^The gl<jl: Van d e - Su kien T a p chf COng sdn
TAC DONG CUA CUOC KHUNG HOANG TAI dilNH TOAN cAu DEN DOI SONG CHINH TR! THE GIOI VA NHUNG VAN DE
DAT RA DOI vol VIET NAM
VC VANHrfcN*
Cupc khung hodng tdi chinh - kinh ti todn cau vua qua nhu mgt can dfa chan siiu mgnh ldm rung chuyen tgn goc mgi the che kinh te trin the gi&i, ldm tdn that cho hdng logt nin kinh ti l&n nhdt nhu My, Tdy Au, Nhgt Bdn, gdy thipt hgi cho hau hit mgi nin kinh ti. Tuy nhiin, vipc nghien cuu tdc dpng cua cupc khung hodng ndy din d&i sdng chinh tri thi gi&i du&ng nhu it dugc di cap vd nghiin cuu mpt cdch thau ddo. Bdi viet du&i My die cgp sdu hem din khia cgnh chinh trj liin quan t&i cupc khung hodng.
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U'A phdi hgp tien hanh hang logt giai phap khan cdp chdng dd cupc khiing hodng tai chinh - kinh le loan cdu, vira nhanh chdng td chuc nhieu chuang trinh nghien cira, hpi thdo, tranh lugn vd cd dgi tranh ludn hen quy md loan the gidi, chua bao gid vipc di lim nhung gidi phap cim nguy cho hp thdng ldi chinh - kinh te todn cdu, khu vyc vd vdi timg nen kinh te lgi duge d$c bipl quan lam den the. Cac Id chiic tai chinh. cae tmng tam nghien cira qudc te va nhieu hpc gid ndi tieng vdn tiep tyc dua ra dy bdo ve nhiing di chiing dai ding ciia cupc khiing hodng nay vd ddc bipt la nguy co ciia cac cupc khiing hodng mdi cd the liep tyc xay ra.Tdc dpng cua khung hodng tdi chinh - kinh te todn cau d^n ddi song chinh trj the gidi
Cugc khung hodng ldn ndy ldm bgc Ig su
hgn chi cua cdc nhd nude, nhdt Id a cdc nude phdt triin trong vipc ndm bdt, diiu hdnh vd qudn ly nin kinh ti qudc gia, bugc cdc nude phdi thuy ddi hogc diiu chinh thi che kinh te.
De cd the cdt nghTa cpi ngudn van de nay, can khai luge co che vgn hdnh ciia nen kinh tc M^ vd nhiiu nude phdt trien. Dd cd mpt thdi gian dai. ehinh sdch kinh te ciia cdc nude ra bdn chu nghTa dugc thyc hipn tren nen tang chu nghTa ty do cgnh tranh ma dai dien lieu bieu la nha kinh te hpc cd dien A. Xmil (A. Smith) vdi irilt ly cdt ldi la, hay de cho thj tradng vgn hanh dudi sy din dit ciia "bdn tay vd hinh", co chi thj tmdng ty do sS dua tdi kit qud cudi ciing Id sy hdi hda xa hgi- Tuy nhien, cupc dgi khiing hodng cua chii nghia ra ban yong nh&ng ndm 1929 -1933 da ldm cho tit cd cdc nude to ban phdt trien
• GS, TS, Pho Chii tjch H^i dong Ly Iu§n Trung uong 96 S.". 843 (thdng 1 nam 2013)
Th#'gioi: Vdn d e - S y kien Tap chf COng s d n
budc phdi tu bd trilt ly "ban tay vd hinh" d l chuyin sang Ihyc hipn theo hpc thuylt kinh t l ciia Gi.M. Ken (J.M. Keynes) vdi ly thuylt ngugc lai: d l thodt khdi khiing hodng, thit nghiep vd nguy co bung nd xd hpi, nha nude phdi tdng eudng vai y d dilu till kinh ll. T h i nhung din cudi nhung ndm 70 cua thi ky XX, khi cupc khiing hoang ndng lugng thi gidi nd ra, cae nude tu ban phdt yien Igi roi vdo suy thodi kinh te va cdc chinh sdeh kinh l l dya tren Iy thuyet ciia Gi.M. Ken bj coi Id nguyen nhan gay ra tinh trgng yen. Chu nghTa ty do mdi ra ddi va dugc coi la "co sd ly lugn" dk dieu chinh the ehe kinh te. Vao dau nhiing ndm 80, chu nghTa ly do mdi khi dd dugc Thii radng Anh M. That-cho (M. Thatcher), Tdng thdng My R. Ri-gan (R. Reagan) cimg Ngdn hang The gidi (WB), Quy Tien te qudc te (IMF) nhiet liet tdn duong va duge dua vao van hdnh ngay tgi My, cac nude Tdy Au vd hdng logt qude gia khdc. Phuang cham cua Ihuyet tu do mdi la "thi trudng nhieu hon, nha nude it hon" vdi 5 diem chii yeu:
1- Tang thj tradng; 2- Giam nhd nude; 3- Phi dieu tiet hda; 4- Ty do hda; 5- Tu nhan hda.
