BieN BOI KHI HflU Vfl PHflT TRIGN BGN VI
Tang tripdng kinh te cua Viet Nam nhin tCp goc do moi triFang
TS. Dinh Dire Trudng, TS. LS Ha Thanh Dgi hgc Kinh le Quoc ddn
Trong nhiing nam qua, Viet Nam da co nhieu ddi m&i ve chinh sach phdt trien kinh te. NhOng thanh tu ca bdn dgt dugc bao gdm muc tdng tnrdng GDP binh qudn hdng ndm tren 7%, tdng thu hdt ddu tir true tiep mr&c ngodi, ndng cao chat Itrgiig ddi song cho nhdn ddn. Tuy nhien, ciing vdi nhip dg tdng trirdng kinh te cao vd qud trinh cdng nghidp hod dang dien ra sdu rgng, Viet Nam dang phdi doi mat vdi cdc vdn de mdi trudng nghiem trgng. De ddm bdo phdt trien ben viaig, Viet Nam cdn ddnh gid dung chdt lugng tdng trudng cung nhu tdm quan trgng ciia cdc vdn de moi Irirdng. Cdc chinh sdch ve mdi tnrdng vd kinh ti neu dugc dp dyng kip thai se gidm nhe cdc tdc dgng mdi trirdng cua tdng irudng kinh te, ngugc igi hgu qud se khdn ludng.
Bdi viet ndy gdm 2 myc lieu chinh. Thir nhdt Id ddnh gid chdt lugng tdng trudng ciia Viet Nam tir gdc dg mdi Irudng (Phdn 2). Thir hai Id nhdn dien mot sd chi phi mdi trudng cua ciia cdc hogt dgng phdt trien (Phdn 3) Phdn I Id gidi thieu chung vdphdn 4 Id cac ket ludn.
Tu khoa: Chi sd hieu qua hoat dpng mdi trudng, Chi phi moi trudng, Phat trien ben viJng, L Md dau
Ddi vdi su phat trien nhanh chdng trong 10 nam trd lai day cua Viet Nam, mgt trong nhiJng y kien kha ddng nhat Id Viet Nam se duy tri dugc tdc dp tang trudng nhanh trong nhieu nam tdi. Dieu nay khdng nhimg the hien nguyen vpng vd y chi ciia mdi ngudi dan Viet Nam ma cdn phan anh tinh dung ddn ciia chfnh sach ddi mdi nen kinh tl dugc khdi xudng vao cudi nhirng nam 80 cua the ky XX. Nhu vgy, nhin mpt each tdng thi, tuong Iai ciia nin kinh te Viet Nam la tdt dep. Vdi mgt nhjp dp tang trudng nhanh thi tdt ca mpi khd khan ciia nen kinh tl se dugc giai quylt trong do cd van ^h mdi trudng.
Tang trudng la tiln dl. Id then chot ciia su phat triln, nhung dilu nay khdng ddng nghTa Id bat eu md hlnh tang trudng nao cung cd chat lugng vd Cling quan tam den bao ve mdi trudng m^t cdch thiet thuc.
Theo bdo cao ciia Hpi nghi phat trien bin viJng todn qudc ldn thii III td chirc ngay 6/01/2011, sau 6 nam trien khai thuc hien djnh hudng phat triln bin vffng, Viet Nam da dgt dugc nhilu thanh tuu trong cac ITnh vuc kinh te, xa hpi va mdi trudng. Nhilu hogt dgng hd trg xay dung va thuc hipn dinh hudng
phat trien ben vixng ngdnh va dia phuang, nang cao nhan thiic va tang cudng ndng luc qudn ly ve phdt trien ben viJng da dugc trien khai thuc hipn. Tuy nhien, chat lugng vd hieu qud ciia nen kinh te cdn thap, tang trudng chu yeu theo chilu rgng, thilu chieu sau, chuyen dich co cau kinh t€ khdng ddng deu. Ben canh do, cac van de mdi trudng nhu d nhiem, suy giam da dang sinh hgc, suy kiet tai nguyen dang gia tang,... Tat ca nhirng tdn tai ndy da va dang de dpa den su phat trien ben virng ciia quoc gia. Van de quan trpng dat ra cho Viet Nam la chat lugng tang trudng hipn nay da that su bin viJng hay chua va Vi?t Nam cd the hudng tdi mpt moi trudng tot d?p han trong nhiJng nam tilp theo hay khong.
