H VAN BE OUMI TAM
QUY HOACH CHIEU SANG DO TH!
DIEU CAN H O A N T H I E N
B TSKTS TRLX>IC VAN QUANG
N^jyen yien ph6 - ViCn Quy hoadi do thj v& nOng ihOn qu(5c gia (VIUP) - BO XSy dgng
Chi^u sdng dd thi khdng chi ddm bao an nir^ an todn giao thdng mdcon gop phan cai thien hudng tcii gid tn t h ^ my dd tht l^m thay ddi sau sScWnh^nhcitaddthkChAiudrtg tien nghi do thj duoc nang cao cung nhd mOtphSnddii^ sang dd thj. Trudc cSc yeu cSuv^^dOvdchSt luong do thi hoa, cdng tac quy hoach chi&j sdng dd thj \ f i ^ Nam c3n diidct^Jan tam ddi nrxS toan di^n, (fee biet iToan thien tot he thdng tie^
quy ho^ch chidu sang dd th|.
QUY HOACH CHI&J SANC OO THI HI^N NAY
Chidu sang do ttn (CSDT) khflng chi dam bao an ninh, an tisan giao ttifing ma con gop Frfian cai thifin hir^ anh do ttii, hudng bji gia tn i h ^ mT. lam ttiay ddi sau sac hinh ar^
cua dfi thi. Chidu sang dd thi, tiong do cb nghfe ttiuat chidu sang dfi Ihi ludn gdn lidn vbi lich sCi phal t r i ^ cua dd ihj. ChS luong dfi thi dypc nang cao cQng nhd mflt phdn vao tifiu dti chdl kjpng chidu sang dO ihi.
Ngay nay. chidu sang dfi Ihl dang cd xu hudng dupc chtnh quyfen cac dd thi dac bifit quan tam nhSm dam bao an ninh, an loan, bdt kigm nang hjong, gop phdn tgo ra sy khac bifit, hap dSn, lam tang Itifim gia tn ihuong hifiu, hinh ^ i h mang tinh bidu lupng cCia cac dd Ihl frong phgm vi toan cSu. Nghfi thugt diidu sang dd ttii d cac Ihanh phd nhu NewYork, Paris. Lxindon. Thuong Ha. H&ng Kflng. Singapore... da dat Idi trinh dfi dinh eao. Nd khflng nhl>ig lam tang thfim vd dep, chat kJpng, thuong hifiu cho cac thanh phd nay ma cdn mang lai cho nguoi dc^ noi day CO hfei phat tiidn kinh Id. nidm ty hao dan too, khoi ddy ngudn lyc sdng hudng toi ngev mai tiJOi sang hon... (Vi dy TP.Neon (Phap) nude nam 1989 la mOt dO Ihi budn te. Sau kN CO quy hogch chidu sang, thanh phd dd trd Ifin sdng dpng. mgnh me tro thanh mpt Irong hai Ihanh phd phat tiidn nhat ciia Ph£^
vaia mpt trong nhQng t»du tuong ttianh phd cua Id hfei anh sang, di diu trong Iinh vyc cNdu sang, nghifin cuu vfe chidu sang).
Trong Oibi gian qua, eiJng vdi qua trinh CNH - HDH ddt nudc, ldc dd dd Ihi hda cOa nuoc ta eung ngay cang tang nhanh. hfi
thdng dd Ihi qudc gia dupc quan tam dfiu tu phat tridn ca vfe sd kJpng va chat iuong, Nhifeu dd Itu, difem dan cu nOng thon. nhifiu ktuj cdng nghifip, khu kinh td. du hen. ket cdu ha Sng.. da dupc quy hoacn. dau tu xay dyng mbi, tioac cai tgo mo rfeng dd dap 1 ^ nhu cdu phat tridn ma cua dat nudc Nam 1998, ti' Ifi dp thi hda mdi dat khoang 24%. nam 2009 la 29,6%, nam 20-12 la 31 %.
nhung nSm 2014 da tang Ifin fr-fin 33%. Hfi thdng ha Sng xa hpi, ha tSng kl Ihuat do ttii, kd ca khu vyc nfing thOn duoc quan tam dSu tu xay dyng itieo hudng dOr.g bo, hten dai Nhin dXFig. difin mao k i ^ InJc, do thi.
nfing thfin Vifit Nam da eb nhifeu thay doi ttieo hudng hifin da, da sde...