Chi sau khodng mdt thap nien dp dyng chfnh sdch dya tren Iy thuyet ndy, den nhihig ndm 90, mdt loal cugc khiing hodng kinh te da lin lugt nd ra d Me-bi-ed, Ac-hen-ti-na, mdt sd nude Ddng Nam A,... vd gdn 20 ndm sau dd, vdo ndm 2008, nd ra ngay tai nude My.
Nhu vgy, nhm ca Id hinh, cd thi diiy ring, cugc khimg hodng tdi chinh todn cdu ldn ndy gidng nhu mdt ddn chi tu danh vdo thi ehe kmh t l eiia My va cac nude khac dya hen ly thuylt ciia ehu nghTa ty do mdi. Chiing tdi ddng y vdi y kiln eiia giao su Gi.Xtic-lit (Joseph Stiglitz) - ngudi dugc gidi thudng Nd-ben kmh t l ndm 2001, khi khdng djnh:
My da xudt khiu h i l t ly kmh t l thj tradng hr do, xuil kbiu mdt thur vdn hda doanh nghiep vd ydch nhiem ddi vdi xd hdi,... va cudi cung
dd xuat khau sy suy thodi di bdn phuong.
CMOC khung hodng tdi chinh - kinh td todn cdu ldm sdu sdc thim mdu thudn xd hpi a nhiiu nu&c trin thi giai, gdy do v& hodc bugc phdi diiu chinh the chi chinh tri a mgt sd nuac.
Khung hodng tdi ehinh hong dilu kipn todn ciu hda ldm cho kinh le thi gidi mit can bing, mgt logt qudc gia phai ddi mdt vdi nhung ddo Ign ve chinh trj, an ninh. Do suy thodi vd rdi ren ve kinh le, d nhieu nude ndi len mdi nghi ngd va bdt mdn vdi che dp chinh trj hien hanh. Tgi mpl sd nude Tmng Ddng, Bdc Phi, tac dpng cua eupe khung hodng lai ehinh todn cau Id mpt trong nhiing tde nhdn ldm bung phdt nhiing yeu kem trong kinh te - xd hgi, rdi bj lgi dung, kich dgng thanh nhung cugc "each mang dudng phd". Nhieu chfnh phii da sup do, nhung cho den nay, su dn dinh, phat trien vdn chua y d lgi nhu ngudi ddn tiing mong dgi khi "xudng dudng".
Tgi My, cupc khiing hoang tai chfnh da lam sieu eudng ndy suy yeu hen nhieu phuang dipn, dgc bipt ldm bdc Id rd hon su chenh lech sau sac gidu - ngheo. Ngudi ngheo cang ngheo hon hong giai doan khung hodng da Idm diy Ien phong trdo "chiem pho Udn".
Viee Lien minh chau Au (EU) roi vdo cugc khiing hodng ng cdng, ngoai cdc nhdn Id v l tai chfnh, cdn cd nhung bat man ddi vdi che dg phuc Igi khdng cdn duge bao dam nhu tmdc. Nhin tu lich su, chi dp chinh hi ddn bdu phiic lgi cao da vd dang thinh hdnh d khu vyc ndy. D I gidnh dugc philu bdu, chfnh phii mdt sd nude khdng ngimg nang cao phiic lgi. Khi khiing hoang nd ra, tdng tmdng phuc lgi vugt qud tdc dp tang tradng kinh t l , tdng thu nhgp tir thul d l cheo chdng phiic lgi ciing khdng thi theo kip viec chi cho phiic lgi, chfnh phii chi ed the vay lien d l duy tri boat ddng, khiln cho quy md ng chinh phu ngdy cdng taiig len. Con dudng duy nhit d l gidi quyet van de Id hi bd hodc S6 843 (thang 1 ndm 2013) 97
The gidi: Van de - Sy kipn T a p chf COng sdn
chi it cung phai hg Ihip ehe dp phiic Igi.
