CIUAIM TRI NQAIM HANCS S DOAIMH NGHIEP
M o hlnh tjnanh t o a n q u a M o b i l e - S m a r t M o n e y c u a Philippines - m g t : s d goi ^ c h o V i e t N a m
ThS. LE PHU'O'NG LAN -ThS. NGOVeN THj MAI PHlfaNG Vien Chi^n lucre Ngan hang
Trong vdi thdp ky qua, ciing v&i sif phdt trien ciia cong nghe thong tin, cdc dich vy, sdn phdm ldi chinh dua tren nen tdng cong nghe vd cdc hinh thuc thanh todn true tuyen ciing phdt trien rdt da dang. Hien nay tren the giai, hinh thirc thanh todn qua dien thogi di dong.
qua internet (thanh todn di dong) dang trd thdnh mot xu huong thanh todn mat, phdt trien nhanh, da vd dang phdt huy tinh hieu qud cao, nhdt id tgi cdc nu&c co ty le ddn tiep xuc voi cdc dich vif ngdn hdng thdp.
Viel Nam co khodng tren 70% ddn so song a khu vuc nong thon nhung ty le ngudi co (di khodn vd tiep can dich vi^ ngdn hdng hien nay a mice rdt thdp. Viec tdng ca hgi tiep xuc vai cdc dich vu tdi chinh, ngdn hdng. nhdt Id cdc dich vu thanh todn cua nguai ddn tgi nhitng khu vuc ndy. gop phdn phdt trien kinh te- xd hoi Id rdt cdn thiet Phdt trien dich vu thanh todn qua dien thogi di dong Id mot gidi phdp khd thi de dgt duac muc tieu ndy.
Bdi viet de cap den mo hinh ihanh todn qua Mobile Smart- Smart Money da dp dung thdnh cong tai Philippines vai mong muon nhitng bdi hoc diic rut tu ddy si Id g(?i y tot trong vi^c xdy dung mot mo hinh thanh todn di dong phit hgp vai dieu kien nong thon Viet Nam.
Tir khda: Ihanh lodn. Mobile- 1. Mo hinh thanh loan qua Small Monty, thanh todn trtfc Mobile Smart SMART Im ,'ti Money (Philippines)
Theo Hidp hdi hd thdng thdng tin di dgng toan cau (GSMA), ed khodng 163 sdn phdm thanh loan di dgng dang dugc van hdnh tai eae nudc dang phat trien vd khgang 107 sdn pham khde dang nam trong ke hogch tridn khai (GSMA, 2013).
Trong sd dd, khoang 90 sdn phdm dang boat ddng lai Chau Phi, 40 san pham tgi Chdu A- Thdi Binh Duong va 17 san phdm tai Chdu My, Nguoe lai, d cac nudc phat trien, khdeh hdng ed nhdn va doanh nghidp thudng da sir dyng eae he thdng thanh loan di?n lii ndn nhu cau ddi vdi cac h? thdng thanh todn di ddng khdng cao nhu d cac nudc dang phat tndn Tuy nhidn, vdi sy phdt tridn khdng ngung ciia thuang mai dien tir, cac nudc trdn thd gidi, ke ca cdc ndn kinh td phat tnen, dang vd se quan tdm nhidu hem tdi viec phat ttien cdc he thdng thanh toan di ddng,
Hien nay, cd bdn md hinh kinh doanh thanh todn di ddng chinh gdm md hinh ngdn hang Idm chil dao, md hinh cdng ty di dgng Idm chu dao, md hinh cdng ty cung iing dich vy thanh toan doc lap va md hinh hgp
ZOlS-SfllH AP CHi KHOA HQC & DAO Tl^O NGAN HAt
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tdc ngan hang vidn thdng va cdng ty cung iing djeh vy hd trg thanh todn, Cdc md hinh nay deu cd cdc cdng ty djch vu cdng ngh? de cung cap iing dyng hay ndn tdng cho vide phdn phdl edc djch vu thanh todn Rdt nhieu giai phdp thanh loan di dgng duoc gidi thidu gdn day da cd sy lien kdl vdi cac mang Iudi thanh toan the, chu yeu nhu mgt co chd tai trg va la kdnh thanh loan cho nhirng giao djch chuyen tidn di ddng P2P (peer to peer — thanh toan hang ngang) . Ddng thdi, ciing cd nhieu gidi phdp dang dugc thi didm hode dang trong giai doan phat trien,
Thanh toan dt ddng dd Iam giam dang kd chi phi chuyen tidn tgi mgt nudc cd lugng kidu hdi chiem tdi hon 10% GDP nhu Philippines. Theo cdng bd ciia Ngdn hdng tmng uong Philippines (BSP) - Bangko Senlral ng Pilipinas), nam 2008, cdng nhdn qudc tieh Philippines Iam vide lgi nudc ngodi dd giri vd nude cho ngudi than khoang 18 ly USD. Nhidu cdng nhan xuat than tir nhiing tinh, nhung viing ma ca sd hg tdng tdi chinh chinh thuc hi han chd vd vide thanh todn chu ydu la tien mdt. Ben canh do, ty Id su dyng SMS ciia nhung ngudi diing didn thogi di ddng tai Philippines la rdt cao Khoang 75% dan sd Philippines la chu thue bao didn thoai di dgng va giri I ty tin nhan mdi ngdy.
