So sdnh do nhgy cdm giQa du trung torn su Penaeus monodon vd copepod Acaria tonsa trong thu
nghiem dp dpc cdp tinh
ThS. Ooin D^ng Phf C6ng, CN. L« Ding H6a Viin Ddu khi Viit Nam
Tdm t i t
Nghiin cdu ndy nhdm ddnh gid dp nhay cdm cda 2 lodi sinh vdt Penaeus monodon vd Acaria tonsa bdng thil nghiim dp ddc cdp tinh trin mdt sd chdt ddc chudn. Kit qud thvf nghiim dp dpc cho thdy cdc chdt dpc chudn cd tdc dung gdy ddc tuang doi gidng nhau vdi cdc sinh vdt nghiin cUu (cdc chdt cd dp dpc gidm ddn nhUsau:AgNOj > PCP>
CuSO^ ~ 3,S-DCP - CdClj > ZnSO^ > DSS > K^Crfi^ > Phenol > KCl) vd cd gid tri LC50 tCfO,16-611,30mg/l (ddi vdi Acaria tonsa) vd ti/0,79 - 714,89mg/l (ddi vdi Penaeus monodon). Trong dd, cd 2 lodi (Acaria tonsa/Penaeus monodon) deu cd dp nhpy cdm thdp nhdt ddi vdi KCl vd cao nhdt vdlAgNOy ty li dp nhpy cdm doi vdi cdc chdt dpc chudn tU0,7 - 4,9 Idn (trung binh khodng 2,2S Idn). TUkit qud cua nghiin cUu ndy, cd thidi xudt gid tri chuyin ddi dixdy dung thang chudn ddnh gid dp dpc cdp Unh trin doi tUpng sinh vdt bdn dia Viet Nam Id du trung tdm su Penaeus monodon td thang chudn dd cd trin thigidi ddi vdi copepod Acaria tonsa.
l . M d d a u
Thdnghiem dde tinh smh t h i i trong ddcdthdnghidm dd dpc la cong eu dUoe sddung rpng rai trdn the gidi va dVidl Nam n h i m q u i n ly vide si/dung va t h i i bd cic hda chit ra mdi trudng. Trong nhdng nam g i n day,Trung tam Nghidn cdu va Phit trien An loan v i Mdi trUdng D i u khi (CPSE)-Vien D i u khi Vidt Nam da thuc hien nhidu nghien edu dng dyng cic sinh vat b i n dja trong thd nghiem dp dpc pha nudc. Vide sir dung au trung tdm sii Penaeus monodon lam doi tUPng thir nghidm da d i m b i o tinh thyc lien v i phii hpp vdi dieu kidn mdi trudng Vidt Nam.
Hien nay, viec tam thoi i p dung cic thang chuin qudc td de d i n h g i i ket q u i t h d nghidm dp dpc trdn ddi tuong sinh vat Vidt Nam da g i y ra nhdng b i t e i p nhat dinh vi didu kidn thd nghiem v i dd
nhay c i m eua eic l o i i sinh v i t khic nhau. Vi vay, trong nghien cdu nay, nhdm t i c g i i da SLf dung copepod Acaria tonsa (thupc nhdm giap xic) - la ddi tupng duoc sd dyng rdng rai trong thCr nglVdm dd 6pc tren the gidi, d i e biet la d cic nudc dn ddi va d i cd thang chuan danh g i i de l i m ddi tupng so sanh.
2. Ddi tUdng v i phuong phdp thdr nghidm 2.1. Odi tupng thdnghiim
2.1.1. Sinh vdt thdnghiim
Cic smh v i t thd nghidm sd dung trong nghien ciJu bao gdm au triing tdm su Penaeus monodon v i copepod Acaria tonsa. Au triing tdm su Penaeus monodon Ihu thap tai cic trai nudi tdm su gidng tai Cin Tha d giai doan hau i u triing 6 - 8 n g i y tudi {pos 6 - 8). Cic m i u ldm su giong dupe kidm tra chat lupng vd bdnh hpc va nudi thuin chung tai phdng thi nghiem khoing 5 - 7 ngiy trudc khi tidn hanh thif nghiem. Copepod Acaria tonsa la loai thudc bd c h i n kidm dupc nudi v i sir dung rpng rai trong nhidu t h i p ky, duac coi la l o i i chuan trong thif nghiem
Hinh 7. Acaria tonsa Kmh 2. Penaeus monodon
B 48 DIU KHl-sd 11/2012
PETROVIETNAM
dp dpc. Loii Acaria tonsa dung trong thir nghiem da dupe thu thap d Vidn Tai nguydn Thiiy sin Quoc gia Dan Mach.
