r
HOI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I VA TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L A N THLf 5Tipm BA DANG VE THANH PHAN LOAI VA GIA TRI SU^ DUNG CUA CHI QUE {Cinnamomum) VA CHI BOfI LOfl (Litsea) HQ LONG NAO (Lauraceae Juss.) 0 VU'OfN QUOC GIA BACH MA
LE CONG SON Trung tdm Bdo ldn Di tich Cd do Hui DU'OfNG D i r c HUYEN Viin Sinh thdi vd Tdi nguyin sinh vgt.
Viin Hdn ldm Khoa hgc vd Cong nghi Vi?t Nam DO NGQC DAI Trudng Dgi hgc Vinh
Trong cac hg thuc vgt cua nude ta cung nhu tren the gidi, hg Long nao (Lauraceae) la mgt trong nhii'ng hg ldn cua nganh Nggc lan (Magnoliophyta), phan bd chd yeu d viing nhi?l ddi Chiu A, Chau Phi, Chau Uc va Chau My [8]. Viet Nam nam trong viing Ddng Nam A, day cd the Ii noi phit sinh va phat tan ciia nhdm niy [6]. Kinh nghiem dan gian cho ihay cac bg phgn khac nhau ciia nhi^u loii trong hg Long nao (Lauraceae) dugc cic bi con dan tgc il ngudi sii dung lim thudc va khai thic tinh diu dimg trong cdng nghiep dugc vi my phim [1, 4]. 0 Vi?t Nam chi Qud {Cinnamomum) cd khoing 44 loii va chi Ming lang {Litsea) cd khoing 45 loai va 10 thir phan bd d khap cac tinh trong ci nude [2]. Hien nay, chua cd cdng trinh nio dieu tra dinh gia ve thinh phan Ioai cung nhu tinh da dang d Vudn Quoc gia Bach Ma. Trong khudn khd bai bao nay, chiing tdi di sau phan tich ve tinh da dgng, phin bo va gia trj sii dung ciia cic Ioai chi Que {Cinnamomum) va chi Bdi ldi {Lilsea) thugc hg Long nao (Lauraceae) d Vudn Qudc gia Bach Ma de Iam ca sd bio ve va khai thic nguon thien nhien mgt each hgp ly.
1. VAT LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
Mau dugc thu tir thang 1 nim 2011 ddn 4 nam 2013. Hon 300 mau vat dugc thu chu yeu d cac sinh canh khac nhau ciia Vudn Qudc gia Bach Ma. Djnh logi bang phuang phap hinh thii so sanh de phan tich cac mau vat vi cac tai li?u chuyen khio cua cic tac gia trong va ngoii nude [3] Dinh gii sd lugng loii cd gia trj su dung theo cac tai lieu v i su dung phuang phip phdng van ngudi dan dja phuang tai cac nai thu mau trong cac chuydn thyc dja (bg phgn su dyng, cich che bien, chira b?nh gi,..,) [1].
IL KfeT QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA THAO LUAN
L Thanh phan loai trong chi Cinnamomum va Litsea a VQG Bach Ma
Qua qua trinh nghien ciru chi Cinnamomum va Lilsea ciia hg Long nao (Lauraceae) d VQG B?ch Ma; budc diu da xac dinh dugc 44 loii va 2 thu. Bo sung cho danh lyc thyc vat VQG Bgch Mi nim 2003 (N.N. Thin vacs., 2003) Ii 18 Ioai (bang 1).
HOI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V E SINH THAl VA TAI N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N THO" 5 Bdngl D a n h luc t h y c vat chi Cinnamotnum va Litsea & V Q G Bach M a TT
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 g 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28
Ten khoa hgc Gen.1. Cinnamomum Schaeff. 1760 Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham. ex Nees) Sweet
Cinnamomum bonii Lecomte*
Onnamomum bunnannii (C. & T. Nees) Blume Cinnamomum cambodianum Lecomte"
Cinnamomum caryophyllus (Lour) Moore*
Cinnamomum cassia Presl*
Cinnamomum curvlfolium (Lour.) Nees' Cinnamomum damhaensis Kosterm. sec Phamh."
Onnamomum dunfolium Kosterm. sec. Phamh.' Cinnamomum glaucesens (Nees) Dairy Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume Cinnamomum kunstlen Rild *
Cinnamomum longepetiolatum Kosterm apud Phamh.