-2. Chat lupng laug tnrdng cua Viet Nam dudi goc dp moi trirdng
Vipt Nam da dat dupe cac thdnh tuu phdt trien kinh te to ldn trong tliap ky vira qua, la mpt trong nhiJng qudc gia cd tdc dp tdng trudng kinh te cao trong khu vuc vd tren the gidi ngay cd trong giai doan khiing hodng kinh te todn cau. Toe dp tang trudng trung binh hang nam giai doan 2001-2010 dat 7,25%. Tdc do tang trudng nhin chung on dinh, trong dd tang trudng cao vao nh&ng nam 2004-
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leiJ'liallitn 11•|eN BOI KHi HI^U Vl^ PHI^T TRI6N 6€N VUNG
Hinh 1: Cuong do sir dyny tiii nyuyen iJii Vict Nam giai doan 1997 -2007
t ' l « » ( 3 d n o t(-»o GDP o l * c 6 fllnh . • L . a&nij t h « o GDP o i » CO d i n h
2007 vd tdng trudng thdp d nhiJng ndm 2001 vd 2008- 2010. Tinh binh quan trong cd giai dogn 1991-2010, toe dp tdng truong kinh te dgt gan 7,4%/ndin. Toe dp tdng trudng kinh te ciia Vipt Nam trong hon 20 ndm qua thupc logi cao so vdi cdc nude vd viing Idnh tho tren thi gidi, chi thap hem toe dg tang trudng binh quan nam ciia Trung Quoc trong thdi gian tuong irng. Hon the, thdi gian tdng trudng kinh te hen tuc ciia Viet Nam da dgt 25 nam.
Viet Nam c6 the bd sung vdo danh sdch 13 qudc gia qudc gia thdnh cdng trong vipc duy tri tdc dp tang trudng cao vd ben viJng thdi ky hgu chien tranh.
GDP ndm 2010 tinh theo gid thuc t l dgt 101,6 li USD, gap 3,26 ldn so vdi nam 2000; GDP binh quan ddu ngudi dgt 1.168 USD. Ndm 2010 Vipt Nam dupe Ngan hang Thi gidi (WB) cdng nhgn Id nude cd thu nhap trung binh (MIC)'. Ty 1§ ngheo cua Vi^t Nam dd gidm manh, tir gan 60% ndm 1993 xuong cdn khodng 14% trong ndm 2008.
Cimg vdi su tdng trudng kinh tl mgnh mg, cudng dp sir dyng mpt so tai nguyen thien nhien co bdn nhu ddt, nude va ndng lupng de san xudt ra mpt don vi ddu ra kinh le d Vipt Nam cd xu hudng gidm trong thdi ky 1990-2007. Ndi cdch khdc, Vipt Nam ed xu hudng su dyng ft tdi nguyen hon dl tgo ra 1 USD GDP (Hinh 1). Xu hudng nay dugc quylt djnh mpt phan bdi su chuyin djch ca cdu kinh tl tir ndng nghipp sang cdng nghi?p va dich vy.
