PETROVIETNAM
r-^- - er
GIAI P H A P C O N G NGHE GIAN KHOAN TIEP TRO KHOAN KHAI T H A C D A U KHI CHO VUNG NUOC SAU TAI VIET NAM
KS. Hoang Thanh Tilng', KS. Trjnh Van Lam\ ThS. TrUtf ng Hoai Nam^
'Cong tyTNHH MTV Khoan Dau khi nudc sau PVD 'Tdp doan Dau khi Viet Nam
[email protected] vn Tom t i t
Bdi bdo gidi thieu tinh hlnh Ang dung cdc cdng nghe thi cdng gieng khoan tren thi gidi hien nay cho khu vUc nUdc sdu, trong dd phdn tich Uu, nhuac diim cOa cdng nghe ddu gieng khd (dry tree) vd ddu gieng chim (wet tree);
khd ndng dp dung, iUa chon cdng nghe gian khoan phu hap vdi dac diem khu vUc nUdc sdu them luc dja Viet Nam.
DUa tren cdc thdng tin dja chdt, kinh nghiem khoan cho cdc khu vUc nudc sdu, nhdm tdc gid dexudt svt dung cdng nghe gian khoan tiip tra (Tender Assist Drilling - TAD) cho viec khoan pbdt trien md tai viing nUdc sdu den 1.830m them luc dja Viet Nam.
Tdkhda: Cong nghi ddu gieng, gian khoan nudc sdu, gidiphdp cong nghe gidn khoon, cong nghe gian TAD.
1. Gidi t h i e u
Tinh den thdi diem 31/12/2013, Tap doan Dau khf Vilt Nam da khIo sat tren 500.000km tuyen dja chan 2D va ~55.000km' dia chan 3D; khoan 1.286 gieng tim k i l m tham dd, t h I m luong, bdm ep, khai thac tren them luc dia va dat lien Viet Nam [1]. Cac b l tram tfch tiem nang d V i l t Nam d I u dUde khoan tim kiem tham dd va khai thac, tap trung nhieu nhat d be Cdu Long vdi 895 gieng, b l Nam Cdn Sdn 185 gieng, be Sdng Hdng 118 gieng, be Malay - Thd Chu 79 gieng, cac be t r i m tfch cdn lai nhU Phii Khanh, TuChfnh - Vung May 9 gieng.Tuy nhien, cac hoat ddng nay ehii y l u tap trung tai cac vung cd mUc nude bien ndng va d 1/3 dien tfch lye dja da ky hpp dong d I u khi (mUc nude dudi 200m), tiem nang dau khiehUa dupc phat hien cdn lai d khu vUe nUdc sau rat Idn. Bay vda la cd hpi, vda la thach thUc cho hoat ddng tham dd dau khi trong tuong lai,
Vdi thue te va nhu eau phat trien ciia nganh cdng nghiep d I u khf Viet Nam, can nghien cdu dng dung cac giai phap khoan tim kiem, tham dd va khai thac dau khi phii hpp vdi dieu kiln cy the ciia tdng md va tdng khu vUc; song song vdi viec dau t u phat trien dpi ngu gian khoan de t u ehii v l edng nghe va thiet bL dam bao an ninh nang tuong va chii quyen qude gia.Trong dd, viec nghien edu dng dung cdng nghe h6 tra khoan khai thac cho viing nude sau tai Viet Nam se gdp p h l n nang cao hieu qua kinh te, ky thuat,..