Cung vdi sy gia tang tde dp, chat luong do ttii hda. cOng tae quy hogch, chieu sang dfl ttil Vifit Nam cQng dupc quan tam nhifiu hon CacdflthilbnnhuThuddHarjpi.TPHo ChiMinh,DaNang,Hud.MiaTrang.. dacb dupc met canh quan kidn true dfi ttii lung linh vd dfim, dge bifit hdp dSn tirong nhCing dip Id hpi, sy kifin. xuan vd... Ddlam duoe viec nay. thdi giai qua, Vifit Nam db ban hanh nhidu quy dmh l i ^ quan ddn chifiu sang dfl ttii (CSDT) nhu Nghi dinh sd 79/2009/
NDCP ngay 28iTO/2009 eua Ch-h phO ve quan ly CSOT. Quydt dinh sd 18"- >Z-~5 ngay 11/1(V2010 cua TTnj tudng ' , " , : - phfi duyfit dinh hudng phat tiidn CSDT Vifit Nam ddn nam 2025, ThOng tu hudng dSn vdCSOT.,
Mpt sd chuyfin gia cho rang quy hoaeh CSDT (Nhdt la chidu sang cflng epng, ehi&j sang cflng eflng cd linh nghfi thufil) 6 Vifit Nam hifin ft duoc quan tam, dOi khi trong mC«
vai su ken la tao su lang phf ktiOng daig CO Kmh nghiem b Ptiap cho ttidy. quy hoach CSDT gom cb (1) Quy hoaeh CSDT tdng ttife. (2) Quy hoach CaDT chi tifit va cac quy chd ve quan ty chidu sang Nhung 6 ViSt Nam, vific lap quy hoach CSOT tdng ttifi ctxi nhieu khd khfin Nguyen nhan la do su phuc lap cua bfi ttidng chifiu sang, cua vific eung cap den va ciu true do ttii ttiifiu dflng nhat cung se doi hbi nhieu thdi gian dd thuc hien, va nhai la vSn con ttiidu cac huong d^n ve tieu chudn quy chuan so vo yfiu cau friuc tifen phat tiidn do thi
Vific Cham tie lap quy hoach chieu sang se ddn ddn vific gia tang su Wib ki&n soa:
ctudu sang tu nhgn frong ktiflng gian dO fr^
dgc bifit la chidu sang thuong mai, quang cao va nghe ttiuat, 0 nhifem chifeu sang va su iang phi nang luong vi ttife se nghifim frong hon. Vi vay, quy hoaeh CSDT dii tifit CO ttid la lua chon phu hop ddi voi cac dO ttil Vtel Nam hten nay, nhat la frong b6 canh tiiieu cac chuyfin gia Irong nuoc Ofi thuc hifin Quy hoach CSDT chi tidt mang tinh cue bfl, khu vuc, tap tiung vao trong tarn, frpng didm nhu chieu sang cac khu vyc (rung tam, quang truong. cac cOng tiinh la didm nhin.
nghe thua: -.ang mh pifej tuong, c-.:,a dfi
dan va cac nha ddu tu vd tinh hifiu qua cua chiih sach ctvdu sar>g dfi Ihi
Tuy nhifin. hifin nay can eii vao eac van ban qu dfrtfi (Luat Nghi dinh. ThOng ttJ..) theo qw hogch CSOT ma chi duoe cfe c&p nhu la mOt nOi dung trong quy hogch cap difin 06 at Cac dd an Quy hoaeh chmg
^^^.f,.. —^^^s^v^p^^ ^ •
— • i i. < • " ^ t T 0 ^ ^ • H * -^Hh^
rl^^^!^:-
h pho Da Nlng ve dem dd Ihl hdu nhu it quai tam ddn vdn dd CSDT hoac ndu cb cQng rat so bfi Trong cac dd an QQy hoach phfin khu (QHPK), Quy hoach chi tidt (QHCT) theo quy hoach CSOT cung chi quan tfim chd ydu ddn chidu sang giao IhOng Bdi vay, theo cac quy dinh hifin nay, quy hogch CSDT cCia Vifit Nam khflng phai la quy hoach CSDT ldng thd bdi vi nb doi hdi cac tfnh loan, dy toan ldng mQc dfeu lu, xac dinh ngudn vdn thyc hifin Nb cQng khflng phai la qQy hogch CSOT chi tidt bdi vl nd baofriJm chifiQ s ^ g CQa loan bfe thanh phd. Ngoai ra, dpi ngij ky thQfit vifin anh sang, nha thidt kd anh sang cda Vifit Nam cung thidu va yfi'u.