Cinnamomum magnificum Kosterm Cinnamomum mairei Levi.
Cinnamomum metastomaceum Koslemi. sec.
Phamh.
Cinnamomum ovatum Allen
Onnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack.) Meisn.
Cinnamomum ngidifolium Kosterm sec Phamh.
Cinnamomum sencans Hance Cinnamomum subavenicum Miq.
Cinnamomum famala fBuch.-Ham,) T. Nees &
Eberm.'
Onnamomum tonkinensis fLecomte) A. Chev. * Gen.2. Litsea Lamk. 1791
Litsea balansae Lecomte Litsea baviensis Lecomte Ulsea cambodiana Lecomte Utsea clemensii AWen Litsea cubeba (Lour) Pers,
Ten Vi?t Nam Chi Long nao Que huong Que bon Que tren Re cam bot Re cam chudng Que Uianh Que d dude Re dam h i Qud la cCmg Re xanh phan Que rii'ng Que kunstler Que cuong dai
Que luyet Que bge Re mudi Re giKng Re huang Que la CLKng Ophat Que gan to Re chay
Re xanh Chi Mang tang Bdi ldi balansa Bdi ldi ba vi Bdi ldi cam bot Bdi ldi Clemen Mang tang
Cdng di^ng
M, T, E E M, T, E M.T. E E M.E M, T, E, Oil
E E T, E M.T. E
T, E M, E E T, E
E T, E M,T, E
E E T, M, E
E M,T. E
E T, E, Oil T, E, Oil
E M, E, Oil
Sinh thii
b
a, b, c a. b,c
a,b
1
b i
f i a,b !
b 1 b b,c b . c d
b, c 1
b.c.d 1
b.c a,b b a.b a, b. c, d
b.c b.c a.b b.c b.c
b.c a. b.c
b.c b . c d b.cd
HOI NGHI KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C Vg SINH THAI VA TAI N G U Y S N SINH VAT LAN THlj 5
TT
i i -
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 33 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
Ten khoa hpc Lilsea elongata (Nees) Hook. f. * Utsea eugenoides A.Chev.*
Utsea euosma W. W. Smith.*
Utsea feiruginea Liou*
Utsea anva var. austroannamensis Liou Utsea ^utinosa (Lour) C. Robinson titeea griHilhil Gamble var annamensis Liou Litsea helferi Hook. f. *
Utsea lancilimba iwlerr.
Utsea mollifolia Chun*
Utsea monopetala (Roxb ) Pers Utsea pierrei Lecomte*
Utsea robusta Blume Utsea salmonea A Chev.*
Litsea thorefii Lecomte Litsea umbellata fLour.) Merr * Litsea verticillata Hance Ljfsea viridis Liou
Ten Vi^t Nam Boi IOI la thuon Bol loi tram BOI loi nui da Bai Wi gi slit Boi 161 nha trang Boi loi nhdt Boi ldi Trung Bo Boi loi helter Bcri 161 phien la thon Bai 161 m^m Bol loi bao hoa don Bol IOI trang B6I loi manh Bol 161 do tuoi Boi lai thorel Boi 161 ding B6i IOI vong B6I I6i xanh
Cong dyng E E T. E
E E M, T. E, F
E E T. E. Oil
E, on M.T. E T, E M.E E E M, E E, Oil E. Oil
Sinh thai C d b, c a, b.c
b.c b.c C d c d b.c a, b.c
b, c b . c d
a.b b.c a.b a.b b . c d b, c d c d Ghichu: * Loii bo sung cho VQG Bach Ma; M: Cay lim thudc; T: Cay cho gd; F; Cay cho qua in dugc;
E: Cay cho linh diu; Oil: Cay cho dau; a. Rung nguyfin sinh; b. Rirng thii sinh; c. Tring cay bui va ven rimg; d. Ua sang, ven dudng, ven sudi; f. Vudn nhi.
De thay dugc tinh da dang cua 2 chi nghien ciru d VQG Bach Ma, chung ldi so sinh vdi danh lyc cic loai d Viet Nam (Nguyen Kim Dio, 2003), ket qua dugc the hien qua bang 2.