2. Cong nghe t h i cong dau gieng cho k h u vUc niidc sau t r l n t h e g i d i
Tai cac viing nude sau, edng nghe thi cdng d I u gieng khd (dry tree) va dau gieng chim (wet tree) dupc can
Bang 1. Phdn loai nudc sau cua cdc be tram tich tiem nang ngoai khai Viet Nam [1]
Ten bS t r i m tich Be Phu Khanh Be Cilu Long Be Nam Cdn Son Be M a l a y - T h o Chu Be T u Chfnh - Vung May Be Hoang Sa - TrUcfng Sa
(m) 200 - 2.500
den 1.500 d ^ n 1.500 den 130 1.500-3 000
t r e n 3.000
Dien tier (km") ' 57,000
• 55,600 60,000 85,000 95,000
Nhdm be S e Nam Con San " ^ ' " ^ 9 ^^
Hinh 1. Bdn docdcbetrdm tich Viet Nam DAURHI-SO 11/2014 57
equaling kh6
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Hinh 2. Minh hoa cau Udc ve ddu gieng kho vd ddu gieng chim (2]
I
Bing 2. Mot sd yeu tdthid net va cbieu sdu nudc bien dnh hudng den viic chon cdng nghi ddu gieng
~1
Dieu kien Chieu sau nUtfc bien thai tiet < 1.500m > 1.500m Song gio Bau gieng kho: Spar.TLP Dau gieng kho: Spar khIc nghiet/ Oau gieng khd' Spar, TIP, Dau gieng chim: Spar, Semi, loc xoay ppso, Semi FPSO (Dis-connectable) Sdng gio 6 Dau gieng kho: Spar, TLP Dau^gieng khd: Spar, TLP ' binh^^""^ ^^"9'^"9^^"'"^-^^^'^'^^"^' ^^"^'^"^chim:FPSO,Semij
Hinh 3. (a) Cau tnk via san phm dong "Powio shape"dung cdng nghe ddu gieng tho; (bj Cou true via sdn phdm dang bdnh da "Pan calte' diing cong nghe ddu gieng diim; (c) Huang l<hai thdc vai sdlugng gieng tap trung tnic tiep ddng dng Riser co gidn, ddu gieng kho, (d) Giaig kbai thoc ddn tiai gom bSng cdc dng man, ddu gieng diim.
nhac, quyet djnh lua ehon lien quan tdi y tUdng (concept) lua ehpn cdng nghe gian khoan tien hanh cdng tac khoan phu hop. Be dat hieu qui kinh te cao nhIt, viec lUa chon cdng nghe gian khoan c l n tinh den cac yeu td sau [2]:
Thi cdng d I u g i l n g khd cd h i l u q u i eao va dang tin eay hdn so vdi ky t h u l t thi cdng dIu gieng chim, han che riil ro khf ndng, kilm solt g i l n g khoan de dang hdn.
- Thi cdng dau gieng ehlm phdc tap, mat n h i l u thdi gian, chi phi cao, khd khan trong qua trinh sda chCfa gieng sau thdi gian dUa vao khai thac (kha nang phai dimg s i n xuat de phuc vu cho cdng tac kiem tra b i o tri), ehi phf dau tu dii han cao hdn nhieu so vdl cdng nghe thi cdng dau gieng khd, dac biet d cac md cd trd lupng tiS trung binh den Idn, md khai thac lau dai....
Tuy nhien, viec quyet dinh lUa ehpn edng nghe dau gieng khd hay d I u gieng ehlm phu thudc vao nhieu y l u to trong dd cd dieu kiln thdi t i l t va mUc nudc theo kinh n g h i l m thi edng thife t l tren t h i gidi (Bang 2).
Ngoai ra, cau true via s i n pham cung quyet dinh viec lUa ehpn cdng ngh^ dau gieng ehim hay d I u g i l n g khd. Ddi vdi via s i n pham ed chilu day hieu dung, bien dang via tdt vile tap trung elc dau gieng khai t h I c se dem lai he sd thu hdi dau cao va dieu kien dja chat khu vUe cho phep, do do nen ehpn edng nghe dau g i l n g khd. Doi vdi cac via s i n p h I m cd c h i l u day hieu dung nhd, bien dang dan trai nen sif dyng cdng ngh^ dIu gieng chim (Hlnh 3).
Ngoai cac yeu t d kha thi ve mat ky thult, viec quyet djnh lya chon cdng nghe dau gieng khd hay d I u gieng chim cdn phy thudc vao yeu td kinh te. Viec do ludng va tinh toan h l l u q u i kinh t l gdm nhieu yeu t d phdc tap khIc d l cd the dem lai hieu q u i dau tU cao. Hdi t h I o edng nghe bilfi d Brazil nam 2013 da so sinh chi phf l i l n quan tdi v i l e lya ehpn cdng n g h i d^u g i l n g khd hay dau g i l n g ehlm (Bing 3) [3].
Hien nay, cd 6 loai gian nUdc sau vdi cdng nghe da dupe kiem chUng thdng qua viec Ip dyng tren toan the gidi [6];
FPSOs sddung cong ngh& dau gieng ch'im.