Didu nay giup cho nudc ndy nhu mgt img cir vien duong nhien cho vide ap dung cac md hinh thanh toan di dgng. Thanh
todn di ddng ciing dugc xem la mgt phuong lien giiip cac nha eung cap dich vu tdi chinh tham nhdp sau han tdi cac khu vgc ndng thdn, nhiing khu vgc ed mgt do dan sd thdp va hg tdng giao thdng bj ban chd ma khdng phdi dau tu qud cao vdo CO sd hg tdng ttong khi giam thieu dugc chi phi cua cac dich vy thanh todn.
Nam bdt nhu eau ttong nude ciing nhu ddn dau xu the phat tndn ciia thanh toan dl ddng, ndm 2001, SMART Communications hen ket vdi ngan hang Banco de Oro (BDO) khai truang md hinh SMART Money, SMART Money la mgt the ghi ng (the tra tmdc) cd thd dugc truy egp qua cdc ATM, didm chap nhgn the tin dyng hogc di?n thogi di ddng. Thd SMART Money cho phep ngudl diing nit tidn hoac mua hang hda tai bdt ky mdt thidl bj ddu cudi ndo cua MasterCard. Nd cung cho phep khach hdng thyc hien cac giao dich tren dien thogi di dgng nhu chuyen tien tir tai khoan SMART Money ciia minh den tai khoan cua ngudi khac. Thue bao SMART dugc thdng bao vd giao djch SMART Money qua dign thoai di ddng.
I.I. Quy trinh ciia SMART Money
Bdng ky dich vu: Quy trinh kich boat (gui tin nhan vdi cu phap MONEY tdi sd 343) Id budc dang ky dau tidn. Cd cac giao djch tire thi (nhu nap ainime, chuyen tien) cd the dugc thuc hidn sau budc khdi ddng nay, nhd dd mdt lai khoan
SMART Money 16 sd dugc cung cdp sdn cho khach hdng.
Dd nhdn dugc tdi khoan ca nhan (personalized account) hode the, khach hdng den mgt trong 95 tmng lam SMART Wireless, didn vdo mau don ddng ky vdi cae thdng lin ve ho tdn, tudi, gidi tinh, tinh trang hdn nhan, dia chi Ihudng tru, trinh dg hgc vdn/nghe nghidp Khach hdng khdng nhat thidt phdi cd tai khoan ngan hang mdi dugc dang ky, vd cd quyen lya chgn kdt ndi vdi tdi khoan ciia minh tai 14 ngan hdng hdn kdt vdi SMART. Didu nay lam cho tidn trinh ngp tien mgt vao tdi khoan dan gian va thuan ti?n ban cho khach hang.
Khi khdeh hang ddng k^ sit dyng djch vy, cd thd lua chon nhan ngay mdt the SMART Money MasterCard hoac chd nhdn mgt the dinh danh dugc nhd cung cap giii vao dja chi hdp thu didn tu cua minh.
Khach hang nhan the dinh danh khdng can phdi thudng xuydn nhap ID khi giao dich vi KYC (know-your-customer — nhdn biet khach hang) da &aqc thuc hi?n. Khaeh hang nhan the dinh danh sau do cd the kdt ndi the nay vdi dien thoai di ddng ciia minh vdi vai thao tdc co ban trdn di?n thoai.
Nqp/rtit tien m^t (Cash la/
Out): Viec ngp tidn mat vao tai khoan SMART Money hogc ehuydn ddi tien didn tic thdnh tidn mgi dugc thgc hidn khdc rihau d ndng thdn va thanh thi.
6 nhihig khu vgc thanh thi, cac ehi nhanh cua BDO, cira hdng Shoemart, cae ATM va tmng
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iec nap ti^n m^t vao tai khoan SMART Money ho^c chuyen ddi ti^n dign tii thanh ti4n mgt dui?c thyc hi§n khac nhau 6 nong thon va thanh thi. 6 nhffng khu viJc thinh thi, cac chi nhanh ciia BDO, cijfa hing Shoemart, cic A T M v i tmng tam SMART Wireless (SWC) ddng vai tro la ni$ng lUdi nh^n, t r i t i l n chinh. 6 vung nong thOn, SMART sijf dyng cic hi^u cam 66 v i ngUdi ddi t i l n d l thi/c hifn vifc nhin, ddi tien.tam SMART Wireless (SWC) ddng vai ttd la mgng Iudi nhdn, trd tidn chmh. O viing ndng thdn, SMART su dyng cac hidu cam dd va ngudi ddi tidn dd thye hidn vide nhan, ddi tidn.