Chinh sy thay ddi che dp phiic Igi xd hpi, thit chdt tdi ehinh, "that lung buge byng" de ddi phd vdi khung hodng tdm cho that nghipp tdng ten. ddi s6ng nhan dan khdng ngimg giam Slit dan tdi sy bdt mdn va phan doi ciia dan chiing cang Ihcm sdi syc. Dieu dd cdng ldm cho chinh phii eae nude chdu Au gdp khd khan them trong vipe gidi quyet khiing hodng ng cdng. Nha tdi phipl G. Xd-rol (G. Soros) cho ring, cupc khiing hodng ng cdng d chau Au "khdng phai Id cugc khiing hodng lai chinh md Id cugc khiing hodng chinh tri". Cuge khung hoang cd phan tang len khdng chi vi cdc van dc kinh te ben dudi, khdng the gidi quyet dugc, ma cdn "vi sy that bgi yong vipe nim bit nhung ddng lye cua bien ddi xa hgi" a the che chinh trj ehdu Au.
Nhiing gi dang dien ra d chau Au dugc cho la bi kich ciia nhiing dy djnh tich cyc. Vipc xdy dyng mdt lien minh chinh tri vd lien tp Id mpt vi du. Trong nhieu nam qua, dy an nay da dgi duge nhiing tien bp vtrng chic. Tuy nhien, khi phdi ddi mat vdi cupc khung hodng tai chinh nghiem trgng vira qua, nh&ng khiem khuyei cd hiiu Irong lien minh ndy da bi phoi bay mdt cdch ro net Chat keo dinh ciia lien minh dimg trade nguy co mat dan hieu lyc, the che chinh Irj cua lien minh dang bi phai nhgt vd y d nen thieu viing chic.
Tdm lgi, sy bat lyc ciia cdc the che chinh Iri d nhieu nude trong vipc gidi quyll nhthig tinh hudng khi xdy ra khiing hodng tdi chfnh vd suy thodi kinh te, ddi sdng nhan ddn tren quy md todn xd hpi bj gidm siit, dan tdi tinh ygng bdt dn ve chinh trj md dinh cao Id sy phan khang ngdy cdng mgnh mS cua ddn chiing ddi vdi chinh quyen.
Khung hodng tdi chinh - kinh ti todn cdu thuc day viic hinh thdnh mgt trgt ti^ mai cua thi giai.
Nhieu nha nghien ciiu chinh yj dd khing djnh, the gidi sau khiing hoang tai chinh todn
cau lan ndy dd khdc vdi the gidi tmdc khiing hodng. Nude My sau khung hoang dd khdng cdn sdc vdc mgnh m6, dp ddo the gidi nhu tmdc khiing hodng. Du lugn bdo chi quoc l l cho ring, h^u qua cua cupc khung hodng ldi chinh lan ndy d My edn Idn hon nhieu so vdi vy khung b6 ldn cdng tda thap ddi ngdy 11-9-2001, vi cupc tin cdng ndy khdng phai do the lyc ben ngodi thyc hipn ma chinh tu trong Idng nude My, Id sy bdt cgp cua thi ehe ehinh trj - kinh te eua nude My, tu sau thim ciia hp thdng chinh Iri - tai chinh My.
Chii nghTa tu ban My khdng chju sy kiem sodl ciia nhd nude, dd ty san sinh ra nh&ng ke
"danh bom lieu nhdt" vdo chinh hp thdngd6.
Trong khi nen kinh te My hgu khung hodng bj xudng sire Irdng thay, Igi them gdnh ndng tgi cae viing chien sy, nhu Ap-ga-ni-xtan \ a I-rdc, Ihi tren the gidi dang xuat bipn ngay cang nhieu nhung tmg vien thach thire vj the sieu eudng kinh te ciia My.
