sffoisntM ^ l i f ^ j ? ^ ^
THU HUT VON DAU TU* TRlTC TIEP NU*6c NGOAI TREN DIA BAN TINH LONG AN
• DAO VAN THI (*) TOM TAT
Von ddu tu true tiep nu&c ngodi (FDI) co vi tri quan trong trong phdt trien kinh ti, Id mot ho phan cdu thdnh cua nen kinh te nuac ta, co dong gop tich cue vdo tdng tru&ng kinh ti, xudt khau, tgo viec ldm, tdng thu cho Ngdn sdch Nhd nu&c. Nghien cuu ndy chi ra thuc trgng cong tdc thu hiit von ddu tu trice tiep nu&c ngodi tren dia bdn tinh Long An bang phuang phdp phdn tich, so sdnh, doi chieu,... Dong th&i dua ra nhiing nhdn dinh ve cdc mat hgn chi, ton tgi vd di xudt gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao hieu qud thu hut von ddu tu trite tiep nu&c ngodi tren dia bdn tinh Long An trong th&i gian t&i.
Tie khoa: Thu hut von FDI, FDI, Ngdn sdch Nhd nu&e.
SUMMARY
Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in economic development, is an integral part of our economy, making a positive contribution to economic growth, exports and job creation, is making and increasing revenues for the State Budget This study shows the actual situation of attracting foreign direct investment in Long An province by the method of analysis, comparison, confront, ...At the same time, making comments on the limitations, exist and propose solutions to improve the efficiency of attracting foreign direct investment capital in Long An province in the coming time.
Key words: Attracting FDI, FDI, the State Budget.
1. Dat van de
Von dau tu true tigp nudc ngoai (FDI) la mdt trong nhiing ngudn vdn quan trgng, rat can thigt cho su phat trign kinh tg cua Viet Nam ndi chung va tinh Long An ndi rigng. Long An diing dau hong thu hiit FDI d khu vuc Ddng b i n g sdng Cdu Long (DBSCL), tuy nhien, thu hiit vdn diu tu nudc ngoai vao Long An trong thai gian qua chi tang nhanh vg sd lucmg, nhung chat lugng cac dir an chua cao, quy md du an nhd, cac du an mang d i u tau, nham keo doanh nghiep trong khu vuc, trong nudc citng phat triin cdn han chg. X u i t phat tu thyc tien dd, viec tim ra nhiing giai phap nhim tang cudng thu hiit FDI ddi vdi tinh Long An trd thanh van dg cap bach hien nay.
2. Thyc trang
2.1 Ket qua thu hiit vdn d i u tir true tiep nudc tai Long An
2.L1 Tinh hinh phdt trien ddu tirtrwc tiip nu&c ngodi & Long An tie ndm 2014 den nam 2016 Tli nam 2014 dgn nam 2016 so vdi khu vuc DBSCL, Long An ludn la tinh dung dau trong thu hiit FDI. Dgn ngay 31/12/2016, vdn d i u tu cua cac doanh nghiep FDI vao Long An vin dung thii nhit trong khu vuc vdi 803 du an va 4.812,78 trieu do la My vdn dang ky (chigm 65,23% tong sd du an va 35,02% tdng vdn d i u tu cua ca khu vuc DBSCL).
Bang 1: FDI cua cac tinh DBSCL den ngay 31/12/2016 DVT: Trieu do la
STT
1
Ten tinh Tong so Long An
So du- an 1.231
803
Tong vin dang ky 13.742,69
4.812,78
I (*) Hflc vign Cao hgc Trirong Df[ KTCN Long An TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
NGHIEN CITU - TRAO DOI
STT 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ten tinh Tien Giang
Ben Tre Tra Vinh VTnh Long Dong Thap An Giang Kien Giang
Ciin Tho Hau Giang Soc Trang Bac Lieu Ca Mau
So du an 97 52 32 39 17 29 41 74 27 4 10 6
Tong von dang ky 1.661,10
643,30 2.966,75
370,74 99,80 214,75 1.441,41
643,70 827,64 14,10 34,20 12,42
Nguon: Nien gidm Thong ke cita 13 tinh Dong bdng song Cuu Long
Bang 2: DJu tu true tigp cua nuoc ngoai tii 2010 dgn 2016 ciia tinh Long An
Nam 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
So du an tluo'c cap phep
44 69 58 51 93 109 116
Tong von dang ky (Trieu &o la My)
151,60 152,46 130,35 182,40 515,90 694,36 250,83
Von thuc hi§n (Trieu 46 la My)
137,70 244,31 274,12 291,39 319,58 597,15 233,27
Nguon • Nien gidm Thong ke tinli Long An
Nhan xet: Qua bang 2 cho thjy tinh hinh thu hiit d k Ur true tigp nuoc ngoai qua cac nam eo su chuyen bien Idiong deu vS s6 togng du an, nhung v6n dju m lai d6u qua cae nam, chi duy nhfe nam 2016 cc su bien dong giam manh ve v6n dSu tu' la do s6 luong dir an co tang len nhung quy mo Iai nhc^vcn dau nr thiip va qua cuoc Tong d.k, tra v3n dju tu 2015, nganh thSng ke ra soat lai loan he nguon von dau to cua tat ca cac thanh phta kmh ti cho phu hgp vol thuc tiSn nen v6n dju hr khu vuc FDI giam so cac nam tnrdc cung la do nguyen nhan nay.