Qay trinh sir dung: Khach hang tray cap vdo SMART Money qua mdt ttinh duyet SIM (SIM browsing menu) ttSn thidt bl cam tay ciia minh.
Tat ca giao dich dugc thgc hidn su dung trinh duyet do, ddng thdi eae tm nhan xac nhgn cho bdt ky mdt Idnh nao tten ttinh duyet dugc gui tdi ngudi dung va hien thj dudi hinh thdc SMS.
Ddi vdi giao djch ehuydn tidn, ea ngudl gui lan ngudi nhgn ddu phai dang ky vdi SMART Money (vd nhu vay phai la khach hang ciia SMART hoac Talk n Text). Sd tidn tdi da ma khach hdng cd thd gui mdi ngay la 50.000 Peso (1.020 USD). So ttdn dugc nit tdi da mdt ngdy Id 30.000 Peso (612USD).
Cd rdt nhidu ddi tac chinh tham gia ttong chudi eung cdp dich vy eua SMART Money vdi nhimg ddng gdp va lai ich khdc nhau. Cuthe:
- BDO: BDO cd mgt mang Iudi didm chdp nhdn the idn nhdt Philippines, Tgi eac khu vgc thanh thi d Philippines, 675 chi nhanh ngdn hdng cua BDO la lua chgn hdng ddu cua khach hang khi nap/nit tien. Ngodi
ra, BDO cdn cung cap dieh vy cho phep ngudl dung SMART tmy cap vao 1.299 ATMs qua cac mang Plus, Expressnet, Megalmk vd BancNet Su cdng tdc giiia SMART vd BDO cung cho phep tat ca khaeh hdng cua BDO dugc ket ndi tai khoan cua minh vdi SMART Money dd dan gidn hda va tien hanh quy trinh nap tidn. BDO cdn khuydn mai the SMARTMoney MasterCard tai cac chi nhanh ngdn hdng cua minh. Ngoai ra, BDO cung phdt hdnh the SMART Money MasterCard phi thuong hidu (non- SJVIART Money branded MasterCard) nham dua ddn cho khach hdng nhldu lya chgn hon.
Khi khach hang cua SMART Money su dyng the tai mgt ttiidt bi POS ciia BDO, thi ca BDO vd SMART Money phai tta phi giao djch lien ngan hdng nhu quy djnh. Ben cgnh do, BDO ciing cd dugc thu nhdp tdi chinh khi the SMART Money dugc su sung tai cac didm giao dich la dai Iy chinh thdc cua eac ngdn hdng khac.
Vdi mdi quan he chidn luge vdi SMART, BDO dugc dde quyen ttong vide phat hanh the SMART Money MasterCard.
- MasterCard Aim nhiem viec thyc hidn quydt toan cho cae giao dieh thanh todn lidn ngan hdng khi thd SMART Money
duoe su dung tai cac diem giao dich khdng phai la dai ly ehinh thdc cua BDO Ngoai ra, khi tmy cap vdo mang Iudi cua MasterCard cho phep su dyng ATM vd POS, ngudl diing the SMART Money cd thd thyc hidn eac giao dich ngoai lanh thd Philippines trdn ATM va POS do MasterCard cung cdp.
- Trung ldm SMART iVireless (SiVC) SWC Id hd thdng tmng tdm duy nhat dd khach hang ddng ky SMART Money.
Khach hang cd the ngp tidn d mgt SWC bat ky ma khdng phai mdt phi. Khaeh hdng phai tra 1% phi khi thyc hidn giao dich nit tidn tai cac SWC.
Nhan vien tai SWC cd thd giup khach hang giai quyet nhiing thae mac va ddng vai trd la mgt didm lien lac cho cdc van dd khdng thd gidi quydt tai dudng day ndng. SWC phat tridn theo dmh hudng ciia SMART,
- Cdc doi Idc ngdn hdng thifc hien dich vu ngdn hdng trtfc luyen vd cdc doi Idc ngdn hdng qudc ti: N g o a i B D O , S M A R T d a c d n g t a e v d i 14 n g a n h a n g k h a c tgi P h i l i p p i n e s d d t g o d i d u k i d n c h o k h a c h h a n g c d tdi k h o d n tai n g d n h a n g d u g c k e t n d i tai k h o d n c u a m i n h v d i S M A R T M o n e y n h a m d o n g i a n h d a v a t i d n h a n h q u y t r i n h n a p t i d n . K h a c h h a n g c u a c a e n g a n h a n g t h u a n g mgi ia d d i t a c
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ciia SMART cd thd thgc hien djch vy ngdn hang ttuc tuydn thdng qua SMART bode Talk n Text SIM. Thdng qua mdi quan he nay, SMART ed thd nhgn thdm dugc nhidu khach hang di dgng. Khdng nhdng the, SMART ciing da cdng tac tryc lidp hoac thdng qua ddi lac eiia cdc ngan hdng ndy tai ndi dja vdi nhidu ngdn hang qudc td nhu NCB, AUB, BDO International, PNB Global.