Vific dao tgo vd chidu sang mdi ch! gidi hgn trong (fnh vyc ky thufit cho cac ky su difin trong khi chidu sang hifin nay dbi hbi tfnh ky ttiugt, eOng nghfe va thdm mT cao
Do hgn chd Irong nhan thQc nfin dfii khi cb ngQdi nghT rSng cQ cb chidu sang la tgo duoc hinh anh dn tupng. Thuc td khflng phai vfiy, ndu khflng dupc nghifin cUu ky cang.
_ thldu quy hogch dbng bp giQa CSDT va
^ cudc canh franh hg Sng dd ttii khac cung i d&i ddn finh trgng xay dyng chbng chdo,
™- Ifen xfln, khdng dap ing dupe cae yfiu cau S" Chung vfe ky thugt, dfeng thoi gfiy lang phf,
^ mdt my quan. se ehi gay sy ttidl vpng
•§ va tiSn k6n. Mdi dfl ttii ddu cd eac ydu Id c van hda Iich sCf rifing, ddc didm didu kifin l l ty nhi?n, hinh ttiai cdu tiuc. kidn tiuc e ^ h
quan va ddu in dfl thi rifing.. Bfin canh do nang luong cho CSDT chifem tbi hon 50%
n&ig luong tifiu thu cCia mflt dfi thi Vi vfiy.
CSDT ngoai nhOng nhu cdu edn ttiidt eCia dfl thj, yfi'u Id kl ttiuat, kinh td... edn phai Ikn ndi bgt, ton vinh eae dgc diOT ndi ti'pi dy, gQp phSn tgo dyng hinh anh dO ttii, ttiuc ddy sy phal tndn kmh id, van hba, xb hfii chung cQa do till Chi'nh quyfen dfi thi cfen phai cb nhan thQc dQng, nghifin CQQ xay dung ehidn IQOC, lap quy hoach vd CSDT. noi nao cdn chifiu sang, khi nao cfin chidu sang, chidu sang nhu ttifi nao va vbi gia ttianh hop ly tdt nhdt dfe dam bao dat hifiu qua cao va tidt kifim nang lupng.
HOAN THIEN H^ TH6NG TI^U CHI QUY HOACH CHlfU SANG DO THI
Di nang eao chdt iuong dfi thi hba va phal tndn dfl ttii t)dn vQng Si Vifit Nam, trong Qoydt dinh eua Thi!i tudng Chi'nh phd (sd 445/QD-TTg, ngay 07/4/2009) phfi duyfit "Oldu chinh dmh hudng quy hogch tdng ttid phal tiidn hfi thflng dfi Ihi Vifit Nam ddn nam 2025 vaiSm nhin ddn nam 2050", da xac dmh mue lifiu chi&i luoc phat tiidn hfi ttidng dfl Ihi qudc gia la: "TUng budc xfiy dyng hogn ehinh hfi ttidng dfi ttii Vifit Nam phat tiidn theo mO hinh mgng ludi dd thi;
cb CO sb hg Sng kT thugt, xa hfii phu hop, dbng bO, hifin dai; cb ma tmdng va chdl lupng sdng dfl ttii Idt; eb nfen kidn trQc dd
till tifen tidn, giau ban sac, cb mdl quan hfi va VI thd xUng dang, cb tfnh canh tt'anh cao frong phat tndn kmh tfe, xa hfii qudc gia, khu VQC va qudc Id, gdp phdn thpc hign tfit hai nhifim vy chidn lupc la xfiy dung xa hfii chO nghTa va bao vfi id qudc".
