H6iOja 'y ^^ "^^^ "Suy^n Moi truong Thiia Thicn Hui Hoiflia ly Vi£t Nam
Tai nguyen vj t h i cac dao ven biy Nam Trung Bo
Uong Dinh Khanh', Le Due An'
Abstract
Positional resources of Nam Trung Bo coastal islands of Viclnam
Nam Trung Bo coastal island .system consists of ahenit 200 islands which are regrouped into 10 island groups They have advantages on geographical position and bring many useful benefits in terms oj natural resources, economy and national sovereignty The big resource values are included tcnirislic resources and conservation oj sea - island bio-diversily The big economic values are developmeni of marine transport and sea port, ecotoiirism and general service center, offshore fishing center, fishing logistics, marine services and revenue of Yen Sao The values of national sovereignty are expansion of ihe national terriioricil water on the sea and security, defense.
L M O BAU
Khai niem tai nguyen vj the ( T N V T ) con kha mdi me va chua d u g c nghien cihi nhicu. Nguyen Chu Hoi quan niem Vi the d u g c hieu la nhung lgi the so sanh vc phuo'ng dicn dia ty, kha nang khai thac cac gia tri phi vat chat va vat chat ciia mdt don Vj lanh tho nhat dinh [5].
Tdc gid Le Dire An vd Trdn Dire Thanh [4] thi cho rdng TNVT Id nhimg gid Iri vd lai ich cd duoc tit VI tri dia ly vd cdc thudc tinh ve cdu Inic, hinh the san vdn vd cdnh quan, sinh thai eiia mdt khdng gian, cd the sir dung cho ede muc dich phdt trien kinh le - xd hdi, ddm hdo an ninh qudc phimg vd chit quyen cjiidc gia.
0 cac biii bao dang t r u d c day, chiing tdi da gidi thieu ve T N V T ciia he thong dao ven bd Viet Nam vil cac dao ven b d N a m Bg [2, 3]. Doi vdi cae diio ven bd, chiing loi hieu T N V T la nhung lot ich CO dugc tir vi tri khdng gian ciia cac dao, viing dao, cijng nhu tir each sap xep, phan bo va tir gia tri hinh the ciia chiing.
Trong bai viel nay chiing toi se phan tich sau ve cac dao ven bd Nam Trung Bd (NTB), mgt vimg bien m d vdi so lugng dao khong nhieu nhung nhirng gia tri ve T N V T do chiing mang lai rat Idn.
Ddi tugng nghien cuu va danh gia T N V T la cac dao ven bd N T B phan bo tren them luc dia thuoc pham vi hanh chinh ciia 8 tinh ven bien mien Trung til' Da Nang den Binh Thuan
2. KHAI QUAT VE CAC BAO VEN BO NAM TRUNG BO
Cac dao ven b d N T B cd so tugng khoang 200 dao vdi long dien tich 172,0km^ (chiem 7 , 2 1 % ve so dao va 9,99% ve dien tich ciia cac dao ven bo Viet Nam) Trong sd 200 dao nay, co 1 8 dao cd dien tich > t k m ^ vdi tdng dien tich 153,54km^ chiem 9 % v l s6 lugng nhirng chiem den 89,3% dien tich ciia cac dao ven b d N T B va c h i l m 9,61 % dien tich cac dao ven bd Viet Nam co dien tich > I k n r [1] Cac dao cd dien tich Idn phai k l d i n Hdn Ldn (Van Nmh -Khanli Hoa) 4 1 , 7 k m ' , Hon Tre (Nha Trang - Khanh Hda) 33,15km-, Phii Quy 16kin-, Cii Lao Cham 15km^ Ly San 9,97km", Cii Lao Xanh (Binh Djnh) 3 , 5 k i n \ Hdn Binh Ba (TX Cam Ranh - K h a n h lloa) 3,6km", Cii Lao Mai Nha (Tuy An-Phu Yen) l , 2 k i i r , Cii Lao Cau (Tuy P h o n g - B i n h Thuan) l,2kin-.
' Vifn Dia Ly - Vien Khoa hoc vci Cong nghe Viei Nam DIA LY BIEN VA HAI DAO VIETNAM
Hoi Dja I> va Tai nguyen Mni Iruong Thira Tliicn HuE Hoi Oj^ h Vi?M\am Cac dao ven bd NTB phan bo tlianh 10 cum dao- Ly San, Plui Quy, Cii Lao Chimi. Nghiem Kmh Chilu, Hdn Ong Can. Hdn Khd, Hon Dit, Cii Lao Xanh, Hdn Ldn. Hdn Trc. Ngoiii ra con c6 \ mdt SC) dao phiin bd ddc liip ven bd uhu Hdn Binh Ba, Cii Lao Cau [6],
- Cum dao Ly San nam each TP Quang Ngai 45kni vc phia Ddng Bac, gdm cd 2 dao Ly Son (Cii Lao Re) dicn lich 9,97km- va Cii Lao Bd Bai 0,7km'.
- Cum dao Phii Qiiy: n^m each TP. Phan Thill tOOkni vl phia Ddng Nam, gdm 10 dao ton nlw dugc chia thanh 2 nhdm dao. 1) nhdm dao Phii Quy cd 06 dao: Phii Quy (Cii Lao Thu) ldn nhal.
khoang 16knr va cac dao nhd ban gom cd Hon Tranh, Hon Giira, Hdn Den, Hdn Dd, Hon Trung. 2) nhom dao Hdn Hai cd O-i dao: Hdn llai, Hdn Do Ldn, Hdn Do Nhd, Hon V< Trong sd 10 dao tren clu dao Phil Quy cd dan sinh song,
- Cum diio Cii Lao Cham: each pho cd Hpi An klioang 20km vl phia Ddng BSc, each TPDa Nang 30kin \c phia Dong Nam, gim 8 dao tdn nho, ldn nhat la Cii Lao Chiiin (cdn ggi la Hon Lao) dicn tich 15km-. Cac dao \iiiig quanh cd Hdn Giai dien lich gan 1km": Hdn Ong va lion Tai dien licli ]-2kin- \a cac dao nhd khiic Hon Mo, Hon La, Hon Cu, Hon Khd.