FPSO la dang tau/kho noi chda dau, trong dd elc 58 DAUKHI-SO 11/2014
PETROVIETNAM
Bdng 3. So sdnh chi phi khdi qudtgiSo vik luo chon cdng nghe ddu gieng khd vdi dau gieng chim Irong viec phdt tnen md [31 Dau g i ^ n g k h d Chi phikhoan
Chi phi dau t u thiet bi (CAPEX) Tfnh linh hoat trong phat t n i n Khi nang ket noi vdi gian dau gieng va co cau cang ciia dng dUng
Ket cau, vd va khoi thuong t i n g Tinh iinh hoat cho cong viec l i p dat ngoai bien
Dau gieng chim Cao, p h l i yeu cau gian khoan chuyen dung
Thap, kich thudc nho gon/ket cau gian dau gieng don gian Tac ddng nhd, khong anh hu'cffig tdi gian dau gieng
ft bi tac ddng do khdi lUOng gpn nhe
Chilu d i i he thdng dng dan cua ddng sin pham C6 the dai
Thap, don g i l gian thap hon va [ khoan true t i l p t U g i l n dau g i l n g ;i Cao, gian d^u gieng cd ket c l u Idn Anh hudng tdi tong the ciia gian
dau gieng 'i Yeu cau ket noi tdng hpp va ddng j
bp tuy theo tdng gian dau gieng Truyen thong
Co the cd mot vai ma l i p dat can ' c l u CO t i l trong Idn ' Ngan
Yeu t o an toan (trong trUdng hpp dong gieng) Khong I n h hudng tdi con ngUdi do Co kha nang I n h hUdng tdi con bd tri 6 day bien ngUdi g i n khu vyc dau g i l n g j Chi phi cao do yeu cau gian chuy&n
. dung vdl gia cao Khi nang can thiep vao via sin pham
Chi phi v I n h l n h , bao t r i / b l o dUdng (OPEX) Cao, can gian chuyen dung Thap Bdng 4. Mdt so yeu tocasddelita chon gian ddu gieng thidi bap cho phdl tnen md 14]
TLP
ThIp, CO the can thiep tir g i l n dai g i l n g vdi chi phi thue g i l n thap hOn
Loai gian i Cau tnic gieng
j Phuong tien van chuyin, t i n g trU slri^pham
I Vong ddi hoat dong -. Khu vyc hoat dong j T^n^^diu/khi ~~_
: Trong luong khdi thuong ta ng j Sd lUOng gieng ] Chilu sau nUdc biln ' Phan khIc
Compliant tower Tap trung _ FPSO Semi-FPU IWini-TLP Semi-FPS
Dan trai
Bdn chUa He thdng dudng dng/bdn chda Linh hoat
Linh hoat
Spar
Vinh Mexico Linh hoat Vjnh Mexico
Trung binh Linh hoat | Trung blnh/dai Vinh Mexico/
Tay Phi Thap Linh hoat Unh hoat _ Thap Linh hoat Trung birsh_
Linh hoat Thap !__ Trung binh/Cao Gidi han Linh hoat Trung blnh/sau i Trung JJinh Rat sau Khi nang sda gieng
J Cdng nghe dau gieng : Ong diitig j Kit cau vd
Dung giln khoan sira gieng DDng gian khoan di dong (MODU)
Dau gieng chim 6ng mem Chuyen ddi/ddng mdi i Ddng mdi d I u gieng chim se dan s i n pham thdng qua h^ thdng ong mem de dua ten cac tank chiifa cua tau.
Semi-submersible sCf dung edng nghe dau gieng ehlm. Semi-submersible la dang gian ban ehlm cd the tich hop thap khoan hoac chi mye dich lam gian dau gieng.
Spar cd the sd dung c l cong n g h i d I u g i l n g khd hoac dau gieng ehim. Spar la gian dau gieng co cau hlnh try, vdi tam trpng duoc thiet ke chim sau dudi mat nude bien. Gian cd the trang bj thap khoan phye vu khoan, sda gieng hoac khdng trang bj thap khoan.
