giua khu do thi moi va lang xom do thi hoa tai khu vuc ma rpng thu do Ha Npi
ThS. L e X u a n H u n g
Tom tat
Dirdi tac d^ng cua do thj hoa, ngay cang co nhieu l^ng xdm nfing nghiep du'<prc chuyen doi vao trong cau triic d6 thj. Van de nay da tac d^ng v^ t^o l^p nhimg khdng gian chira dung su- tr6n ilin cSc hinh thai dd thi v^ nong thon.
Tinh gan Icet 1^ yeu cau du-grc dat ra nhSm giai quyet c&c bat dong trong su* dung khdng gian tren. Vdi muc tieu h u ^ g tdi s y phat trien dn djnh, giai quyet su- gan k i t giu^ hai thirc t h i khdng chi la giai quyet cac vSn d l vS ket noi giao thdng, ha tang ki thuat m i can phai giai quyet c i c mSu thuan giura cac td chii'c xa hoi, cac ho^t d$ng kinh te, hoa nh|ip vdi doi sdng do thi, nang cao chat lu-o-ng s6ng va phat buy, bao ve cac gia trj truyen thdng.
Abstract
Under ongoing of urbanization, many agricultural villages are transfonned into urban structure. This issue has impacted and created the space, which contains the mixture of urban and rural morphology. Coherence is required to resolve the disagreement in using this place.
With the aim of sustainable development, the coherence of two entities needs to solve the transportation and mfrastructure issue, the social contradiction, urban integration, economic activities and preservation.
ThS. Le Xu&n HUng
BQ mon Thiet ke do thi - l^hoa Quy hogch Do thi vi Email: Hung.lexuan.March.UD [email protected] DT: 0936 800 809
I.Gidi thi$u chung
Vdi Ijch sd han 1000 nam hinh thinh phit triln, thinh pho H i Nfil da trai qua nhilu thdi ky khic nhau Thdi ky phong kiln, Ha Nfli mang dgm nhOng bleu hign cua dd th| phdng v$, eung c l quyin lyc vdi 2 y l u t l tao l i p chinh l i "thinh" v i "thj" ^*\ tuang do! cich xa vdi c i c ling xdm nfing nghiep. Thdi ky Phip thufic. Ha Nfil bat dau cd nhung dau higu eua Dfi thj h o i vdi viie hinh thinh e i c khu chdc nang v l q u i n trj, s i n xult, hogt dflng dich vy ...'^' tLrang phan ro ret ve to chdc khdng gian gida dfi thj va l i n g xdm v i hinh thinh quan h i kinh t l - xa hdi giua hai khu vye thfing qua hoat dfing cung dng hang hoa v i djCh cy. Thdi ky thong nhat va phit trien dat nydc. Ha Nfil t r i i qua cac giai doan thing trim bdi t i e ddng kinh t l - x i hfii. Giai doan trydc D i i mdi (nim 1986)'*°^ hinh t h i i dd thi d i e trung la c i c khu n h i d tgp t h i , xay dyng thap tang quanh cac cdng trinh edng cfing tgp trung, g i n e i c ling ven dd t**'. Dae dilm sinh hogt v i t l chdc khdng gian cho t h i y s y co ging x o i nhoi khic biet giua dd thj va ndng thdn (ngudi dan cai ndi cho d t y do, thgm chi chan nudi...). Vigc di dan t d c i c vung ndng thdn v i o dfi thj bj han che bdi rio c i n ciJa c i c hogch djnh chinh sach, ehl cd mfit so doi tuang nhat djnh, chu yeu la cflng nhin viin chdc, hogc can bfi quan dfii mdi cd dieu kien tilp c i n c i c khu d t i p t h i nay'^, Gial dogn sau D i i mdi (td 1986- nay), hinh t h i i dfl thj co nhilu biln d$ng nhay vot. Thanh p h i trd thanh trung tam dau t y kinh te ciJa N h i nudc, l i dia b i n thu hut nhilu vdn d i u ty nydc ngoii. Dd thj du^c md rfing mgnh me vdi nhilu khu cdng nghiep va cac khu dd thj mdi dugc xay dyng tren nen dat ndng nghiip cOa ling xom ven dd ^K Trong giai dogn nay, khoing each khfing gian giua khu dfl thj mdi v i ling xdm nflng nghiip thu hep ding ke, t h i m chi chong lan dan xen'^. Su friay d l l nhanh chdng mang d i n nhilu bat cgp trong to chdc ddi s i n g dan cu, to chdc hoat d§ng kinii te va xuat hign nhung khflng gian v d vun, tuang phan va d i i l i p l^l'^, dgc biit tgi khu vyc giap ranh giii'a khu dd thj mdi v i ling xom dfl thj hda.