- Cum dao Cit Lao Xanti: nam each TP Qui Nhon khoiing 20kni vc phia Ddng Nam, gdm Cu Lao Xanh Idn nhat khoang 3,5knr vii 2 dao nho khac,
- Cac cum dao Nghiem Kinh Chieu, Hdn Can, Hon Khd, Hon Diil, Hdn Ong Can cd so luong khoang 21 dao nho, dien tich chi lir 1 vai ha den viii chuc lia, nam each bd bicn TP. Qui Nhon lir viii nam met den d'udi I Okm, Chi ricng Hon Ong Can each bd xa nhat khoang 12 km,
- Cum dao Hon Lon. gdm khoang 31 dao cita 2 huyen Van Ninh vii Ninh Hoa, trong do Hon Ldn (cdn ggi la Hdn Ba) cd dicn lich ldn nhat khoang 41,7knr nam an ngu phia ngoai cira vjnh Van Phong. Xung quanh t-lon Ldn la cac dao nho khac nhu Hon Dd (0,075 knr) d phia Nam; Hdn Doi (0,l95kni-), Hdn Khd ( 0,05km-), Hon Trau Nam ( 0,01 km^) d phia Ddng va Ddng Bac; Hdn tVlai ( 0,07ktn-), Hon Me ( 0,11km-), Hon Dung ( 0 , l k m \ Hdn Den (0,015km-) d phia Tay; Hon Bjp (1,5km-) d phia Tay Bac; Hdn Sang (0.95km"), Hdn Ong (0,81 kn") d phia Bac va rk nhilu dao nho ktiac nira. Trong so cac dao nay chi cd 2 dao la Hon Ldn va Hdn Bip c6 diin sinh song.
- Cum dao Hdn Tre: bao gdm khoang 24 dao Idn, nhd phan bd ca phia trong va ngoai cira vjnii Nha Trang, ldn nhal la dao Hdn Tre dien lich 33,15km^ . Vl phia Nam cd Hon Mdt (0,46km^), Hon Miin(l,31km^), Hdn Noi (0,5km-), Hdn Ngoai (0,08km'); phia Tay Nam cd Hdn Tam (1,1 km"), Hon Mieu (1,04km'); phia Dong Bac co Hdn Vung (0,44km'), Hon Cau (0,3km'), Hon Ctia Lit (0,87km^);
phia Tiiy Bac cd Hon Cii Lao (0,25km'), Hon Mat (0,02km'), Hon Cirt Chim (0,05km-); phia Ddng co Hon Ngc ( 0,04 km') va rat nhicu dao nhd khac.
Diem dac sac eua cac cum dao ven bd NTB khac vdi cac khu bd khac eua Viet Nam la su phan bl ciia chiing da lao ra cae doi cat noi dao, khiin bd biln co nhilu viing vinh noi tieng nhu cac vjnh
?.uan Dai. Van Phong, Nha Trang, Cam Ranh.
Ve mat hanh chinh, trong he thong dao ven bd NTB cd 2 huyen dao: Ly San va Phii Qui ciing vdi 5 xa dao true thudc cae dan vj hiinh chinh tren bd la: xa Tan Hiep (Cii Lao Cham) thugc TX. Hoi An, xa Nhan Chau (Cii Lao Xanh) thugc T.P Qui Nhan, xa Van Thanh (Hdn Ldn) thudc huyen V^n Ninh, phudng VTnh Nguyen ( Hdn Tre) thugc T.P Nha Trang va xa Cam Binh (Hdn Binh Ba) thuoc TX. Cam Ranh.
Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn quoc idn thu 6; Thdnh phd Hui 9/2012
Hgi Dja 'y *'^ ^ ^ ' "S"y^" ^^^' tm-ong Thira Tliicn Hue Hui Dia h' Viel Nam 3. NHUNG LCfl TIIE VE VI TKI BIA LY CUA CAC DAO VEN BO NAM TKUNC BO 3.1. Vi tri dja ly nam trong diii d nhiet dd'i gid miia khdng co niCia dung lanh
Cac dao ven bd NTB ed uu the ban so vdi eac dao ven bd Bac iid va Bac Trung Bd vl dilu kien Idii hau nang ndng quanh nam, it chiu anh hudng cita bao, tliuan Igi cho sinh irudng ciia ciiy irdng, \ at nuoi; cho sir phat trien da dang cita the gidi sinh vat viing tricu va bicn nong ven bo quanh cac diio;
thuan Igi cho hoat dgng san xuat va du Ijch.
3.2. Vi tri cura ngo dat lien
Nam d cua ngd dat lien cac diio ven bd cd dicu kicn phat irien llianh cac trung lam giao thuong quoc le dudng bicn, dudng bd, hang khong; thirc hicn cae djcli \u van tai bien, cang bien. dich \u ngan hang, thuang mai, nudi trong hai san, phat tncn cac loai hinh du lich (siiili thai, nghi dudng, lan bicn...) dong thai con la cac vgng gac cd chirc nang kiem soal lau be ra vao cang song, bien.