Co the khoan sira gieng bIng he thdng khoan \, lip tren gian i Cd the khoan sifa gieng bSnghe thdng khoan \
^lap tren gian hoac gian khojn^dpng Dau gieng khd
6ng thep cUng j Chuyen ddi/ddng mdi I Ddng mdi
Hinh 4. Cdc loai gidn phuc vu cho khoon khai thdc nUdc idu trin the gidl hiin noy
oAll ml-SO 11/2014
Loai g i a n Khoan va sda g i e n g C o n g nghe d a u g i e n g kho Kha nang li/u t r i f t h a n h p h a m Kha nang xuat k h i He t h o n g khai thac s 6 m / k i e m tra g i e n g m d r p n g
'. Chuyen doi c o n g nang Ket noi t h i e t bi tren b d He t h o n g o n g khai thac c h i i m MUc nUcicsieu sau
• 6 n g khai thac dUng Idn (Riser) Dien tich san c d n g tac Ket cau v o than nhe T o n g Ghicho
x: Khdng CO chUc nong
Bdng 5. Mdi so tinh ndng dien hinh Idm cosdiua ebon gidn dau gieng cho phdt trien md [4]
FPSO Semi-FPU Mini-TLP Semi-FPS TLP C o m p l i a n t tov/er
* ; ( o the thuc hien thdc nang
Hinh 5. Sado minh hoaphuong Mclua chon gidn dau gieng cho phdt tnen mo theo phdn khdc nudc sdu (4}
Bdng 6. Thong ke cap nbdl cac gidn ddu gieng dung dephat Irien md nUdcsdu liin the
K h u . « FPSOs m i TLP ^'rl ' : ° " ' P l ™ ' T o n g t o w e r cong
Brazil 31 20 _ 51 Vjnh Mexico 4 9 15 17 3 48
Canada 2 2 Bien Bac 21 14 2 37 '
Bac Phi 4 4 l a y Phi 39 1 4 _ 2 46
An D o 1 1 a
T r u n g Q u d c 17 1 , i s li D d n g N a m A 22 1 1 1 25 • Australia 15 ' 15 T o n g 1 5 6 4 7 2 2 1 8 5 2 4 8
Compliant tower/platform sddyng cdng n g h i dau g i l n g khd. Compliant tower/platform la gian khoan dang thap dUdc che tao bdi vat lieu dng thep vdi k i t cau linh hoat de giam cac tac ddng do dao ddng sdng dem lai.
So lUcmg gidn d^u gi^ng Hinh 6. Thdng ki chung loai, sdlUcmg gidn ddu gieng dimg cdng nghi dau gieng kho
dkhu vUc vinh Alerico vd Tdy Phi [4]
Tension leg platform (TLP) sd dung cdng nghe dIu g i l n g khd hoac d I u gieng chim (mono column TLP diing cdng nghe d I u gieng chim). TLP la dang gian dau gilng ban chim dupe neo gid theo phuong thiing ddng tai cle gdc cua gian.
Mini TLP sddung cdng nghe d I u gieng ehim.
Cle yeu t d co sd de lUa chon gian dau gieng thieh hop vdi cdng nghe d I u gieng theo kinh n g h i l m dUpc cdng bd tai Hdi thao cdng nghe bien d Texas nam 2002 (BIng 4 va 5) [6],
Viec lua ehpn gian dau gieng d l p h i t trien md se tiiy thude vao tinh nang, dae tinh cua via cung nhU h i l u qui kinh t l . Hinh 6 the hien viec Ida ehpn g i l n d I u gieng sif dyng cdng n g h i dau gieng khd tai khu vuc vjnh Mexico va Tay PhL
Hdi nghj cdng nghe bien nam 2013 da thdng kitlnh hinh sd dung cac chiing loat gian khoan tren t h i g i ^ 6 0 D A U K H I - S O 11/2014
PETROVIETNAM
Bdng 7. Viic sddung cdng nghi ddu gieng toi mdtsdmd nUdcsdu trin the gidi (3J h Ten m d
j Lena (Exxon) , Jo I let (Conoco)
Auger Mars Ram [^ow/ell Neptune Baldpate Morpeth (Agip) Allegheny (Agip) Ursa Mariin (BP Amoco) Geri^esis (Chevron) Petronius (Texaco) Brutus Prince (EJ Paso) I Typhoon (Chevron) i Med^sajMurphy)
Nattika Matterhorn _Gurmison
B^IO Perdido
Nam 1984 1989 1993
Khu virc GoM GoM GoM
Cdng nghe d^u gieng
(BIng 6) [3]. Qua t h d n g ke viec s d d u n g edng nghe dau gieng tai m o t sd m d nUde sau dien hinh t r l n t h e gidi (Bang 7), n h d m tac g i l nhan thay xu h u d n g : gian TLP, Compliant Tower, Spar s d d u n g cdng nghe dau gieng khd; FPSO, Mini TLP, Semi sd d y n g c d n g nghe dau gieng ehlm.