Xuyen suit qua trinh Ijch sd, m i l quan h i khang khit giua dd thj va nflng thdn l i m^t d i e trung g i n chit vdi sy phat triln cua thanh pho H i Npi'^^f*', Su phat trien n i y d i n g nghTa vdi viec md ring khfing gian dd thj t i l n gan han tdi c i c ling xdm ndng nghigp P', t i c dfing tdi s y chuyin doi cau true ling xdm thinh c i c dan vj d trong dd Uij'^. Vdi sy phat trien khdng ngdng, t d nam 1954 den nay, thinh pho H i Nfli d i nhieu lan dugc dieu ehinh m d rfing, l i m t i n g ding k l v l quy mfi difin tich va d i n s i . Hiin nay, do an "Quy hogch ehung thu dfi H i Nfil d i n
KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE
• • Khi«»|iiai tag ] % dvng •* iJ^ din- I I KlM«fl4H«flH0WhD«tl
Hinh 1: Sd do phan bo cac khu d mdi va lang xom do thj hoa tai cac khu vu'c md rong thanh pho Ha Noi
2030, t i m nhin den 2050", dygc lgp sau khi s i p nhip H i T i y v i o H i Nfil, dang duo'c triln kiiai thyc hiin, Trong d l i n , vCing khfing gian chda dyng nhung tiilu hien pha trgn do thj - nfing thdn chiem mfit dien tich Idn cho thay t i e dpng dd thj h o i ti> nhung phit trien hiin nay.
Theo quy hogch chung thu dd Ha Nfil, khu vuc md rfing cua dfl thj Ha Nfil phin i n h rd r i t q u i trinh dfl thj hoa trong thdi ki mdi vdi cic m i u thuan giua hai thai cue Dfl thj v i Ndng thdn trong c i c hogt dflng kinh t l , t l chdc ddi sing, giu gin phit huy nhOng gia tri d i e trung, va bao v i mdi tnrdng. Bilu hign eua nhdng m i u thuin dygc nhgn dign rd rgt tgi khu vue giip ranh giua khu dd thj mdi v i ling xdm dd thj hoi bao tmm len mdt dign tich Idn, gom:
Khu npi dd m& rpng: Gom 4 phin khu B l , B2, B3, B4 thufic dja b i n cae quin T i y H6, Bae Td Liem, Nam Tu Liem, Cau Giay, Thanh Xuan, Hoing Mai. D i y la khu vyc eho phip gia tang dan so v i phat triln hoan thiin hg thing hg ting ca sd dya tren eae thuc trgng v l phan b l c i c khu d i n ey mdi v i lang xom do thj h o i .
C4c chuoi dd ttij phia Ddng d u o n g vanh dai 4 nam trong dia b i n eae huygn Oan Phugng, Hoai Due, H i Dong, Thanh Tri va chuSi dd thi phia Bac song Hong nam trang dja bin cac huyin Ddng Anh, M i Linh, Gia L i m . O i y l i nhyng khu vyc phit tnen mdi nham giam t i i i p lyc v i d i n s i va n h i d cho khu vye trung t i m Ha N0i.
Vigc hinh thinh mdi ddi hdi cd sy k i t n l i dong bd giua c i c khu d mdi vdi eac ling xdm ndng nghiip hiin hOu.
Cd t h i thiy, su t i c dflng cua cac yeu t l dfi thj len cic ling xdm la mgnh me ca v l hinh thai khfing gian v i quSn ly hanh ehfnh '^'. Trong boi cinh chju nhilu i p lyc ciia phat t n i n md rgng dfl thj, khoang each giya khu dfl tiij mdi va lang xdm dd thj hda cing dugc thu hgp tao nen nhieu bat c i p trong ddi song cung nhu to chdc khdng gian v i tao lap nen nhung hinh t h i i khflng gian "dj bigt", khong lien tye, khdng ddng nhat ^^\ Mgc du la nhOng klnfing gian khdng lien tyc, nhung chinh nhdng khdng gian nay M ddng vai trd quan trgng trong vigc xay dyng hinh inh S6 thj (nhu la cgnh bien eua d i i tugng quy tiogeh) ding th&i phan anh eic d i e tinh ve ket noi, ke thda v i ehuyin tilp trong to chuc khdng gian dfi thj,
2. Thipc trgng ve gan k i t khdng gian giO>a khu do thj mdi va lang xdm dd thj h o i trong c i c khu virc dd thj m d rdng
Vd nhimg hiin dpng tgi khu vu-c ven l^ng xdm va khu dd th! nidi
Vdi su phit triln cua thinh phd Ha NOI, nhilu lira xdm nong nghigp dugc ehuyen doi v i o c i u trCic dfl thj^.