Tmng Qudc cd ral nhieu kha ndng se tiep tvc phat trien trong thdi gian tdi vd cd the sdm tro thanh sieu eudng kinh te, tham gia chi phoi ddi sdng kinh te loan cau. Trong khi dd, Ddng A dang trong qud trinh phat hien thanh mgt khdi kinh te vd dang cd khd nang hinh thanh mpt khu vyc mgu djch ty do, hinh thdnh mpt quy lien tp chdu A. Khdi kinh te nay sau khi hinh thdnh cd the se chiem 1/5 nen kinh le the gidi, 20% thuong mgi toan cdu vd cd du trd liln lp khodng 1.500 ty USD, vugl xa dy tru ngogi lp cua My. Nude Nga dang froi day vd yien khai ke hogch lien minh vdi mgt so nude yong khdng gian Xd-viel tmdc day de phdt trien thdnh trung tam kinh te - tdi chinh mdi. EU vdi 27 thdnh vien cd tdng sdn lugng hang hda Idn hon My vd dang y d thanh khoi kinh te - thucmg mgi Idn nhat the gidi. Ddng o-rd dd lan ludt ddng USD tren dja ban chdu Au. Bra-xin eiing dang ndi len la mpt nSn kinh te mgnh vdi miic tdng tmdng 7%/nam vd cd vai y d ngay cang ldn d M5' La-tinh.
98 S6 843 (thang 1 ndm 2013)
The gidi: Varide-Sy kipn Tap chf COng s d n Ndm 2008, theo sang kiln cua Bra-xin, ede
nude hong khu vye nay da xdy dyng Lien minh eac dan tgc My La-tinh vdi co chi hogl ddng cd nhiiu net raong tu nhu EU trong tuong lai gan.
Nhu vgy, nhiing nin kinh tl ldn mdi ndi len dang hien nhien hd thanh cac ddi thii cgnh yanh vdi nhau va cgnh tranh vdi My hen nhieu ITnh vuc. Cdc doi thu mdi nay Ihl hipn la nhiing diem sdng mdi, hap dan gidi dau ra, ke ca cac nhd ddu tu ciia My. Hg cdn la nh&ng nha cung cdp san phdm cd chit lugng cao vdi gid cd hgp ly. Khi tham gia ngdy cang tich cyc vdo nen kinh le the gidi, cac nen kinh te ndy s6 ddng gdp vdo tdng tradng chung vd ngdy cang chiem thj phan Idn yong tdng the kinh te todn cau. Chinh dieu dd da lam thay ddi biic tranh ddy mau sac cua ddi sdng chinh yi va kinh le yen the gidi, dan den su hinh thanh trat tu kinh te thi gidi mdi thay the hat tu don cyc yong nhieu thdp nien qua, thdch thuc trye tiep vi the cua My. Vd trong bdi cdnh dd. My khdng the don phuong hanh ddng ve ehinh tri vd qudn sy.
Rd rang la cupc khiing hoang tdi chfnh vira qua da thiic ddy nhanh qua trinh suy gidm siic manh va vai yd dp ddt ciia My lau nay.
Dd chuih id cupc khiing hodng lam thay ddi trat ty kinh tl va gdp phdn dang ke vdo viee ldm thay ddi hat tu ehinh yj the gidi.
Viet Nam voi cuoc khiing hodng tdi chinh - kinh t§ todn cau
So vdi nhiiu nude hen thi gidi, nin kinh tl Viet Nam d miic khiem tdn, lai khdng nim hong tam dilm eua cugc khiing hodng tdi chuih - kinh tl toan ciu nen tde ddng ciia cugc khung hodng nay ddi ydi Viet Nam khdng nghiem ypng nhu ddi vdi mdt so nude khac. Tuy nhien. Id mdt nin kinh le dang yong qud trinh hdi nhap sau rdng vdo kinh tl thi gidi, cd dp md ldn nen con dia chin kinh tl toan ciu nay da gay ra khdng it
tdc hgi ddi vdi kinh le Viet Nam, nhu nhiiu ngdnh san xuat kinh doanh bj dinh ddn, diu tu nude ngodi vdo Vipt Nam bi giam siit nghiem hpng; thdm hut thuong mai rit tdn do hdng logi mdi hang xuit khdu tm cgt hr chd dang tdng chuyen sang bj suy gidm cd vl sd lugng tuypt ddi va kim nggch. Thj tradng xuat khau bj thu hpp, siic mua ciia thj trudng npi dja gidm sut, kinh tl vT md gdp nhieu khd khan lam cho tdc dp tdng tmdng kinh tl eua Vipt Nam trong may ndm qua giam siit so vdi nhiing nam trade khiing hoang.