Mac dii, nhung sd lipu tren cho thdy mgt so ddu hipu kha quan trong hi^u qua trong sir dyng tai nguyen, nhung vl co bdn tieu hao ndng lugng, nhien lieu nguyen lipu trong cdc ngdnh cong nghipp cua
Nguon: Ngdn hdng the gi&i (2010) Vipt Nam rdt cao. Theo tfnh todn ciia Ngan hdng thi gidi, tieu hao ndng lugng (kg ddu qui doi - kg OE) tren 1 don vj GDP (USD - gid 1995) cua My la 0,29; Nhgt Id 0,10; Hong Kong Id 0,58; Singapore la 0,26; Oxtrdylia Id 0,27; Trung Quoc Id 1,43 vd Vipt Nam Id 1,43. Mpt so nganh nhu nganh xi mang, tieu hao ndng lupng cao hon 1,3 - 1,4 ldn; nganh thep chi phf dipn ndng cao hem 1,5 - 1,7 Idn so vdi cdc nude tien tien. GDP tgo ra iren I kg OE cua Vipt Nam la 3,7 USD cung ihdp ban hdu hit cdc nude trong khu vuc (Hinh 2) nhu In-do-ne-xia Id 4,1 USD; Thdi Lan vd Ma-Iay-xia Id 4,7 USD; Nhdt Bdn Id 7,9 USD vd Singapore la 8,1 USD. Cd thi nhan thay so lugng USD GDP tgo ra Iren 1 kg OE ciia Vi?t Nam chi cao hon Trung Quoc vd cdc nude cd thu nhgp thdp, thap hon cdc nude trong ASEAN - 4 va cac nude cd thu nhgp trung binh.
Xet ve muc dp gay d nhilm moi trudng thi thuc tl d Vipt Nam cho thdy, muc dp d nhilm mdi trudng tdng Ien ciing qud trinh tdng trudng. TiJ ndm 2001- 2010, lugng khi thai COj ra moi trudng tdng trung binh gan 15% hang ndm. So vdi miic trung binh cua cac nude Ihu nhgp thap, mure phat thai COj tren 1 dong GDP Id 0,6 kg cao hon hdu hit cdc nude trong khu vuc.
Lupng khi thdi CO2 tdng nhanh cd lien quan true tiep den tdng Irudng qua sdn xudt vd tieu dung.
Trong giai dogn 2001 - 2010, toe dp tang san lugng than trung binh 14,6% va sdn lupng dipn tang 13,8% hdng ndm. So vdi ndm 1990, sdn lupng than tieu thu ndm 2007 tang 4,6 ldn, xang tang 5,7 lan va dipn tang 9,9 ldn. Nam 2007, cong nghipp chiem
kiiiliyiitiUrien
BI6N DOI KHi HflU Vfl PHflT TRieN 66N' V O I ^ Hinh 2: Hieu qua sii- dung nang lup'ng ciJa Viet Nam va cac nude
34%, giao thdng vgn tai chilm gan tren 20% tong khdi lugng ndng lupng ti6u thy cua cd nude vd Id tdc nhan chinh gay d nhilm khdng khf. Tieu thy ndng lugng ciia nganh ndng nghipp chilm ty trpng rat thap (dudi 2% tdng lugng), chung td mure dp co gidi hda nganh ndy cdn thap va do dd d nhiem khdng khi chil yeu do nganh cdng nghipp, giao thdng va cac nganh dan dung.
Nghiem trpng nhdt Id tinh trgng d nhilm ngudn nude, dac bipt tgi nhimg trung tam cdng nghiep Idn, khu cdng nghiep tai luu vuc cdc sdng Ddng Nai, sdng Cau vd sdng Nhue. Tdc nhdn gay d nhiem chi'nh Id san xudt cdng nghipp, tdc dg do thi hda nhanh di kem vdi mat do xay dyng cao.
Diem chung nhat tii thuc trgng d nhiem mdi trudng khf va nude Id tat cd nhiing ngdnh gay d nhilm cung chinh la nganh ddng gdp nhieu vdo tgo vipc Idm, chuyin djch co cdu kinh te, chuyin djch CO cau lao dpng va tang trudng d cdc trung tam cdng nghiep, noi ddng vai trd dau tdu tang trudng ciia ca nude.
