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KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H £ M OV
NGHIEN CUU UING DUNG KY THUAT NGAN NGUfA HllN TirONG TUT NOC KHI DflO LO QUA VJfl THAN, / VUNG DAT DA MEM YEU TAI MO THAN HA LAM
TS. DO ANH SON, TS. VU TRUNG TIEN, ThS. N G U Y I N V A N Q U A N G - Tnedng Dai hge Mo- Dja ehat
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dng nghe dung vat lieu d l gia e l dudng Id ddo qua via than va vung ddt da mim ylu,"""^ qua cac phay pha. dit da bd rdi ta phuang phdp bam phun vat lieu gia cd ddng kit nhanh vao cde khe ndt eac khdi da va than nhlm ndng cao kha nang lien kit trong khdi, ddng thdi lam tang cudng do trong khdi. Day la ky thuat gia cd dudng 16 tiln tlln tren thd gidi, vi vgy dugc sd dung rgng rai tai eac nudc Chau Au va Trung Qudc. Vat lieu gia c l dung trong nganh khai thae him Id va xdy dgng edng trinh ngdm d l gia c l khli ddt da khi dao Id qua phay pha, ehlng nudc ngdm xulng dudng Id, khai thae qua vung ddt da mim ylu, xay dung tudng each ly d l ngdn nudc, khi va chay mo. Vat lieu gian c l dugc su dung cd rit nhilu loai khac nhau tuy thude vao tinh chit, dac dilm dli tugng va mge dich sd dgng. Tai cac md him Id cua Trung Qudc va mdt s l nudc khac da sd dung vat lieu d l xu ly chen Id trong khoang trong da khai thae, rdng ndc Id. Kinh nghiem cua Trung Qudc va nhilu nudc cho thdy, viec su dung vgt lieu da dap dng dugc yeu cau dat ra id ngan ngua hien tugng tgt ndc Id gay anh hudng din qua trinh khai thae va dao Id.
Xuat phat tu vin d l thuc t l trong edng tac khai thdc va dao 16 qua via than, ddt da mim ylu va phay khdng I n djnh cua cdng ty than Ha Lim thi viec nghien cdu dp dgng ky thuat ngan ngua tut ndc Id blng vgt lipu gia ed la bai toan thilt thue.
1. Khai quat chung v l dudng Id van tai ehinh, mdc -300 md than Ha Ldm
Day la dudng Id van tai chinh trong san ga muc -300 thupc du an khai thae mdc dudi -50 cua md Ha Ldm. Dja ting xung quanh dudng 16 gdm cac Idp cupi kit, san kit, set kit xen ke nhau. Tdng nudc ngim chua nudc la cat kit, cudi, sol ndm dudi Idp phu dp td, luu lugng nudc chay vao guang Id td 2 6 m^/h.
2. Khai quat chung v l ky thuat dung hda chit d l gia cu'dng than vd ddt da
Trong khai thae hdm Id, ben eanh cdng viee khiu than trong eae Id ehg thi d n phai tiln hanh dao rat nhilu cac dudng Id phuc vu eho cdng tac khai thSix Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh dao Id khdng phai ludn dug^
thuan lgi ma se gap khd khan, su cd, tai nan xay if do nhilu nguyen nhan khac nhau. Viec ddo c^c dudng 16 qua via than va vung dit da mim ylu, qua cac phay pha la mpt trong nhung vdn d l da va dang dugc quan tam eua mpt s l md vung than Quang Ninh ndi chung va cdng ty than Ha Lim ndi rieng.
Bi giai quylt vdn d l neu tren, bai bao dd dl xudt cdng nghe bam vat lieu gia c l vdo trong c^c khe nut cua than va ddt da nhlm ngan ngua hidff tugng tgt ndc khi dao Id nhdm dam bao dilu kien an toan va dam bao edng tae khai thdc cua to^n md duge tiln hanh theo k l hoach. Ky thudt dDng vat lipu gia cd da dugc dung phd biln d cac nifdc ed nen cdng nghiep khai thae md tien tiln, tgi Tnjng Quoc ky thudt nay da duge sd dgng tu rat Idu, trong dng dung d thuc t l md chung minh dupc phuang phap nay cd uu dilm va hieu qua rit cao.
Dli vdi cae md than d vung Quang Ninh thi kJ thuat gia cd dudng Id blng vat lieu gia ed vdn cdn khi mdi va chua dugc dng dung nhilu tai eac mo. KJ thuat dung vat lipu gia e l hoan toan cd thi ung dyna d cac md than vung Quang Ninh d l giai quylt vin fli!
tgt ndc dao Id qua via than va vung ddt da bd r&l, phay pha...nhlm dap ung yeu d u cua san xuit.