Trong dd, khu vye ven l i n g xdm chju t i c d$ng dd Vn\ h ^ mgnh me nhit bdi sy bien d i i loi song, k h i ning ehuyen d l l nghi nghiip v i s y gia tang thu nhip td chuyin nhugng d l t dai. Ket q u i l i sy biln d l l hinh thii khfing gian va e l u tnic kmh t l - xa hfii E^"^!^". V l kinh t l , c i c hO d i n phan Idn chuyin d l l sang eac hogt dfing kinh te pW , ndng nghigp quy mo nhd, t y do, khdng e l djnh, phin inti
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TAP CHi KHOA HOC K I E N T R U C - X A Y D U N Gling xom han la e i c khu vye ben trong, d i n tdi su t i c h , hgp thua d i i n ra lien tyc, x i y dyng c i c cdng trinh nha d theo kieu n h i Ilin k l , Ifi ph6 vdi mgt do cao va cd hinh ding, kich thudc khic nhau '^'. Khil tieh v i ehleu cao edng trinh khong dong nhit, nhung cflng trinh x i y dung tgi khu vyc lan cgn vdi khu dd thj mdi ed chilu cao ldn han so vdi e i c efing trinh nam trong Idi cua lang xdm dfi th| hda. Xuat hign t h i m nhung cflng trinh hg t i n g xa hoi tai khu vyc ven, ria ling xdm dd thj hda ^\ X u l t hien nhieu xung dgt giao thdng va c i e mit giao thdng thudng giao c i t tryc tilp, xult h i i n vdi mat do khong deu nhau trin toan tuyen giao thfing dd thi khi di ngang qua c i c khu vye ling xdm do thj hda,
Trong djnh hudng md rOng dfi thj, ngay c i n g nhieu khu d mdi duac hinh thinh lan cgn vdi cac lang xdm ndng nghiip, tgo ap iyc tryc t i l p tdi toe dfi dfi thi h o i Bdi eac van de v l d i u ty, t i i chinh, ehlln lugc kinh doanh v i canh Uanh trong phit triln khu dfl thj mdi, thue t l hign nay dang cho t h i y sy b i t cgp trong kiem soit xay dung v i v i n h i n h cae khu vye biin cCia nhung khu dd thj mdi.
Hau h i t eac khu dfl thj mdi it quan tam tdi c i c chdc nang ha t i n g co sd nhy bai gdi xe, d i l m dung dd xe, cdng trinh phue Igi nhu y t l , chg, tardng hpe ... dan tdi vigc hinh thanh tu phat tren nhdng khu vyc tilp giap hogc sd dgng ehung e i c t i i n ich d i cd eua cac ling xdm dugc chinh trang c i i tgo, tgi e i c khu vye giip ranh. Khu dfl thj mdi dygc hinh thinh d i u chu trgng v i o tinh dfie lgp, it k i t n l i vdl c i c khu vye hiin huu xung quanh, Hinh thai khong gian chung d i u cho t h i y sy tuang phan mgnh me gida phin do thj va phin ling xdm trong eung mdt khdng gian tiep giip giua 2 y l u t l t r i n . V l ca elu chi^c nang, h i u h i t cac khu dd thj dygc quy hogch theo nguyen tac phan cap ehde nang eiia \^ thuyet dan vj d Clarence Perry, vdi cic cum nha d dygc b l tri d bao quanh c i c Idi cdng cdng tmng t i m . Tuy nhiin, nhung Igi the ve thugn tign giao thflng va chju anh hudng cCia hogt dfing i i n can, cac chdc nang vung b i i n da ed sy bien doi tang mat dfl xay dyng, chieu cao cdng trinh, diin tfeh s i n x i y dyng hogc chuyen d l l chuc nang t d d i t djch vy cdng cflng sang chdc nang hin hgp cd nha d . H i u q u i l i thieu cay xanh, khdng gian song chat ehdi chua dygc e i i thiin, V l n de n i y dan tdi c i c pha v d c i u tnic ban d i u etia khu dfl thi mdi
Ve phan bo c6c chdv nSng dd thi
Vigc to chdc khfing gian trong khu vyc thudng dugc nghien cdu quy hoach vdi xu hudng dap dng eae nhu c i u ban than ciia d i i tugng. Do viy, nhung khu vyc tilp giip giua khu dd thj mdi v i ling xdm dd thj h o i ehd y l u ia c i e tuyen giao thdng v i dgc tuyin l i c i c cflng trinh nha d. Trong thye t l sd dyng, nhyng khdng gian chdc nang hau h i t da b i l n d i i .
