MOT SO BIEU HIEN STRESS 6 VAN DONG VIEN
TRONG TAP LUYEN THE THAO
TS. Pham Thj Thanh Htrong Vien Khoa hgc The due The thao.
TOM T A T
) Bdi bdo de cap den mot khia canh cua ddi sdng lam ly con ngudi trong xd hoi CO nhieu bien ddng hien nay vd tuong doi mai a Viet Nam. Dd Id stress irong the thao.
Bdi viet ndy lap trung nghien ciru mot sd bieu hien ciia stress trong lap luyen the thao cua van ddng vien cir tg, vgl tu do, judo, the due dung cu. Stress a vdn dong vien bieu hien phd bien d cdc trang thdi phdn irng tam ly la: cdng thdng. met mdi, ndng gian. lo lang. vuive...
Tu" khoa: Stress d vdn ddng vien: Stress trong tdp luyen the thao. Cdng ihdng d van dong vien
Ngdy nhdn bdi. 6/11/2014; Ngdy duyel ddng bdi: 25/4/2017.
ABSTRACT
This article addresses an aspect of human psychological life in today's highly volatile and relatively new Vietnam It is stress in sports. The article focuses on some symptoms of stress in training that athletes in weight lifting, Judo, free-style wrestling and apparatus gymnastics may experience. The most popular stress symptoms observed in athletes are psychological respon.ses as tension, fatigue, anger, anxiety, joy, etc.
Keywords: Stress in athletes: Stress in sporis practice. Tension in athletes.
1. Dat van de
The thao la loai hinh lao dpng niing, luon doi hoi nhirng dap ung nang lire toi da va vugt trpi ciia con nguoi. Do do, stress trong the thao co the giup cho con ngucri tra nen kien cucmg, manh me, hoan thien cac pham chat nang luc va nang cao kha nang mien dich, thich irng ngay cang tot hon vai hoan canh. Dong thai cung co the giup con nguoi doi mat vai n h u n g giai han cua ban than de biet chap nhan hay no luc v u a n len. Vai tro va y nghTa cua stress trong doi song thuc tien chiing ta da Ihay ro. N h u n g nam g^n day, stress trong tha thao cung da d u a c ban luan nhiSu. V^n dh dat ra la: lir goc do Tam ly hoc.
sircss irong ihe Ihao bieu hien nhu ihc nao? Nhirng yCu l6 c a ban nao anh
TAPCHiTAMLyHOC, So 5 (218), 5 - 2 0 1 7
hudng den stress trong the thao? Can cd bien ph4p gi ed the giiip kiem soat stress trong thi thao? Cho den nay, nhimg bao eao khoa hgc ca ly luan va thuc tien ve vin di nay chua ed nhieu chuyen sau d Viet Nam. Tat ca thuc te dd dang trd nen bu:c thiet, thdi thue cac nha tam ly hpc nghien ciiru nhiing khia canh ciia stress trong the thao.
Stress d van dpng vi^n dugc bieu hien chu yeu d cae trang thai phan ling tam ly trong the thao rat da dang va phdc tap. Do dd, de danh gia bieu hien stress d van ddng vien trong the thao cd the dua tren ca sd cda cac trang thai phan irng tam ly d van ddng vien. Cae trang thai phan urng tam ly phd biin trong thi thao d van ddng vien la:
- Cang thing: la biiu hien stress phan anh cae mu:e dap irng nang lugng va nang lire tit binh thudng din tdi da, tham chi tdi kiet siic di giai quyit cae nhiem vu va nhirng yeu td anh hudng tit khach quan va chii quan cua chii the.
- Met mdi: la bieu hien stress phan anh tam ly chu quan vi sir giam siit tam thdi nhirng dap irng nang lire thi thao trade nhirng yiu td anh hudng chii quan va khach quan.
- Ndng gian: la bieu hien stress phan anh tam trang khdng hai Idng va thai dp, hanh vi khdng tich cue ddi vdi cac yiu td anh hucmg.
- Trang thai lo au: la bieu hien stress phan anh tam trang chii quan do khdng kiem soat dugc ban than, hoan canh.
