdng san ra ddi, the gidi da ed nhiau doi thay. Sau nhihig bian ed chmh hi cudi nhiing nam 80 dau nhiing nam 90 tha ki XX d Lian Xd va eac nude Dong Au, phong trao cgng san qudc te lam vao khiing hoang hat sire nang nh. Tuy chua hoan toan thoat khoi thdi ki khimg hoang thoai hao va cdn diing trude nhieu khd khan thach thiic, nhung phong trao cdng san qude ta nhimg nam gSn day da co dau hieu phuc hdi va eo nhimg budc phat trian mdi. Hon 130 dang cdng san, cong nhan vdi khoang 95 trieu dang vien tai hau hat eac nude han the gidi van la lire lugng chinh tri qudc ta to Idn hien nay. Lich sir chi thuc su cd y nghia khi nd gdp phan giai quyat nhiing van de dat ra cua ngay hdm nay. Nghien cuu nhiing thanh edng va han che cua Quoc te Cgng san, chac chan se diic ket nen nhieu bai hgc kinh nghiem quy bau eho cugc dau tranh hien nay ciia eae dang edng san va canh ta vi eae mue tieu cua thdi dai: hda binh, ddc lap dan toe, dan chu va tian bd xa hdiQ
'" VLLenin, Todn tap, tap 39, Nha xvAt ban Tidn bp, M, 1977, tr.ll5, 116
'" VI Lenin, Sdd. tap 38,, tr.363
'^*H6 Chi Minh, Todnigp,t^p 12, Nha xuSt ban Chinh tri quoc gia, HaNoi, 2011,ir.561-562
"' Dang Xuan Ky (chii bien), H6 Chi Minh - Bien nien lieu sd- (1890 -1929), Nha xuit ban Chinh tri qu6c gia.
Ha Noi, 2005 "^ ^ w, ,7). ,.1 Xem: Nguyin Thanh, Qudc ti Cong sdn v&i vdn de dan toe va thuoc dia. Nha xu4t ban Chinh tn qudc gia HaNpi,2011,tr.47,197- 198va 194 ' ^ ^ " o c g i a , (6h.(io) H6 Chi Minh, Sdd. tap 1, tr.47 va 273
'"' Xem- Tap chi Tuyen giao, S6 7/2008, tr.l9
Khoa hpc chinh th - S6 2/2019