Vi nha d. Phln Idn d l t dai tgi khu vyc tiep giap giya khu dd thj mdi v i l i n g xdm dfi thj h o i dygc b l tri nha d . Ben phia khu dfi thj mdi, viic b l tri n h i d co ban tuin thii theo nhdng y i u e i u quy hogch. Ben phia ling xdm dfl thi h o i , v i i e x i y dyng n h i d phin Idn l i t y phat, it tuan thu theo cac quy ^ n h q u i n \)f x i y dyng do thj.
vi cdng cdng vd dich vg. Bdi thyc trgng lan chilm d l t dai, sd dyng ehCi y l u eho x i y dyng n h i d , do vgy, vigc bo tri c i c khu d l t cho cdng efing v i djch vy thydng han hgp.
trong q u i trinh sy dyng thudng xay ra hign tugng q u i t i l , hogc tai lan chilm cae khdng gian cflng cdng khic de sd dung.
Vi mang giao thong kit noi. Trong h l u h i t cae khu vyc tiep giap vdi ling xdm dfl thj hoa, cac khu dd thj mdi d i u thilt lap tuyin giao thflng nham gom cae ngo xdm va khong e h l cac ifii tiep c i n vao ben trong. Vigc thilt l i p vda mang Igi kha nang phan phdi v i t i p trung cae hg thong ha t i n g ky thugt, vira mang tdi nhieu kha nang t i l p e i n ra ben ngoai eho dan cu trong cac ling xdm, tgo them dfing luc phit tnen. Ben canh viic tgo dyng c i c co hfii eho phat trien ling xdm dfl thj h o i , vigc sd dyng cac tuyen giao thfing nay con ton tgi nhilu b i t c i p v l quy mfi, thilt l i p m i t c i t giao thfing v i i n h hydng tdi kiln tnic cdng trinh cai tgo sau khi hinh thanh tuyen dudng.
Ve hg thong ha ting ki thugt: T d nhdng v i n de Ijch sd de lgi, v i pham vi lap quy hogch, trong nhilu khu vye giap ranh cdn ton tgi nhdng b i t c i p v l hinh i n h khflng gian dfl thj bdi mgng tudi ha tang kT thugt
Ve to chuc khdng gian kien true cin/i guan Thye te hinh thanh d i cho thay sy l^n xfln, thilu ro ring giua hinh thai khu dfl th| mdi vdi ling xdm dfl th; hoa trong nhung bieu hien sau:
Sg thiiu tinh kit noi giOa khu do thj mdi va lang xdm dd thj hoa. Sy hinh thanh c i c khu dd thj mdi t i c dfing tdi sy v i n dfing djch chuyin ciia ling xdm nfing nghiep, tir do n i y sinh nhilu b i t cap trong lien k i t khfing gian. Khu dfi thj mdi dygc hinh thinh bdi eie nhu c i u v l n h i d v i ed tfnh cgnh tranh, do dd, hinh thuc mgng giao thdng thudng d l cao sy k i t n l i ben trong, sy lyu thflng tdi nhdng khu vyc cd phin bo d i n cy mdi, ma it quan t i m tdi cae dau noi tdi cac lang xdm hien cd. Thue t l n i y d i n tdi viic k i t n l i t y phit td ling xdm dd thj h o i tdi kiiu dd thj mdi, sy tham gia eiia nhilu phuong tien giao thflng khac nhau, sy b i t hgp ly ve phin bo cac diem ddng do xe gay t i e ddng khdng nho tdi an toan sd dyng eCia ngudi d i n .