Xin quay trd Iai lai vdi cdu hdi lipu su phat trien ciia Viet Nam cd thuc su ben viJng kbdng? Theo djnh nghTa cCia U>' ban The gidl ve Moi trudng va Phdt triln dua ra ndm 1987 thi "Phdt trien bin vpTig la syphdt trien ddp iing cdc nhu cdu eda hi^n tgi md khdng dnh hu&ng din khd ndng ddp img cdc nhu cdu eda cdc thi he tuang lai". C\^ the hon, dd Id sy phdt trien hai hda can ddi giiJa ba cue kinh te, xd hpi va mdi trudng. Djnh nghta khai qudt tren da dupe bd sung nhung chi tiet cu the ve cdc thudc do danh gia cd the ap dyng tren thuc te.
Ngudn: Ngdn hdng thi gi&i (2010) Mpt cdch tilp egn khd phd bien dl do ludng tfnh ben viJng mdi trudng la sir dyng Chi sd Hipu qua hogt dpng Mdi trudng (Environmental Performance Index - EPI). Cbl so nay do miic dp hipu qua thuc thi cac myc tieu chfnh sach mdi trudng ciia mdi qudc gia. Chinh sdch mdi trudng cua mpt quoc gia thudng hudng tdi hai myc tieu chfnh gdm sire khde cdng dong lien quan tdi mdi trudng vd khd ndng tdn tai lau dai cua he sinh thai. Theo cac myc tieu cdt yeu ndy, EPI dugc xdc djnh dua theo diem cd trpng sd cham cho 10 muc tieu chfnh sach dua tren cac chi sd CO bdn nhu: gdnh nang benh tat do eae van de mdi trudng, tdi nguyen nude vdi sire khde con ngudi, chat lupng khong khf doi vdi siic khde con ngudi, tai nguyen nude cho cac he sinh thdi, da dgng sinh hpc, Iam nghiep, thuy san, ndng nghipp, vd bien ddi khi hgu.
Vdi 59 dilm, Viet Nam diing thir 85 trong sd 163 nude dupe xep hang EPI ndm 2010. Trong so cdc nude dirng dau bdng xep hgng cd Ai-xo-len, Thyy Sy, vd Cd-xta Ri-ca vdi so diem cao nhat la 94. Cdc nude cd hipu qua hogt dpng mdi trudng kem nhat Id Xi-e-ra Le-on, Cpng hda Trung Phi, vd Md-ri-ta-nia vdi diem thap nhat trong dgt xep hgng la 32. Neu xem xet trong bdi cdnh khu vuc, Viet Nam cd diem EPI thdp hon so vdi Phi-lip-pin (66 diem). Thai Lan (62 dilm), Lao (60 dilm), vd cao han Trung Qudc (49 dilm), In-dd-ne-xia (45 diem), Pa-pua- Niu Ghi-ne (44 dilm), Mdng Cd (43 diem), va Cam-pu- chia (42 diem). Tuy nhien, so vdi the gidi, Vipt Nam chi d mirc trung binh kem. Vipt Nam dat diem cao trong nhiJng ITnh vuc nhu Iam nghiep vd ndng nghipp. Trong ITnh vuc lam nghiep, diem sd dupe
kifiliteJIiilt Irien
13?ieN BOI KHi HflU Vfl PHflT TRI6N 0€N V O N G
tinh theo su thay doi trong dp che phii rirng va trfr lugng rirng mgc dii di?n tich va chat lupng rirng tu nhien dang xuong cdp nghiem trpng. Trong ITnli vuc ndng nghi?p, diem so dugc tfnh theo cudng dp su:
dyng nude cho san xudt ndng nghiep, Irg cap vd cdc quy djnh vl thuoc trir sau. Vipt Nam dgt dilm EPI thdp trong cdc ITnh vuc thiiy sdn, bien doi khi h§u (phat thdi COj/kwh, cudng dp phdi thdi khf nhd kinh cdng nghi?p), cdc dnh hudng ciia d nhilm khong khi doi vdi hp sinh thai, vd bdo ton bien. Tir kel qua so sanh ndy, cd thi noi rang Vipt Nam mac dii dd dgt dupe nh&ng budc tien dang ghi nh§n ve bdo vp moi trudng so vdi khu vuc nhung su phat trien nhin chung van chua ben viJng.