Dieu nay giiip eho ngudi mang qudc Ijch Philippines tai eae nudc cd ty 1? cdng nhdn xuat khau lao dgng Idn cd the thuc hien giao dich ehuydn ttdn bdng tin nhan
SMART tao didu kidn cho cac ngan hang cung cap nhiing dich vy ngdn hdng trgc tuyen nhu mgt djch vy gia trj gia tang cho khach hang cua minh. Didu ndy ciing giiip cdc ngdn hdng ddi tac eua SMART cd ca hdi quang bd cde djeh vu ngdn hang ddn cdc thud bao eua SMART, nhat la cac thud bao chua phdi la khach hang cua ngan hang
- Cdc mang him ATMs (Expressnet. MegaLink.
BancNet): Khdeh hdng cd thd nil tien tir tai khoan SMART Money qua ATMs. Cac mang Iudi ATMs nay dugc quyen thu phi giao dich nit tien cila khach hdng.
- Cdc doi Idc chuyen lien quoc le: Cho phep ngudi gui va ngudi nhdn tidn thue hidn cac giao dich chuydn/nhgn tien vd thu phi giao dich
- Cdc dgi i'y phi ngdn hdng, to chifcphi Idi chinh- 0 cac vimg ndng thdn khdng cd chi nhanh ciia BOD. SMART sii dung
nhdng dai ly phi ngan hang (hidu cam do, ngudi ddi tidn) de thyc hien vide nhdn, ddi tien. Cac dai Iy phi ngan hang dugc thu hoa hdng khi khdeh hang thgc hien giao dich
Sg thanh cdng ciia md hinh SMART Money cd sg ho trg rdt Idn ciia NHTW Philippines (BSP). BSP da cho phep cdc nhd vgn hanh mang Iudi di dgng duoc phdt trien md hinh ngan hdng di ddng cua minh trudc khi thidt lap mdt khung khd phap Iy ridng bidt cho thuong mai didn hi hogc tidn didn ttr trong he thdng ngdn hang di ddng. Ngdn hdng di ddng bat dau d Philippines vdo nam 2004 dudi sy giam sat chat che ciia BSP nhung khung phap ly ddng bd dp dung cho ttdn dl ddng mdi tdi ndm 2009 mdi duoc dp dung. Vi?c xay dung khung phap ly ddng bg cho lien di ddng ciia BSP dugc chia thdnh 2 giai doan:
Giai doan I: Ndm 2000, Lugt Thuong mai didn tii (E-Commerce Act) dugc ban hanh. Lugt nay xde djnh hifu luc phap ly ciia cac giao dieh didn tu, chii ky dien tir cung nhu cung cap ndn tang cho vi?c tmy td tgi phgm trong ITnh vuc thuang mai didn tu.
Cac nhd van hdnh mgng Iudi di dgng chju sg didu chinh cua Luat nay va phai dua ra m^t phuang thiic bao v? chg khach hang. Mat khac, quy djnh ve ngdn hdng di ddng ban ddu chua hoan chinh. Chang hgn, Lugt Ngan hang ndm 2000 dd trao quydn cho BSP trong kiem soat vide su dyng cac thidt bj
di?n tu cd lidn quan den edc nghidp vy ciia mdt ngan hdng, nhung quy djnh vd nghidp vu phat hanh tidn dien tir cua cac td chiic phi ngan hdng Iai chua dugc chinh thiic ban hanh.
Chinh vi vgy, khi Globe dd trinh md binh GCash Idn BSP dd xin giay phep, mgt phdn quan ttong trong dd an cua hg la Globe ludn giii cdc khodn lien gui ngdn hang tuong duong ve gia trj vdi tdng phat hanh the Gcash. Han nua, Globe se dua tat ca eac nghidp vg GCash vao m^t edng ty cd tu each phdp nhdn ridng.
Giai dogn 2- Vao nam 2009, sau khi quan sat hoat dgng ciia SMART Money vd GCash, BSP da ban hdnh mgt thdng tu ve tidn didn tu. Thdng tu ndy dua ra cac quy dinh vd cung cap djch vy tidn didn tit cho ngdn hdng vd edc td chiic phi ngdn hang. Thdng tu quy dinh cy the vd djnh nghia lien dien tir, nhQng didu cam ddi vdi vide tinh lai ddi vdi tidn didn tu, miic vdn tdi thidu ddi vdi nha cung cap phi ngan hang.
1.2. Kinh nghiem cua SMART Money ndi rieng va ciia Philippines
- NHTW cd thd hd trg mgt cdch hidu qua cho nhimg ddi mdi trong cdng nghd di dgng dd lam gia tdng sy tidp can tai chinh thdng qua vide bdt tay vdi cac nhd vgn hdnh mang Iudi di dgng trong khi phat tndn cae quy dinh an toan.
Dieu ndy chirng minh riing mgt sy kdt hgp theo dinh hudng thi tmdng vd mgt khung khd phap Iy hgp ly cd the id mdt phuang
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tidn hiru hidu dd tang kha ndng tiep can cdc dich vy tai chinh.