Cugc khiing hodng tai chinh todn cdu vua qua khdng nh&ng tdc ddng ddi vdi nin kinh te md cdn cd dnh hudng nhit djnh doi vdi ITnh vyc chinh In - xa hdi d Viet Nam. Dd la sy bpc Id nh&ng bat cap ciia the ehe kinh le Ihj tmdng, la nhung yeu kem trong he thdng qudn ly, dieu hdnh nen kinh te, nhdt la hong ITnh vye tdi chfnh - lien tp.
Trade tinh hinh dd, Nhd nude Viet Nam da kip thdi ban hdnh nhiing chinh sdch thich hgp va td chuc thyc bien nhieu gidi phdp nhdm kich thich Idng tmdng kinh te vd bdo dam an sinh xd hgi. Chinh phii Viet Nam da dl ra 5 nhdm chinh sach eu the vd nhiing gidi phap cdp bach nen da duy hi dugc tang tmdng kinh te d muc do nhat djnh, bdo dam ddi sdng cua ngudi dan, gi& gin xa bdi dn djnh, binh an.
Cugc khung hodng tdi chfnh - kinh te toan ciu vua qua khiln cd the gidi nhan ra nhung dilu he ygng vd doi vdi Viet Nam, cd mpt sd vin dl dat ra rdt cin dugc luu tam.
Thd nhdt, cin nhan thiie vd giai quyet dung din mdi quan he gi&a nha nude vd kinh tl thi tradng. NIU nhd nude de thj hudng ty do chi phdi nin kinh tl thi sdm mudn ciing se ldm vao tinh hgng mit cdn ddi co eau kinh tl vT md, bit dn dinh vd cudi cimg la dd vd, khung hodng. Trong dieu kipn todn cdu hda, vai trd ciia nhd nude cang can dugc chii y nhiiu hon.
Sd 843 (thang 1 nam 2013) 99
The gidi: Van de - Sy kipn T a p <hf COng sdn Hpi nghj 20 nin kinh tc phdt trien vd mdi
ndi hdng ddu thi gidi (G20) ngdy 2-4-2009 lgi Luan-ddn dd xdc djnh, sy can thipp ciia nhd nude doi vdi nen kinh tc id can Ihiel vd quan trpng. Nhd nude ndi chung cin can thipp vdo kinh te bing vipc bdo ddm mdi tmdng kinh doanh de kinh te thj tmdng hogl dpng cd hipu qud. Dd la vipe to chuc cung ling eae hdng hda cdng, gidm sdi hogt dpng ciia cdc the ehi kinh le thj trudng ludn thii phap lugl, bdo dam an sinh xd hpi vd cd eae cdng cy ciing nh&ng gidi phap cdn thiet dc can thipp khi nen kinh tl cd sy cd.
Quan diem chung Id nhu vgy nhung khd nhit lgi la xac djnh muc dp, lieu lugng cao thdp eiia quan hp nhd nude vdi thj tmdng nhu the nao la vira, the ndo Id thugn. Thyc te dd chiing td cd hai chieu: mpt chieu Id do coi nhe vai trd ciia nha nude nen dd cd hgu qud trye tiep d khdng ehi cupc khiing hodng lai chinh lan nay ma cac cupc khiing hodng trudc ddy nhu cupc dgi khiing hoang 1929-
1933. Cdn d mpt thai cyc khdc, neu sy can thipp cua nhd nude qua muc cung s6 cd tac ddng ngugc chieu, de qua dd, hdi quy lugt, kim hdm sy phdt trien ty nhien cua nen kinh te. Kinh te ke hogch hda tgp tmng la mpt bang chiing sai Idm hong chinh sach vd dieu hdnh ciia chfnh phii, cung Id lac nhan gay ra cac dd vd kinh te.
Vi the, trong khi ral Ihdng nhdt vl sy can thipp eua nhd nude ddi vdi thj tmdng khdng chi khi kinh le khiing hodng md ngay ca luc nen kinh le dang vgn hdnh thugn lgi, thi cdc nhd kinh te van cd y kien khdc nhau ve quy md vd miic dp ciia sy can thipp dd.