3.3. Vj tri ticn ticu tren bicn
Nhirng lgi ich mang lai tir yeu id TNVT ciia cae dao va cum dao ven bd N1 B l:i rai lo Idn, bao gom: md rdng chii quyen lanh tho quoc gia tren bicn, bao \e vung ehac an ninh viing bien diio ven bd va lanh hai NTB; phat trien khai thac lai nguyen bicn (liai san, dau khi); pliat iricn cac lo^ii liinh djch vy bicn (giao thong, van lai, djch vu hau can nghe ca, ciiu ho. ihuang mai) phat Irien du Ijch sinh thai.
nghi dudng
3.4. Vi tri sap xep cua cac dao
Vdi each sap xep cita cac dao dudi dang don lc hoac ihitnh cum phan bd xa bd hoac gan bd cung vdi hinh the da d^ng va dg cao cita cae dao da mang lai nhicu lgi ich lo ldn vc an ninh qudc phong doi vdi vice xay dung cae Iran dja phdng thii bao vc diit nude, quan ly vimg bicn. lao cae viing vinh kin gid, hinh thanh cac cang nude sau, la noi tau be tni ngu tranh bao.
4 . N I I L r N G L O l i C I I M A N G L A I T i r G l A T R ! TAI NGUYEN Vj THE CUA CAC DAO VEN BO NAM TRUNG BQ
4.1 Loi ich ve gia tri tai nguyen 4.1.1 Loi ich ve gia trj tai nguyen du Ijch
Gia trj vl tai nguyen du Ijch eua cac dao ven bd NTB phong phii va da dang, dugc danh gia la the manh va lgi thi vl mat tu nhicn so vdi cac \ img dao khac trong ea nude, bdt
- Dicu kicn khi hau va tu nhien thich hgp cho cac boat dgng du Ijch the Itiao, nghi dudng. du Ijch sinh thai irong sudi ca nam.
Nhilu thang canh dep ndi tieng tren cac dao, nhu, canh quan cac dang dja hinh mii lira ircn dao Ly San, Phu Qui; canh quan cae vach dirng lu nhicn quanh cac dao Cii Lao Cham, Cii Lao Xanh, Phil Qui..; canh quan vung vjnh Van Phong, Nha Trang, Xuan Dai, Qui Nhan...
DIA LY BICN VA HAI DAO ViET NAM
Hoi Dia \\ va T-ii ngujcn Moi truong "l*l'"a Thicn Hue ^ n 0 i j > i 3 >>' VK'' Ni
-1 le smh ih.ii bien-dao da dang vdi nhtcu loiii dong, ihgc viit dac hiiu cd sire luip dim du lich nhuc diio-Cii Lao Cham. Ly San, Phii Qui, Cii Lao Xanh. Cii Lao Miii Nha, Hdn Ldn. Hon Ire, Hon Mini, ( Lao Cau-
- Cd n h i l u bai lain dep hoang sa vdi eat trang min va nude bicn liong xanh nhu d Cii L;
Chiim, Hdn Ldn. Cii L;io Xanh, Hon fre. Ly San, Phii Qui...
- Chira dung n h i l u di tich Ijch sir \an hoa. khiio co. lc hgi iruyen thdng dac sac. trong dd noi b nhat la di chi khao cd. dinh chiia, m i l u mang dam cac giii trj kien tnic - \an hoii cii.i ngudi Cham ( t Lao Chitni, Phii Qui. Ly Son): di chi kliao cd ncn van hoa Sa lliiynh (Plui Qui. l i o n i re), lc hoi di ihuyln. lc c5u ngu. lc t l l i i n h i l n . . . ( Cii Lao Cliiim. L\ Son, Phii Q u i ) .
4.1.2. L g i ich \v da dang sinh hoc
Cac diio ven bd la nai lap iiung t h i gioi sinh_v(U bicn - diio da dang, phong phii tii l i i n dc clios hinh Ihanli cac khu d u irir smh q u y i n va khu hao ldn bien. Hicn iiity Vict Nam ed 6 khu vuc ven bic vil liai dao duoc L!\ ban smh q u \ l n \ i i con nguin ( M \ B | Ihudc I X I S C O cdng nhiin la khu du ir sinh quyen the gidi vii 15 khu biio l i n bicn qudc gia dugc Chinh phu Vict Nam cong nhiin. Troii^s nay cd 01 khu du trir sinh q m c i , i h l gun Cii I ao Cham \ i i 05 khu bao Ion hiCn (Cii Lao Cham. L San. Hon Mun. Cii Lao Cau, Phi* Q u \ ) niim irong he ihong cac diio \ c n bd N I'B Dicu na> daman tai nhilu gia u i quy gid \ e biio \ c ngui-n gen. da dang sinh hoc vit plial irien kmh le bicn- dao ciia \ui, b i l n N i i i "
Klui d u t r u sinh quyen ihc gidi Cii Lau Cluim >o luiu lan san lid rong 165 ha. \img lUM quanh itao eo 947 loai sinh viil sdi'g. Trong dd ciic loiii cit bien sdng lien ran san lid 178 loai. Si giw^': \'a 32 hg, long bien 122 loiii ihuc viil pliii du 215 loiii; dgng \'iit phii du 87 loiii. san ho' ! ' loiii. lluigc 40 gidng. thiin mem 144 loai. giiip \ac 25 loiii. da gai 21 loai. giun 21 loai Tren &.'•
thiim ihue \ i i l cd do d i e plui luong doi Ion. khoang 60 - 70% \ d i kicu lliiim llurc viil rirng tluririu