- Khdng ban hanh quy dinh ctrng ngay tir ddu ma ngugc Igi, BSPde cho hd thdng thanh lodn di ddngphat tndn dudi dgng thi diem rdi sau dd mdi dan ddn dua khung khd phap ly vao dp dyng. Theo each nay, chi phi giao djch tai chinh dugc giam xudng va tiep edn tai chinh tdi ddi tugng ngudi ddn khdng ed tdi khodn ngdn hdng tang Idn.
- Quy dinh phdp ludt phai
2. Mot so ggi y khi xay dung mo hinh thanh toan dt dong ap dung cho khu vuc ndng thdn 6'\'iet Nam
Dan sd khu vuc ndng thdn d Vidt Nam chidm khoang trdn 70% nhung ty Id ngudi cd tdi khoan va tidp cgn dich vu ngan hang hidn nay d mire rdt thap.
Tgi cac khu vgc ndng thdn, vung sau, viing xa- nhiing noi ehua hoac cd rat it su tidp can ciia hg thdng ngan hang- ngudi dan gap rat nhidu khd khan.
ddng la ty Id tidp cdn vdi dieh vy vidn thdng ndi chung vd sir dyng didn thoai di ddng ndi ndng cua ngudi ddn ndng thdn hidn nay d mire khd cao. Theo thdng kd, den het nam 2011, sd lugng thue bao di ddng d Viet Nam udc tinh dgt 118 trieu thud bao. Cd thd ndi tidm nang phat tridn thanh todn qua didn thoai di dgng tai Vi^l Nam la rat Idn.
Day la didu kidn thudn Igi co bdn dd Viet Nam cd the phdt trien edc sdn phdm thanh loan
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^i V i | t Nam, cic phuong ti$n thanh t o i n truyin thdng cho tdi nay phii dt/a trfin Itenh t i l p c^n qua mgng lad! chi nhanh, phdng giao djch, d i l m giao dich, cic t h i l t bj phin ciifng nhu m i y giao dich tir dOng A T M cCia ngin hing, hoac t h i l t bi giao dicii tgi d i l m bin POS do ngin hing i i p dgt, nen v i n bi hgn c h l v l I(h6ng gian, nhit ia 6 Ithu vi^c nong thOn, mgt do phan bd mgng ][id\ giao djch n i y r i t thip. Xu hudng SIJT dvmg cic t h i l t bj ca nhin lim phuong ti$n giao djch trong nhQng n i m gin d i y d l giii quylt cho cac ngin hang v i n d l niy, md ra mOt Icdnh giao djch mdi, qua h | thdng lien Igc v i i n thong, d i p iifng da0c nhu c i u tgi cAc Ichu vac m i mgng Iudi ngan hing chua bao phi!i.didu chinh theo cac cdng nghd mdi vi su phat trien ciia cdng ngh? cd thd Id dgng co manh me md rdng khd ndng tiep can giira ngudi sir dung dich vy tidm nang vdi ben cung iing dich vy. Nhung su thieu ro rdng trong cac quy djnh phap ly lgi cd the gay trd ngai cho vide ung dung cdc cdng nghd mdi.
Chinh vi vgy, Chinh phu can phdi giir cho cdc quy dinh phap ludt ludn cap nhdt, khdng chi dd bdo dam khuyen khich cdc doanh nghidp thyc hi?n nhirng gi hg dy dinh, md cdn hgn chd vi?c cdc quy djnh phdp Iy gdy trd nizai cho vide dp dung cac phat nnnh mdi.
thgm chi la khdng cd ca hdi tidp xiic vdi cac dich vy thanh toan qua ngan hang. Dd nit ngan khoang each giau ngheo ciing nhu thiic day sg phat tridn kinh te xa hgi ddn nam 2020 theo ke hogch cua Dang va Chinh phii, viec tang ca hdi tidp xuc vdi cac dich vy tai chinh, ngan hang, nhat Id cac dich vu thanh todn cua ngudl dan lai nhirng khu -vuc nay la rat can thidt.
Phat tndn djch vy thanh todn qua dien thogi di dgng Id mdt gidi phdp kha thi dd dgt dugc muc tidu nay.
Mdt ttong nhimg didu kidn thudn Igi dd phat tridn dich vy thanh todn qua didn thoai di
dua tren nen tang didn thoai di ddng mang Iai tidn ich va thuan Igi eho nhidu ddi tuong khdeh hdng cd thud bao di dgng ttr thdnh phd ddn mien niii, vdng sau, vung xa, ddc biet tien ich ddi vdi cac thi trudng ma ngudi ddn it cd dieu ki?n tiep xue ddi vdi cdc dich vy ngan hang tmyen thdng.