- Vui ve: la bieu hien stress phan anh tam trang tich cue, lac quan, phan anh su thda man cua chii thi ddi vdi cac yiu td anh hudng.
Bai viet nay trinh bay mot sd biiu hien stress d van ddng vien trong tap luyen the thao.
2. Phuang phap nghien cu-u
2.1. Phuang phap trdc nghiem (test): Nghien eiiu da su dung trie nghiem cua Soly-Bensabal. Muc dich ciia trie nghiem di do mirc dd Wiu hien stress.
Trac nghi?m bao gdm 30 cau tuong irng vdi 30 biiu hien trang thai phan irng lam ly. Mdi cau duac danh gia theo thang 4 mirc do: Rit thudng xuyen, thudng xuyen, thinh thoang, khdng xuat hien. Cac miic do nay phan anh tin suit biiu hien eua mo. trang thai phan iing lam ly, Trang thai phan ung tam ly xult hien cang rat thuong xuyen, cang chirng td mirc io biiu hien stress cang cao,,,
Thang diem danh gia biiu hien stress ciia Soly-Bensabal:
- Mirc 30 diem: cd bieu hien stress:
- Mire 31 - 60 diim: stress cao;
- Muc 61 - 90 diim: stress rit cao.
44 TAP CHi TAM L-f HOC, Sd' 5 (218), 5 - 2017
2.2. Phucmg phap quan sat: Quan sat hien trang v6 nhung sac thai bieu hien ctia stress tren van dong vien ngay sau khi van dpng vien thuc hien bai tap gang sire toi da trong tap luyen th^ thao. Ddi tupfng quan sat: nh&ng bieu hien stress (sac thai khuon mat; m6 hoi; dpng tac hanh vi...) tren van dpng vien mon cu ta; vat tir do; judo; the due dung cu trong tap luyen the thao.
- Miic dp h\h\x hien stress qua "s^c thai khuon mat" dupe danh gia nhu sau: Hai img do: stress nhe; Do: stress cao; Do gay, tai, mk s5c: stress rat cao.
- Miic dp bieu hien stress qua "mo hoi": Mo hoi it: stress nhe; Nhieu, dac biet o tren that lung: stress cao; Rat nhi6u, dac biet a mat va dudi that lung:
stress rat cao.
- Muc dp biiu hien stress qua "dpng tac": Dong tac binh thucrng: stress nhe; Dpng tac khong chinh xac, lao dao: stress cao; Dpng tac lao dao, roi loan phoi hpfp: stress rat cao.
2.3. Phuffng phap khdo sdt bdng bdng hoi: Bang hoi dupfc thiet ke de do cac trang thai: phan chan, vui ve; cang thang; met moi; hoi hop trong luyen tap the thao ciia cac van dpng vien.
* Bdng hdi trgng thdi cang thdng gom 19 chi tieu; tuong ung vai moi chi tieu la cac miic dp danh gia: khong co bieu hien {1 diem), 1 - 2 lan/thang {2 diem);
1 - 2 lan/luan (3 diem), < 1 lan/ngay (4 diem). Thang danh gia chung trang thai cang thang dupe danh gia tren ca sa diem trung binh cong cua 19 chi tieu tren va phan chia theo 3 mu'c: Mirc 1 - cang thang: tir 1 9 - 3 8 diem; Mirc 2 - ral cang thang: tir 38 - 57 diem; Miic 3 - cang thang qua mure: lir 57 - 76 diem.
* Bdng hoi trgng thdi met mdi gom 25 chi tieu; luong ii'ng vai rnoi chi tieu la cac mirc dp ral thuong xuyen (4 diem), thuong xuyen {3 diem), Ihinh thoang (2 diem) va khong (I diem). Thang danh gia chung trang thai met moi duoc dua tren CO sa diem irung binh cong ciia 25 chi tieu va phan chia iheo 3 mirc: Miic 1 - met moi: tir 25 - 50 diem; Mirc 2 - ral mel moi: lir 50 - 75 diem; Mirc 3 - met moi qua mirc: tir 75-100 diem.