Thiiu gin kit trong cac dac diem kiin trOc va xay dung cdng trinh. Vigc xay dung Ifin xfin, It t u i n thii theo c i c quy c h i q u i n 1;^ dd thj dien ra chii y l u b i n phia ling xom do thj hoa Them v i o dd, dfl thi h o i t i c d^ng mgnh me tdi sy biln doi ve nhan thdc, 111 song, thdi quen ciia nhdng ngudi d i n tai cac khu vyc ven dfi thj, C i c t i c dgng nay khiln cho khu vyc cd hogt dfing x i y dyng dien ra lien tuc, vdi nhieu hinh khoi, kilu ding, ngdn ngy kiln tnic, vgt ligu ... khic nhau mang lai mgt bdc tranh h i n dgn, thilu g i n ket vdi nhdng dac diem kiln tnic v l n cd, va giua hai d i i tugng nghien cdu trong cung mgt khdng gian
Swbiin mat cac khong gian cdng cgng: Vdi dgc diem phit triln thieu dong bg t d vigc ehuyin hoa sang e l u true dd thj etia ling xdm ndng nghiip v i t d hoach djnh khfing gian trong ranh gidi riing bigt cua c i c khu dfi thi mdi, viic hgn che ve quy d i t cung nhy ve phin bo chuc n i n g cdng efing da t i c dfing tdi c i e hogt dgng sd dung. B i n cgnh dd, nhu c i u chuyen d i i nghe nghiip, sy phit trien ciia eac logi hinh ea t h i cung t i c dgng klidng nhd tdi s u dyng tron^ c i c khflng gian cdng c^ng. Sy gia t i n g eua eic nhu eau thuang mgl djeh vy, viie thu lgi td xay dyng c i c cdng trinh t i c dfing mgnh me tdi q u i trinh bien doi
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KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE
VOngMlwhig 01 tlriB d«t luvng xty dtfiiQ
>^;-.--;-.Mftnu CM, b6 H efc ofcB tt*Hto i rV.,v- . - . .»*v
Hinh 2: Stf do bien doi khong gian du'6i tac dpng ciia do tiij hoS tai cac lang xdm trong khu vu'c do thj mtf rong
trong khu dfi thj mdi v i ling xdm dd thj hoa dan tdi vifie d i n trong khu dd thj mdi. Do vgy, vigc g i n kit khdng gian thiiu eic khfing gian efing efing l i p h i biln tgi nhilu nai. l i c i n thiet va to chdc khdng gian gan k i t cin dap Ong wi, C i c khdng gian efing efing bj t u nhin h o i nhilu hon bdi giai quylt c i e thye tien tren. Theo quy hoach diung M^
nhu elu v l hogt dfing kinh t l , bdi thdi quen chiem giu' dfi H i Nfil den 2030, tam nhin den 2050 dang dugc t r i ^ khdng gian phia trudc cdng trinh, va bdi sy hgn e h l v l khai thuc hign, vige to chdc khdng gian gan kit g""^ '''^••' quy d i t dai. Do vgy, hogt dgng edng efing phil diln ra dan ' - . . ^
xen, ching cheo vdi c i e hogt dfing khie, trong cac khdng gian md cua nha chung cu, cdng trinh v i n hoi...
a km' dd thj mdi v i ling xdm do thi hoa c i n tuan thii theo ^^
yeu cau v l , - ^ Phat huy tot c i c Igi the tir hoat ddng kinh te dia phuong
l\flol quan hg kinh te giua dd thj v i ndng thon l i Bi6i quan he huu ca khing khit va dugc bilu hiin rd r$ttgi khu vyc nfil dfi md rfing eua H i N$i. Cie khfing gian p i T thoa gida khu dfi thj mdi va l i n g xdm dfi thj hda l i nhOng khu vyc "thyang mgi" budn ban, trao d l l nhdng s i n o t ^ B hing hda ndng nghiip. t i l u thu cflng nghiip dyge cuT^
c i p t d nhung l i n g xdm dd thj hda lien ke. Do dd, viic gin k i t khdng gian tgi d i y c i n dam b i o sy on djnh cho cic hogt dfing kinh te ff!a phuang. C i e yeu cau nghiin ciiu
dugc lam rd trong c i c ngi dung: ^ H ,. • - i - - i.. r Tich hop c^c ho^t dgng thuxmg mai, djch vg traW