3. G i l i phap lUa chon cdng n g h i gidn khoan de t h i cdng gieng khoan suTdung cdng nghe dau gieng kho vd dau gieng chim
3.1. SCr dung cdng nghe gidn khoan tiip tran&a noin&a chim di khoan cdc gieng khoan sit dung cdng nghe ddu giingkhd
Gian khoan tiep trp nda ndi nUa ehlm (Semi- submersible tender assist drilling rig) dUdc sd dyng de hd trp khoan tai khu vUc ed mUe nude bien sau tdi 1.830m (khoing 6.0001^). Loai gian khoan nly dupc sUdung hieu q u i d viing nude sau trung binh, ndi cd the dat dMc cle Fixed platform khai thac, ndi gian khoan t y nang khdng the dat chan 6i khoan dupc. Gian khoan t u n i n g Idn nhat hien nay la Maersk Innovator (ciia Maersk Drilling) chi cd the hoat ddng tai viing bien cd mdc nude sau -150m (492ft).
Mot sd Id t r l n t h I m luc dia Viet Nam ed chieu sau nude b i l n phu hpp vdi viec sd dyng khoan phat trien md bSnggian khoan TAD [1]:
Ld 156, 157, 158, 159 (Exxon Mobil): Chieu sau nudc bien tren 1.000m;
Ld 133,134,135,136/03 (Talisman): Chilu sau nUdc bien tren 1.000m;
Ld 129, 130, 131, 132 (Vietgazprom): Chilu sau nUdc bien khoing 1.000 - 2.000m;
Ld 6-01 (Rosneft), 05-3/10 (PVEP), 04-1,04-3: Chieu sau nude bien 100- 350m;
Ld 148, 149 (PVEP), 144,145 (Murphy), 160 (md):
Chieu sau nude b i l n t r l n 1.300m;
Ld 117, 118, 119 (Exxon Mobil), 120, 121 (Origin):
Chilu sau nude bien t r l n 130m...
Gian khoan t i l p trp nda ndi nda ehlm cd 2 p h l n : tiep trp (tender) va cym thiet bj khoan (DES). Tender la loai gian ban ehlm (semi-submersible) cd cac t h i l t bj can thiet nhu mdt gian khoan b i n ehlm hien dai de ho trp cdng t i e khoan nhU: he thdng eung e l p nang lupng cho hoat ddng toan gian khoan, be chda dung djch khoan, be chda barite va barine, be chda xi mang, san chda dng ehdng va can khoan, khu nha d, he thdng nude ngpt, nUdc bien, cong t i e nang ha... DES la phan cum t h i l t bi khoan (gdm cle thiet bl khoan va he thong n l n g ha nhU: thap khoan, top drive, ban xoay "rotary table", tdi khoan chfnh, he thdng thao van can dng, h i thdng doi ap BOP, h i thdng xd ly dung djch khoan, choke manifold, he thdng dieu khien kip trudng, substructures, he thdng d i l u khien thiet bj khoan...) dUdc dat t r l n cac gia chuyen dyng ciia gian
ti»m- 61
B6 tri phSn tiip trd e6a gian ITender) I.Cdundnghi?
2 Hi thong nhd d/smii hoat ' 3, Hi ttiong cung cap dien nang
4. Sdn lifu tritcan 6ng va cdc thiel bi vdn chuyin ong t 5. Bam cao dp ~ . 6 B^di/liH/tuanhodn dung dich
7 Tram tron dung dich 8 Tram tram XI mang gieng khoon ' 9. Kho lull hda phdm khoon I 10, Luu tri/dau ni/Oc ~
Cum thiitbi khoan
BStrfe^m thiitbl khoan (DES) 1. Ket cau phu tra 2. Sdn khoan va thiip khoan 3 Thiel bl ndng ha vd khu vi/c dung cdn Sng 4 Cum xaiy dung dich vdchSt thdi rdn 5. BOI dp chong phun vd cum pfidn dimg 6. Cum phdn dp trong khoan 7. Hi thong dieu khiin
PhSnkitnol glSfa gidn khoan vd gidn Mu gifng I. Cdu dan tif Tender sang WHP (PTB) 2 Hi thong chuyin can ong-High-line'tCrTendersang DES J Hi thdng vdn chuyen dung dich vd diin
totrlgldn dSu gltng (WHP) 1.6ng tdch nUdc vd cdc ddu gi€ng 2 He lh6ngxiily khai thdc 3 Dam dd cum Ihiitbi khoan 4, Khu vUc sdn thoo tdc ddng trong khoan 5. Khu VI/C ddnh cho third party
iTmh 7. Mo td long quan hi thdng thiet bi cua gidn khoon tiep ira
TAD khoan tren gian c6 flinh (Fixed Platform)
Compliant Platform Tension Leg Platform
Kinh 8. Khd ndng khoan cda gidn TAD tren cdc gian ddu gieng khoan t i l p trp nda ndi nda chim va dUdc eau trong t l i
Idn dua ten t r l n platform ed djnh va lap dat thanh mot he thdng khoan hoan chinh de thyc h i l n edng tac khoan thdng qua sy t i l p trp dupe dan tU tender ten DES [1].