* Bdng hoi trgng thdi nong gian gom 8 chi tieu, tuong ung vol moi chi lieu la cac mii'c dp- nhieu khong nha (20 diem); 3 - 5 lan/ngay {15 diem); 1 - 2 lan/ngay {10 diem), khong {5 diem); Thang danh gia chung trang thai nong gian dupe dua Iren co so diem trung binh cong cua 8 chi lieu va phan chia theo 3 mirc: Miic 1 - nong gian: lir 40 - 80 diem; Miic 2 - ral nong gian: lir 80 - 120 diem. Muc 3 - nong gian qua miic: lir 120 - 160 diem.
* Bdng hoi trang thai lo lang gom 16 chi lieu, luong ung voi moi chi tieu la cac mirc dp tuang iing: rat thuong xuyen (4 diem): thuang xuyen (3 diem), thinh thoang (2 diem); khong (1 di^m). Thang danh gia chung Irang thai lo l^ng duac dua tren ca so diem Irung binh cong ciia 16 chi lieu va phan chia theo 3
TAPCHI'TAMLVHOC, S6 5(2I8), 5-2017 45
miic: Miic 1 - lo ling: tir 16 - 32 diim; Mirc 2 - rit lo ling: tir 32 - 48 diim; Mirc 3 - lo ling qua miic: tir 48 - 64 diem.
* Bdng hdi trgng thdi vui ve gdm 8 chi tieu, tuong ling vdi mdi chi tiSu la cac mirc do: khdng cd biiu Men (10 diim); 1 - 2 lin/ngay (15 diim); 3 - 5 lin/ngay (20 diim); nhiiu khdng nhd (25 diim); Thang dSnh gia chung trang thai vui ve dugc dua trSn ca sd diem trung binh cdng cua 8 chi tieu va phan chia theo 3 miic dp: Mirc 1 - cd phin chin vui ve: tit 40 - 80 diim; Miic 2 - rit vui ve: tir 81 - 120 diim; Mirc 3 - vui ve qua miic: tit 121 - 160 diem.
3. Ket qua nghien cihi
3.1. Biiu hien chung ve stress d v&n dpng vien qua khdo sdt bang trie nghiem stress cua Soly-Bensabal
Bdng 1: Bieu hien chung ve stress a van ddng vien trong tdp luyen the thgo qua trdc nghiem stress ciia Soly-Bensabal
Van dong vien VJt nr do
COrts
Judo
Th^ due dung cu
Trung binb chung
Gidi tinh Ntt Nam
N i l Nam
Ntt Nam
Ntt Nam
Nir Nam
Co* mau (n = 56)
6 6 8 6 8 11 4 7 26 30
Bilm stress 66,82 65,55 67,88 65,62 67,79 68,35 68,82 67,38 67,82 66,72
Bo lech cbuan
5,31 1,16 11,32 3,81 5,57 5,75 6,48 6,39 7,17 4,27
Biem trung binh
66,18
66,75
68,07
68,10
67,27
Banb gia
Stress a miic dp rat
cao
Tdng quan chung kit qua d bang 1 eho thiy, diim trung binh stress cua nu la 67,82, eua nam la 66,72 diem va diim trung binh chung eua van ddng vien d 4 mdn the thao la 67,27 diim. Day la sd diim njm trong thang danh gia la stress rdi cao. Dp lech chuin trung binh la 5,72. Diiu nay chirng td dp phan tan khdng Idn, bieu hi^n va mirc dp stress giOa cac van ddng vien cd su khac biet khdng dang ki.
_ Dp lech chuan khdtig chi cho phep xac dinh dp phan tan cua mirc dp bieu hien stress qua diim sd stress gitta eac khach thi, ma cdn phan anh tinh in
46 TAP CHITAM ly HOC, S 6 ' 5 (218), 5 - 2017
djnh ciia miic do stress. Do l&h chuin cang nhd (cang tiem can true hoanh) thi tinh dn dinh cua mite dp stress giUa cac van ddng vien cang Idn. Dp lech chuan cang Idn (cang tren xa triic hoanh), tinh dn dinh cua mite dp stress giOa eac van dpng vien cang thip. Miie dp phan tan Idn nhat thudc ve cac van ddng vien mdn cu ta (nO: 11,32 va nam: 3,81), sau dd den cac van ddng vien mdn vat tu do (nu: 5,31 va nam: 1,16). Trung binh giiia nam va nil cd dp phan tan khac bidt kha ro (nO: 7,17 va nam: 4,27). IVlirc dp phan tan d nO va nam van ddng vien mdn judo la nhu nhau (5,57). O nir va nam van ddng vien mdn the due dung cu cd su phan tan khac biet khdng dang ke (nO: 6,48 va nam: 6,39).