Copepods d giai doan trudng t h i n h dupe dung de l i m thi nghiem, dp tudi thich hpp eho thd nghidm l i 10 - 28 ngay sau khi nd.
2.1.2. Cdc hda chdt nghien cdu
Cic chit dpc chuan sd dung trong nghidn ciru bao gom: 4 hpp chat hdu eO l i Dodeeyl sodium sulfate {SDS), Phenol, Pentachlorophenol (PCP), 3,5-Diehlorophenol v i 6 hpp chat vd co la Cadmium chloride (CdClj), Potassium diehromate (KjCrp,), Copper sulfate (CuSOJ, Potassium Chloride (KCl), Silver Nitrate (AgNO^), Zinc sulfate (ZnSOJ.
Cie hda ehit n i y do Sigma-Arlich v i Merck sin xuat theo tidu chuan hda chat p h i n tieh.
2.2. Phuangphdp thvf nghiim dp dpc
2.2.1. Phuang phdp thdnghiem do dpc trin Acaria tonsa Phuong phap thd nghiem do dpc trdn Acaria tonsa thuc hien dUa tren tieu chuan ISO 14669:1999 (ISO, 1999) [34] v i dupe thuc hien tai Phdng Thi nghiem bien SINTEF, Trondheim, Na Uy [14].
Acaria tonsa cho tiep xuc vdi day ndng do chat t h d nghiem tii thap den cao. Sd dung 3 binh thd nghidm la cae binh tam giie dung tich 50ml cho moi ndng dd.
Thf nghiem dupc dat d nhidt dp 20 ± 2,0''C, do man 3,0 + 0,02%, h i m lUPng oxy hda tan > 4mg/l v i khdng cho i n trong thdi gian t h d nghidm. Sau 48 gid, xac djnh so smh v i t chet/khdng hoat dpng v i tinh g i i tri LC50 - 48 gid - nong dp chat t h d tai dd ty le sdng bj de che 50%
sau 48 gid.
2.2.1 Phuang phdp thdnghiem dp dpc trin du trimg tom su Penaeus monodon
Thd nghidm dp ddc pha nude tren ddi tUPng au triing tdm su Penaeus monodon dupe thyc hien theo hudng d i n
Hinh 3. Hi thdng thdnghiim dd ddc trin Acaria tonsa
HD.CPSE.SH.06 [7], phil hap vdi tieu chuin APHA 8740 A-D [10] dupe thuc hidn tai Phdng Sinh hpc, CPSE.
Penaeus monodon cho tidp xuc vdi day ndng do chit thif nghiem tdthap ddn cao. Mdi nong do sir dung 10 - 20 cde thuy tinh 50ml chda 20ml mdi trudng, moi cdc chu'a 1 c i thd sinh vat. Thi nghidm duoc dat d nhidt dp 26 ± 2,0''C, dd man 3,0 ± 0,2%, ham lUpng oxy h o i tan s4 mg/l v i khdng cho an trong thdi gian thd nghiem. Sau 96 gid, xic dinh sd sinh v i t ehdt/khdng hoat dpng va tinh g i i tn LC50 - 96 gid - ndng dd ehit thdlai dd ty Id sdng bi de chd 50% sau 96 gid.
2.2.3. Phuang phdp xdc dinh dd nhgy cdm [1,4,5]
D6 nhay c i m ciia smh v i t ddi vdi cie chit thir nghidm the hidn khi n i n g dap dng ciia sinh vat khi cd sy thay ddi ndng do eiia ehit thd. Tuy thude vao dac diem eua cac ehit thd m i sinh v i t cd sU dap dng khie nhau. Tii cac kdt q u i thir nghidm do dpc ciia cic ehit ddc chuan len eie loii sinh v i t Acaria tonsa va Penaeus monodon, xac djnh tinh nhay cam cua cic sinh vat nay ddi vdi cac chat dpe dupe danh g i i b i n g thdng sd dp nhay c i m . Od nhay c i m duoe dinh nghia la dd thay doi ty Id chet ciia sinh vat thif nghiem khi ndng dp chit dde thay doi 1 ppm (mg/l). Theo dinh nghTa nay, dp nhay c i m chinh la he so a eiia phuong trinh hdi quy tuyen tinh:
y = ax + b Trong dd:
y: la ty Id chet eiia sinh vat;
x: l i ndng dp ehit dpe.