2.1.2. FDI dUng ky theo ngdnh
Bang 3: DSu tu true ti^p cua nunc ngoai dune cflp gidy phep phan theo ngJnh kinh t^
(Luy ke cac dy an eon hieu luc d6n ngay 31/12)
TONG SO Nong nghiep, Iam nghiep va thiiy san Khai Idioang
Cong nghiep che bien, che tao San xuat va phan phoi dien, khi dot, QUcrc n6ng, hai nucrc va dieu hoa khong khi
Cung cap nunc; Hoat dgng quan ly va xir ly rac thai, nucrc thai
Xay dimg
Ban buon va ban le; Sua chira 6 to, mo to, xe may va xe c6 dong co khac Van tai kho bai
Dich vu lull tni va iin uong Thong hn va tmySn thong
Hoat dong tai chinh, ngan hang va bao hiem
Hoat dgng kinh doanh bat dong san Hoat dgng chuyen mon, khoa hoc va cong nghfi
Hoat dgng hanh chinh va dich vu ho trg Hoat dgng cita Dang Cgng san, to chirc chinh hi - xa hot, quan Iy nha nunc, an ninh quoc phong; Bao dam xa hoi bat bugc
Giao due va dao tao Y te va hoat dgng trg giup xii hgi Nghe thuat, vui chgt va giai tri Hoat dgng dich vu khac
Nam 2014 563 4 510
2 10 3 1 1
22 7 1
1 1
Nam 2015 6S7 4 624
6 7 7 5 2
22 4 4
1 1
Nam 2016 803 4 735
6 7 9 6 2
24 4 4
1 1
Nam 2014 3.409,3
10,1 2.939,7
58,8 77,6 4,9 0,1 0,2
306,4 6,2 2,5
2,5 0,3
Nam 2015 4.561,95
10,23 3.579,24
508,08 115,89 9,60 16,75 0,37
296,70 11,55 10,74
2,50 0,30
Niim 2016 4.812,78
10,23 3.764,27
508,08 115,89 10,70 21,75 0,37
356,40 11,55 10,74
2,50 0,30 Nguon. Nien gidm Tiiong ke tinh Long An ndm 2014, 2015. 2016 Cac dir an FDI tai Long An nhin chung 3 nam qua chu yeu dau tu vao 2 nganh la cong nghiep che bien, ch8 tao va hoat ddng kinh doanh bit ddng san, cac lmh vuc khac cdn lai dau tu rat it. Nam 2016: Nganh cdng nghiep chg biln, chS tao cd sd du an nhidu nhat la 735 du an chiem 91,53%; tdng v6n dang ky chiim 78,21%; nganh hoat ddng kinh doanh bit ddng san cd so lugng du an dau tu la 24 du an, chiim 2,98%; tdng vdn dang ky chiim 7,4%.
2.1.3. Bdu tu-triec tiip cua nw&c ngodi vdo Long An duac cap gidy phep phdn theo ddi tdc ddu tu:
chu yeu (Liiy ki cdc die dn con hieu luc den ngdy 31/12/2016) Bang 4: Phan theo ddi tac diu tu chu yiu STT
1
Quoc gia, vting fanh tho TONG SO Vuong quoc Anh - United Kingdom
So du an duoc cap phep
803 6
Von dang ky (Trieu do la My)
4.812,78 17,98 TAP CHl KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOl
STT 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Quoc gia, viing lanh th6 A Rap Xe Ut - Saudi Arabia Ao 'Austria
An Do - India Bi - Belgium Bni-nay - Brunei Ca-na-da - Canada Dai Loan - Taiwan Dan Mach - Denmark Ha Lan - Netherlands Han Quoc - Korea Rep. of Hoa Ky - United States
Hong Cong (TQ) - Hong Kong (China) In-do-ne-xi-a - Indonesia
Ai-Ien - Ireland Ma-Iai-xi-a - Malaysia Ma-ri-ti-us - Mauritius Na Uy - Norway Niu-Di-liin - New Zealand Nga - Russia Nhat Ban - Japan Phap - France
Phi-lip-pin - 77ie Philippines Xa-moa - Samoa Xay-sen - Seychelles Xin-ga-po - Singapore Xii Lan-ca - Sri Lanka Tay Ban Nha - Spain Thai Lan - Thailand Thuy DiSn - Sweden Tlliiy Si - Swiizeriand Trung Quoc - China Uc - Ausiraiia Tho Nhl Ky - Turkey Luc-xam-bua - Luxembourg
Quan dao Virgin thupc Anh - British Virgin Islands Due - Germany
So dtr an duorc cap phep
1 2 6 2 8 6 169
1 9 151
17 26 1 1 7 5 3 2 1 129
10 4 10
6 29 2 1 20 3 2 124
13 2 1 2]
2 iJi7~'-—Oi^
Von dang k>^
(Trieu do la My) 0,05 0,40 73,04
3,78 34,00 34,53 942,58 0,25 46,80 579,42 470,48 429,70 28,00 1,20 26,60 33,75 19,05 3,33 0,33 406,79 120,47 17,41 112,83 43,00 368,08 3,30 0,40 244,93
10,84 3,30 182,77 115,24 2,45 1,50 429,20
5,00
„ i . - , , T J . , , , . , ^S'loti Niin giam Tiidng Ire linli Long All
^ Den nay, da cc 37 quoc gta va vung lanh tho dau to vac tinh Long An. Qua bang 4 cho thSv cac quoc gia, vitng lanh tho dau to chiem so lugng du an va mite v6n dju to cao hSu hk d6u thuoc khu vuc D5ng A, trong do cao nhat la Dai Loan (169 du an), Han qu6c (151 du an), Nhat Ban (129 du
^^^mm,.,i^mi^:r,^mmm^mmm,,^m
an), Trung Qu6c (124 du an). Cac khu virc khac nhu chau Au, Bjc My,,,. s6 lugng drr an d4u to vao Long An con han che.
2.1.4. Ttnh hinh Ihu hut FDI vao Long An phan theo hinh thuc tin tu
Tuih djn h& nam 2015, FDI vac Long An chil yeu la hinh thiic 100% v6n nuoc ngoai, tilp dSn la hinh thiic lien doanh voi doanh nghiep nha nuac va lien doanh vol doanh nghiep ngoai nha nuijc.