Ben canh dd, Chinh phit ciing rat quan tam ddn vide thiic day thanh toan khdng diing tidn mat tgi Viet Nam Ngay 27/12/2011, Thil tudng Chinh phil da ky Quyet dinh sd 2453/
QD-TTg phd duyet De an day mgnh thanh loan khdng diing tidn mat tai Viet Nam giai dogn .:01S-50l'^ aP W i tHOA HQC & DAO TAO NGAN HAJ
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201 i- 2015 trong dd xde djnh mgt myc tidu cu thd va quan ttong nham thuc day thanh todn khdng dung tien mat Id "dp dyng mgt sd hinh thuc thanh toan mdi, phii hgp vdi didu kidn va dac diem ciia khu vgc ndng ihdn, viing sau, viing xa".
Tai Viet Nam nhiing nam gan day, cdc dich vu, phuong thirc thanh loan da dugc phdt trien mgnh vd da dang, dap ung ngay cang tdt nhu cdu thanh todn trong ndn kinh td. Cac ngan hang thuong mai (NHTM) Viet Nam dd chii ddng tiep can va gidi thidu cac dich vy thanh todn hidn dai mdi nhu thd, mobile banking, internet banking tdi khach hang. Song eac phuang ii§n thanh todn tmydn thdng cho tdi nay phai dya tren kenh tidp can qua mang Iudi chi nhanh, phdng giao djch, didm giao dich, cac thidt bj phan ciing nhu mdy giao djch tu ddng ATM ciia ngan hang, hode thidt bi giao dich tgi diem bdn POS do ngdn hdng lap d^t, nen vdn bj hgn chd vd khdng gian, nhat la d khu vuc ndng thdn, mat do phan bd mgng Iudi giao dich nay rdt thap. Xu hudng sir dyng cde thidt hi ca nhan Idm phuang tien giao dieh trong nhung nam gan day da giai quydt cho cac ngan hdng van de nay, md ra mgt kdnh giao dich mdi, qua he thdng lidn Ige vidn thdng, ddp ung dugc nhu edu tgi cac khu vuc ma mgng Iudi ngdn hang ehua bao phu.
Xu hudng sir dyng cac djch vy ngdn hang didn tir qua mgng Internet hay didn thoai di dgng
tai Viet Nam ngay cdng tang.
Dich vy ngan hang difn tu ttong do cd Mobile banking dugc cae td chue cung iing djch vy thanh todn bao gdm cd ngdn hdng lan cdc td chuc cdng ngh? thdng tin vidn thdng trong nudc rat quan tam. Cudc
"chay dua" ddu tu ngay cang trd ndn quyet hdt nham chidm ITnh thj phan ciia cdc loai hinh dich vu ndy. Tinh den het nam 2013, tgi Viet Nam da cd tdng sd 31 NHTMCP, ngan hdng 100% vdn nudc ngodi vd ehi nhanh ngan hang nudc ngoai tridn khai cung img dich vu Mobile banking vdi khodng gan 2 trieu khach hang su dung dich vy dich vy Mobile banking va khodng 1,8 ttidu Vi dien tit duoc phdt hdnh vdi sd lugng giao dich ngay edng tdng. Ngoai vide lu tridn khai xay dyng gidi phap Mobile banking rieng cua minh, cdc ngan hang cung dd hgp tdc vdi cac ddi tac tmng gian nhu Viettel, M-Pay de tgn dung Igi the khach hang eua cac don vj nay hoge bd sung da dgng dich vu eho khde hang tmdc khi dau tu vao gidi phdp Idu dai. Trong tdng sd 31 ngan hang tndn khai dich vy Mobile banking, cd 13 ngan hang hop tac vdi Viettel dp dyng giai phap Bankplus, 12 ngan hang hgp tac vdi M-Pay ap dyng giai phdp Mplus, 16 ngdn hang dp dung giai phap tg phdt tnen va mdt sd ngan hdng ap dung hai va ea ba giai phap neu trdn.
Bdn cgnh cac NHTM, mdt sd td chiic tmng gian thanh loan vdi lgi thd vd cdng nghd thdng
tin ciing dd nghien ciru, phat trien cac giai phap thanh todn, chuyen lidn thdng qua mgng di dgng cung nhu Internet dudi hinh thiic Vi didn tu. Den nay, Ngan hdng Nhd nudc ViSt Nam (NHNN) da cho phep 9 td chiic khdng phdi la td chiic tin dyng thyc hien thi didm dich vy Vi didn td thdng qua cde td chiic eung iing dich vy thanh toan, bao gdm: Cdng ly Cd phan Ho ttg djch vy Thanh todn Vidt Phu (MobiVi) vdi Vi dien bi MobiVi, Cdng ty Cd phan Djch vy Tme luydn Cdng ddng Viet (VietUnion) vdi Vi didn t^ Payoo; Cdng ty Cd phan Gidi phdp thanh toan Vi?t Nam (VNPay) vdi Vi dien tu VnMart; Cdng ty Cd phdn Djeh vu the Smartlink (Sraarllink) vdi Vi didn hi Smartlink Ewallet; Cdng ty Cd phan Cdng nghd Thanh loan Vi$t Nam 9VinaPay) vdi Vi didn tir Vcash; Cdng ly Cd phan Dich vg Di ddng tryc tuydn (M_Service) vdi Vi di?n tu M-Money; Cdng ty Cd phan Thanh loan didn tir VNPT (VNPT EPAY) vdi Vi dien hi MegaPayment; Cdng ty Cd phan Giai phap phan mem Hda Binh (PeaceSoft) vdi Vi di?n ui Nganlugng.vn; Cdng ty Cd phan Gidi phdp thanh todn Di$n luc va Vien thdng (ECPay) vdi Vi didn lu EDong. Trong cac dich vy Vi didn tir dugc cac td chiic tmng gian thanh todn neu tten eung irng, ehi cd dieh vy Vi dien tir ciia M-Service dugc cung img 100% qua kdnh di?n thogi di dgng.