3. Ket q u i va t h i o luan
3.1. Kit qud thvf nghiim dp dpc tren copepod Acaria ton- sa vd du triing tdm su Penaeus monodon
Kdt q u i thir nghiem do ddc eiia cic ehit doe chuan tren Acaria tonsa dUOc trinh bay d Bing 2 v i Hinh 5 dupe danh g i i theo thang chuin phin loai dd dpe pha nUdc ciia OCNS (OSPAR) (Bing 1). Cic chit dpe chuan sd dyng dupc chia thanh 2 nhdm: hdu ca v i vd cO. Cie ehit ddc chuan hifu cO ed do ddc trii dai t d nhdm A den C, dupe sap xep theo t h d t y do dpc giim dan: pentachlorophenol >
3,5-dlchlorophenol > dodeeyl sodium sulphate > phenol;
Hinh 4. He thong thd nghiim dd ddc tren du trung tdm su Penaeus monodon
n^-"Hi.3011/2012 49
trong do, chit cd dd ddc cao nhit l i pentachlorophenol {LC50 - 48 gid = 0,1957mg/l) v i t h i p nhit l i phenol (LC50 - 48 gid = 43,33mg/t). Cic chit dOc chuin vd cO cd dd dpc t r i i d i i t d nhdm A ddn D, dupe sip xdp theo thd t y dd ddc g i i m d i n : AgNO, > CdCI, - CuSO, > ZnSO, > Kfrp,
> KCl; trong dd, chit c6 dd dde eao nhit l i AgNO, (LC50 - 48 gid = 0.1642mg/l) v i t h i p nhit l i KCl (LC50 - 48 gid = 611.3mg/l).Theo thang p h i n loai ciia OCNS, dd ddc ciia cic chit ddc chuin nghidn edu trdn Acoria fonso trii d i i tdnhdm A ddn nhdm 0 vdi 5 chit Ihudc nhdm A (3,5-dichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, CdCI,, CuSO,, AgNO,), 2 chit ddc thudc nhdm 8 (dodeeyl sodium sulphate, ZnSOJ, 2 chit dde thudc nhdm C {phenol, K^Cr^O,) v i 1 chit ddc thudc nhdm D (KCl).
Odi vdi ket q u i thd nghidm dd ddc trdn Penaeus monodon. cic chit ddc chuin hdu co cd dd ddc t r i i d i i t u A ddn C, dupc xdp theo thd t u dd ddc g i i m d i n : pentachlorophenol > 3,5-dichlorophenol > dodeeyl sodium sulphate > phenol; trong dd, chit cd dd ddc cao n h i t l i pentachlorophenol (LC^^- 96 gid = 0,2235mg/l) v i t h i p n h i t la phenol (LC,^- 96 gid = 47,33mg/l). Cic chit ddc chuan vd cP ed dd ddc t r i i d i i t d nhdm A ddn D, dupe sip xdp theo t h d t u dp ddc g i i m d i n : AgNO^ > CuSO, - CdClj > ZnSO^> K j C r p , > KCl; trong dd, c h i t cd do ddc cao n h i t l i AgNOj (LC„- 96 gid = 0,191 mg/l), chat it dpc nhat la KCl (LC,o-96gid= 714,9mg/l).Theo p h i n loai eiia OCNS, dp dde eiia cac chat dde chuin nghidn cdu trdn Penaeus monodon t r i i d i i t d nhdm A ddn nhdm D vdi 2 chat dpc thupc nhdm A (pentachlorophenol, AgNO,), 4 chat ddc
Bdng 1. Phdn loai sabd ddc tfnh dua trin dd ddc pha trdm tich theo hi thdng phdn loai OCNS
Ph4nnh6msdb6 „,^ ^^ , B A f
(Kim nhdt) \ LC50[mg/kg) < 10 j 10-100 P > 10-100 >100-1.000
thudc nhdm B {3,5-dichlorophenol, CdCI^, CuSO,, ZnSOJ, 3 c h i t di>c thu^c nhdm C (dodeeyl sodium sulphate, phenol, KjCr^O,) v i 1 c h i t ddc thudc nhdm D (KCl).