Bang 5: Tinh hinh thu hiit FDI vao Long An phan theo loai hinh kinh ti ciia doanh nghiep den 31/12/2016
STT 1 2 3
Cac hinh thiic d4u tu Doanh nghiep 100% von dau tu nucrc ngoai Doanh nghiep lien doanh voi doanh nghiep nha nuoc Doanh nghiep lien doanh vcri doanh nghiep ngoai nha nuoc
Tong so
Sd du' an 727
3 73 803
Miic v6n dang ky (USD) 4.119,94
45,32 647,32 4,812,78
Nguon- Ciic Tiiong Ice tinh Long An 2.1.5. Tinh hinh thu hut FDI vdo Long An theo dia bdn ddu tu-
Bang 6: Tinh hinh thu hiit FDI vao Long An phan theo dia ban diu tu din 31/12/2016 STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ten huyen Thanh pho Tan An Thi xa Kien Tudng Huyen Tan Hung Huyen Vinh Himg Huyen Mgc Hoa Huyen Tiin Thanh Huyen Thanh Hoa Huyen Due Hue Huyen Diic Hoa Huyen BSn Lire Huyen Thu Thira Huyen Tan Tru Huyen Can Dugc Huyen Ciin Giugc Huyen Chau Thanli
Tong so
So du an 27
1
1 2 2 384 133 19 2 43 189 803
Mii'c von dang ky (USD) 99,68 10,23
15,01 22,50 5,51 1.299,36 1.869,59 576,07
4,41 341,65 568,77 4.812,78
Nguon: Cue Tiiong lie tinh Long An Qua bang 6 cho thiy, FDI vao tinh Long An phan b6 khong d6ng deu giiia cac vitng, dia phuong trong tinh. Cac du an FDI tap trung chu y6u a cac huyen co vi tri dia Iy giap ranh voi Thanh pha H6 Chi Minh, gin eang, thuan lgi trong van chuyin, b5c da hang hoa, tir do lam giam ehi phi, ha gia thanh san ph4m co lgi cho doanh nghiep.
2.2. Dong gop ciia dau tu true tilp nuo'c ngoai den phat triin kinh tl - xa hoi tinh Long An 2.2.1. BSi vcri von diu tu- thtrc Men toan xa hoi va tang truimg kinh te
•^ Doi vdd von dau fU' thuc hien toan xa hoi
Hien nay, nhu ciu v6n cho dju tu' phat triin tai Long An la rSt lon, von FDI dugc eoi la mgt nguin bl sung quan trong cho v6n d k tu thirc hien toan xa hgi, gop mgt phan quan trgng bl sung nhu cau von diu tu cho phat trien ciia tinh.
'AP CHl KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
NGHIEN CU U - TRAO DOI
Bang 7: Tong von dau tu thuc hien toan xa hpi phan theo nguin v8n dau ttt qua 3 nam (theo gia hifn hanh)
DVT. Tydong
Nam
2014 2015 2016 Ting
Tong von dau tu toan xa hoi
20.124,4 22.408,2 25.184,5 67.717,1
V6o khu vuc Nha ouffc
5.995 6.923,6 8.148,1 21.066,7
V6n khu VU'C ngoai Nha nuo'c
11.157,2 12.194,7 13.210,1 36.562
Von khu vuc diu tu true tiep nuofc ogoai van
2.972,2 3.290,0 3.826,4 10,088,6
Ty trong (%)/v6n toan xii hdi
14,77 14,68 15,19 14,90 Nguon. Nien gidm Thong ke
•^ Ddi vol von tang trudng kinh te
FDI da gop phin tang GRDP qua cac nam, cu the nhu sau
Bang 8: T6C do tang trudng GRDP cua tinh Long An qua cac nam Khoan muc
GDP (gia so sanh 2010)- Ty dong (%) tang so voi nam trace
Trong d6' Nong, lam nghiep va thiiy san
Cong nghiep va xay dimg Dichvu
Nim 2013 43.860,3
Nam 2014 47.781
108,9
NSm 2015 52.150,7
109,1
NJrn 2016 56.923,8
109,2 102,8
112,0 106,1
102,5 113,9 106,5
100,8 114,1 106,8 Nguon: Nien gidm Tiiong ke Qua bang 8 cho thay, tang trudng kinh te tinh Long An da dat duac tdc do phat trien kha va ddng deu trong thdi gian vua qua, hau het cac nam sau deu cao hon nam trudc. Khu virc cd von FDI ddng gop vao GRDP cua tinh Long An cdn chua ldn nam 2014 la 18,7%, nam 2015 la
18,22%, nam 2016 18,42%.
Bang 9: Dong gop cua khu vuc co vdn FDI trong GRDP cua tinh Long An
Nam 2014 2015 2016
GRDP (gia so sanh 2010) - Ty ding Tong so
47.781,0 52.150,7 56.923,8
Khu vuc CO FDI 8.631,82 9.503,10 10.484,30
(%) FDI/GRDP 18,07 18,22 18,42
Insulin: Cue Tiidng ke iinh Long An 2.2.2. Doi v&i chuyen dich ccf cdu kinh ti
Tinh den 31/12/2016, cac du an v6n con hieu luc hoat dgng tren dia ban toan tinh la 803 du an voi ting vin diu to diing ky la 4.812,78 trieu de la My. Phin lon cac du an eo quy mo nho va vira diu to chu yeu vao cac nganh nhu may mac, da giay, che biln thiic an, chl bien thuc phim dl nlng Cac du an tap himg tai cac huyen viing kinh tl trgng dilm cua tinh giap ranh voi Thanh phi H6 Chi Minh nhu: Diic Hoa, Bin Luc, Cln Duoc, Can Giugc va thanh phi Tan An.