diem t i p k e t v i thu gom r i c thai,vi hg thong thoat nudc cdng trinh nhd d. Trong Biyc t l hoat dfing kinh tlj:ho t h § thieu ddng bfl. j(y hudng chuyen doi ehde nang trong nha d, dien ra Hm o VA - * - I.'* I.I.- • ^ . . i tyc tgi ca hai b i n khu vuc lang xdm dfi ttij h o i va khu dfl Dh6 H i N6i " " " ^ " ' " " " • " " «<= '^3 "''">' " " ^ * " 5 " " W aSn vcr, cSc host ' dfing thuong mgi djch vy nhu bufln b i n , kinh doanh, cho Xem x i t lgi q u i trinh hinh thanh cho thiy ban chit ^hue cda hing. Vdi viec kilm soit khfing gian mang tinh eiJa nhdng biln dgng, nhdng bilu hiin hinh thai khflng dfic lgp eua tdng d i i tugng (lang xdm dd thj h o i v i khu flfl gian phin i n h sy v i n dgng khach quan cua dfi thj h o i td ^^i "^°'') ve ehilu eao, khoing liii, m i t dfi x i y dyng d i n tW cic nhu c i u v l chuyin doi nghe nghigp, nang cao c h i t c i e m i u thuin hogt dfing v i t i m ly sd dyng. Cung vdl * . iygng sdng cua ngydi d i n trong cae ling xdm, c i c nhu vigc khong c h i ehilu cao cong trinh, m i t dfi x i y dyng c a | elu t l chdc khfing gian song, mfli tnrdng sing eua eu 9'^^" s y khae biit gida khu dd thj mdi vdi l i n g xdm dd t l |
h o i ve cae hogt dfing t h u o ^ mai, djch vy'^l - Phd vd cdc lien kit cdnh guan va mdi trudvig: Trong
nhilu khu vyc giip ranh khdng cd to chdc tuyen giao thfing phin tach m i dygc x i y dyng cae day n h i quay lung, i p sat vdi khu d i n cu ling xdm hiin cd. Vigc hinh thinh niy xuit phii bdi sy tgn dung quy d i t duac giao cho xiy dyng dfl thi mdi tgo ra mflt mdi tordng xay dyng Ifin xfin, thilu rd rang v l c i c viing khfing gian dge tryng.
Nhilu noi, xuat hifin nhdng khfing gian 'xen ket, ven dy i n " '^1 giua hai d i i tugnp. Trong mgt so khu vyc khfing gian bj biln doi theo chieu hudng tliu cyc Cung vdi dd l i cic bilu hign d nhiim mdi tnrdng td khdi byi, t d c i c hogt ddng xay dung v i giao thdng, td c i c b i t c i p ve dia
16
TAP CH KHOA HOC K I E N T R U C - X A Y D U N GKhu vyc biln dQng diya kilnri sodt
m
Ling xdm dathi hda
Khu vvrc chuydn doi chuc ning mucflQcao
Hinh 3: Stf do bien doi khong gian di/dl tac dong cua do thj hoa tai cac khu do thj mdi
Giam thieu cdc biin ddng thay dPi vi dien tich 6 dat, dipn tich nha. C i e cdng trinh xay dyng h i u h i t deu ed xu hydng tien s i t han nua tdi mat dudng, nhim md rgng toi da khdng gian hign cd va chiem dyng khfing gian ngoai n h i . Hign tugng chiem dyng via h i , thgm chi c i Idng dudng cho cac hogt dgng s i n xuit, b i y ban hing h o i , g i y i n h hudng tdi vigc di Igi, C i c d dat, mgt ddng efing trinh liin bjc biln ddng bdi cae hogt dfing tieh, hgp thCra d i L Nhung bilu hign tren p h i n i n h sy ehuyin d i i n g h i nghiip va sy thi'ch nghi vdi ddi sing dd ttij, nhung chua cd sy to ehde s i p x I p khong gian hgp ly. Do viy, vigc tich hgp khdng gian, giim thilu c i c biln dgng d i t dai c l n thiet duge nghiSn edu tgo ea sd phit trien cac hogt dfing kinh t l tai khu vyc
PhSn bo hdi hod cac hoat dgng kmh ti ca thi, djch vu - thirong mgi khdng c6 dinh. Cae hogt dgng thuang mgi, djch vy CO ^ n h nhu q u i n nude, chg tgm ...hogt dgng cd t i n suit eao han v i chilm dyng nhieu khdng gian giao thfing tgi khu vyc giip ranh, Nhdng hogt dfing n i y d i tgo n i n sy "thilu v i n minh" eho khfing gian dfi thi^tgi d i j j nhung Igi p h i n i n h "dgc tnrng" etia viic chuyin doi nghe nghiip v i hogt dfing kinh te tai c i c khu vyc lang xdm dd thj hoa. Do v i y , v i n d l t r i n dat ra y i u eau v l t l ehde khdng gian phu hgp vdi dae diem hogt ddng tgi khu vyc, dam bao tfnh d#c torng, dong thdi mang tdi ea hfii^cho mpi ngudi d i n dugc gia t i n g thu nhip ning cao ddi song.