\aiih ciiy la rdng nhiel ddi, pliiin bn chu ) c u a dii c:io tir 50in den 500tn chicm dicn tich ton nhiil D;i\ til kieu tliam rirng cd nhicu cay gd quy nhu Go bien. I l n y i i h , Lim xet... Mae dii chi mdi iiizhui ciru d do cao 100 m trd xudng, soi.g qua thdng kc cho iluiy he t i u c vai Cii Lao Cliiim cd 499 tui tluipc 352 chi, 115 ho ciia 5 nganh llurc vat bac cao cti niiieh. T i o n g dd cd tdi 342 loai co ich, clai bicl nhdm cay linn thudc ed su lap irung nhieu nhat ldi 116 loai. chicm 22,8%) tdng sd loai thong U duac. He thuc vat Cii Lao Cham ciing da phat hicn 5 irong long sd 6 nganh thuc vai bac cao ciia lii thuc vat Vict Nam. Neu so sanh ihi d C i i Lao Cham chicm 1/20 tdng sd loai, gan 1/6 long so chi va gan !/2 tdng sd ho cua ihuc vai V i c l Nam. Hicn Cii Lao Cham ed 12 loai thu, 13 loai chim, 130 loai bo sat vil 5 loai cch nbiii, Trong sd nay, dang chii y cd khi dudi dai va chim yen la 2 loai duac diia vao Siich Do Ddng vat Vict Nam [7],
- Khu bao Ion bicn I Idn Mun nam trong Vjnh Nha Trang bao gdm cac dao nliu Hon Trc, Hon Mieu, Hon Tam, Hdn Mdt, Hdn Mun, Hon Cau, Hon Vung, Hdn Ram, I Idn Ngc va viing nude xung quanh Dien tich khu bao tdn khoang 160kin' gdm 38 k m ' mat dai va khoang 122 k m ' viing niroc .ung quanh cac dao Kel qua khao sat da dang sinh hpc vii smh cu khu bao ton b i l n cho I h l y 1 Ion Mun la nai cd ran san ho phong phii, da dang nhSl Vicl Nam \ a cd tain quoc t l bdi so loai luong tunhuo trung lam ihe gidi vc da dang san hd d khu vuc A n Do- Thai Binh Duang. Ci day da tim thay 340 trong long sd han 800 loai san ho ciing ircii i h l gidi cimg vdi nhilu loai ca sdng trong ran san hd va sinh vai viing bien nhiet ddi. Khu bao tdn bicn Hdn Mun la dia d i l m ly ludng cho nghicn ciru khoa hgc sinli vat bicn, cho hoat ddng du lich tan bicn kham pha i h l gidi dai duang.
Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn qudc Idn ihtr 6. Thdnh phd Hui. 9/2012
Hni Pja Iv va Tai nguyen Moi Iruong Tliiia Thicn H u i Hoil)iHly V i i l N.i n
4.2 L p i ich ve k i n h tc
4.2.1 Phal trien giao Ihong van t a i , ciing bien.
Lgi ich nay Ihuge vc dao l i o n Ldn Cimg vdi hdn Khai Luang (von Irudc dii\ la ddo na\ dii dugc noi vdi dat lien bang doi eat noi dao tao nen ban dao I Idn Gdm), 1 Idn Ldn n i n i an niiii phia cira vjnh Van Phong da tao ncn laeh nude siiu Cd Cd, chd hep nhat khoang 700m, cho rdng n h l l ldi 1 50()ni va dg sau trung binh cua lach 20-30m, ciing nhu tao cho vinh Van Phong kin va kliult gio \a la nai thuan lgi cho xay dung cang bicn nude sau qudc lc co ihe l i l p nhan dugc lau container siic chd 9 000
^ 15.000 TI'.U Jioac ton ban, tim chd dau 30 - 40 van D W T ra vao cang, Cung nhd vj Iri niim nga\
canh dai diil lien cue dong ciia To qudc. each hai phan quoc i l khoang 22kni, gan nga ba cac lu> I n hang hai Chau Au-Bac_A, Chau Uc - Dong Bac A va Ddng Nam A- Dong Bac A, lai cd luycn dudng Q U A vil dudng sai Bac - Nam chay qua, QL26 ndi vdi Tay Nguyen (Buon Mc Tluioi) da lao cho Vjnh Van Phong noi c h u i i g v a dao Hdn Ldn ndi ricng cd licm nang d l ptiiil i r i l n kmh l l long hgp.
dong thdi la dia diem eo nhicu Igi llie dc xay dung cang b i l n quoc t l va ca sd ddng tiiu qui nio k'-n 4.2.2 l l i i i i i thanh cae t r u n g l i i m du lich sinh thai, nghi duong va djch MJ l i n g hgp b i l n dan.
U'u the nay ihuoc vc cum dao I ton Tre. Cii Lao Cham, I ton Ldn:
- ( \tiu ddo Hdn Tre ~ trung turn du lich smh thai vd dich vu tdng hgp biim dao tdm qudc g lu vd (Hide le thien nhicn ban lang cho vinh Ntia Trang ndi chung \a cum dao Hon Trc ndi ricng nguln tin nguyen du lich vo gia. Dd chinh la khi hau am ap quanh nam, khu bao ton bicn I Ion MLIU da dang vc the gidi sinh v.it viing bicn ven bd va vimg trieu thuoc loai bac nhat nude ta. cae bai eat nun. canh quan hoang so Iren dao cdng vdi dau l u ciia con ngudi da lam lao ncn trung tain du Ijch sinh thai biln dao tam cd qudc gia vit qudc tc. Nhicu Du an phal trien du Ijch vii djch vu long hop da dugc diiu Ur cho cum dao Hdn T r c khu du lich Con Se Tre, Vinpearl resort & spa, klui du Ijch sinh thai /a The gidi nude Vinpearl, Cdng vicn van hda Vinpearl, Cdng vicn van hda Hon Tre, khu du Ijch liai Soi, khu bii:l Ih^r va san gon Vinpearl. khu resort cao cap Bai Ran: thuy cung T r i Nguyen tren dao hdn Mieu. he thong cap treo ndi khu du Ijch Vinpearl tren dao Hdn Tre vdi cang cau da TP. Nha Trang. Cung nhd CO sy dau t u nay ma cum dao Hon Tre ngoai vice thu hiit dugc nliieu khach du lich den vui chai, giat tri cdn la nai duac chon td chirc nhieu su kien Idn trong nude va the gidi nhu. td chuc eac cudc ihi hoa h^u Vict Nam, hoa hau the gidi ngudi Vict, boa hau hoan vii the gidi cimg nhicu cudc hgp. ligi nghj quan trgng khac... \ a xiing dang vdi ten ggi "//(;« Sgoc Viet" da dugc dai cho.