Bdn canh dd, hidn nay ea sd
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ha tdng cdng nghd thdng tin vd tmydn thdng dang phat tridn cd phidu rgng va chidu sdu gdp phdn thue ddy phdt tridn kinh id- xa hdl, phyc vy an ninh- qudc phdng, ddp ung nhu edu trao ddi thdng tin va giao luu van hda cua nhan dan tren mgi mien dat nude, d^c bidt Id khu vye ndng thdn, vung sau, viing xa, hai dao. Ty Id hg gia dinh d ndng thdn cd didn thogi bao gdm cd di?n thoai di dgng tang rdt nhanh trong 10 nam qua, tir 5,3% nam 2001 Idn tdi 86,6%
nam 2011 tren phgm vi cd nudc. H? thdng mgng Iudi kinh doanh Internet tu nhan d ndng thdn ciing phdt tndn rdt nhanh.
Ty Id xd ed didm kinh doanh Internet tu nhan nam 2011 dgt 53,7% trdn ca nudc. Nhu cau vd dich vu ngdn hdng d ndng thdn cd thd danh gid Id khd cao, ehdng hgn nhu nhu eau chuyen den, nhgn lien giCra nhirng ngudi dinh eu va di cu d ndng thdn va thdnh thi, ttong nudc vd nudc ngodi. Tat cd nhiing dieu nay, cgng vdi sy quan tam chii ttong cua Chi'nh phu ddi vdi sy nghiep phat tridn ndng nghiep ndng thdn, la nhiing ydu td hdt sue thuan loi eho ITnh vgc dich vy thanh toan d ndng thdn, noi vdn edn nhldu khodng trdng ve mang Iudi ngdn hang.
Song cung khdng it yeu td gay can trd cho sy phdt trien ciia thanh toan khdng diing tidn mgt d khu vye ndng thdn ndi chung vd ciia thanh toan di dgng ndi neng, nhu (i) Irinh dQ van hoa hoa gido due vd liep cr • -ndng lin ciia ngudi ddn
„,;., thdn con Ihdp; (ii) ihu
nhdp vd doi song cita ngitai nong ddn khu vtrc nong thon Viet Nam thdp so v&i miic song chung cua cd nirdc; (iii) thdt quen lieu ddng vd ihanh todn bdng lien mat Id chinh; (iv) ca s& phdp ly ddi vdi dich vu ngdn hdng dien tu noi chung vd Mobile banking noi rieng con chua hodn Ihien...
Vi vdy, khi xay dgng, trien khai va quan ly md hinh thanh loan di ddng d khu vuc ndng thdn Viet Nam, can chii y mdt sd diem sau:
- Md hinh thanh loan di ddng khi duge xdy dyng edn dua trdn nhirng dgc trung cua khu vye ndng thdn Vidt Nam va thda mdn mgt sd didu kien nhu (i) phdi CO mgng Iudi rong khdp bao phd cdc viing nong thon;
(it) dich vu thanh lodn phi ngdn hdng duac cung cdp cho nguai thue bao dien Ihoai di dong;
(HI) tien ciia ngudi su dung phdi duoc huy dong vd qudn ly tdp trung trong he thong ngdn hdng.
- Hoan thidn co sd phdp Iy ddi vdi djeh vu ngdn hang didn tir ndi ehung va Mobile bardting ndi ridng nhu bd sung cae quy dinh lien quan den dai ly, trach nhiem ddi vdi giao dieh (tu ehdi giao dich, giao djch triing, quy dinh vd tta soat, khieu ngi, nhiing ttanh chdp cd lidn quan ddn giao dich thanh todn di ddng), hgn chd vd !ogi bd cac rdo can gia nhap thj tmdng, khuydn khich sg cgnh tranh Idnh mgnh vd minh bach giira cac chu thd tham gia Cdn cd van bdn du hidu Iyc dieu chinh hoat ddng cua cac dgi
ly lam djch vy thu hg, ehi hg cho cdc NHTM, trong dd xac dinh rd quydn, ttach nhidm ddi vdi khach hang, ddi vdi ngdn hdng, didu kidn thgc hi^n thu hd, ehi hg lidn quan ddn tiep can he thdng thanh toan ngan hdng ndi chung va thanh todn di ddng ndi rieng.