Tren day la ket qua nghien ciru thuc trang chung ve van de stress d van ddng vien dang cap cao cac mdn vat tu do, cir ta, judo, thi due dung eu bang phucmg phap danh gia stress cua Soly-Bensabal. Ket qua nay da xac dinh thuc trang van ddng vien dang stress rat cao. Dieu nay se tao nen hieu irng stress trong the thao. Vi vay, neu khdng cd nhirng bien phap giup van ddng vien kiem soat stress, van ddng vien se rat khd dat hieu qua tdt hon trong cac giai doan huan luyen va thi dau tiep theo.
3.2. Bieu hien stress trong tap tuyen the thao qua quan sdt Bdng 2: Bieu hien stress a van ddng vien qua quan sdt
Bieu hien
Sac mat
Mo hoi
Nhip tii6 Dong
lac
Chu y
Cliiii guic
Bieu hien va miic do stress o v a n dong vien trong trang thai gang sire toi da Stress nhe
Dau hieu nhan biet Hoi irng
do
it
Biiih tluiong
irmh t h u o n g
Binli thu'ong Khong to 1 a c(S phan
I'rng, thai do
Phan tram
(%)
38,57
18,57
0.00
9,89
1,75
32.87
Stress e a o Dau hieu nhan biet
Do Nhieu, dac
biet 6' tren tliat lung Nhanh d;ing
Khong chinh xac, liio dao T h u c hien yeu
cau khong chinh xac Khong cam nhan ve cam
giac
ill
2 i , 5 5
28,16
10.68
32.72
47,93
58,35
Stress rat cao Dau hieu nhan biet Do gay, tai, mat
sac...
Rat nhieu, dac biet 6 mat va dudi that
lung Rat nhanh, hon hen
Lao dao, roi loan phoi hgp Thirc hien yeu cau (nhiem vu) khong chinh xac va cham K h o n g the tap trung. run, tho hon
hen, chong mat, buon non v v..
Phan tram {%) 39,88
53,27
89,32
57,39
50,32
8.78
TAP CHI TAM li HOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2017
Trong thuc ti, stress khdng chi dugc chu the cam nhan rfl, ma stress cdn cd the quan sat mgt each khach quan. Nhihig biiu hi6n stress tren van dong vien Irong tap luyen thi thao cd thi quan sat qua nSm biSu hien chinh; s5c mjt, mo hdi, nhip thd, ddng tac, chu y, ctai giac. Mdi biiu hien cd cac dau hi?u nhan biSt va mirc dg tuong ung. Hiu hit van d^ng vien (89,32%) trong tr?ng thai gSng siic tdi da diu cd diu hi?u thd nhanh va thd hdn hin d miic stress rat cao. Ltrgng mo hdi ik nhiiu d toan than, dac biet la a mat va dudi that lung cung chiem tjilf cac (53,27%) v4 ct mirc stress rat cao. Khi ydu ciu thuc hien dpng tac (cam day chi vto mOt diim) ngay sau van dgng vien ging siic tdi da, kit qua cho thSy, thvtc hi^n ddng tac bhih thudng (mii:c stress nhe), chiim 9,89%; th\rc hien dpng tac khong ciiinh xac (mure stress cao), chiim 32,72%; thuc hi?n ddng tac khong chinh xac, lao dao (mirc stress rit cao), chiim 57,39%. Tiip theo la chii -j \k cam giac. Thdng thudng, trong trang th4i ging siic tdi da hojc ngay sau tran|
thai ging siic tii da, hau hit vSn dOng vien khdng chu y, khdng to thai dS yh the hi|n cim giac vdi bit ky diiu gi, m4 chi thd vk di lai nhe nhing de nhanh trd ve trang th4i hdi ph\ic. Khi ykxx ciu chii -j (biic tranh phong canh) thi hiu hit v|n dong vien Id di va khdng quan tam. Nhimg khoing 10 phiit sau hdi phuc, hiu h^
nhiing vgn ddng vifin dugc yen cau, hp trd lai ngim nhin buc tranh.