1 TAP CHl KINHTE
Bang 10: Cff cau t6ng san phSm tren flia ban theo gia hien hanh phan theo nganh kinh tl
GRDP
Phan theo nganh kinh t l Nong nghiep, lam nghiep va thiiy siin Khai khoang
Cong nghi§p che biSn, che tao
San xuat va phan phoi dien, khi dot, nuac nong, hai nucrc va dilu hoa khong khi
Cung cap nuac; Hoat dgng quan ly va xii ly rac thai, nutic thai Xiiy dtmg
Ban buon va ban le; Sira chira 6 to, mo to, xe may va xe co dgng ca khac
Van tai khg bai Dich vu luu tni va an uong Thong tin va truyen thong
Hoat dgng tai chinh, ngiin hang va bao hiem Hoat dpng kinh doanh biit dgng san Hoat dgng chuyen mon, khoa hgc va cong nghe Hoat dgng hanh chinh va dich vu ho trg
Hoat dgng cha Dang Cgng san, to chire chinh tri - xa hgi, quiin ly nha nunc, an ninh quoc phong; Bao diim xii hgi bat huge Giao due va dao tao
Y te va hoat dgng trg giiip xa hgi Nghe thuat, vui chgi va giai tri Hoat dgng dich vii khac
Hoat dgng Iam thue eac cong viee trong cac hg gia dinh, siin xuat san pham vat chat va dich vu tu tieu dimg ciia hg gia dinh Hoat dgng ciia cac 16 chiic va eg quan quoc te Thue san pham tni trg e i p
2014 100,0
24,89
37,24 0,35 0,51 3,34 8,72 1,45 2,39 0,53 2,75 5,14 0,25 0,11 1,84 2,23 0,63 0,66 0,57 0,03 6,37
2015 100,0
23,26
39,00 0,39 0,55 3,35 8,63 1,40 2,45 0,52 2,70 5,02 0,25 0,11 1,84 2,27 0,64 0,65 0,58 0,03 6,37
2016 100,0
21,93
40,70 0,41 0,55 3,26 8,42 1,27 2,44 0,50 2,54 4,88 0,23 0,11 1,81 2,27 0,72 0,62 0,58 0,03 6,71 Nguon • Nien gidm Thong ki!
Co cau ting san phim cua tinh nam 2016 chilm ty trgng chit ylu la nganh cong nghiep chl biln, chl tag 1440,7%, nong nghiep, lam nghiep va thily san 21,93%. Nam 2016, vin FDI deng gop 18,42% va GRDP ctia tinh nha (FDI diu to chlnh la nganh cong nghiep chl bien, che tao).
2.2.3. Doi v&i xuit khiu
Kim ngach xuat khiu ctia cac doanh nghiep FDI tang binh quan giai doan 1996 - 2016 la 27,6%/nam; nam 2014 la 2.085,1 trieu do la My, nam 2015 la 2.361,1 trieu do la My, nam 2016 la TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
2.600 hieu do la My, chilm 60,7% nong ting kim ngach xuit khiu cua tinh, tang 45,9% so vol riam 1996. S6 lugng dganh nghiep FDI xuit khiu tang hi 18 doanh nghiep (nam 1996) len khoang 300 doanh nghiep nam 2016. Ngoai ra, tren dia ban tinli co 03 van phong dai dien eua thuong nhan nuac ngoai dang boat dgng tren dia ban tinh.
2.2.4. Ddi v&i giai quyh viic lam va nang cao chit luang nguon luc
Din nay, cac doanh nghiep hen dia ban tinh da giai quyit vice Iam cho 282.000 Iao dgng, teong do cac doanh nghiep FDI la 126.280 lao dgng (chilm 47,8% lao dgng U'ong cac doanh nghiep loan tinh).
Bang 11: S l lao dong phan theo thanh p h i n kinh te s l luoTig (nghin nguiri)
DN Nha nucrc DN ngoai nha nuac DN (FDI)
Tong
Nam 2014 3,7 100,8 118,9 223,4
Nam 2015 4,4 112,8 136,3 253,5
Nam 2016 4 122,5 149,7 276,2 2.2.5. Bdi voi ngudn thu Ngan sach
Bang 12: FDI ddng gop vao thu ngan sach tinh
BVT: Tydong
Nam
2014 2015 2016 Tong s6
Ng§n sach Nha nu'o^c tren dia ban
16.415,40 18.256,20 20.205,59 54.877,19
Thu til' doanh nghiep FDI
Tong thu 1.151,09 1.185,55 1.537,55 3.874,19
Ty trong (%) 7,01 6,49 7,61 7,06 Nguon: Kho liac Nhd nu&c tinh Long An
Qua bang 12 cho thay, miic dong gop vao Ngiin sach Nha nutic cua Long An chii yeu la do cac doanh nghiep trong nuac va cac thanh phan kinh te khac, cac doanh nghiep FDI mtic dong gop con rat nho, chiem ty trgng thap, mirc dong gop cao nhat la vao nam 2016 la 7,06%, trong ting thu Ngiin sach Nha nude ciia tinh.
2.2.6. Doi v&i moi tru&ng dau tu cua dia phuffng
Trong thoi gian qua, chinh quyen tinh Long An da khgng ngiing thue hien viec cai thien moi truang dau to, viec ap dung chinh sach uu dial doi vol cae dir an co v6n diu to nuae ngoai dugc tinh thuc hien triet dl theo quy dinh bao glm cac chinh sach uu dai vl thui thu nhap doanh nghiep, tiln thue dat, tiln sir dung dit, thui xuit nhap khiu.