- Cii Lao Chc'un, cum dao co nhieu tiein ndng cho phdt trien du Itch sinh thai. Cu Lao Cham la cum dao co Ijch sir phat trien dja chat tau dai, de lai nhieu dau an dgc dao tren ncn da gdc va dja hinh.
Dd la tinh b i t doi xirng \ 6 i sudn ddng ddc dung, sudn lay thoai; la cac be mat san bang, cae bae ihcm bicn, bai bien, cac sudn cd hinh thai va do doc khac nhau. Thien nhicn da ban tang Cii Lao Cham cac till nguyen du Ijch dja mao quy gia, dd la ciie bai bicn thoai vdi nen cat min, sach, nam xen giij-a cac mdm nhd da vdi nhirng net chain trd dgc dao, cac vach da ky vT, khdi da da dang vc hinh the va dac biet la hang Y i n tren eac bd vach da ddc. Cii lao Cham da dang ve cac loai ciia ngimh thuc vat bac cao va cac loai ddng vat. Dang chii y d day la nhdm cdy cdnh vdi su phong phii cua tue vd lan huyet nhung tia. I lien da phat hicn duoc nhicu cay tue cd tudi tren ba tram nam, hinh dang kha ta mat. Viing b i l n ven bd quanh dao Cu Lao Cham gdm cac he sinh thai viing tricu, he sinh thai ran san hd da dang va phong phii cac loai, gidng sinh vat bien. Trong do he sinh thai ran san ho la siin pham ciia viing b i l n nhiel ddi va ciing r3t d i l n hinh d dao Cii Lao Cham. Tai day cd the md hudng du lich lan bicn hogc trang bj tau cd kinh d l quan sat san hd. V d i lgi the ve tiem nang t u nhien khdng thua kem dao Hdn Tre (Khanh Hoa); neu dugc dau t u manh mc, Cii Lao Cham xiing dang trd thanh irung tam du
DIA LY BIEN VA HAI DAO VIETNAM ~ ~ ^ — _ —
Hoi Uja K va Tai nguyen Moi t r u o n g Tliiia Thicn Hu£ __HO[^Pigi^^^^^^|
tjch sinh tluii b i l n - dao va djch vu t h u a n g mai tSm quoc gia \ a qudc l l . la d i l m ddn khach du|
trong nude va quoc l l khi den vdi 1 luc. Da Nang, I loi An va thanh dia My Son.
- Vjnh Vein PImng - ddo 1/dii Lent, Irung tdm du lieh vd dich vu tdng hop tdm qudc /c: noii phiit t n l n du lich I Idn Ldn, khdng llil tach rdi 1 Ion Ldn vdi vinh Van Phong. Do vi iri nam sat bii, cang b i l n nude siiu D i m M o n , vinh Van Phong- Hon Ldn d u g c coi la mot irong nhirng khu du|
sinh thai b i l n dep nhiit nude ta va trong khu v u c , dac bicl la he sinh thai t u nhicn cdn h o a n g so th vao loai h i l m d Ddng N a m A Van Phong - 1 ldn Ldn cd he t h i n g dao va ban d a o , vinh sau kin gio.
khu vuc CO he sinh thai riling nhiel ddi, rirng ngap man, d d n g t h u e vai b i l n ndng ven b d phong pliO, dang vdt khoang 350 loai san hd qui h i l m ciing 270 loai torn ca va tren 3 0 bai t i m hau het vanti hoang s o . Vdi nhict d o am ap quanh nam, canh quan dac sac va mdi trirdng tir nhicn cdn giii diroc nguyen ven chua h\ d n h i l m day la noi eo d i l u kicn ly lu'dng d e xay d u n g thanh mgt khu du Ijcli bii va dich \'u tdng hgp hap dSn du khach quoc l l va trong n u d e . Lgi i h l niia la Van Phong - Hon U nam d trung lam vimg D o n g Nam A, vdi khoang each gan nlur nhau tdi thii dd ciia cac n u d e trongU vuc; day ciing la mdt uu i h l phiil iriln du Ijch vi chi sau 2 gid bay du khach cd the ldi d u g c dilm n^
ngai tuyct vdi.
4.2.3 Hinh t h a n h cac t r u n g t a m d a n h hM xa b d , h a u c5n n g h e ca v a d i c h vu h a n g hai, ciiu I Ircn b i c n .