Dam bao tinh 6n dinh cho ti chCec xa hgi do thj C i e b i l u hi§n khdng gian eho thiy anh hudng eiia c i c v i n d l x i hfii dang xay ra tgi eic khu vyc ven dd ndi chung. T i c dfing eiia dd thj hoa tdi i l l s i n g v i su djch cu
la rd rang tdi cae khu vye tilp g i i p giua dfl thj va ndng thdn. Su h i n ddn va xen trgn cua cac to chdc dan ey ve c i c dgc diem van hoa, loi song anh hudng true tilp tdi to chdc khfing gian einh quan. Khflng gian tai trong khu vyc, do dd, c l n dugc chu trpng nghien cuu ve:
Giam thiiu sg phdn tdch khdng gian gid^ khu dd thj mdi va lang xdm do thi hod. C i c bilu hien ve t i c h biet khong gian nhu; thilt lap hg thong tudng rao hoge h i o nudc phan dinh ro rang phgm vi dugc sd dung nham b i o ve dan cu dd thj va ngan cam nhu cau s d dung ciia ngudi dan trong eac khu vyc lan c i n ; Thilt l i p c i c day ehung cu cao t i n g theo eie tuyin d i i , hogc cac day n h i liin ke nham tao vinh dai cho khu dfl thj mdi, va hgn e h l c i c loi tilp c i n v i o trong tif phia ling xdm dd thj h o i . Nhdng bieu hien phin tich xuit phit phan Idn t d tam iy x i hgi ciia nhung to chdc dan eu mdi nhim phan dng igi vdi c i c hogt dfing mang tinh tu phit tgi eic cflng dong d i n cu hien cd, Giam thilu sy phin tieh, thdng qua t l chdc khdng gian, ddi hdi khdng chi l i viic can thiip v i o eae he thong ngan cich ma edn c i n nhOng g i i i phap b l tri hgp ly hoat dfing da dgng d i m bao eho c i c nhu e l u chfnh dang eiJa c i e t l chdc dan cy.
Phdt huy tinh dgc trung tmng kiin tnic cdng trinh. D i e diem kien tnic d viing ven ling xdm dan bi dong h o i vdi kiln tnic dfi thi, xa rdi hogc dinh m i t eac g i i tn kiln tnic tmyen thong v l n cd Viee tilp cgn tryc tiep tdi c i c hogt dfing dfi thj da lam biln doi nhanh han i l l song, thu nhgp, nhgn thdc cua hg dan ven ling, k i o theo nhung khdng gian song d i n theo xu hudng bigt lip. Tang cao, mgt dd xay dung, c i c hinh tht>c kiln tnic da dang han, d i n xa rdi vdi dge iSim kiln tnic tnjyen thing. Trong nhieu khdng
KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE
gian, bo mgt dfi thi trd nen "nhem nhuoc- hfln ddn" bdi m i u sac, kieu ding, ngdn ngu kiln tnie, tang cao khdng nhit quan ciia nhung cdng trinh niy.
Giam thieu cac bien ddi tieu cg-c trong l6 chu-c khdng gian song. Nhung bieu hien tieu cyc cd t h i thiy d viie hinh thinh nhdng n h i tam, l i n chilm khdng gian giap ranh vdi khu dd thj mdi, hoac d nhdng bieu hign chia nhd khdng gian hon, bo trf c i c biln quang c i o , mai che, x i m chilm ra nhung khdng gian efing cdng d l t l i da khfing gian thuang mgi, khfing gian cho thue. Bilu hien trin khfing ehi g i y tdi su mat my quan dudng phfl, ma edn i n h hudng tryc tiep tdi ddi sing, hogt ddng kinh t l eua ngudi d i n trong khu vyc nghiin edu.
Dam bao mdi tn/dng dd thj lanh mgnh
Su gia tang d i n s i va su phdc tgp etia eae to chdc d i n cu eu v i mdi, sy da dang ciia c i c quan he kinh te da v i dang dua d i n nhieu v i n de anh hudng tdi mfil trudng.