So sanh so loai trong Cinnamomum va Litsea if Bach Ma va a Viet Nam
TT 1 2
Chi Cinnamomum
Litsea
S6 loai va thi>
nghien ci>u (1) 23 23
S6 loai va thCr V i f t Nam (2)
44 65
Ty 1? % gil>a(1|va(2)
62.27 41.82 Nguon 2. Theo Nguyin Kim Dao, 2003.
Nhu vgy, qua bang 2 cho tliay, thanh phin loai thugc 2 chi cua hg Long nao (Lauraceae) d VQG Bgch Ma cung kha la da dgng (vdi 44 loai va 2 thir so vdi 89 loai va 10 thu chiem 46,47%
tong so Ioai va thu hien da biet d Vigt Nam). Dieu nay cho thiy, luy chi chiem mgt dien tich rat nhd so vdi Viet Nam nhung dugc dxku Ira tren dien rdng nen sd loai trong 2 chi nay rit da dang.
Ngoai ra, 2 chi nay chidm khoing 40% ldng sd loai trong hg Long nao va VQG Bach Ma la nai giao giu^ 2 ludng thuc vgt tir Bic vao va Nam ra nen tinh da dang thuc val rii cao.
HQI NGH] KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I V A TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N T H Q 5
2. Ve mdi trirdng song ! Kdt qua didu tra 2 chi nay d VQG Bgch Ma cho thay, cac loii chu ydu sinh sdng trong 5
mdi trudng chinh nhu: Sdng a riing nguyen sinh vdi 14 loai chidm 30,43%; song d rimg thii sinh vdi 41 loai chidm 89,13%; sdng oven dudng, ua sang, ven suoi vdi 12 chiem 26,09%; s6ng d tring cay byi, ven rirng ciing vdi 32 loii chiem 69,57% va thap nhit la mdi trudng sdng b ' vudn nha vdi 1 Ioai chidm 2,17%. Nhu vay, cic loai dugc nghien cdu chu yeu song d rirng thii . sinh, dieu nay hoan toin hgp ly, bdi vi VQG Bach Ma chu yeu la rirng thu sinh vi dang trong ' giai doan phuc hdi sinh thai.
3. Vegia tri sir dung
Tir cic kel qua phdng vin tr^rc tiSp ngudi dan dia phuang d cac dia phuang khac nhau trong VQG Bach Ma va dua theo cac tai li?u nhu: Tir dien cay thuoc [1], Nhirng cay thu6c va vi thudc Vi^t Nam [4] va cic tai lieu lien quan khac [5] cho thay 44 loai va 2 thu- cd gia trj sir dung (chiem 100% tdng sd loai va Ihu phan bd 6 VQG Bgch Ma) thugc 5 nhdm cdng dyng khic nhau; trong dd cay cho tinh diu chiem ty 1? Idn nhat chidm 100%; nhdm ciy lam thudc vdi 15 loii (32,61%) so vdi tong sd loai nghien cuu; tiep den la nhdm cay cho gd vdi 19 loai (41,30%); nhdm cay cho diu beo vdi 8 loii (17,39%) v i thip nhit la nhdm ciy Sn dugc vdi 1 loai (2,17%).
Nhdm cdy lam thuoc: Bao gom 15 ioai; chii ygu Ii chira cac nhdm benh ve thdi tilt, benh tieu hda,... dien hinh nhu: Que tren {Cinnamomum bunnannii (C. & T. Nees) Blume), Re cam bol {Cinnamomum cambodianum Lecomte), Re huang {Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack.) Meisn.), Mangtang {Lilsea cubeba {Lour.) Pers.), Bdi ldi nhat {Litsea gluiinosa (Lour.) C. Robinson),....
Nhom cay cho gd: Bao gdm 19 loii dugc diing de ddng dd gia dung, trong xay dung; chii yeu thugc cac Ioai nhu: Que tren {Cinnamomum burmannii (C. & T. Nees) Blume), Re cam bot {Cinnamomum cambodianum Lecomte), Re huong {Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack.) Meisn.), Que rirng {Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume), Bdi ldi cam bdt {Litsea cambodiana Lecomte),...
Nhdm cdy cho ddu beo: Bao gdm 8 loai dien hinh nhu: Que d dude {Cinnamomum curvlfolium (Lour.) Nees), Bdi ldi da {Litsea baviensis Lecomte), Ming tang {Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.), Bdi ldi phien la thon {Litsea lancilimba Merr.),...