Lgi till nay thugc ve cac cum dao nam \ a bd nhu Ly S a n , Phii Quy:
- Vdi lai I h l gan cac n g u truong ldn, ngudi dan lai ed truyen t h d n g lau ddi vc nghe danh balvl bo, Ly Son hoan loan co tiie trd thiinh mdt irung tam diinh bat va che bicn hai san, dich vu nghecaclul cit \ u n g b i l n phia b5c N T B . D I lain d u g c dieu nay, ddi hdi Ly Son phai d u g c dau t u xay dung cangci Idn va nai irii dau lau be an toan khi gid bao. Dau tu cac e a sd c u n g ting vat tu, x a n g dau, thuc pham nude da, ihu mua, bao quan va sa che hai sim. Ngoai ra ciing can phat trien cac djch vu thong ba;
ludng ca, thong bao khi t u g n g hai van, sira chua c o khi, to chirc cac dich vy ciru nan, ciru ho ircn bici khi CO thicn lai n h u bao td, d g n g dat, sdng than, hoac cac rut ro .rcn bien, cac tham hga mdi Iruoii]
(Iran dau, chay n o , . . . ) va cac dich vu d d n g b d khac tren dao n h u l l u o n g mai, ngan himg, thdng tin lie
lac, y le. i - Nam ke cac tuyen giao thdng bicn ngi dja va qudc te tir T P . Hd Chf Minh di Hai Phdng, Honj
Kdng, Han Qudc. Tokyo, Xingapo: nam Ircn tuyen d u d n g danh bat hai sim ciia cac n g u dan ven bien ihupc cac tinh Mien Trung va N a m Bg; nam an ngtr phia bac b e c h u a dau khi Cirii L o n g va Nam Con San, d gan Trirdng Sa nhal so vdi bat c u dao hoac cang nao trong viing; Phii Qui giii- vai tro vi iri thuan lgi nhat trong vice trung chuyen hang hoa tir dat lien cho q u a n dao T r u d n g Sa, la trung tam phal irien dich vu cho khoan Iham dd, khai thac dau khi, djch vii h a n g hai, t h u o n g mai q u d c le, noi trii dau tau thuyen khi cd bao Idn. Neu d u g c diiu l u manh cac c o n g trinh ha tang c o sd n h u c a n g bien, xi nghiep su'a chira tau thuyen, diiii l u cho phat trien nong nghiep, cho bao tdn va luu giu- nguon nude m?l ket hgp vdi n u d e ngam; Phu Qui se cd dii dieu kicn cung cap n u d e ngol, rau xanh cho dao Tru'dng sa.
cho lau thuyen qua lai ircn viing bicn nay, cho dich vii khoan tham dd d I u k h i . , . 4.2.4 Lg-i ich k i n h te to ldn lir n g u o n t h u yen s a o .
Trong he thdng dao ven bd Vicl N a m , chi duy nhat tai mdt sd dao ven b d N T B cd chim y i n lani td. Uu the nay thudc ve cum dao Hdn Tre va cum diio Cii Lao C h a m . T r o n g cum dao Hdn Trc cd tdi 8 dao ( Hdn Ngoai, Hdn Ngi, Hon Ho, Hdn Cha La, Hdn Dun, Hdn M u n , Hdn N g c , Hdn Xa Cir) cd chim yen tiim td Sd lugng dan chitn yen tai Khanh Hoa hien nay khoang 500.000 con va himg nam cho nguon tai khoang 2000kg y I n sao vdi ngudn thu tir 90 - 1 2 0 ty dong cho tinh Khanh I loa (theo N g u y i n Quang 92 Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn quoc Idn thii 6; Thdnh phd Hui 9/20!i
jjAj nia K va Tai nguyen M6i truong Thiia Thicn Hue Hoi Oia ly Vi£l Nam phach, 2008). Tai cac dao nhd trong cum dao Cii Lao Cham nhu Hdn Md, Hdn La, Hdn Cu va Hon Khd cung la nhiing nai cd dilu kien sinh thai thich hgp cho chim yen lam td, dem lai ngudn thu ldn cho ngudi dan tren dao. Yin hang d Cii Lao Cham diing hang thii hai sau Khanh Hoa vl san lugng khai thac, hang nam thu dugc klioang 650kg [5],
4.3. Loi ich ve chu quyen va an nJnh quoc phong tren bicn.
4.3.1. Md rgng lanh tho quoc gia tren bien
Cd the coi lgi ich ton nhat tir gia tri TNVT cac dao ven bd NTB dem lai la lanh thd qudc gia tren biln dugc md rong nhd vj tri khdng gian cua eac dao Ly San, Ildn Ong Can, Hdn Ddi, Hdn Hai.
Trong tuyen bd cita Chinh phii nude CHXHCNVN ngay 12/11/1982 ve dudng co sd diing dl tinh chilu rong lanh hai, dudng gdm 11 diem ca sd tir Al den Al 1 thi cd tdi 4 diem dugc an dinh tai cac dao ven bd NTB. Do la Hdn Hai (Phu Qui) diem A6, Hdn Doi (trong cum dao Hdn Ldn ) A7, 1 Ion Ong Can ( Binh Dinh) A9 va Ly San A10. Nhd cd su md rdng nay ma trong vimg noi Ihuy va lanh hai NTB cd nhieu ngu trudng tiem nang tdn ve hai san. Ngoai ra viing dac quyen kinh te va them luc dja trong khu vuc bien NTB cung dugc md rgng ve phia bd dot dien vdi cae quoc gia la Philippin, Indoncxia. Day ed the coi la tai san vd gia eua nude ta.
4.3.2 Bao vc an ninh qudc phong, giu- virng chu quyen cho dat lien va viing bicn-dao.
Lgi ich ve bao ve an ninh qudc phdng la vo ciing quan tigng bdi vj tri, dicn tich, hinh the, su phan bo ciia cac dao va cum dao ven bd NTB. Co the thay tgi the nay thugc \e cac ddo Ly Son, Phii Qui, Cii Lao Cham, Cii Lao Xanh, Hdn Ldn, Hdn Tre. Chiing thugc loai "dac dja", chang nhirng cd gia trj cho md rpng viing ndi thOy ma cdn la ca sd vung ehac cho quan ly, bao ve chit quyen, giu virng an ninh chinh trj vitng bien va dai dat lien NTB.
- Dao Ly San trong qua khir da ddng vai trd quan trgng la nai xuat phat cita cac chien thuyen trong viec quan ly, tuan tra bao ve quin dao Hoang Sa va Trudng Sa. Ngay nay, vdi vi tri lien tieu viing bien phia Bac NTB, Ly San cd nghTa vu nang ne bao dam chii quyen qudc gia viing bien, va nhu mot tiin ddn, bao ve loan ven lanh thd dk tien ben irong. Ly Son phan bd khong xa dll liin, dien tich du Idn, ddi sdng kinh te trii phii. lai cd dao Be ben canh, rat thuan Igi cho xay dung eac can cir quan su lien hgp, hd trg lan nhau trong tac chien, bao dam kha nang bao ve viing bien-dao va dat lien.