3. Phi Ion mdi trudng ciia liing trudng kinh Ic Theo ddnh gid ciia Ngan hdng the gidi (2010), Vi?t Nam dang gdp phdi nhieu vdn dc mdi trudng von la cdi gid ciia su pHat triln kinh te. Rat nhieu nguIn tdi nguydn thien nhien dang cd xu hudng suy gidm nhanh chdng trong khi nhieu thdnh phan mdi trudng bi d nhiem va suy thodi dnh hudng true tiep tdi su phdt trien ben virng ciia ddt nude. Theo udc tinh cua Ngan hdng the gidi, Viet Nam cd the phai chiu tdn that do d nhiem mdi trudng len tdi 5,5%
GDP hang nam. Nhu vgy, nen kinh te mat khoang 3,9 ti USD trong 71 ti USD ciia GDP trong ndm 2007, vd khoang 4,2 ti USD trong 76 ti USD ciia GDP trong nam 2008. Xin don cir mpt vai vi dy ve ve 6 nhiem nude vd khdng va khdng khf lai Vipt Nam.
3.1. Cdi gid phdi trd cua d nhiem khong khi O nhiem khdng khi cd nhiJng dnh hudng rat Idn den siic khoe, ddc biet doi vdi dudng hd hap. Ket qua nghien ciru d Viet Nam cho thdy, khi moi trudng khdng khi bj d nhilm, sue khoe con ngudi bj suy gidm, qua trinh lao hda trong co thi diln ra nhanh; cdc chirc ndng ciia co quan hd hdp suy giam, gay ra cdc benh hen suyin, viem phi quan, tim mach,... va Idm giam tudi thp ciia con ngudi. Mirc dp anh hudng cua tirng ngudi tuy thuge vao tinh trang sue khoe, ndng dp, logi chat va thdi gian tiep xiic vdi mdi trudng d nhiem. Bp Y tl cung cho biit trong nhung nam gdn day, tren loan quoc, cdc bpnh ve dudng ho hap Id benh phd biln va cd ty I? mdc cao nhdt. Thuc te cho thdy, nhieu benh dudng hd hdp cd nguyen nhdn true tiep bdi moi trudng khdng khi bi 6 nhiem do byi, SOjiNOj^, CO, chi,... Cdc tac nhan nay gay ra cac benh viem nhiem dudng hd
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hdp, hen, lao, dj irng, viem phi quan mgn tinh va ung thu.
Thipt hgi kinh tl do dnh hudng den siic khoe, bao gom cdc khodn chi phf; khdm, chCfa b?nh, thipt hgi cho sdn xual vd nen kinh le do gidn dogn lao dpng.
Dudn "Dieu tra. thong ke, ddnh gid dnh hu&ng cua d nhiem mdi trudng idi sue khoe cgng ddng" do Cyc Bdo vp mdi Irudng, Bp Tdi nguyen & Mdi trudng (2007) tien hdnh tgi hai tinh Phii Thg va Nam Djnh cho kit qud udc tfnh thipt hgi kinh te do d nhiem khdng khi ldc dpng din siic khoe tren ddu ngudi moi ndm trung binh Id 295.000 dong. Nlu gia djnh, ton thdt vc kinh tl do d nhiem khdng khf tac dgng den siic kho6 doi vdi ngudi dan Hd Npi vd TP Ho Chi Miiih tucmg tu nhu ngudi dan d Phii Thp va Nam Djnh thi Hd Ngi vdi 6,5 tripu dan, mdi ngdy thipt hgi 5,3 ty dong vd TP Ho Chi Minh vdi 7 trieu dan, mdi ngdy thipt hgi 5,7 ty dong. Thuc te, mdi trudng khdng khi d cdc do thj Idn nhu Hd Npi, TP Ho Chi Minh, Hdi Phdng, Da Nang bj d nhiem cao hon so vdi cac tinh Phu Thp va Nam Djnh, nen thi?t hai ve kinh te do d nhiem khdng khi thuc te cdn cao hon con so neu tren.