Su can thipp manh me thdi qua sS dan ldi cd nh&ng chinh sach kinh ll chii quan duy y chi, gay can trd sdn xuat, kinh doanh, dl khien tham hyt ngdn sach ldn, dan tdi Igm phat vd khiing hodng. Nhung neu can thipp cua nhd nude hdi hgi, khdng dii lilu lugng, se dan tdi vipc thj hirdng ty do ldm chit tinh
hinh, sdn xuit, phan phoi, luu thdng vd tl chirc, mit cdn ddi, phan cyc vd gay ra sy dii diu kinh ll, bit 6n xa hdi vd cudi cCing Iddl vd. Dilu quan trpng nhat phdi la, ray theo md hinh kinh te vd dieu kipn cy the cua timg nin kinh ll md dy lipu muc dp vd gidi phap can thipp cua nhd nude mpt cdch hgp ly, hdi hod. Day Id vin dl khd khdn nhat trong dilu hdnh kinh tl.
Thvr hai, md hinh kinh le Ihj tmdng djnh hudng xa hpi ehu nghTa d Vipl Nam la m^l lai yeu khdch quan, cd tinh uu vipl nhung can duge khdng ngimg hodn thipn. Kinh te thj tmdng la Ihdnh tyu phdt trien kinh le ciia nhdn logi, td mpt tdt yeu khdch quan. Nha nude ed vai trd quan ypng trong vipc dieu tiet kinh ic thj tmdng cung la mpl nguyen tic khdng the phii nhgn. Tu dd, vipe phdi trien md hinh kinh te thi tmdng djnh hudng xd hpi ehii nghia nhu d Vipl Nam ciing Id sy phdt trien cd tfnh quy lugt dugc vgn dung vao dieu kipn ey the cua ddt nude. O day, ciing can nhan mgnh: djnh hudng xa h$i chu nghTa trong nen kinh le ihi tmdng ciing ehinh Id sy quan ly ctia Nhd nude mpt cdch cd djnh hudng, hgp quy lugt, khoa hgc va sang tgo. Sy quan ly va can Ihipp ndy vira nhat qudn, vua mem deo, linh hogt; qudn ly d lam vT md, sao cho giai phdng tit ca ndng lyc san xuat cua xS hpi, ddng Ihdi tien lugng dupe nhihig xu the phdi trien cua nen san xuat. Nen kinh le thj tmdng dinh hudng x3 hpi ehu nghTa phdi la nen kinh te viia vgn hanh theo quy lugl khach quan, vira ed tfnh ty giac ral cao, phai cd mpl co che vgn hanh sdng tgo khdng ngimg vd ddi mdi khong ngimg.
Trong dilu kipn nen kinh te hpi nh§p toan cau, vipc bao ddm phdt triln nhanh lgi ben vihig, an loan edng can hai Ian sang tao. Lani dugc dilu dd, can thiet phdi xac djnh ro the chi kinh t^ vd co che, che lai thyc hipn; nang cao hipu lye, hipu qua quan ly, dieu tiet v!
100 s i 843 (thdng 1 nam 2013)
The gidi: Van de - Sy kien Tap chf COng s d n md cua Nha nude; hien dgi hda bg mdy qudn
ly kinh te, ndng cao chdt lugng d0i ngu edn bd qudn ly ciing nhu trinh dg quan tri kinh doanh cua doanh nghipp. Trong qud trinh v^n hanh vd hoan thipn the ehe kinh te thj tradng dinh hudng xS hgi chii nghTa, vai trd Idnh dgo cua Ddng d|ic bipt quan hgng. Tri rap, ndng lyc lanh dgo, ndng lyc cam quyen ciia Ddng, trade hel vd quan ygng hdng ddu, la the hipn hong vipe lanh dgo phdt hien kinh te, kinh te gin lien vdi chinh yj vd xa hgi, gdn ch^t vdi an ninh, quoc phdng, gdn ch§t vdi an sinh xa hgi vd binh dn dit nude.