Cym thiet bi khoan DES duac lap dat bSng cau silu trpng chuyen dung trgn gian tiep t r d cd sdc n l n g eUc dai 300MT. Cac ma hang nang dUdc eau tU tender 6i l i p dat tren gian dau gieng cd iifng d y n g cdng n g h i dau gieng khd n h u Compliant tower, TLP, Spar hay VJeW Head
62 14101-5011/2014
PETROVIETNAM
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y-
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Cum thiet bi dUOi dng bao {loviSf riser package) Doi ap ng3m (Subsea BOP) Dau gieng chim (Subsea wellhead)
HMiH.MdfMigakcumttiiitbidiinhaJagidnSemi-submersible
Platform (WHP) de thUe hien cac cdng doan ciia mot gieng khoan d I u khL Diem d i e biet eua gian TAD la cym thiet bj khoan can dupe che tao d l phii hdp vdi gian dau gieng ngay tU giai doan t h i l t ke, de d i m b i o dp chfnh xac tuyet ddi cho k i t ndi ky thuat gida gian d I u gieng v l cum thiet bj khoan DES.
\Ju 3iem eiia g i l n TAD la tinh nang an toan. D i l n tich san luu trd thiet bj Idn cd t h i phuc vu dupe eae chiln djch khoan xa can ed hau can va d i m b i o khdng gian thao tac an toan thuan Ipi, g i l m t h i l u rui ro. GianTAD dUdc t h i l t ke de t h o l t hiem an toan (die biet khi xly ra sued phun trao) vdi thao tac nut k h l n e l p (Emergency release) tai phdng d i l u khiln, gian khoan nhanh ehdng rdi xa khu vyc nguy h i l m b I n g sdc cang ciia cac day neo phfa sau. Ddi vdi g i l n t y nang hay cic gian khoan khac can thdi gian nhat djnh de rdi khdi gian d I u g i l n g khi x l y ra sy ed.
3.2. Su* dung cdng nghd gidn khoan nCfa noi nUti chim {Semi-submersible} di khoan cdc gling khoan sif dung cdng nghi ddu giing chim
Bdi vdi md ed dinh hudng phat trien bang each Ung dung cong nghe dau gieng ngam (subsea) vdi cac gian d I u gieng nhU FPSO, Semi, Mini TLP thi gian khoan nifa ndi nda chim se d i m nhan cdng t i c thi edng cac gieng khoan ed sd dyng edng nghe dau gieng ehlm.
Gian Semi-submersible cd 2 chUe nang: Khoan tham dd cac viing nude sau ma gian khoan TAD khdng thuc hien dupe; khoan phat trien md cic viing nude cd dd s l u Idn, phdc tap v l dieu klen dja chit, thiiy van, mUc nUdc sau hon 6.000ft noi gian TAD khdng thUc hien 6\icic.
Bdi vdi mot sd md da phat hien dau khi tai khu vUe nudc slu, them Iue dja Viet Nam cd the Ung dung cdng nghe gian TAD de khoan phat t r i l n md thay eho gian Semi-submersible nhU: Ld 5-1 b, 5-1 c (Idemitsu), md Ca Rong Dd (Talisman), md Ca Voi Xanh (Exxon Mobil)...