3. Lua chon hda chdt gia cd va thilt bi ddng bp 3.1 Lwa chgn hoa chat gia co
Lua chgn hda chdt gia c l cd tinh d i n cdng ngh?
bam djch. hipu qua va gia thanh cua edng trinh bam djch, vi t h i ehi tieu kinh t l k> • t anh hudng tn/c tilp d i n edng trinh bam djch • -hpn dOiW hda chit gia c l phai can cd vao die, ^ (jjg chat CdNGNGHiePM0Sd4-2014
KHOA HQC VA CdNG NGHi MO eg t h i cua edng trinh. dd nut ne cua dit da vd mue dO rln mim eua dit dd.
Hidn nay. hda ehdt gia ed dugc diing d l tang cudng mdc dO bin vdng cua than tai guang Id chg vd gia eudng dit da trong qua trinh ddo Id ed nhilu logi khde nhau dugc san xuit bdi eac nudc cd nin cdng nghiep khai thdc md tien tiln vd dugc chinh cde nudc nay dd vd dang sd dgng rdng rdi, vi dg nhu. Trung QuIe. Ddc. Ba Lan...
Qua phdn tich va nghien edu dtlu kien dja chit, tinh chit eua dit da ma dudng Id dao qua, bdi bao dd Iga ehgn loai vat lieu DMT-601A/B do Trung QuIc san xuit dung d l gia c l cae ldp ddt da vd ngdn ngda hien tugng tut ndc cua dudng Id
DMT-601A/B Id mdt logi vdt lieu (bam dung djch) cao phdn tu hai chdt huu ca (ky hipu Id A vd B) hgp thanh, khi thi cdng dua theo hon hgp t h i tieh 1:1, cd hieu qua khi tiln hanh gia c l via than vd d i t da xung quanh mdm y l u , tai vgn Bam dung djch vdo gia e l guang than d l phdng trd Id guang.
Uu dilm eua chit nay la thdi gian vd tic dO phan dng va ddng kit nhanh, gia thanh phu hgp, each dCing dan gian. nhanh chdng dua edng tdc khai thae than trd lai, khli lugng edng vipc thue hien it, ndng eao mdc dO an toan. Cac thdng s l ly hda cua chit gia c l than va dit da DMT-601A/B xem Bang 1
Bing 1. Chi tieu tinh nang cOa chStgia cd than vi ditdi DMT-601A/B Hang muc
Tinh nang c h i t t u a n g dieh
Tinh nang phan dng
Be ngoai D d d i n h ( m P a - s / 2 5 " C )
D i l m c h d p ("C) Ty trgng (kg/m"^) T i le s u dung (tl le t h i tich) T h d i gian c6 t h i luu dgng (min)
Tinh chdng chay Nhiet do phan d n g cao nhdt (^C)
Kha nang so l l n tao bgt C u d n g do khang ap (MPa) C u d n g do khang keo (MPa) C u d n g dd ket dinh (MPa)
Chi tieu Nhdm A Mau vang nhat den dich the trong s u i t khdnq mau
200+350 Khong chay
1020±10
N h 6 m B Dieh t h i mau nau dam
150+250
> 2 0 0 1230110 Nhdm A : Nhdm 8=1,1
0+50 Phu h g p tieu chuan MT-113
<140 1.0+5
>55
>20
>3
3.2 Lwa ehgn dong bg thiet bi
Lga ehgn thilt bj ddng bp ca gidi bao gom:
mdy bam, cut ndi. vdi bam, ddng hd do dp lue, dudng Ing eao dp. d i u nd bit lo khoan va may khoan. Khi lua chpn ding bg thilt bj, ngoai vipe tlnh din yeu elu v l tinh thieh dng cua chat gia c l vdi edng nghe bam cdn phai tinh d i n yeu cau cdng trinh vd dilu kipn mdi trudng. Vi t h i , d l thudn Igi hoan thanh vipc thi cdng bam thi cin phai Ig'a chpn thilt bj dong bp phu hgp, ddng thdi phai du v l s l lugng.
• Bam phun hda chit gia co
D l pha trdn hon hgp hda chit DMT-601 A/B, sd dgng td hgp bam ZBQS 10/10-11 (xem H.1). Ddy la t l hgp bam duge phdp sd dgng trong cac md him Id, nai cd dO nguy hilm v l khi metan va n l bgi than.