3.2. Thi^t hai kinh te do 3 nhiem nu&c Nude thai sdn xudt khdng qua xir ly, xa thdi true tilp vao moi trudng gay ra nhung thipt hai ddng ke tdi san xuat ndng nghipp vd nudi trdng thiiy sdn tgi cac khu vuc Ian egn. Mdt khac. d nhiem mdi trudng nude da lam gia tdng ganh ndng bpnh tat, gia tdng ty Ip ngudi mdc benh dang lao dpng. Ddng bdo dpng la ty Ip ndy cd xu hudng gia tdng trong nhirng nam gan day vd gay ra nhiing tdn thdt kinh te khong nhd.
Ngudn nude sdng d ddng bdng sdng CCm Long (DBSCL) dang bj d nhiem. Cdc ngudn gay d nhilm den tir hogt dpng sdn xuat ndng nghiep do su dung phan bdn, thuoc trir sau, thuoc bdo v? thuc vat qua nhilu, do cdc chdt thdi sinh hogt, vd tir cac hogt dpng sdn xuat cdng nghipp. Nghien ciru ciia tac gid V5 Thanh Danh (2011) cho biet tdn thdt kinh tl do d nhilm nude trung binh mpt hg gia dinh tgi viing DBSCL Id 29.345 dong/hp/thang va khoang 1.454 ty dong/ndm.
Cdc cdng trinh nghien eii'u ciia Bp Tai Nguyen &
Mdi Trudng tai viing 6 nhiem nude sdng Thi Vdi tir vipc thong kS thipt tgi kinh tl tir 1.181 don ddi bdi thudng cua ngudi dan da udc tinh thipt hgi do d nhilm nude ciia cdng ty VEDAN len din 567 \y
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BKN DOI KHI HflU Vfl PHflT TRI6N S6N VI
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ddng/nam. nguyen nude, mat da dgng sinh hpc, d nhiem nude, Theo Bg Tdi Nguyen & Mdi Trudng, hipn nay d nhiem khdng khf tir cac nhd may, cac hp gia dinh, tinh trgng d nhiem ngudn nude la nguyen nhan ciia Igm dyng thudc tru sau va phan hod hpc,v.v... Tinh nhieu can bpnh khd chQ-a vd nhiJng b?nh thdng trgng suy thodi moi trudng diln ra tren dien rpng.
thudng nhu tieu chay vd benh ly, dgc bipt la trong nhiJng vung dong dan cu vd ngheo khd. Trong vdng 4 nam vira qua cd 6 tripu ngudi Vi?t Nam gdp phdi nhiJng benh djch do nude bdn gay nen vd so tiln chua trj len din 400 ty dong Vipl Nam, tuong duong vdi 21 tripu ddla My.
Ndi tdm Igi, cong cupe ddi mdi trong mudi ndm qua da va dang ddt ra cho chiing ta nhilu thdch thu'c to Idn ve mdi trudng. Vipt Nam sc budc vdo mpt
Men quan tdi nhieu thanh phan mdi trudng khdc nhau.