Gian khoan Semi-submersible de xuat trang bj t h I p khoan don 6\SaQ thiet k l d i m b i o cho t l i trpng thap khoan dat 2.000.000lbs de thue hien duoc cac g i l n g khoan cd chieu sau den 30.000ft/ 9.114m (tinh t d RKB), he thdng Offline activity dupe trang bj de thyc h i l n cac cong viec thao l i p bd c l n khoan trong khi khoan. T h i l t k l n l y tiet kiem nhieu thdi gian va chi phi de thUe hien mdt g i l n g khoan d I u khL H I thdng thiet bi chong phun trao va eae thiet bj phy tro ciing dUdc Ung dung cdng nghe eao mdt cleh tdi da de cd t h i thi cdng cac g i l n g khoan cd nhiet dp ap suat cao, dac biet phu hpp khu vdc cd d i l u kien dja chat thOy van phdc tap. Cic t h i l t bj ciia he thdng
DAU KHi-SO 11/2014 63
H# thong neo
Ket hpp gitra xich neo va cap
Bdng 8. Hudng lua chon cdng nghi thiel bi neo theo chieu sdu nudc biin Hif u qua
Phil hpp vdi khu vyc nu-dc nong __ ! Tot cho khu vyc nu'dc sau do ty Ip giO-a dd ben cap v l khdi lupng cao, khdng gian tang tdi trLJ" , cap thuan tien hon la diing xich neo Tot cho khu vyc nudc sSu do ty 1$ giua dp ben cap va khoi iu'png cao. khdng gian tang tdi trij cap thuan tien hon la diing xich neo ^_]_
C h i l u sau n u ^ c tdi u-u
< 600ft
thiet bj ehdng phun trao dupc thiet ke ed I p suat lam viec ten d i n 1 S.OOOpsi (1.020atm) di kem theo la cac he thong dudng dng, van eung ducjc thiet k l dac biet, Ung dyng edng nghe mdi v l e h l tao cung nhu v l t lieu mdi 6e lam viec trong ^ e u kien ap suat va nhiet dp cao, ehdng lat sU p h i hiiy eua khf HjS...
Gian Semi-submersible d l xuat trang bj he thdng dinh vi ddng hpc (Dynamic Positioning - DP) ta he thdng t u ddng djnh vj hay djnh hudng gian dau gieng bang each sd dung eae t h i l t bi day (thrusters). Viec dinh vi bang he thdng nay duoc sd dung tai eae viing bien ma viec ed djnh tau bang chang budc hay t h i neo khdng the sd dung hole khong h i l u q u i do mUc nUde qua slu, hoac do vUdng cac cau true da dUpc lap dat sin d dUdi d l y bien nhu cle dudng dng, cong trinh ngam.,. Do vay, g i l i phap phu hop cho viec khoan eae gilng khoan sddyng edng nghe dau gieng ehim tai them luc dja Viet Nam la lya ehpn gian Semi-submersible the he 5 vdi he thdng dinh vj t u dong DP2+ vdi cdng nghe da dupe ehdng minh tfnh dn dinh, do tin eay trong q u i trinh van hanh eting nhU thi cdng cac gilng khoan tren the gidi.
Cle t h i l t bj chinh ciia gian khoan ban ehlm khIc biet so vdi elc loai gian khoan khac nhU: He thdng ddi ap n g l m , he thdng treo dng bao, he thdng bii trd dao ddng theo phuong t h i n g ddng eiia bd khoan cy; he thdng neo gida va dinh vi gian, he thdng van chuyen va l i p dat dng bao, cle phan mem d t l u khiln, quan ly tich hpp cac thiet bi de d i m bao dong bd hda cdng viec...
Bang 8 la mot sd giai phap lUa ehpn edng nghe, thiet bj neo tiiy theo phan khuc nude sau eua gian Semi- submersible.
Viec lya ehpn gian Semi-submersible trang bi he thdng neo hoac neo k i t hop vdi djnh vj can phai nghien eUu ky dieu kien dja chat thiiy van khu vUc va cac phuong tien ngam ndi tai md (nhu dudng dng, cap dien, cap thdng tin...) va can lUu y uu nhupc diem ciia he thdng djnh vj b I n g ddng hpc so vdi he thdng djnh vi b I n g neo.
H I thdng djnh vj bang neo cd Uu d i l m : Khdng cd he thdng ehan vit dly, elc may phat d i f n v l h f thdng dieu khien; it ed kha nang dich chuyen khdi vi trf neu he thdng bj hu hdng; khdng ed mdi nguy hiem t d dUdi nudc do sijl dung ehan vit day. Tuy nhi^n, han che eua he thong djnh vi bang neo la: Kha nang cd ddng bj han che khi d l thi neo, can cd sU trp giup eiia tau keo va tau t h i neo, han ehl khi sd dyng tai viing bien sau, mat thdi gian de t h i va djnh VI neo (cd t h i vai gid d i n vai ngay), bj c l n trd bdi cac vat the d d l y b i l n (dUdng dng, day bien).