Dja hinh Ly San cung rat thuan lgi cho sir dung vao qudc phdng, vdi khoang 1/4 dien tich dao la ddi.
phan bo d ca 2 phia Dong Bac va Tay Bac dao cho phep khdng che vimg bien rgng Idn quanh dao, va bao ve trgc tiep cac khu dan cu, khu kinh te va cac cdng trinh Ijch sir-van hda tren dao
- Phu Quy la dao cd dien tich tuang ddi ldn (16km'), n3m d vi tri xa bd tren 100km va dung lc loi ngoai vung biln khai cua NTB tren chieu dai gin 1000km (tu dao Ly Son den quan dao Cdn San). Dilu nay khiin dao Phii Qui trd thanh hdn dao chilm vj tri dgc tdn tren bien cue NTB cd vai trd quan trgng trong viec kilm soat eac tuyen dudng biln ngi dja va qudc te. Dia hinh Phii Qui cd dang cao nguyen, vdi cac dinh nhu mii CSm (108m), mii Cao Cat (86m) dphia bac va mii Ong Dun ('46m) d phia Nam la nhiing vj tri phdng thii dac dja tren dao, cho phep quan sat mdt viing bien rgng Idn xung quanh dao vdi tkm nhin hang chuc hai ly. Cgng vdi cay den bien xay dung tren mii Cam, dao Phii Qu' la dilm dugc tau be djnh vj khi qua lai tren viing bien rong tdn cue NTB
- Tuy nam gin bd, ehi each phd cd Hdi An khoang 20km ve ptiia Ddng Bac, each TP. Da Nang 30km vl phia Ddng Nam; dao Cii Lao Cham vdi vi tri ddc tdn tren biln nam giu vai trd trgng ylu dam bao an ninh qudc phdng vimg biln ven bd Da Nang - Quang Nam. Tir cac dinh cao tren dao nhu Hdn Biln (5I7m). Hdn 0ai (326m) cho phep kilm soat tau be qua lai tren vimg biln dai khoang 90km tit
D!A LY BIEN VA HA! DAO VIETNA'V- 93
Hpi Dia ly va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thira Thien Hui Hpi Dja ly Vigt Ni ban dao San Tra den vung Dung Quit va kiem soat tau be ra vao biln Cira Dai. Ngoai ra cdn cho ph bd tri eac vj tri phdng thu tren cae dao nhd nhu dinh cao 212m Hdn Tai (nSm phia Ddng Nam), dii cao I96m tren Hdn La (nam ve phia Tay Bac) tao nen mot thi tran phdng thu lien hoim va hd trgcl nhau giira cac dao. Cac bd dao ciia cum dao Cii Lao Cham chii ylu la vach ddc dung diing g§y Id khan cho xam nhap len dao.
- Cii Lao Xanh la dao tien lieu va giir vi tri dgc tdn tren bien, an ngCr viing bien dai khoar 250km tir Quang Ngai den Khanh Hoa. Dieu nay khien cho vai trd cua Cii Lao Xanh cang trd nt quan trgng vdi trach nhiem bao ve an ninh chii quyen lanh thd dat lien va viing bien ngi thuy cac tin phia bae NTB, nai cd chieu rpng viing ngi thuy khong Idn (khoang 12-15 km). Ciing vdi cay den bie dugc xay dung tren dao, Cii Lao Xanh con la diem dinh vi cho tau be qua Igi vung biln Qui Nhon v cap cang Qui Nhon, la diem ciru hg, ciiu n^n, trii an cho tau be danh ca qua lai vung bien nay moi kl cd bao. Lgi the ve miit quan su ciia Cii Lao Xanh dugc the hien rd net kht sti dyng cac dinh cao 120r d phia Dong va dinh cao t29m d phia Tay ciia dao xay dung thanh cae vgng gac tien tieu cd tam qua, sat khdng han che va khdng bj che khuat. Tai cac diem cao nay cdn cd mat bang rgng cho phep xa- dung san bay true thang da chien. Xung quanh dao chii yeu la cac vach doc diing, cd the bd Iri cai cong trinh phdng thu quan su tren dao de bao ve dao va dat lien khi cd cae cudc xam lan bang dirdni thuy.
- Mac dll nam gan bd, song dao Hdn Tre dugc coi nhu dao tien tieu va vgng gac ven bdcanl giu, bao V? an ninh chii quyen viing bien ndi thuy va vimg lanh hai ven bd tinh Khanh Hoa. Tai cat dinh cao Hdn Ldn (414m) nam d phia Ddng va dinh Hon Tre (482m) d phia Tay vdi tam nhin khom bi che khuat cho phep kiem soat loan bg tau be qudc te va tau danh ca qua lai vimg bien Khanh Hoa Dao Hdn Tre cdn ddng vai trd djnh vj cho lau be qua lai vimg bien Khanh Hoa va vao vinh Nha Trang, - Vdi lgi thi la dao ed dien tich kha ldn (41,73 km'), lai cd cae dilm cao 567m (dinh nui Ba Ldn), diem cao 394m (dinh Miii Cd) tam nhin khdng bi che khuSt, cd thi quan sat ca vung biln rpng ton ven bien cac tinh Binh Djnh, Phii Yen, Khanh Hoa da tao cho dao Hdn Ldn trd thanh vgng gac ven bd, canh gac giir virng an ninh chii quyen dit liin va viing lanh hai rgng Idn tren viing biln NTB niroc ta. Dong thai vira la tim binh phong chan sdng to, gid Idn cho vjnh Van Phong, bao ve cac khu kinh te, hai cang ben trong vjnh. Tren dao cd the xay dung san bay tr^rc thang, he thong ra da, ten liia, he thong phdng thii d phia bd ddng cua dao cho phep ngan ch|n tir xa cac cuge tap ki'eh, do bg bang dudng bien, dud^ig Ididng vao dat liin nude ta.