3. Mot so ton tai, han chl trong viec thu hiit, quan Iy va sir dung FDI tai tinh Long An 3.1. Nhirng kit qua dat dugc
Von FDI da gop phan vao viec phat triin cac nganh eong nghiep chl biln, cong nghiep nhua, eg khi,... dieu nay gop phin vao viec chuyin dich ca ciu kinh tl cita tinh theo huang cong nghiSp.
Von FDI gop phan tang vin diu to toan xa hgi, dong gop cho tang trucmg kinh tl, chuyin giao cong nghe, nang cao hrinh do quan Iy, chuyen mon ky thuat eho cong nhan, xay dung them nha may, nhap khau them may moc thilt bi, thiic diy cai tao, phat trlln cac nganh cong nghiep, dit;h vu Khu vuc FDI CO kim ngach xuit khiu hang nam ngay citng tang va dong gop ngity cang tlhilu vao ting kim ngach xuat khau cia tinh, dieu nay giiip tinh Long An tilp can dugc thi trntm'
g xuat khiu rgng
ldn cua cac nudc trgn the gidi, tao ngudn ngoai te tham gia vao viec can bang cac can can thanh toan VI md. Cac du an FDI tao dtroc nhieu hem viec lam cho hang ngan lao dong true tigp vdi thu nhap bhih quan cao ban cac khu virc khac tren dia ban tinh, dac biet la ddi ngu quan ly, giiip viec.
Hieu qua hoat ddng tdt cua khu VIJC FDI da cd tac ddng lan toa den cac thanh phan khac thong qua su lien kit giua khu viic nay vdi cac khu vuc khac trong tinh, cac doanh nghiep trong tinh cd thi hoc hdi cong nghe cua cac doanh nghiep khu virc FDI qua quan sat cac san phim hoac cdng nghe da dugc dua vao Viet Nam.
3.2. Han che va nguyen nhan gay ra han chl 3.2.1. Han che, ton tai
Mot la, han che ve co* sd ha tang
Toe dp phat trien ca sd ha tang cdn cham, cdn thieu va y8u, chua dap ung dugc yeu ciu phat triin va nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua nen kinh te tinh, dac biet la he thdng cip dien, nudc, dirdng giao thdng, cang bien phuc vii nhu cau san xuat va xuat nhap khau bang hda; he thdng ha ting dich vu bd trg cho hoat ddng dau tu kem lgi the so vdi cac dia phuong lan can Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh.
Hai la, cdng tac quy hoach
Cong tac lap, thirc hien cac loai hinh quy hoach chua ddng bg; cac loai hinh quy hoach nganh, linh VIIC chua gan vdi quy hoach su dung dat, hau het cac du an dau tu cd dien tich su dung dit ldn deu phai chd dieu chinh quy hoach su dung dat den nam 2020. Cong tac quy hoach dugc tinh, Trung ucmg ban hanh nhung chua ddng bd, thudng xuyen phai chinh sira va thay ddi, cap nhat; quy hoach cho tung vung, quy hoach cho cac khu cdng nghiep, quy hoach nganh nghe cho timg dia phucmg chua dugc hgp ly.
Ba la, cai each thu tuc hanh chinh, Chi sd nang luc canh tranh cap tinh (PCI)
Cai each thu tue hanh chinh: hien nay lihh vuc cai each thii tuc hanb chinh tinh da thirc hien kha tot, tuy nhien doanh nghiep cbo rang giay td thu tuc va di lai de giai quyet thu tuc hanh chinh da giam nhung chua nhieu. Nhat la cdng tac hd trg, giai quyet vudng mac, khd khan cho doanh nghiep con mgt so van de chua dugc nhanh va triet de. Chi sd nang luc canh tranh cap tinh (PCI) bang nam Long An luon dung thir hang cao, tuy nhien khdng dn dinh, nhieu chi sd thanh phan cd diem sd thap nhieu nam khdng dugc cai thien.
Bon la, han che trong cong tac quan Iy Nha nudc, cong tac xiic tien flau tu
Nhan thiic vk thu hiit FDI cua Long An trong thdi gian qua cdn nhieu ndng vdi, chay theo sd lugng va lgi ich trudc mat ma chua tinh din chien lugc lau dai ciing nhu dinh hudng cu the di thu hiit nguin FDI chit lugng cao. Diiu nay thi hien d chit lugng cac dir an FDI tren dia ban tinh, rit it dir an co ham lugng chit xam cao, nhiiu nganh cdng nghe dich vu tien tien nhu ngan hang, tai chinh; khong cd du an diu tu vao khu dan cu dd thi, ha ting giao thong, ha ting cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep iing dung cdng nghe cao, cdng nghiep phu trg, ndng nghiep hiiu ca iing diing cdng nghe cao.
Tinh da chu dgng td chuc cac hoat dgng xiic tiin diu tu tuy nhien chua thu hiit dugc cac nha dau tu ldn, nhiing du an cd gia tri gia tang, cdng nghe cao.
Nam la, han che cong tac giai phong mat bang va thii tuc flat flai
Cong tac giai phdng mat bing dugc cac dia phuang quan tam nhung van cdn thieu va chua d6ng bd vdi quy hoach nganh, chua dap ung dugc yeu ciu phat then kinh te - xa hgi cua dia phirong va chua su dung cd hieu qua ngudn vdn diu tu nudc ngoai. Nhiiu hd sa giao dat, cho thue dit, chuyin muc dich su: dung dit cho du an cdn cham tr6 do chua cd hong ke hoach sir dung dat hang nam ciia cip huyen, khdng phii hgp quy hoach su dung dit, ddi vdi dat trdng liia phai chd Hdi FAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
NGHIEN CUtJ - TRAO DOI
d6ng Nhan dan tinh thdng qua hoac van ban chip thuan chu tnrang d i u tu cua Thii tuong i phu.