He thdng djnh vi bang ddng hpc ed Uu diem: Khi nang CO ddng, de dang thay ddi vj tri; khdng eIn tau llm neo va tau keo; khdng phu thudc vao chilu sau ciia nUdc;
djnh vi v I o vj trf rat nhanh; khdng bj can trd t d cac vat the dudi day bien. He thdng nay cung cd nhdng han che nhU:
Cln d I u t u he thdng ehan vit day, cac may phat va he dilu khien; dau tU ban dau cao; chi phf nhi&n lieu cao; ed khi nang djch chuyen khdi vi tri khi cac may mde thiet bi ed hdng hde hay ngUng hoat dong; cd cac mdi nguy hiem tif hoat ddng ciia chan vit nhu t h p lan va ROV; chi phi bio dudng va van hanh eao.
4. Ket luan
Giai phap edng nghe gian khoan ho tra khoan khat thac dau khi cho viing nude sau tai Viet Nam chO yeu dua vao cdng nghe dau gieng duoc ehii dau ti/
lua ehpn. Ddi vdi cac thdng tin dja chat, kinh nghiem khoan cho eae khu vyc nude sau, nhdm t i c g i l de xuat sd dung cong nghe gian TAD cho viec khoan phat trien md tai viing nUde sau tdi 1.830m t h I m lye dja Viet Nam.
Vdi dae tinh ky thuat uu viet, gian TAD cd the d i m bio k l hoach khoan p h i t trien md tai cac Id d I u khi khu vifc nudc sau.
Rieng ddi vdi cdng nghe gian Semi-submersible dac biet hdu hieu cho eae gieng khoan tham dd (gian TAD khdng ed kha nang nay) va eho so tuang gieng khoan phat t r i l n ddi vdi mdt md ft hole cac gieng dan t r l i trln dien tich rpng.
64
PETROVIETNAM
Tai lieu tham khdo
1. Tap doan Dau khf Viet Nam. Bdo cdo tong ket kit qud khoan thdm do, khai thdc vd ban do phdn Id kkm theo dudng dong miJfc ncfdc bien, 2012.
2. Hoang Thanh Tiing, Le Dac Hoa. Dexudt gidi phap Ong dung cong nghi gidn tiep tra bdn tiem thuy (TAD) khoan cdc gieng khoan phdt trien md dau khf tgi vung bien nudc sdu them luc dia Viit Nam. Hdi thao Khoa hpc bien toan qude lan thdV, Ha Npi. 20 - 22/10/2011.
3. David Reid, Martijn Dekker, Daniel Nunez.
Deepwater development: wet or dry tree. Offshore Technology Conference Brasil, Rio de Janeiro. 29 - 31 October, 2013.
t . John Halkyard. Effective floating offshore structure design and analysis: FPSO, Semi, Spar and TLP Conference at Malaysia. UNI. 24 - 26 February, 2014.
5. Jenny Van Lu, Vigleik LHansen, Celso Raposo, Heather Davis. Dry tree solutions for ultra - deepwater in offshore Brazil. Offshore Technology Conference Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 29-31 October, 2013.
6. Beverley F. Ronalds. Deepwater facility selection.
Offshore Tehnology Conference, Houston,Texas U.S. 2002.
7. P.E.Christiansen, Gerard Cuvillier, N.A.Hicks.
Tender - assisted drilling in the North Sea. Offshore TechnologyConference, Houston, Texas, U.S. 1994.
o. Leiand Anders. The use of self erecting tender rigs for improving the economics of marginal fields. lADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology, Jakarta, Indonesia, 8 - 1 1 September, 2002.
:J. Stig Botker, Terje Karp, Thomas B. Johannessen, Macus Stig Chew. Wellhead TLP with tender assisted drilling.
OffshoreTechnotogy Conference, Houston, Texas. 2001.
Tender Assist Drilling as a technology solution for field development in deep water areas of Vietnam
Hoang Thanh Tung', Trinh Van Lam\ Truong Hoai Nam' 'PVD Deepwater Co. Ltd
'Vietnam OH and Gas Group Summary
The paper provides an overview on the current application of deep water drilling technologies in the world. It analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the dry-tree and wet-tree wellhead technology, the possible solutions as well as the factors that affect the selection of drilling rig technology for Vietnam's deep water. From the geologi- cal information as well as drilling experience at deep water areas, the authors recommend that Tender Assist Drilling (TAD) be used for field development at deep water areas up to 1,830m offshore Vietnam.
Key words: Wellhead technology, deepwater drilling rig, rig technology solution, tender assist drilling technology.
D A U K H I - s o 11/2011