Thir hai, thipt hai mdi trudng do cac hogt dpng kinh ic gay ra tgi Vipt Nam Id ddng ke, chiem khodng 5.5% GDP hdng nam. Trong nhiJng ndm tiep Iheo, Vl^t Nam van d trong giai dogn cdng nghiep hda. Do vgy thipt hgi mdi trudng cd xu hudng gia tdng neu khdng kjp thdi dp dyng cac bipn giai dogn phdt trien khd khan can nhieu cac yeu to phap phdng ngira.
mdi trudng. Neu cdc thipt hgi ve mdi trudng khdng dupe tfnh toan ddy du trong cdc chfnh sach thi dnh hudng cd the se rat thdm khoe vd tang trudng se khdng bin viJng.
4. Ket luan
Ket qua nghien cuu cho phep riit ra mpt sd ket lugn vl phat trien ben vffng tai Viet Nam.
Thu nhat, trong vdng 10 nam qua Vi?t Nam da dgt dugc nhieu nhieu thdnh tuu dang ke trong ITnh vuc phat trien kinh te va bao ve mdi trudng so vai cdc nude trong khu vuc, nhung su phat trien nhin
Thir ba, trong nhirng nam tdi Vipt Nam se liep tyc duy tri dugc tdc dp tdng trudng cao. Vdi md hinh phat trien nhu Viet Nam hipn nay, toe dp tdng trudng GDP cang cao, thi mirc dp gia tang chat thai se cang Idn, tdn that phiic Ipi xa hpi se cang nhieu.
Tdc ddng vl mdi trudng khdng chi phy thupc vao qui md cac boat dpng kinh te ma cdn phy thupc vao dgc diem co cau kinh te, trinh dp cdng nghe va cac giai phap quan ly. Do vay, lua chpn myc tieu tang trudng trudng kinh te, chuyen dich ca cdu kinh tl.
Chung vdn chua bin virng. Mac dii mdi d giai doan ^P ^^"8 ^^"^ S'^* P^^P ^^ ' ' ^ o / ? ""O' ^'""^S, trong ddu cua qud trinh phdt triln Viet Nam da vd dang "^ung giai doan tiep theo nhdm dgt duoc su phdt phai ddi dau vdi vdi cac vdn de mdi trudng nghiem trien ben virng la mot vdn de then chdt dang dgt ra trpng nhu suy gidm tai nguyen rung, suy gidm tdi cho Vipt Nam.CH
1. Theo cdch phdn logi cua WB ndm 2010 neu GNI binh quan dau ngudi cua mgt qudc gia tir 975 USD trd Ien thi dugc xep vao nhdm nude ed thu nhgp trung binh (MIC).
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. Bo Tai nguyen & Moi trucmg (2007), Dieu tra, thong ke, ddnh gia anh hudng cua 6 nhiem moi trudng Idi sire khoe cpng dong, Bao cdo noi bp, Hd Ngi.
2. Bo Tai nguyen & Moi Irudng, Bdo cdo hi?n trgng m6i trudng Vi?t Nam cac ndm 2008, 2009, 2010.
3. Nguyin Van Thudng (2005), NhQ'ng rdo can doi vdi phdt triln kinh ll Viet Nam, Nhd xudt bdn ly lugn chfnh Irj, Hd N§i.
4. Nguyin Ngoc Son, Phgm Hing Chuang (2011), Chat lupng tdng trudng kinh te Vi?tNam: Mudi ndm nhin lai vd dinh hudng tuong lai, Nhd xudt ban Giao thdng vdn tai, Hd Npi.
5. Ngan hdng thi gioi (2010), Bao cdo phdt triln Vi?t Nam 2010, Ha Npi.
6. Trdn Vdn Khuong, Nguyin Hong Quang (2008), Phdp lu§t bdo ve moi trucmg. Ddc san tuyen Iruyln phdp luat.
7. V5 Thdnh Danh (2011), Thi^t hgi kinh te do 6 nhilm nude tai D6ng bdng song Cuu Long, Tap chi Khoa hpc, so 15b, Dai hoc Can Tha.