Thic ba, cupc khiing hodng tdi chinh - kinh ll todn cdu khdng chf dua tdi hgu qud nghiem hgng vd thdch thOrc to ldn, ma cdn tao ra co hpi mdi cho mdi nen kinh te. Co hdi d ddy chinh Id qua cugc khung hodng ndy, la nhgn rd minh hon, thdy ro the mgnh vd dilm yiu ciia nen kinh te qudc ddn, thay rd dieu cdn lam vd phdi lam, dieu nen hdnh vd phdi tranh. Ddc biet, nhdn co hpi nay edn ciu tnic lai nin kinh le, cdn bang giOa ndi lye vd ngogi lye, yong do ngi lye la nhdn td quyet dinh.
Mudn cdn bdng gifla ndi lye vd ngogi lyc, trade hit, cdn xay dung nin kinh te cd linh ddc Igp, tu chu. Dd la nin kinh tl cd dii lyc, du sire bdo ddm phat yiln raong ddi dn djnh cho mpi vimg, miln; bdo ddm cung iing nhung san phdm hdng hda ddp iing nhu cau ciia todn ihl nhan dan. Dd cung la nin kinh te dugc chu ypng phdt triln edng nghiep ndng mdt cdch hgp ly dl hmg budc hang bi nhung nhu cdu cin thilt cho ea qudc phdng, an ninh.
Trong cac chinh sdch phdt tiien cy th6 ciing cdn cd sy dilu chinh lgi hgp ly hon.
Trong nhiiu nam qua, phat yiln kinh te eua Vipt Nam cd xu thd hudng ngoai, dya nhieu vdo xuit khiu va diu hr td nude ngoai. Ddu hi mrc tiip nude ngodi ed tdng ve sd lugng nhung chit lugng vd hieu qua dau tu con thip, chdt luong tang hydng chua cao. Xuat
khau ray ed nhieu khdi sic nhung chua phdi Id xuat khdu nhiing mdt hdng cd ham lugng yi rap, cdng nghp cao md mdi chi dung lai d xuit khiu nguyen lipu, hdng gia edng chi bien cd gid tri gia tdng thap.
Qk nen kinh te phdt trien ben v&ng vd hipu qud hon, can phdt huy tdi da siic mgnh ngi lyc, Idng sue cgnh tranh cua nen kinh te, coi lieu diing vd diu hi ngi dja Id bg phgn cau thdnh quan trgng ciia nin kinh te vd Id nhdn to thuc diy tdng tradng bin vthig. Ben cgnh dd, cin tiip tyc sir dyng cd hipu qud ngogi lyc, tang eudng thu hiit diu ra nude ngodi nhung phdi cd chgn lge cdng nghp tien lien, than thipn vdi mdi tradng. Ddy manh xuat khiu nhiing hang hda cd thuong hipu Viet Nam, timg budc chuyin tii md hinh kinh tl san xudt gia cdng sang cdc cdng xudng sdn xuat dl xudt khau, tang eudng xudt khdu cac logi hang hda da qua ehe bien, dugc tbi tmdng Ihl gidi chap nhdn.
Bdi hgc ldn nhit nit ra tii viee iing phd vdi cugc khung hodng tdi chfnh - kinh te loan edu lin nay la sy ty tin. Qua con khung hodng, chiing ta cang thiy hgc thuylt kinh ll mde-xit cit nghTa qud trinh sdn xuit, phan phdi luu thdng va nhihig mau thudn, bl tic vd phuong ciiu ch&a ciia nen kinh tl ra bdn chu nghia la hpc thuylt khoa hgc din nay vdn edn nguyen y nghia thdi sy. Tir nh&ng thdnh cdng cua cdng cupc ddi mdi kinh tl cua Viet Nam, chung ta tu tin hon vdi viec xay dyng nen kinh te thi tmdng dinh hudng xa hdi ehu nghia, mpt nin kinh tl yong dd vai yd ciia Nhd nude yong viec vdn hdnh, dilu tilt kinh tl ngdy cdng dugc thyc hidn mgt cdch khoa hgc, hgp ly; thj tmdng dugc phdt yiln theo quy Iu|it kinh tl khach quan vd cd sy dinh hudng bdo dam cho su dn djnh, bin v&ng, hdi hda. Dd Id md hinh phat triln kinh tl diing din dya tren ca sd ly ludn khoa hgc vd dugc thyc tien budc ddu kilm nghiem.G
So 843 (thdng I nam 2013) 101