Mac du cac ling xdm dd thj hda da dugc c i i thiin k h i nhieu ve hg ting kT thuit v i mfli trudng nhyng v i n cdn nhdng m i u thuin b i t cgp v i tfnh dong bfi vdi sy phit triln eua khu dd thj mdi, t i e dfing trye tilp tdi ddi song ciia ngudi dan tgi diy, v i giin tilp inh hydng tdi hogt dgng ciia c i c khu vyc l i n c i n . Do viy, vigc t l chdc khfing gian g i n k i t nhim mang tdi nhung giii phip nang cao chat lugng mfii trudng.
To chux: khdng gian gin kit dong bd nhim kiim soat hogt dgng xSy dgng tg-phat. Hogt dfing x i y dyng dien ra lien tyc bdi sy chuyen nhugng, s i p nhgp , tach thda d i t bin phfa ling xdm dfi thj h o i v i vigc x i y dyng cic he thing hg ting, c i c cflng trinh ben phfa khu dd thi mdi keo d i l theo tirng ke hogch phan ki d i u tu. D i y l i nguon san sinh khdi byi v i tilng on chfnh gay anh hudng tdi hogt dfing cua cgng ding d i n cu.
G i n kit khdng gian nhim phan b6 hgp ly nguon tai nguy4n dit dai Viic x i y dung dien ra I gt va khd kilm soit. D|gn tfeh x i y dyng cflng trinh cd xu hudng chiem lin nhilu khdng gian ben ngoii l i m thu hep v i mat di nhung khdng gian xanh, mgt nudc Do viy, gin k i t khflng
gian khdng chi hgp ly v l c i c hogt ddng sd dyng c i c ti$n ich efing cdng do ttij. m^t khae edn d i o ttily eic v i n de ^ khai t h i c s d dung higu q u i quy dat hign cd.
Gin kit khong gian nhim han chi cac anh hudng niS Irucmg. Hau h i t cac l i n g xdm dd thi hda d i u su dyng mpt so diem tren tuyin giao thfing ria ngoii ling, mdt so cac khu d i t xen ket d i t trdng Igi dirge tranh thu biln thinh nhdng nai do r i c thai, [ i ^ l ligu xay dyng. CCing vdi dd la y thdc, thdi quen va s y da dang cua c i c hogt d$ng kinh t l da t i e dgng khiln cho nhdng d i l m tgp k i t rie thii tro thanh nhdng d i l m g i y fi nhiem, dong thdi g i y mit my quan dd thj. Viic tien hanh san n i n eac tuyin giao thfing nam giua khu vyc ling xom dd thj hda va khu dd thj mdi thydng dugc c i n cd theo c i c tfnh t o i n thoit nudc mat cua khu Dd thj mdi. Van d l n i y d i n tdi tinh trgng t^ng ngip eye bfi trong d i n cu va tren mfit s i dogn tuyin cua khflng gian giao thdng giua c i c khu dd thj mdi v i lang xdm Dd Hij hda.
4. Ket luan
Vdi toe dp dfl ttij h o i hign nay tai thu dd H i Nfii, \flgc chuyin hoa nhilu ling xdm ndng nghiip vao dfi flij la thyc t l khich quan. Vdi toe dp dd thj hoa nhanh da xuat hign nhilu han nhung khu vuc dan xen hinh thii ciia khu dd thj mdi va ling xdm dfl thi hoa nhung thieu nhffng kiem soit phat trien xay dyng eu t h i . Van d l n i y da v i dang dua tdi mdt bd mat khic, tieu cue hon, trong bi>c tranh t i n g t h i phit tnen Thu dd.
Vific nghiin cuu g i n k i t khdng gian khdng dildCmgl^i d mdc dp k i t noi giao thfing, ha tang kT thuit, m i nhfJug nfii dung nghien ci^u cdn chju ddi hdi etia cic vin d l ve h o i nhip eac cflng dong d i n eu cu va mdi, hoa nhip vcrl ddi sing dfl th|, nang eao chit Iygng sing v i phit huy, bao vg cac gia tri d i e trung truyin thong. Thdng qua cic bilu hign v i t l chdc khdng gian, sy gan k i t giira khu do thi mdi v i l i n g xdm dd thj h o i c l n phin inh dygc vi phCi hgp vdi eae hogt dgng kinh te - xa hfii v i mdi tnjdng mang tinh chit neng eho khu vuc.
Phan bign: PGS.TS. Nguyin T l L Tai t i ^ u t h a m khao
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