Nhom cay cho tinh dau: Day la hg chua tinh diu nen tat ca cic ioai trong 2 chi dugc nghien cuu d6u cho tinh dau. Tuy nhien, tiiy vao tirng loai ma sy tich luy ham lugng tinh dau khic nhau. Hien nay, chung tdi da phan lich dugc 40 mlu cua 23 loai. Mgt sd loai cd trien vgng nhu: Qui thanh {Cinnamomum cassia Presl), 6 phit {Cinnamomum sericans Hance), Mang lang {Lilsea cubeba {Lour.) Pers.), Bdi ldi nhat {Litsea glutinosa {LOUT.) C. Robinson),...
IIL KET LUAN
Qua dieu tra chi Qud {Cinnamomum) va Bdi ldi {Lilsea) a VQG Bach Ma, da xac djnh dugc 44 loai va 2 thd (trong tdng sd 99 loai va 10 thu cua 2 chi nay). Da bd sung 18 loii cho danh luc thuc vat VQG Bach Ma. Trong 2 chi nay thi nhdm cay cho tinh dau chidm ty ie cao nhat vdi 47 loai va I thu, cay lam thudc voi 15 loai, cay cho gd 19 ioai, cay cho qua an dugc 1 loai, cay cho dau beo 8 Ioai. Trong cic mdi trudng sdng thi song d rirng nguyen sinh vdi 14 Ioai; sdng d rimg thua vdi 41 Ioai; song d ven dudng, ua sang, ven sudi vdi 12 Ioai; song d trang cay bui, ven rimg vdi 32 loai; sdng d vudn nha vdi 1 loai.
HOI NGHj KHOA HQC TOAN QUQC V£ SINH THAI VA TAl N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L A N THO" S TAI U f U THAM K H A O
Vfl Vin Chi, 2012. Tii diln ciy thudc Viet Nam. NXB. Ndng nghiep, Ha Ndi.
^ 2. Nguyen ^i"" **^'*' ^^^•^' ^^"^ '"*^ *^^ ' ° ^ ' ^^'^ ^^* ^'^* ^^""^ *^^^' ^ ^ " ° " ^ ' ^ P ' Hi Ndi, tap II:
H' 65-112.
^ 3 Ph?in Hoing Hg, 1999. CSy cd VifitNam. NXB. Tre, Tp. Hd Chl Minh, quyln 1: 242-281.
4 B S T^t L9i, 2001. Nhung cay thudc va vi thudc Viet Nam. NXB. KHKT, Hi Ndi.
5 U C6ng Sffn, D 5 Ng9c Dii, Tran Huy Thii, Tran filnh Thing, 2011. Bio cao Khoa hgc vl Sinh
^ i vi Tii nguyen sinh vfit. NXB. Ndng nghigp. Hi Ndi, b^ng 1291-I293.
6 Talditajaa A., 1987. Diversity and classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York.
7. NguySn Nghla Thin (chii bien) v& cs., 2003. Da dgng sinh hgc hf nim vi h^ th\Tc v§t VQG Bgch Ma. NXB. Ndng nghiep. Hi Ngi.
8. Wu Zhengyi & Peter H. Raven (eds), 2003. Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Si. Louis, USA, vol. 7: 60-86.
DIVERSiTY OF SPECIES COMPOSITION AND USING VALUE IN GENERA Cinnamomum AND Litsea (Lauraceae) IN BACH MA NATIONAL PARK
LE CONG SON. DUONG DUC HUYEN, DO NGOC DAI
SUMMARY
Studies of the diversity of Cinnamomum and Utsea in Bach Ma National Patk in Thua Thien Hue province of Viet Nam showed that there are 44 species and 2 varieties recorded in the National Park.
Among them, 18 species were new records for the national park compared lo the list of Bach Ma in 2003 of N. N. Thin. They are used in 5 different categories. Specifically, 15 species are used for medicinal plant, 19 for timber tree, 1 for edible plant, 8 for essential plant, 47 species and 1 variety for essential oils plants.
All of Ihem occurred in 5 major habitats indudning pnmary forest, secondary forest, savan, open places (suc^ as along streams, beside the road) and gardens