3.3. Biiu hi$n stress qua trgng thai cang thing & vgn dpng vien Bang 3: Bieu hifn chung ciia trgng thdi cdng thdng & van dgng vien
Mdn thi tbao
V|t «f do C i t ? Judo The dye dyng
cy Diem trung
binb
Gid^ tinb Ntt Nam
Ntt Nam Ntt Nam Ntt Nam
Ntt Nam
Man (n = 5«)
6 6 8 6 8 11 4 7 26 30
Diem 57,75 52,37 54,22 51,16 57,13 58,27 56,63 57,42 56,43 54,80
III
55,06 52,69 57,70
57,02
S5,6I
9 $ Uch cbuan
3,21 2,23 8,12 3,18 3,67 3,28 422 4,83 4,80 3,38
Danh gii
Van dpng vien trong trang thai ritcSng thang
Bang 3 la kit qua nghien ciiu miic dd biiu hien cSng thing tren van ddng vien cac mdn v4t tir do, cu ta, judo va thi due dvmg cu cho thiy: Sd diim
48 TAP C H I T A M LV H O C , S6 5 ( 2 1 8 ) , 5 - 2017
trung binh chung cua cac van dpng vien la 55,61. Theo phucmg phap danh gia cua nghien cuu nay, day la so diem phan anh cang thang co bieu hien a muc:
rat cdng thdng. Diim trung binh ciia van dong vien mdn vat tu do la 55,06 diem;
van d6ng vi6n mon cur ta la 52,69 diem; van dpng vien mon judo la 57,70 diem;
van dpng vien mon thi due dung cu la 57,02 diem. Diem trung binh cua niJ la 56,43 diem va nam co diem trung binh la 54,80 diem, phdn dnh muc do bieu hien rat cdng thdng. Dac biet d nam van dpng vien mon judo va the due dung cu CO muc dp bieu hien cang thang cao hoTi so voi nu nhung sir khac biet nay khong Ion. Miic dp bieu hien cang thang ciia nu van dpng vien mon vat tu do cao hon cac nu van dpng vien cac mon cu ta, judo, the due dung cu.
3.4. Biiu hien chung cua met moi & van ddng vien qua khao sdt bang bang hoi
Bang 4: Bieu hien chung ve met moi d van dgng vien
Mon the tbao Vai til do
C i t a Judo The due dung
cu Biem trung
binh
GiM tinh Ntt Nam Nu Nam
Ntt Nam Nu Nam
Mau (n = 56)
6 6 8 6 8 II 4 7 Ntt Nam
Diem 67,75 62,73 64,82 61,86 67,73 68,87 66,67 67,82 66,74 65,32
Diem trung binh 65,24 63,34 68,3
67,24
66,03
Ddnb gia
Van dong vien trong trang thai rat
met moi
Tir kel qua nghien ciru cr bang 4, ta thay, diem trung binh chung ctia met moi o van dpng vien la 66,03 diem. Diem trung binh chung ciia nu la 66,74 diem va diem Irung binh chung ciia nam la 65,32 diem. Theo phircmg phap danh gia ciia chiing loi, diem so met moi cua van dpng vien nam Irong giai han ciia mirc: rat met mdi. Cu the, diem mel moi trung binh chung ciia nii la 66,74 diem va nam la 65,32 diem. Day la diem so phan anh miic dp bieu hien rat met moi. Diein so cua nu Idn hon so v(ji diem so cua nam van dpng vien, chirng to, d nu mirc dp bieu hien met moi han so vdi nam, mac dii sir khac biel khong dang ke.
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2017 49
Mdc do phan tan ciia diim sd giita cac van ddng vien a mdn thi due dung eu la Idn nhit (4,12); tiip sau dd la van ddng vien mdn judo (3,37). Do phan tan miic do met mdi d van dong vien mdn cu ta (3,50) va mdn vat tu do (2,82) thip hon so vdi mdn thi due dung cu va mdn judo. Do phan tan cdn phan anh tinh on dinh cua mu:c do biiu hien met mdi d van ddng vien.
