In this Special Water Issue, the focus is on concepts and practical tools for water management and water governance in cities. In this Special Water Issue, the focus is on concepts and practical tools for water management and water governance in cities.
Contributed Papers
This body of work examines urban water management practices that deal with the consequences of climate change such as increased rainfall and flood risks. 12] assessed the cost of inaction regarding pluvial flood damage in Rotterdam and Leicester, concluding that investing in flood protection is an economically beneficial approach for cities.
Conclusions
Rainwater harvesting for drinking water production: a sustainable and cost-effective solution in the Netherlands? Water. Understanding the Cost of Inaction - An assessment of flood damage in two European cities. Water.
UNESCO’s Contribution to Face Global Water Challenges
- Introduction
- Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme: Origin and Strategy
- IHP’s Urban Water Management Programme (UWMP)
- Global Water Challenges
- UNESCO’s Contribution to Global Water Challenges
- Conclusion
The text below gives some examples of the kind of activities that are carried out. The colloquia on water at the Science Policy interface will play an important role in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.
Water Governance in Cities: Current Trends and Future Challenges
- Water and Cities: A Challenging Future Ahead
- Water Governance as a Means to an End
- Water Governance in Cities
- The “3Ps” Framework
- Ways Forward: Improving Water Governance in Cities
Source: OECD (2018), Implementing the OECD Principles on Water Governance: Indicator Framework and evolving practices, OECD Publishing. OECD. Implementing the OECD Principles on Water Management: Indicator Framework and Evolving Practice, OECD Studies on Water; OECD Publishing: Paris, France, 2018.
Assessing Urban Water Management Sustainability of a Megacity: Case Study of Seoul, South Korea
- Materials and Methods 1. Study Area
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusions
Application of the City Blueprint approach to assess the challenges of water management and governance in Quito (Ecuador) and its surroundings. The City Blueprint of Amsterdam: An Assessment of Integrated Water Management in the Capital of the Netherlands.Water Sci.
Evaluation of Water Governance Processes Required to Transition towards Water Sensitive Urban
Design—An Indicator Assessment Approach for the City of Cape Town
Materials and Methods
The CBF scores are presented in Figure 2, which provides an indication of the management of Cape Town's water cycle. Wastewater treatment processes are therefore also being used to promote the conservation of the city's limited drinking water supply.
Governing Non-Potable Water-Reuse to Alleviate Water Stress: The Case of Sabadell, Spain
- Methodology
- Case Study Description
- Results
- Awareness
- Useful Knowledge
- Continuous Learning
- Stakeholder Engagement Process
- Management Ambition
- Agents of Change
- Multi-Level Network Potential
- Financial Viability
- Implementing Capacity
- Discussion
- Conclusions
Consequently, many norms are rather outdated and limit the application of water reuse schemes [SR005-SR011-SR012]. To realize a widespread application of water reuse practices, it is necessary to develop recycled water quality criteria per use category, independent of the water's origin [31]. The level of public acceptance is a key factor in the implementation of water reuse schemes [15].
To overcome the various operational barriers identified in the implementation of water reuse practices, a coherent legislative framework is required that applies quality criteria to each category of use, regardless of the origin of the water.
Assessing Sustainability of Wastewater Management Systems in a Multi-Scalar, Transdisciplinary Manner
Therefore, it is crucial to define relevant scales of analysis and track analytical limits for the system. 32] postulates that "the boundaries of the [Water-Soil-Waste Nexus] systems must be (a) broad enough (to avoid micro-analyses of plot levels as in some cases of INRM [Integrated Natural Resource Management]), (b) clear (to avoid confusion as in the WEF [Water-Energy-Food] Nexus] Nexus to avoid geographic needs and as is the case with the basin discussions in IWRM [Integrated Water Resources Management]). Figure 3c shows the final version of the system model for the Panajachel site resulting from the participatory work at the workshop.
However, out of the data collected, only a fraction was useful, as can be seen in the last column of Tables 6 and 7. Although visibly more critical in the Mexican case, lack of training of the operational and management staff is a common problem that contributes to the situation. With the exception of the first author, alphabetical order was used for the remaining authorship order.
Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Centralized and Decentralized Water Reclamation with Resource
Water–Energy–Food Nexus
Case Study Area Leh Town, Ladakh, and Basis for GHG Emission
Leh city, located on the banks of the upper Indus River, is the capital of Ladakh district in the northernmost Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The used fuel is imported from outside, offsetting both the region's expenses and the resulting greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion. This study conducts a comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emissions derived from the operation of the water supply scheme and the potential scenarios of water reclamation with resource recovery strategies in the city of Leh, India, to identify potential pathways for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
The greenhouse gas emissions from the water supply system included in this study are those from the abstraction of the water, the treatment of the water and the distribution of drinking water.
Water Reclamation with Resource Recovery through a Centralized WWTP
Partial Management of the Wastewater from the Areas that can be Connected to the WWTP, Combined with Decentralized Water Reclamation with Resource Recovery
Partial Water Reclamation with Resource Recovery from the Areas that can be Connected to the WWTP, Combined with Household Level Treatment Solutions
- Results and Analysis 1. Water Supply Sector Emissions
After extraction and pumping of the water from the Indus Aquifer, it is transported to storage basins. The results in terms of GHG emissions of the two population estimation scenarios show a large discrepancy, as they depend on the inflowing wastewater to the installation and can strongly influence the results. The discussion will be based on the sludge production from the design population estimate (92,951 in winter and 120,836 in summer) to have a maximum value of the possible greenhouse gas emissions.