Sau la, han chi ngufin nhan luc chat luong cao
Long An'thiiu nghiem trgng lao dgng quan ly, lao dgng ky thuat cd trinh do cao, lao dgng trong lmh vuc dich vu cao cip nhu tai chinh, ngan hang, du ljch,... cung c i p cho nganh kinb te mm nhgn, vung kinh t i trgng diim, khu cdng nghiep, din d6n tinh trang ddng di chuyen Iao ddng rat ldn giira cac tinh, tao su canh tranh khdng lanh manh tren thi tnrdng lao ddng va phat sinh nhieu van de xa hdi.
3.2.2. Nguyen nhan gay ra han che
Thu nhit, he thdng cff sd ha ting ky thuat cdn nhieu yeu kem
Thdi gian qua, tinh Long An da co nhiiu cd ging trong viec huy dgng cac ngudn lire cho viec phat triin ca sd ha ting nhung cdn chua d i n g bg, chit lugng con nhieu y i u kem, chua dap iing dugc nhu ciu ciia nha diu tu, dac biet la he thing cip dien, nudc, dudng giao thdng, phuc vu nhu ciu san xuit va xuat khau hang hda.
Thir hai, cong tac quy hoach con nhieu bat cap
Cdng tac quy hoach phat triin kinh t i - xa hdi chua that sir phit hgp vdi tinh hinh thuc te ciia dia phuang va chua du bao dugc xu thi phat trien chung cua ca nudc va khu vyc, vi vay chua dua ra dugc nhimg giai phap kha thi mang tinh chien lugc lau dai.
Thti' ba, do bat Igi ve dieu kien tu nhien cua tinh Long An
Long An rit bit lgi v i diiu kien tu nhien de phat trien cac khu cdng nghiep va xay dirng do thi.
Phin ldn dien tich dit ciia tinh Long An dugc xep vao viing dat ngap nudc. Khu vuc Ddng Thap Mudi dia hinb thap, trung cd dien tich gan 66,4% dien tich tu nhien toan tinh, thudng xuyen bi ngap lut hang nam. Khu vuc Dirc Hoa, mgt phan Diic Hue, Bac VTnh Hung, thanh phd Tan An cd mdt so khu vyc nen dat tot, sue chju tai cao, viec xir ly nen mdng it phirc tap. Cdn lai hau het cac vimg dat khac deu cd nen dat yeu, siic chiu tai kem. Dieu nay rat bat lgi cho cac nha dau tu vi phai dau tu rat nhieu chi phi cho viec xay dung nen mdng, mdt chi phi khdng he nhd phai dau tu so vdi cac tinh mien Ddng Nam Bg.
Thu- tu, chat luong lao dong con thap va trinh do quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi FDI con kem hieu qua
Ngudn nhan luc cua tinh tuy dong nhimg chat lugng chua cao, ty le qua dao tao cdn thip.
Ngudn lao dgng cd trinh do ky thuat, tay nghe cua tinh chua dap iing yeu ciu cua cac nha diu tu vao cong nghe cao, ciing nhu yeu ciu nghien cim va phat triin. Kiin thiic, kinh nghiem va nang lire quan ly, lanh dao, diiu hanh ciia cac ca quan quan ly Nha nudc trong ITnh vuc FDI d tinh Long An con han che, con xay ra hien tirgng budng ldng quan ly, giam sat hoat ddng FDI khdng sat sao, thiiu kien thirc va ky nang nghi nghiep, kliong n i m virng phap luat, khdng thdng thao ngoai ngu.
Thu nam, cff che, chinh sach lien quan din thu hiit v6n d i u tu ciia Viet Nam ndi chung va cua tinh Long An noi rieng con nhigu bat cap
^ Chinh sach va giai phap thu hut diu tu cua chinh quyin dia phuang chua du h i p d i n cac nha dau tu, nhat la cac giai phap mang tinh dot pha. Chinh sach uu dai ciia tinh chua du manh chua c6 sire thuyet phuc doi vdi cac nha diu tu co tiim luc kinh t i manh, cac tap doan tai chinh' cac cdng ty da quoc gia vao dau tu nhimg du an co quy mo ldn, Tir nam 2014 d i n nay, Long An chi ban hanh mdt quyet dinh ve chinh sach uu dai diu tu tren dia ban tinb, tuy nhien lai khono „i, - i
.. , , u ' 1 "t - u--u-u^ TT - T , , . - • ^"^'^s phu hop vai quy dinh cua phap luat nen phai bai bo. Hien Long An chi ap dung uu dai theo quv ditih r-u ^ ^ ? -
• ° ^ -^ ^!"" Chung cua phap
4, Giai phap tang cuong thu hut FDI tren dia ban tinh Long An 4.1, TSng cyoTig dau tu phat triin ca so' ha fang
Co sd ha ting la mgt yeu to co tac dgng din tang trudng kmh tl va thu hut vin diu ta nutie ngoai cho nen kinh te cua tinh. Vi the, chinh quyen tinh cin tranh thii nguin v6n ctia Nha nuac dl dSu tu CO sg ha tang, dac biet la ha tang giao thong. Tap tmng diu ta hoan chinh he thing kit ciu ha ting, nhit 14 vl giao thong, dien, nude, thong tin lien lac, pliiic vu nhu ciu phat triin cong nghiep, bao dam khi cac du an diiu tu vao tinh c6 day du dieu kien van hanh hieu qua.
4.2, Giai phap ve quy hoach
Tilp toe niin khai thirc hien co hieu qua Kg hoach thu'C hien Quy hoach ting thl phat triin kinh tl - xa hgi ctia tinh din nam 2020, tim nhin den nam 2030 da dugc Thu taang Chinh phit phe duyet; ding thai, hriln khai thuc hien tat ccng tac ra soat, dilu chinh bl sung hoac lap mtii cac quy hoach nganh, linh vuc, san pham chit ylu, quy hoach phat triin kinh tl - xa hgi cip huyen din nam 2020, tam nhin den nam 2030; phat trien kinh te - xa hgi phai theo quy hgach, kl hgach dl ra. Tinh cln som hoan thien chiln luge phat triin kinh te - xa hgi va quy hgach phat triin kinh tl cita tinh.