- Co sd ha lang ky thuat cdn dugc dau tu mgnh md hon vd hidu qua ban, nhu hg tang cdng nghd thanh todn vd qudn ly khach hang va tai khoan, xu ly giao dich, kdt ndi vdi hd thdng ngan hang, mgng di dgng...
Ddng thdi chii trgng bdi dudng ky nang cho ddi ngu nhan vien tai cde didm giao dich thao tdc quy trinh thudn thyc, ndm vimg san pham va djch vy, tidu chudn phyc vy khdeh hang,..
Viec tuyen tmyen, giao dye ddi vdi vide su dung cdc dich vy thanh loan di dgng nhu thdnh Igp cac tmng tam hd Irg khach hang tmc tuydn ciing la ydu id quydt dinh ldi vide cac phuong thirc va kenh thanh todn mdi cd dugc ddn nhgn rgng rai hay khdng
- NHNN hd tra tich cgc cho nhiing budc tidn ttong thanh toan ndi ehung va thanh toan di ddng ndi rieng. Chdng hgn, de quan ly tdt ddi vdi djch vy Vi di ddng, NHNN can yeu cau cac nha vgn hang h? thdng dam bao ddy dll gia trj cua cac tai khodn vi bdng tai khoan tien giii cd tinh thanh khodn cao tgi cac NHTM ciia nhd cung edp Vi di dgng nhdm tranh hidn tugng tidn do. N h u vdy. ndu Ihyc hien tdt didu nay, NHNN cd the dieu hdnh hogt dgng thanh todn di
2015-sd 154 4P CHi KHOA HQC & DAO TAO NGAN HA^
* ' U A N TRI N G A N H A N G a D O A N H NGHIEP
ddng mdt cdch an todn, dn dinh va phdt tridn, Ngodi ra, ttong giai dogn dau cd the cho phep edc nha van hdnh h§ thdng ban hanh cdc quy djnh tam thdi.
Didu ndy s2 giup cho cac quy dinh chinh thuc khi Augc ban hanh se ddm bdo tinh hidu luc, khd thi vd hgn chd duoc cac chi phi chinh sira. •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO / CGAP (2010). Noie.<^ on Regulation of Branchless Banking m the Philippine!,, al hllps://www cgapoi-g/iites/defaiili/files/CGAP- Regiilation-of- Branchless -Banking- in-Philippines-Jan-20I0 pdf
2. IMF (2012), Enhancing Financial Sector Surveillance in Low Income Countries (LlCS) - Case
Studies: http-//i^-\m' imf oig/exiernaU np/pp/eng/20I2mi 6I2b.pdf.
3 GSMA (2012). Mobile Money in Ihe Philippine!, - The Market, the Models and Regulation, Mobile for Ihe Unbanked- http //wn'Hgsina com/
mohilefo rdevelopinen t/wp-co nienti uploads/20l2/06/Phdippines-Case- Siudy-v-X2I-2I pdf
Model for payments through Mobile - Smart Monney of Philipnes - some recommendations for Vietnam
Over the past few decades, along with the boom of the information technology, techno-based financial services and products and online payment have been increasingly diversified and developed. Recently, the world has wilne'^sed the boom of mobile money and internet payment as more efficient new model foi payment, particularly for countries where financial service penetration is low.
Vielnam is a country with more than 70% of its population living m rural areas and the penetration is very low Therefore, better access to financial and banking services in these areas is very much needed. In this context, mobile payment is feasible solution lo achieve this target.
This article has reviewed models of payment via Smart Mobile • Smart Money that was successfully applied in Plulippines and would like lo propose a recommendations that will contribute to develop a suitable mobile payment model for Vielnam rural areas conditions
THONG TIN TAC GIA Ld Phinmg Lan, Thgc sy
Don v; cong Idc: Vien Chien luge ngan hang LTnh vuc nghien ci'ni chinh Chidn luoc va chinh sach
Tap chi tieu bieu da co bdi viet dang Idi. Tap chi Khoa hpc & Dao tgo Ngan hang Email: [email protected]
Nguydn Thi Mai Phugng, Thac sy Dan vi cong Idc: Vien Chien luge ngdn hang LTnh virc nghien cihi chinh Chien luge va chinh sach
Tgp chi lieu bleu da co bdi viet ddng ldi Tap chi Khoa hgc & Dao lao Ngan hang ^-^
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(BQ U rdn. rua vd. ret n^i nfi4u vdi nhau. "Dana lai rai iSna dma ket rumt aiOi cfiienij (Ba con lien Sjcudtf k^jcem aisela nji&i ^ mua.
^ . - - C ^ Mt^ cd chan nen phdi k ^ mua (du km. (dm (dhet cu^c vui hai kgn may di mua dil i ^ . - - C& tuy cil chdn nhima k chdm do co mai. tkM. tSl nhdt la mk rit nhiiu chdn dl nhanh nen dl mrnl O^'t: - Ok vdy tao si di mua!
<^nvdruad^ Mm JOphtit md chua thdy ret i (tin hM: -My^ "^ ''"^ ^^ ' * ^ '^''^
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