The estimated dry weight of sludge to be sent to the disposal site is 26,859 kg for sub-scenario 1.
Combined Decentralized and Centralized Scheme
Land application of the sludge can improve soil fertility and increase the crop yield of agricultural fields. The produced sludge can be used in Leh town to recover the fertility of the barren land located in the vicinity of the WWTP. The biogas produced can be sold to interested customers in the vicinity of the WWTP for daily use, for example to the residents of the military area.
One of the first differences is the electricity requirement for the second, which is estimated by [110] to be in the range of 0.2-0.7 kWh/m3.
Combined Household Level and Centralized Scheme
Because of this need for electrical energy, the vacuum sewer would emit 64 tons of CO2 eq, compared to zero greenhouse gas emissions from the operation of the gravity sewer. Figure 3 highlights the comparison of the greenhouse gas emissions per cubic meter of treated wastewater in scenario 1 (sub-scenario 1), scenario 2 (when collection is assured with gravity sewers and treatment with VSSF) and scenario 3. This study compared the carbon footprint of the operation of the current and future water supply system in Leh Town.
This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Technical University of Munich (TUM) within the framework of the Open Access Publishing Program.
Storm Water Management and Flood Control in Sponge City Construction of Beijing
The Connotation of Sponge City 1. Concept
Sponge city construction must handle the rainfall and floods in a return period for rainfall from small to large, including rainfall and floods that exceed the project's standard [8]. Urban construction of sponges has the function of preventing urban flooding and alleviating urban flood disasters, and also has the function of reducing precipitation and runoff pollution and improving water ecological environment. Sponge town building is a systematic project that involves water conservation, architecture, gardens, landscapes, municipalities and planning, etc.
Since the core issue of sponge city construction is urban rainwater management and flood prevention, this article will specifically introduce the current situation of rainwater management and flood control in Beijing.
Rainwater Management and Flood Control in Beijing 1. Progress of Rainwater Management Research and Practice
In addition to traditional drainage technology, rainwater management technology in Beijing is mainly incorporated in rainwater control and utilization. Rainwater control and utilization at residential level is organized into different blocks divided by city roads. Stormwater control and utilization at the regional level is in municipal stormwater conduits and river systems at all levels outside the city blocks.
The non-technical measures for flood control and disaster mitigation mainly include day-to-day management and emergency preparedness capacity.
The Vision of Sponge City Construction in Beijing
Study on Monitoring and Evaluation of the Effect of Sponge City Construction in Beijing] grant number [8161002];. Research and Demonstration on Key Technologies and Management Mechanism of Sponge City Construction in Beijing] grant number [2017ZX07103-002]. Sponge City Construction Technical Guide-Building a Rainwater System with Low Impact Development (Trial Implementation);.
In the proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Use of Water Resources in Beijing; Beijing Water Conservation Bureau; Water&Power Press: Beijing, China, 2007;.
Stormwater Reservoir Sizing in Respect of Uncertainty
Materials and Methods 1. Object of Study
The values of the outflow from the retention reservoir (Qout,max) and the determined accumulation capacitiesV(C)max were normalized by reference of the above variables to the impervious area of the catchment area (Fimp) and determination of the unit capacity index (Vq) and unit outflow (q). One of the factors that determines the capacity of the reservoir and the type of drains designed is the outflow from the catchment. A further increase in the unit value of the outflow from the reservoir (q) leads to a decrease in the time lapse between the duration of rainfall obtained in the deterministic and probabilistic solutions.
In the next step of analyses, on the basis of calculations performed with the SWMM program, curves were determined (Figure 8) showing the influence of the unit discharge from the reservoir (q) on the unit's maximum accumulation capacity (Vq) at preset values C for the calculated rainfall duration (trd).
Summary and Conclusions
This is important in the design of the reservoir, since the omission of the uncertainty leads to an overestimation of the discharge with the drain, which can lead to unfavorable phenomena (system overload) in the rainwater system located below the outlet from the reservoir. Water Framework Directive, European Union (WFD EU). Establishing a framework for Community action in water policy; European Parliament and Council Directive 2000/60/EC of 23 October 2000; EU: Brussels, Belgium, 2000. An analytical stochastic approach to evaluating the performance of combined sewer overflow tanks. Water resource.
Analiza rozkładu czasowo-częstotliwościowego na maksymalne intensywności burz na terenie miasta Wrocławia.
Conceptualization and Schematization of Mesoscale Sustainable Drainage Systems: A Full-Scale Study
Results and Discussion
The correlation between the rain intensity and the outflow of the pipe system indicates that pipe systems are flow oriented and should be designed in accordance with flow capacity. In contrast to the pipe system, the outflow of SuDS is observed as a function of the rainfall depth rather than rainfall intensity. For example, as seen in Figure 4(D), outflow from the Northern SuDS occurs in connection with the second peak observed around 8 h 45 min after the start of the event, while there is no outflow from the system at the first peak in the rain (around 30 min after the start of the event).
This means that the first part of the rainfall (60 min from the start, depth = 8 mm) is retained in the SuDS and to some extent fills the existing capacity, while the second peak, although lower (depth = 6 mm), exceeds the threshold and initiates an outflow from the Northern SuDS.