Day la ca so quan trgng dl xay dung chiln lugc thu hiit diu to', chiln lugc va quy hoach ciia tinh phai dugc xiiy dung khong nhirng dira vao lgi the cua minh ma con dua vao chiln lugc phat triin kinh te - xa hgi cita Viing kinh te trgng diem phia Nam.
4.3, Giai phap vl cai each hanh chinh, nang cao Chi s6 nang Iyc canh tranh cap tinh Day manh cai each thii tuc hanh chinh, dgn gian hoa cac thit tuc dau ta, tilp tuc cai each hanh chinh han niia theo ca che mgt cira trong giai quyet thit tuc diu to, loai bo cac thit tuc hanh chinh ruom ra, Idiong can thiet, gay phien ha cho nlia dau ta'. Bao dam tiit ca cac quy dinh ciia Nha mxac ve thu hut FDI dugc trien khai mot each thong nhat va dong bg vgi tat ca cac Igai hinh doanh nghiep co von dau ta nuac ngoai. Tang cuong xiiy dung Chinh phit dien hi de giai quyet thit tuc hanh chinh, tiep tuc hoan thien ca che chinh sach nham thuc day phat trien va irng dung cong nghe thong tin nhu cac chinh sach ve dau ta, ira dai ve thue, thue siin phiim va dich vu cong nghe thgng tin, tao thi huong chg san phiim ccng nghe thong tin trgng nutic. Tap trung kiem tra, den doc thuc hien cac giai phap n&ng cao chi so nang lire canh tranh clip tinh gan vcri thuc hien cac giai phap cai thien chi so ve cai each hanh chinh, dac biet la 6 chi so thanh phiin co diem so thiip (duai 7 diem), khong dugc cai thien kl ta khi Phong Cong nghiep va Thuang mai Viet Nam (VCCI) cong bo ket qua PCI hi nam 2007 din nay nhu: tilp can dit dai, tinh minh bach va tiep can thong tin, chi phi khong chinh thirc, tinh nang dgng, ho tra doanh nghiep, dao tao lao dgng va thilt chl phap ly.
4.4, Giai phap nang cao hieu qua cong tac quiin ly Nha nuo'c va xiic tien dau tw
Tiep tuc nang cag vai tro trach nhiem, cai tiln tac phong, ll loi Iam viec ciia cac can bg U'ong CO quan lien quan din hoat dgng diu to' cua cac doanli nghiep, tten tinh than tao mgi thuan lgi che nha diu to. Dac tag tap huin, tang cucmg nang luc vl xiic tiln dau ta che can bg, cong chtic tru'c tilp Iam cong tac xdc tiln diu to, quan Iy Nha nudc co lien quan, hiep hgi, dganh nghiep nen dia ban tinh, ttong de kl ca mdi chuyen gia, giang vien nu'dc nggai vag giang day nham cap nhat van hanh co hieu qua thong tin phap luat, ca chl chinh sach, thu tuc dau ta, nhiing van de doanh nghiep, nha dau to dac biet quan tam, eung cip thdng tin ve kinh doanh, diiu ttr,...
Tilp ttic diy manh hoat dgng xuc tiln thu hiit diu to tai mgt sl nude, "viing Ianh thl cd cdng ngtiep phat triin. Tl chitc tilp xiic vdi eac tap doan kinh tl manh ttong va ngoai nudc, eac to chirc quic tl dl tranh thii co hgi thu hiit diu ta, quan tam thu hut cite du an dau ta nudc ngoai co quy md
; ldn, cong nghe hien dai, su dtmg dit hieu qua, it gay 6 nhilm mni ttudng.
4.5, Giai phap vl giiii phong mat bing, thii tuc dat dai
TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
NGHIEN c u u - T R A O DOI
Xem cdng tac bdi thudng giai phdng mat bing la nhiem vu ttgng tam cua ca he thdng chinh tn ta' tinh den cg sd, tag su thing nhit ngi bg va d i n g thuan cao trong nhan dan. Ra soat Iai toan bg du an dang triin khai, yen ciu chti diu to hoan chinh ha ting ttirdc khi b l tri ngudi dan vao d, xem lai don gia b l i thudng chg phu hgp vgi thuc t l ttmg dia phugng. Tinh can tang cudng chi dao cac co quan chuc nang tiln hanh ngay cac thu tac thu hli diit va thu hoi Giay chiing nhan dang ky dau tu d l i vdi cac du an diu ta nudc ngoai khdng cd kha nang trien khai hoac chua cd ke hoach stt dung hit dien tich dit da dugc giag d l chuyin cho cac dy an dau to mdi cd hieu qua han theo quy dinh ciia phap Iuat.
4.6. Giai phap ve nguon nhiin Inc chiit Iugng cao
Tinh nghien cim dilu chmh chuyin dich ca can Iao dgng theg tdc do chuyen dich ca cau kinh te; cimg c l cac ca sd giao due va dao tao nham dao tao ngudn nhan lire cd chiit luong, tay nghe dap img yeu can ciia cac doanh nghiep. Niing cap diiu ta he thong cac trudng dao tao nghe hien ed Ien ngang tam khu virc va the gidi, phat trien them cac trudng dao tao nghe va tnmg tiim dao tao tir cac ngudn vdn khac nhau. Khuyen khich va tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep tu dao tao, nang cao trinh do ciia ngudi lao dgng thdng qua cac giai phap nhu dua di dao tao d nudc ngoai, hgp ddng hen ket vdi cac ca sd dao tao trong nudc, dao tao nghe eho ngudi lao ddng, tu td chirc dao tao nghi tai cac doanh nghiep.