Trfin CO sb dd, dd gop phSn nfing cao chdl luong dfl ttii hoa va phat tiidn dfl ttii bfen VQng ta Vifit Nam, Thij tudng da cb quydt dmh sd 1874/QD-TTg phfi duyfit Dmh hudng phat tndn chifeu sang dO ttii Vifit Nam ddn nam 2025 vdi muc tifiu va eac chi sd phal tiidn cy thd Phat fridn chidu sang dfi Ihl phai dam bao gdn lifen vdi phat tiidn dd thi, gdp phdn thQc d^y tang tiudng kinh id.
cai thifen, nang cao chdl luong cufic sdng va bao dam van minh dfi ttii Tidp tiJC nfing cao chdl luong chidu sang dO till dam bao 100%
cac cflng tiinh giao ttiflng, ktifing gian cflng cflng va quang cao tei eac dfi ttii (bao gbm xay mdl, cai tgo, nang cdp) si!i dyng eac san phdm chifeu sang hifiu sudt eao, tidt kifen difin, frong dd phSn ddu tiJ 30% dfen 50%
cac c&ig tiinh sQ dyng den nang lupng nnfit frbi dat lifiu c h u ^ Ddi vbi cae dfi ttii ioai dae bifit, ioai I chidu sang cac logi dubng phd dat t^ Ifi 100% chifeu dai dubng. Ddi vbi cae dfi till loai II, loai HI chifeu sang dudng phd dat 100% ehifeu dai dubng phd ehinh e ^ do ttil, 95% chifeu dai dubng phd edp khu vyc, phdn ddu nfeng ly Ifi chidu sang ngo, xbm (cd chidu rflng IQ 2m Iro Ifin) dat 80 -
K 3 VAN BE QUAH TAW
Dd d m bMcQng tac CSDT Cd Neu quS, t i f t kiSm, nang cao d i f t lupng sdng do thi, trong thdi giai qua, h$ thdng hSnh lang phap V phuc vu cdng t ^ quy hoach 1 ^ q u ^ 1^ CSDTite dudc tap t r i n g nghten a3u vS ban hanh c ^ hudng d 3 a Dd d ^ dng
nhu c3u phat trien dd t h trong giai doan tdi, ( ^ biet d ^ Ong dUdc c ^ y€u c ^ thix tien hudng ddn cac gia tn tien ngN, an t o ^ \ ^ p h ^ tridn b ^ vOng, ben canh viec
r^ s o ^ cac he thong c ^ Nght dinh, Thdng tuhudng dSn (^ng t ^ qu^n l^v^ quy hogch C50T, r a c^n cSn ra s o ^ lai mot sd TCVN trong Inh vuc CSDT da cd, dong thdi n ^ i e n cdu xay dung bd sung them mOt sdTCVN mdl
85% d^dQ dai duong. Ddi vdi eac dfl ttu loai IV, loai V: chi& sang dubng phd dat tJ' Ifi 85 - 90% chidu dai eae tijydn dudng phd chrti dfl Ihl va di£)ng phd khu vuc; phdn ddu nfing
^ Ifi chidu sang ngp, xdm (cb c^iifeu rfeng tiJ 2m frd Ifen) dat 75% chifeu da duong Xdy d i ^ cac tiuig iam difeu k h i ^ chidu sang eflng cflng cho eae dfl Ihi loai Itl va loai IV.