Kdt q u i thif nghidm dd ddc ciia nhdm chit hifu co d i p h i n i n h dUpc ki^u g i y ddc cua cic hda chit thiJ nghidm theo p h i n lo?l ciia Verhaar v i cdng su [31, 32], Cic hda chit thudc nhdm cd kidu g i y ddc n g i n cin qui trinh phosphoryl hda (pentachlorophenol) l i ddc nhit {nhdm IV) vdi d i e didm dc chd q u i trinh tdng hpp ATP b i n g cich t i e d^ng v i o m i n g trong ciia ti thd lim cho cic ion H* dd t h i m qua m i n g g i y p h i vd gradien ion H*
[13]. 3,5-dichlorophenol v i dodeeyl sodium sulphate c6 kidu g i y ddc thudc nhdm hda c h i t tao p h i n dng sinh hoc (nhdm III), nhdm c h i t n i y chi cd linh ddc sau nhdm IV vj cd d i e didm g i y ddc b i n g cich tao p h i n timg kh6ng dac hidu vdi cie c i u true hda hpc khie cd trong cic phin t£i sinh hoc hoic chiing dupc chuydn hda t h i n h cie dang co ddc tfnh cao hon. Phenol thudc nhdm II gpi l i nh6m chat g i y md p h i n cue cd d i e di^m g i y ddc do lao cic ion H*c6 tfnh acid, nhdm n i y ed tinh ddc t h i p , chi cao hem nhdm chat g i y md khdng p h i n cue (nhdm 1) (31,32].
Ddi vdi c h i t ddc chuin vd cO, eic kim loai ning nhil Cu, Zn, Cr l i nhdng nguydn i d vi luong c i n thidt nhung khi d ndng dp cao se gay ddc eho CP thd sinh v i t nhift dc die boat ddng ciia enzyme, p h i hoai c i u true v i chdc nang eiia eic co quan trong td b i o nhu lysosome, ti the... Theo Vaal v i edng sU, dd doe eiia cic kim loai n i n g nhu Cd c6 the b i n g dd ddc nhdm IV eua cie hda chit huM cotheo
p h i n loai vd kieu giy doc cua Verhaar v i cpng sy:
Ngoii ra, KCl l i mu6i eiia kim loai kidm, ed dp d6c khdng cao nhUng duocsfi (Tdt nhdt)
> 1.000-10.000 1 > 10.000
Bdng 2. Tdm tdt kit qua thdnghiim dd ddc cua ede chdt dde chudn trin Acarid tonso vd Penaeus monodo Acaria tonsa
Chat ddc chuin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3,5-DCP DSS PCP Phenol AgNOs CdCI.
CuS04 KjCri07 KCl ZnS04
Gii trj LC50-48gier(mg/l)
0,42 3,34
£,20 _43^3 0,16 0,47 0,59 19,79 612^30 2,83
Khoing tin c&y 95% (mg/l)
0,35-0,51 3,0-3,72 0,18-0,22 39,29-47,79 0,15-0,18 0,37-0,59 0,50-0,62 17,90-21,88 573,1 - 652,0
2,52-3,18 Nh6m phAn loai
A 8 A C A A A C D B
Per Glitr;LC50-96
gl«(mg/ll 2,08 22,08 0,22 47,33 0,19 1,85 1,68 25,59 714,90 4,50
aeus monodon Khoing tin ciy
95% Img/I) 1,81-2,35 20,16-24,01 0,21-0,24 41,75-52,92 0,17-0,21 1,49-2,21 1,26-2,09 24,62-26,56 675,8-754,0 4,27-4,74
Nhim phin lo^l
C A C _A B B C D B
PETROVIETNAM
dyng lam chat dde chuan rat pho bidn, phii hop vdi mdi trudng thCr nghidm l i nudc bidn [23].
Khi so sinh kdt q u i t h d nghiem do dpc ciia cic ehit dpc chuin tren Acaria tonsa v i Penoeus monodon, thir tU sap xdp dp ddc trinh b i y d Bing 2 cho t h i y khdng c6 sU khic biet Idn. Cic c h i t CuSO^, CdCI^ v i 3,5-dichlorophenol CO su thay doi vi tri sip xdp khi so sinh gida 2 l o i i smh vat thd nghiem nhung gia trj LC50 cd sU chdnh Idch kh6ng cao: tif 0,42 - 0,59mg/l ddi vdi Acaria tonsa v i 1,68 - 2,08mg/l doi vdi Penaeus monodon. Kdt q u i trdn eho thay cic chit ddc chuan sd dung cd t i c dyng g i y dpc tuong doi giong nhau ddi vdi 2 l o i i sinh v i t niy.