5, Ket luan
Vdn FDI da va dang ddng vai ttd quan trgng ttong phat ttiln kinh t l ciia ca nudc ndi chung va tinh Long An noi rieng. Qua phan tich, thu hiit v i n diu to true tilp nudc ngoai tten dia ban tinh Long An da cd tac dgng tich cue den tang tru'dng va phat triin kinh t l cita tinh, ddng thdi ddng gop tich cue trong vice tao ra lire Iugng san xuit mdi va san phim mdi, tao mdi trudng va kha nang tilp thu cdng nghe tien tiln, hien dai ctia thl gidi, tao them nhilu viec Iam cho ngudi Iao dgng va tang them ngudn thu ngan sach tinh. Vdi mdt dia phuong di len ta n i n san xuat nong nghiep nhu tinh Long An, ngudn vdn dau to' nudc ngoai co vai trd rit quan ttgng, d i u ta nudc ngoai da cung cip cho tinh ngudn vdn, giitp co can lai nin kinh tl, thyc hien cac myc tieu phat triin kinh t l - xa hgi.
Cac dy an dau to nude ngoai da, dang mang Iai dien mao, sire bat mdi cho su phat triin kmh t l ciia tinh ttong qua ttinh thyc hien cdng cugc d l i mdi n i n kinh t l theo hudng hdi nhap kinh t l qudc tl ngay cang sau rgng.
Tai ligu t h a m khao
[I]. Cyc Thing ke tinh Lnng An (2014, 2015, 2016), Nien giam thSng ke.
[2]. Hgang Thj Huyin Nhung (2016J, "Phdt triin ddu tu true tiip nuac ngoai (FDI) tren dia han tinh Lam Dong", Luan van Thac si Kinh t l , Trudng Dai hgc Ngan hang Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh [3] Nguyen Dang Ddn (2009), " G a o trinh ly thuyit tdi chinh tiin te", NXB Dai hoc Qudc gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh. ' . . -< 6 [4]. Nguyin Kim Phudc (2017), "Diu tu true tiip nuac ngoai va tang truang kinh ti a cac tinh Chi M * r " " ^ '"• ^ " ' " " ^ ' ™ " ' ' • • * ' ' • ^ " ^ ' ^ ° ' ' ^^= Nsan hang Thanh p h i H I S a ! ! ^ ? ; ^ s ; ^ m h : ' ? " ' ' * • "^'-l'" ''" '"" '" "•'' " ^ ""^"^ " ^ ° - "^^ " " " Thai Binh-', Luan van I hac si Kmh te, Truang Dai hgc Kinh te Hit Ndi.
[6]. Qudc hdi, Luat Dau tu ndm 2014.
[7]. Sd K l hoach va Diu to tinh Long An (2016), Bdo cao danh i
tinh. h gia chi so ndng luc canh tranh dp
[8]. Thu tudng Chmh phu, Quyit dinh sd I439/QB-TTg ngdy 03/10/2012 cua Thu tuong Chinh phu ve viec phe duyet Quy hoach tong the phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi tinh Long An den ndm 2020, tam nhin den ndm 2030.
[9]. Trin Diic Lam (2012), '"Nghien cim gidi phdp thu hut von ddu tu- tntc tiip nuac ngodi a tinh Qudng Nmh giai doan 2011-2020", Luan van Thac sT Kinh ti, Trudng Dai hgc Thai Nguyen.
[10], Ting cue Thdng ke (2014, 2015, 2016), Nien gidm thong ke.
[11]. Uy ban nhan dan tinh Long An, Bdo cdo tong ket 30 ndm thu hut ddu tu true tiep mtac ngodi tai Viet Nam.
[12]. BaoChinhphu.vn, Ndm 2017, von FDI todn cdu uac tdng 10%, littp://baochinhphu.vnAJtilities/PrintView.aspx?distributionid^298777.
[13]. Bao dien tir cua dai tieng ndi Viet Nam, Ly do cdc nhd ddu tie nuac ngodi muon den Dong Nai, https://vov.vn/kinh-te/lv-do-cac-nha-dau-tu-nuoc-ngoai-muon-den-dong-nai-459784.vov.
[14]. Cong thdng tin dien tir Long An, Dia hinh tho nhuang, https://www.longan.gov.vn/Pages/GioiThieuChiTiet.aspx?lD^30&CategoryId^%u0110i%uleclu-H ki%ulec7n+t%ulefl+nhi%u00ean%2c+l%ulecbch+s%uleed&InitialTabId-Ribbon.Read [15]. Cong thong tin dien tir Long An, Thong tin ca sa ha tdng, https://www.longan.gov.vn/Pages/GioiThieuChiTiet.aspx?ID^34&CategoryId^C%u01al+s%uledf +h%uleal+t%ulea7ng&InitialTabId=Ribbon.Read
[16]. cing thdng tin dien tir Long An, Thong tin giai thieu dieu kien tu nhien, lich su, https://www.longan.gov.vn/Pages/GioiThieu.aspx7CategoryId
=%C4%90i%El%BB%81u%20ki%El%BB%87n%20t%El%BB%Bl%20nbi%C3%AAn%2C%20 l%El%BB%8Bch%20s%El%BB%AD
[17]. Diin dan diu tu - kinh doanh Online, Binh Duang - diem sdng thu hut FDI http://baodautu.vn^inh-duong—diem-sang-thu-hut-fdi-d36252.html
[18]. Tap chi Cgng san, Kinh te thi giai: Nhin lai ndm 2017 vd trien vong ndm 2018, http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/Home/PrintStory.aspx7distribution-48966&print-true.
Ngaynhan: 12/6/2018 Ngay duyet dang: 18/9/2019
TAP CHi KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