Ode tinh ky thudt cua t l hgp bam xem Bang 2, HI Miy bam hda chit to^i ZBQS 10/10-11 CdNGNGHl£PM0Sd4-2014
KHOA HOC VA CdNG NGHE MO
Bing 2. Die tinh ky thuat cua ti hop bom ZBQS 10/10-li
Thdng sd Khi ap cung cap Khi ap dinh muc Luu lugng djnh mdc Ap Igedinh mdc Ti lp hdn hgp Ti lp ap Igc Lugng khi tdn hao Trong luang
Kich thudc (daixrdngxcao)
Gia tri 0.4-0.7 MPa 0.5 MPa 12 L/min 10 Mpa 1:1 35/1 2 m^/min 85 kg
560x630x1100 mm
• Thiet bi khoan. Be khoan eae 16 khoan phuc vu bam vat lieu hda chit, co t h i dung loai may khoan khi nen elm tay cua Trung Qudc san xuat la ZQS-35. Dac tinh ky thuat xem Bang 3.
Bang 3. Dac tinh ky thuat cua may khoan ZQS- 3 Thdng sd ky thuat
Ap lgc khi lam viee Ap lgc khi dinh muc Vdn t i c quay khi khdng tai Momen quay khi bi mit tdc Momen quay dinh mdc Lugng khi thai ra Ap lgc nudc rua (khoan khi dang udt)
Dudng kinh mui khoan Trpng lugng ea may
Dan vi MPa MPa r/min N.m r/min Nm m'^'min
MPa mm kg
Tri so 0,4+0,63
0,5
>1200
>70 S500
>35 2,6 0,6+1,8
38+42 11 4. Thiet ke xay dung, tinh toan cac thdng sd cua phuang an thi cdng cho dudng Id van tai ehinh trong san ga muc -300 md Ha Ldm
4.1. Ngi dung cic phuxmg an
• Khoan cac Id khoan vao ndc Id d nhung vj tri cd nguy ca tgt ndc
• Su dgng thilt bj dong bO ehuyen dgng bam ep hda chdt gia c l da Iga ehpn vao trong cdc tl khoan, td day hda chit gia e l xdm nhdp sdu vdo cac khe ndt cua than va d i t da nhlm tgo mli lidn kit giua cde khli vdi nhau.
4.2. Trinh tw thwc hien
B^ han ehe su c l Id guang va tgt ndc ed thi thuc hdn cdng tac lam ddng cdng hda than vd dit da blng hdn hgp hda chit. Cdng viec duac tiln hanh nhu sau:
• Khoan eae Id khoan d l bam phun hda chit;
<* Cdm cdc ong ddn hda chit vao l5 khoan;
*> Nli Ing d i n hda chdt vao td hgp bam hda chit;
• Bam hdn hgp hda chit vao Id khoan, hin hgp se lan tda trong Id khoan va cac khe nut, ding thdi lam kin l5 khoan va cdng vung phin dat da, ngan ehgn khdng cho keo dinh ehay ngugc lai;
• Thao van dng dan hda chdt ra de tai su dgng tilp.
4.3. Tinh toan sa bg khdi Iwang vat ligu gia co cin ditng
(Dg kiln su dung tren 16 m ehieu dai cua dudng Id). B^ gia d ede dudng Id dao qua dit da mim ylu, d i tgt Id tien hanh khoan cac lo khoan ttieo bidn Id (tgi phin ndc), moi hsng gim 3 Id, moi lo sdu 2 m dl bam phun hda c h i t Sau mdi chu ky dao Id (1,6 m) se tiln hanh bam phun hda chit mdt lln vdi chilu ddi dudng Id dg kiln d n gia ed la 16m thi tdng eOng cdc Id khoan la 30 Id. Theo kinh nghipm cua nudc ngodi (mdt s l rnd tiian tgi Tmng Qudc va mOt s l nudc khac), khli lugng hon hgp hda chdt tieu had trong tnj'dng hgp nay tai mli lo khoan td 20+30 kg (dl tdi tam tga chpn khdi lupng hda ehit tieu hao cho mli l6 khoan la 20 kg). Vay ting khli lugng hda chit Id:
Q3=30 lo khoan 20 kg/l6=66o (kg).