H o ^ ttianh vific hg n ^ m loan bfl dudng day cap difin cNdu sang tai eae dfl ttn
Trude mdt ddi vdi eae dfl thj kxi nhu Thil dfl Ha Nfli. TP.Hb Chf Mmh, Oa N5ng, Hud, h#ia Trang... can thidt phai tidn khai (1) Quy hoach CSDT tdng Ihd, (2) Quy hogch CSDT chi tidt va eac quy ehd vfe q u ^ ly chidu sang lam co sd dd ttiyc hifen hifiu qua quyS dinh sd 1874/QE)-TTg eua Thii tiJbng Chi'nh phii Chlng hgn, dd gop phan xdy dung Thil dfl Ha Nfei ngan nSm van hidn - Thanh phd vi hda birtfi, Thu do eiia Vifet Nam "Xanh - van hidn - van minh - Hifin dgi" theo Quy hoaeh chung Thu dfl Ha Nfli ddn nam 2030, Sm nhin ddn nam 2050 da dupe Thii hJdng Chfnh phu phfi duyfit (00 sd 1259/Qt>TTg ngay 26/7/2011), bfin canh eac eflng vifie cb lifin quan c ^ tiidn khai thye hifin nhu hoaeh dinh eac khu vye phat tndn dfl thi, quy hogch phfin khu. quy hogch ehi bdt, quy hogeh chuyfin nganh hgting kilhu^
nhu qui hogch phat tidn giao thflng, difin nube. . cflng tae quy hogch ctvfeu sang dfl ttill-la Npi phai mang tvih fijng Ihd, nhdt la khu vyc npi dfi, lich sil cOng c^n phai dupc dgc bifet quan iam ^ Nghfi thudt c h i ^ sang do thi nhSm iang ttifim gia tl, thh bidu tupng hao hoa, iinh thifing va eo hfei tang tnjdng kinh ^ eiia thanh phd ngan nam tijdi nay
Bao gbm Ngrt dinh vd CSDT nhu Nghi dmh sd 79/200aN£>CP ngay 28*09/2009 cua Chrih phu vfe quan ly chidu sang dd ti (CSOT). Quydl dir*i s6 1874/OE)-TTg n g ^ 11/10^10 cua Thu hJbng Chinh phii phfe duydt dinh hudng phal fridn CSOT Vifit Nam ddn nfim 2 ( ^ , Thfing tij hudng ddn vfe CSDT.... TCXDVN vfe CSOT nhu, TCXDVN 333:2005Oiidu s ^ nhan tgo bdn ngoai cac cdng tinh cdng cCng va hS Ihuat ha tdng do Ih/Tifiu chuii thidt kfe, TCVN 4400-1987- Kithuai chidu sang/riiuat nga va Dnh n g r ^ TCVN 2S&2001 Tifeu c h u ^ ki thugt chidu
sang nhan tao dudng phd, quang tiudng dd Ih, 11 TCVN 18: 1984 - Quy pham Irang bj dfen ( P t ^ 1, 2), TCVN 5828: 1994 - Den dtiiu sang dudng phc/yfiu c ^ kl ttmat.
TCVN 4086: 1985- Quy pham an loan luai difen frong xay dung, TCVN 4756 1989- Qii pham n6 d ^ va ndi khOng cac ttiidt bi (Sfin... va cac tifiu chudn Vifit nam cb lifin quan khac... <^n day n h ^ ngay 22/7/2015 HOl ddng KHKT chuyfen ngaih BO xay dyng da td chile ngNfim ttiu cac kdt qua cua Dfe tai 'Bifin soan sd tay hudng dSn quy hogch ctwdu sang dfl till" do Cflng ty Cd p t ^ UJ vdn eflng nghfi, thidt bi \ra kidm rfrih xay dyng (CQNINCO) ttiuc hudng d i l ttiidt kd quy hoach chidu sang dfl tt ttiidt kd chidu sang duong phd, ttiidt kd d n ^ s ^ cdc khu vuc chQc nang Irong dfl ttii, ttiidt kd chidu sang cflng tiinh dac bifit tiong dfl lh|; hiiDng ddn ttudt kd chidu sang- thidt kd chidu sang cho iS) an quy hoadi dfl thi, thidi kd diidu sang cho dd an Ihidt 1^ dfl till hifin va se som F^iat hanh rfing rai tiong ttidi gian \ai.