3.2. Xdc dinh vd so sdnh dp nhay cdm cda Acaria tonsa vd Penaeus monodon
Dua vao cac ket q u i thif nghidm dp ddc ciia eie chit dpc chuin 3,5-dichlorophenol, dodeeyl sodium
. . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _
i.l I 1-
a ;"• r 1 >« i-o 1
• Ui^rin
/ ^ ^ . / / c^ / / Chii a^Hinh 5. So sdnh ket qua ttiLf ngi}iem 3
^ 8 ^ ^ ^ ^
r 1 m t j!..
m
doc cua cdc chdt doc chuan tren flcano tonsa va Penaeus monodon
Bdng 3. Bo nttay cam cua Acaria tonsa va Penaeus monodon doi vcsi cac citat doc chudn
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Chat doc c h u i n
D o nhay c i m (%) Acana Penaeus tonsa monodon 3,5-DCP 66,29 ' 21,95 DSS 9,67 2,07 PCP
Phenol AgNOi CdCli CUSO4 IfaCrja KCl
152,62 214,06 1,01
274,92 65,71 84,69 2,39 0,06 ZnSO. 1 17,37
0,80 315,66 19,95 17,19 1,93 0,07 10,55 T r u n g b i n h
Ty le d o nhay c i m A T / P M *
(idn) 3,02 4,67 0,71 1,26 j 0,87 1 3,29 \ 4,93 \ 1,24 0,89 1,65 j
«5 1
MT/PW; 4ear/a tonsa/Penaeus monodon
sulphate (DSS), pentachlorophenol, phenol, CdCI^, CuSO^, KjCr^O,, KCl, AgNOj v i ZnSO^ tren Acaria tonsa va Penaeus monodon da trinh biy, nhdm t i c g i i tidn hanh xic dinh dp nhay c i m eiia cic sinh v i t niy ddi vdi tdng chat ddc chuan b i n g cich xac dinh he sd gdc a eua phuong trinh hdi quy tuydn tfnh y = ax + b (trong dd, y: ty le chdt, x: ndng dd hda ehit). Kdt q u i vd do nhay c i m eiia Acaria tonsava Penaeus monodon dUOe trinh bay d Bing 3.
Ddi vdi Acaria tonsa, khi ndng 66 ciia cie chit ddc chuan thay ddi 1 mg/l thi mde dd ire ehe khi nang sdng ciia sinh v i t nay cd sU chenh lech r i t Idn, eao nhit l i hon 270% ddi vdi AgNOj va t h i p nhat la 0,06% ddi vdi KCl.
Dp nhay c i m ciia eie ehit dpc chuin doi vdi Acaria tonsa dupe sip xdp theo thd t u g i i m d i n : AgNOj> PCP > CuSO^
> 3,5-DCP > CdClj > ZnSO, > DSS > K^Cr^O, > Phenol > KCl.
Tuong tu, ddi vdi Penaeus monodon, khi nong dp eua cic chit dde chuan thay doi 1 mg/l ihi mde dp i^c chd kha nang sdng eiia sinh v i i nay cung cd sU chenh lech r i t Idn, eao n h i t l i hon 300% ddi vdi AgNO^ va t h i p nhat l i 0,07% ddi vdi KCl. Dd nhay c i m ciia cae ehit dde chuan ddi vdi Penaeus monodon dUpc sip xep theo thd t u g i i m d i n : AgN03> PCP > 3,5-DCP >
CdClj> CuSO^> ZnSO,> DSS > K^CrjO,> Phenol >
KCl. Dieu niy tuong doi phti hop vdi ket q u i danh gia dp ddc d phin tren.
Ty Id ve dp nhay c i m ddi vdi eac ehat doe chuan nghien ciru gida Acaria tonsa va Penaeus monodon khic nhau tuy thudc vao chit dpe chuan va bidn thidn tdO,71 {PCP} den 4,93 l i n (CuSOJ, trung binh l i 2,25 l i n , cd nghia Acaria tonsa cd do nhay c i m trung binh ddi vdi cac ehit nghien ciiu eao hOn khoing 2,25 l i n so vdi Penaeus monodon.
Tuy thudc v i o loai hda chat ma eie sinh v i t nghien cdu cd kdt q u i khie nhau, vi v i y t^ le ve dd nhay c i m eua 2 loai sinh v i t nghidn cdu cung cd the dupe ehia thanh cac nhdm sau:
- Nhdm cd gia tri < 1 (tif 0,71 - 0,89), dp nhay c i m eiia Acaria tonsa khdng nhd hPn nhieu so vdi Penaeus monodon, bao gdm cie 3 chit PCP, AgNO, v i KCl.