L i khoan bam phun hia d d
H.2. Sa do nguyen /y thi hign bam hda chat gia co dat da vach de ngan ngua sut Id CdNGNGHlCPM0Sd4-2014
KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHt MO j m
4.4. Wu diem eua phtrong an
• Sd dgng dan gian. cdng tac thi eong nhanh
• Bao ddm dd cdng vdng cua thdnh Id, tang cdng tde an todn lao dOng. tranh trudng hgp xd vgn vi ehlng khi dudng Id qua vung ddt da ylu
• Will lugng edng vipe phai thuc hipn it, chi phi vdn tai thlp (khli lugng van tai phai van chuyin thlp)
5. K i t lugn
Bdi bdo thdng qua viec nghien cdu dilu kidn dja chit vd cae ylu t l anh hudng din hien tugng tgt ndc trong qua trinh dao Id qua via than vd vung dit da mim ylu cua md than Ha Lim, ding thdi d l xuit giai phap xu ly ngdn ngda hipn tugng tgt ndc Id xay ra blng each dCing kJ thugt bam hda chit logi DMT- 601A/B cua Tmng QuIc qua Id khoan vao cac khe ndt cua khli than vd dit da d l gia d . Ky thudt dung hda chit ndy cho thiy cd hidu qua eao ddi vdi vipe gia d edc via than vd dit da mim ylu, bd rdi, lam cho dudng Id In dinh dan din qua trinh ddo Id dugc tiln hdnh lidn tgc va lam tang mdc dp an toan.n
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Tai lidu v l dieu kien dja chit md than Ha Lim.
2. Dong Thgc Kiln, Tdn Ich Kiln. O'ng dgng ky thudt gia d guang Id chg khai thae ca gidi hda ding bO md than Tra Thdnh-Tu Chdu. Tap chi quan ly vd kJ thudt tai nguyen-Trung QuIc. Ky 3 nam 2012, trang 62 (ban tiing Tnjng).
Ngtrdi bien t$p: Vo Trgng Hung
During the driving process through areas having complicated geological conditions such as faults, weak rock... there will have the roof convergence causing many difficulties in advancing face and support works, and leading to the interrupted technological links, not only affecting the labor productivity, mining production and working plan but also making unsafe for people working in mine. The study and application of alternatives for solving problems the roof convergence is essential to maintain normal operations for the mine and ensure the safe working conditions for the workers.
NGHIEN CUU DE XUAT...
(Tiip theo trang 49)
• Ddnh gid I n c^nh bd md tnjyIn thing dga tren nguydn ly edn blng Igc. Theo nguyen ly ndy, hinh dgng bd md dugc xac djnh nhu mpt dudng thing trdn mdt d t ddng vd ehi Uiich hpp vdi edc md ndng;
• Gia djnh khli da Id dong nhat va dan hii 6\xgc ddt tai chinh bdi trpng lugng cua nd vd md cd dgng hinh elip, phdn tich anh hudng v l khdng gian tren bd md khai thdc xulng sdu dupc thgc hidn. Bdi bdo ndy dua ra mli quan hd gida gdc I n (^nh bd md vd cdc thdng s l ea hpc cua khli dd, bdn kinh ngang cOa md khai thdc xulng sdu. Mdi quan hd the hidn gdc I n djnh bd md tdng din vdi sg gia tdng v l chilu sdu khai thdc, ding thdi I n djnh khli dd trdn bd md sdu han tdng, no Id ca sd ly thuyit Iga ehpn bd md dgng ldi d l giam khoi lugng dd thai phai bdc trong edc md khai thdc 10 thidn xulng sdu vd dua ra giai phap sa bp tinh todn hinh dgng hgp ly cho cde bd md;
•:• Ly thuyit ndy khdng ehi phdn tieh I n djnh dli vdi bd md phlng md edn cd the dp dgng cho tnj'dng hgp I n djnh bd md dgng lii. Khli lugng dit dd phai bdc trdn bd gidm so vdi khi phdn tich ly thuyit I n djnh bd md theo phuang phdp truyln thlng.D
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1. Le Vdn Duln (2009) "Quy hogch phat triln ngdnh than din ndm 2015, xet triln vgng din 2025", Cdng ty CP Tu vin D i u tu Md vd Cdng nghipp-Ha Npi.
2,1 rdn Mgnh Xudn, 2006. Gido trinh I n djnh bd md ting vd bai thai md 10 thien, Trudng Dgi hge Md-Dja chit.
3. A.R., Bell, F.G., 2001. Stability assessment and slope design at Sandsloot open pit.
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences4.
Ngwdi bien t$p: Ho Si Giao
At present the open pit mines in Vietnam has a tendency exploiting deeper. The difficulties of this exploiting tendency are so factors: demand of the big eliminating rocl<
quantity; demand the big necessary area to locate the dumping ground. The paper analyses anf prove that the mine rocit convex ramp is proper for the deep open pit mines in Vietnam.
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