Di dap Qng nhu cfeu phat tiidn dfi thj tmng giai doan ti3i, dac bifit dap Qng dupc cac yfiu cfeu thuc tidn huong d ^ cac gia bi tifin nghi, an loan va phat Irifen bfen vOng, bfin canh vific ra soal cac hfi thdng cae Nghi dinh, Thflng tiJ tiudng din cflng tae quan ly va quy tioach CSDT. fdt can can ra soal lgi mot sd TCVN trong frnh vuc CSDT da cd. c^ng Ihdi nghifin ci3u xay dyng bd sung thfim mpt sd TCVN mbi. Don a i , ddi va TCXDVN 333:2005/Chidu sang nhfln lao t)6n ngoai cac cflng tirtfi cflng cfeng va ki ttiuat ha Sng dO ttii - Tifiu c h u ^ thidt kd (QD sdO8^0O5QD -BXD)daduoc ap dung gdn 10 nam nay. Bfl Xfiy dung cdn Idy y Wfen phSn hdi Ui eac dia phupng, cac ddi tJpng ap dung. . dfe dartti gia mdl each khach quan nhQng eai dope e^n F^iat huy, nhQng Ifln tai cdn khac phuc difeu chinh cho tdt hon, phu hop vdi ttuie tidn hon... Vfl*,! nhu yfiu eau ki thufil diidu sang eae cflng Irinh do thj (Didm dd giao thfing cflng cflng ngoai tidi, e h i ^ sang dudng c ^ , duong t^m danh cho n^idi di bfl) can luj y ttifim yfiu cau kl Oiuai c h i ^ sang cac not gao IhOng ldn. cac nut giao thfing khac dS. eac fryc dubng dSn vao san tiay, tidn cang frong dfl thi
Ddi VOI ttiifel kfe chi&j sang cac cflng ttinh didm nhdn nhu COng frinh k i ^ ttuc - Tupng dai • Oai phun nudc ., cSn nghifin cQu bd sung thfim hfe ttidng cac tifiu chi id ttiuat chifiu sang cac Cflng binh kifen bijc la didm nhdn. cd tirtfi bidu tjong irong dfl tfn Vi dy nCM dung Bang 12 vd tifiu dHJ^ chidu sang k i ^ true, mac du cb luu y b3i vat lifiu bd mat kidn tiijc cflng trir^ ta kmh va yfiu edu do ehbi eua nfen iSy bi sd kin hon Scd/
m2 nhung phai IIAJ y ttifim k)ai kinh/ching logi, mau s ^ ki'nh dd co each lya chpn cho phij hpp . Phu luc 5/Phuong phap cNdu sang kidn ttuc/phfen minh hpa liidng nfin sQ dung loai mat cat duong nhu la eua cfing ttinh ton giao (Mat cat ( ^ cd tinh khai quat, ki ttiuat hon). Phy lyc 7/Phuong phap bd fri' chidu sang mflt sd eflng tiinh TDTT ngoai froi. nfin eb ttifim mmh hoa cae mgt cdt ngang, dpc... eita cflng binh (Chi cb mgt pang cflng ttinh la chua du . ).
Vfe xay dyng nnbi, dfe b6 sung bfl TCVN frong finh vyc C ^ T cSn quan tam ddn cap ritiai cac nOi dung TCVN vfe chidu sang nghfi thuat ttong dfl lhi, TCWJ trong chidu sang eflng ttinh ngSm dfl flii. TCVN vd chidu sang trong quang cao tai dO th), TCVN vfi tidt kifem nang lucng, an ti)an ttong CSOT. .
KfTLUAN
Chidu sang hifin nay khflng dti rtfiSm vao an nhh an loan ma nd con hudng tdi gia ttl t h ^ nny, khdng khi dfl ttij va tifen nghi lhi giac. eung nhu lam thay dA sfeu s ^ hmh anh cua dfl ttii. Vi vay, mOt thanh phd dupc chidu sang tdt se thoa man nguoi dan dd ttij, lao ra va ti'd ttiar*i mfet y&i td quang ba hmh anh dO ttii cRsng ttidi gdp phSn vao sy phat bidn bfen vOng, CSfeu nay ddi hbi chfnh quy hoach dfl thi phsa xac lap rd cac dinh huong ngay tQ ban (fiu chidn lupc quy hoach ha ldng chidu sang dfl lhi ttieo yfiu c^u ttuc tidn bat d ^ tJ cdng lac hoan ttiifin hfi ttidng tifiu c h u ^ quy ehuAi CSOT hifin hartfi Iheo cac tifiu chi; noi nao can. khi nao cSn. c h i ^ sang nhu ttid nao va VOI gia ttianh tdt n h ^ franh dupc lang phi' va finh frang fl nhifim anh sang /
UUS