5. MOT VAI DE XUAT SU" DUNG HIEU QUA TAI NGUVEN VI THE CAC DAO VEN BO NAIW TRUNG BQ
5.L Xay dung dao Hon Lon thanh khu kinh te cura khau bien-dao khu vire Nam Trung Bg Can nghien ciru, dau tu xay dung cay cku Idn day vang vdi chilu dai tir 2-2,5km noi ban dao Hon Gdm (dat lien) vdi dao Hdn Ldn va xay dung ea sd ha ting, tuyIn dudng quanh dao Hdn Ldn.
Dieu nay cho phep dao Hdn Ldn gin ket dugc vdi cac true dgng luc va trung tam kinh t l ven bicn- F^a Nang, Quang Ngai, Qui Nhan, Tuy Hoa, Nha Trang cung nhu kit n6i vdi cac tinh Tay Nguyen.
eac nude ban Lao, Campuchia, Thai Lan thong qua cac cua khlu va tuyln dudng hanh lang Dong Tay.
QL.14B, QL14C,14E, QLI9, QL26. Xay dung cang nude sau DSm Mdn - Hdn Ldn trd thanh trung tam, dau moi giao ihdng dudng thiiy trong nude va qudc tl. Day se la cang biln ed cbiic nang ting hgp va trung chuyen hang hoa giiia cac tinh NTB vdi eac tinh ven biln khac trong ca nuoc va cac nude trong khu vuc, trudc het la vdi cac nude ASEAN. Hdn Ldn se trd thanh khu kinh t l cua khiu dao - bien a NTB vai cac nude Dong Nam A va Ddng Bac A. Khai thac quy d4t tren cum dao Hon
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ty Toan qudc ldn thu 6: Thdnh phd Hui, 9/2012
H^i Dja ly vil Tai nguyen Moi truo-ng Thiia Thien Hue Hoi Dia ly Vict Nam Ldn cho phat trien ca sd ha ting: kliu che xuit, kho hang, ben bai, san bay, eac ca sd du tich, dich vu, h^u can nghe ca.
5.2. Dau tu* manh mc ho'n nira cho 2 huyen dao Ly San va Phii Qui.
Mac dii da dugc quan tam trong nhieu nam qua ve dau tu nang cap xay dung he Ihdng cau cang, ducmg giao thdng tren dao, ke chdng xdi td bd bien, bao tdn tdn tao cac gia tri di tich lich sir - van hoa nhung van chua dii. Ly Son va Phii Qui trong tuang lai gan can dugc dau tu nhilu hon nira dl trd thanh trung tam trung chuyen nhan vii vat luc cho Hoang Sa, Trudng Sa, cho phat triin danh b4t hai san xa bd va dich vu nghe ca, djch vu giao thdng hang hai, ciru ho,... cho phat trien nong nghiep, lam nghiep, phat trien du Ijch va trd thanh mgt can cii virng ehac, tien ddn bao vc chii quyen viing bien NTB.
5.3. Nghicn cuu de an xay du-ng Cii Lao Cham trd* thanh mgt huyen dao
Vdi tiem nang va Igi the khong thua kem dao Hon Tre (Nha Trang), neu dugc dau tu manh me, irong tuong lai khong xa Cii lao Cham se trd thanh " Hdn Nggc Viet" thii hai cita Viet Nam thu hitt du khach gan xa. De lam dugc dieu nay, trudc het can nghicn ciru xay dung cum dao Cii Lao Cham trd thanh mgt huy?n dao (gidng nhu Phii Qui, Ly Son) de cd dieu kien phat huy manh me hon niia tiem nang the manh ciia minh.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Le Dii-c An, 2008. H^ thong ddo ven bd Viet Nam, tai nguyen vd phdt trien. NXB KHTN&CN, 199 tr, Ha Ngi.
2. Le Dire An, 2008. Tdt nguyen vi the he thong ddo ven bd Viet Nam. Tuyen tap BCKH, HNKHDCB loan quoc liin I " Dja ch4t biln Viet Nam va phat triin ben vung" tr.396-402, NXB KHTN&CN, Ha Ndi.
3. Le Diic An, Udng Dinh Khanh, Nguyen Nggc Thanh, 2009. Tdi nguyen vi the cdc ddo ven ba Nam BQ voi vdn di em ninh quoc phdng vd phdt trien kinh le - xa hgi. Tap chi KH&CN Bien sd 4/2009, tr.77-87, Ha Ndi.
4. Le Due An, Tran Dire Thanh, 2010: Ve vi tri dia ly vd vi thi thanh Thang Long. - TT HT KH QT
"Phdt triin ben vimg Thii do Hd Ngi van hen, anh hiing, vi hda binh", HN 7 - 9/10/2010, 969 - 980. - Nxb DHQGHN, Ha Ndi.
5. Nguyin Chu Hdi, 2005. Casa tai nguyen vd mdi tnrd^g biin. NXB DHQGHN, 305tr., Ha Ngi.
6. Udng Dinh Khanh, Le Diic An, Nguyen Nggc Thanh, 2008. Ddnh gid gid iri tdi nguyen vi the cdc ddo ven bd" Nam Trung Bg. Bao cao chuyen de Du an sd 14, 61 trang, luu tai Vien Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng Bien, Ha Ngi.
7. Le Diic To (chu nhiem), 2005. Luan chimg khoa hgc vi md hinh phdt trien kinh le - sinh thdi iren mgt sd ddo. cum ddo lira chgn thuoc viing bien ven ba Viel Nam. Bao cao tdng kit DT cip NN KC-09-12,23itr., HaNgi.
DIA LY BIEN VA HAI DAO VIET NAM