- Nhdm ed gia trj > 1 {tii 1,24 - 1,65), do nhay c i m ciia Acaria tonsa khdng Idn han nhieu so vdi Penaeus monodon bao gdm 3 chit KjCr^O,, Phenol va ZnSO^.
- Nhdm cd gia trj > 3 (tif 3,02 - 4,93}, dp nhay cam cua Acaria tonsa cao hon r i t nhieu so vdi cua
(lilBWrt-S011/2012 51
hrfo gdm 4 c h i t 3,5-DCP, CdCI^, DSS
I .|iKi lien cho t h i y Acaria tonsa cd dd nh^y c i m doi vui cac hoa chat nghien cdu cao hon so vdi Penaeus monodon. Tuy thudc v i o tdng chit dde chuin m i mdc dd chdnh Idch vd dd nhay c i m ciia 2 l o i i niy khic nhau.
4. Ket lu^n
Cic kdt q u i nghidn cdu d i n h g i i dd ddc ciia mdt sd c h i t dde chuin trdn cic ddi tuong thif nghidm dd dde pha nudc l i copepod Acaria tonsa v i i u triing tdm sii Penaeus monodon. So sinh dd nhay c i m ciia 2 l o i i sinh v i t niy, nhdm t i c g i i kdt luin:
- Cie chit dde chuin cd t i c dyng g i y ddc tuong ddi gidng nhau ddi vdi 2 loii sinh v i t thd nghidm l i Acaria tonsa v i Penaeus monodon. Kdt q u i thd nghiem dd dde dupe sip xdp theo thir tU g i i m d i n : AgNO, > PCP > CdCI^ ~ 3,S-DCP ~ CuSO, > ZnSO, > DSS > K^Crp, > Phenol > KCl.
- Acaria tonsa ed dp nhay c i m trung binh ddi vdi cie chit nghidn ciiru eao hon khoing 2,25 l i n so vdi Penaeus monodon.lis'y thude v i o tdng c h i t ddc chuin m i mdc dd chdnh lech ve dp nhay c i m ciia 2 loii nay khie nhau.
Tai lieu t h a m khao
1. D i n g Van Giap. Phdn tich dd lieu khoa hpc bdng chuong trinh MS-Excetl. Nha x u i t b i n Giio dye. 1997.
2. Doan Dang Phi Cdng v i nnk. fido cdo tong kit de tdi khoa hpc cdp Ngdnh "Nghien cdu xdy dung thang chudn phdn loai mdc do ddc trong pha trdm tich cua cdc hda chdt, chdt thai dua tren kit qud kiim djnh vdi ddi tuang du trung tom su nhdm phuc vu cdng tdc qudn ty mdi trudng biin Viit Nam". CPSE.. 2008.
3. Hoang Nguydn v i nnk. Bdo cdo tong kit de tdi khoa hoc cdp Ngdnh "Nghiin cdu dng dung md hinh Charm phuc vu cong tdc ddnh gid rui ro mdi trUdng trong viec sd dung hod chdt cho cdc hogt ddng ddu khi bien". CPSE. 2006.
4. Hoang Thai Ldc v i nr\k. Bdo cdo tong kit de tdi khoa hpc cdp Nganh "Nghien cdu dng dung cdc phuang phdp xdc dinh dp ddc, khd ndng phdn rd sinh hoc vd tich tu smh hoc cua mdt so hoa chdt sddung trong cdng nghiep ddu khi bien d Viet Nam nhdm phuc vu cdng tdc qudn ly mdi trudng".
CPSE. 2004.
5. Phan Hieu Hien. Phuang phdp bo tri thf nghiem vd xdly so lieu (thong ki thuc nghiem). N h i x u i t b i n Ndng nghidpTp. HCM. 2001.
6. Tdng edng ty D i u khi Vidt Nam. Hddng ddn thiic hiin cdc quy dinh vi bdo vi mdi trddng liin quan den si di^ng vd thdi hod chdt, dung dich khoan trong cdc hogt ddng ddu khi ngodi khai VietNam. 2005.
7. CPSE. HD.CPSE.SH.06. HUdng ddn xdc dinh dp ddc cdp tfnh cOa hda phdm ddu khi trin du trung tdm sO Penaeus monodon. 2011.
o. CPSE. Phuong phdp fl/otesf. 1994.
9. Alexandra Lacroix, Alice Hontela. A comparative assessment of the adrenoloxic effects of cadmium In tvm teleost species, ralnbout trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and yellowperch Perca fiavescens. Aquatic toxicology. 2004;67:
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