3.5. Biiu hien stress qua Irang thdi nong gian & van ddng vien Bang S: Biiu hien stress qua trgng thdi ndng gian a vdn ddng vien
Van dong vien Vat tu do
Cirta Judo Tlie due dung
eu
Diem trung binh
Gioi tinb Ntt Nam Nu Nam
Nu Nam
Nu Nam
Mau (n = 56)
6 6 8 6 8 II 4 7 Na Nam Mcix Mm Trung hinh
Mirc do bieu hien nong gian Diem
75,68 77,35 72,77 73.25 78,62 81,27 73,55 75,66 75,15 76,88 SI.27 72,77
Diem trung binh 76,51 73.01 79,94 74.60 76,01 79.94 73.01 '6,1)1
Do lech chuan 12,55 15,36 17,22 13,51 15,66 1 1,78 15,22 17,33 15,16 14,49 17,33 12.55 I4.H2
Bang 5 la ket qua nghien ciru bieu hien va mirc do ciia Irang thai ndng gian d van dong vien. Diem trung binh chung ciia trang thai ndng gian d nO van dgng vien la 75,15 diem va cua nam la 76,88 diim. Diim trung binh chung ciia trang thai ndng gian d van ddng vien la 76,01 diim. Day la sd diim nim d thang danh gia chua d mirc rat ndng giiin va ndng gian qua mirc.
I rong dd. na van ddng vien cir ta cd so diem ndng gian thip hon so vdi van dong vien d cae mdn vat tu do. judo, thi due dung cu va nam van ddng vien cir la cd sd diem ndng gian thap hon so vdi cac van dgng vien khac. Diiu dd co nghIa la mirc do bieu hien nong gian d nO van ddng vien mdn eir ta va o nam
\m dong \icn mon cir ta la thap hon so vdi cac mdn Ihi thao khac. Nam van
50 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2017
ddng vien judo cd sd diim ndng gian cao nhit (81,27 diim), day la sij diem cham din muc rdt ndng gian. Nam van dong vien mdn judo ciing cd sd diem ndng gian cao hon so vdi cac van ddng vien khac nhung chi trong gidi han ciia thang danh gia la cd biiu hien ndng gian, chua ndng gian qua mu:c.
Trung binh chung thi vSn ddng vien mdn judo cd bieu Men va mirc do cao hon so vdi cac mdn Idiac. Van dgng vien mdn cu ta cd bieu hien va miic do ndng gian thip hon so vdi cae van ddng vien mdn khac. Bieu hien vii mu:c do ndng gian giira cac van ddng vien cQng khdng cd su khac biet Idn. Mdc do bieu hien ndng gian nhin chung trong gidi ban, chua a mirc ndng gian qud mite
3.6. Bieu hien stress qua trgng thdi lo lang & van dpng vitn Bdng 6: Bieu hien stress qua trang thdi lo du d van ddng vien
Van dong vien
Vat lir do
Cirta
Judo The due dung
cu Diem trung
binh
Gioi tinh
Nu Nam
Ntt Nam Ntt Nam NO Nam
Man (n = 56)
6 6 8 6 8 11 4 7 NO Nam Max Mm Trung birrh
Mirc do bieu bien lo lang Diem trung
binh 47,25 42,33 44,52 41,66 47,83 48,37 46,57 47,72 46.54 45,02 48,37 41.66
Diem trung binb chung 44,79
43,09
48,10
45,78
45,78 48,10 43.09 45.78
Do lech chuan
13,51 12,53 13,32 13,48 13,27 13,38 14,16 14.23 13.56 13,04 14,23 12,53 13,48 Bang 6 la kel qua nghien ciru bieu hien va mirc do cua trang thai lo ling d van dgng vien. Diem trung binh chung ciia trang thai lo ling d van dgng vien la 45,78. Diem trung binh ciia nir la 46,54 va cua nam la 45,02 diim. Day la sd diim irong thang danh gia la van ddng vien cd bieu hien lo idng.
TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2017 51
Nhin chung, d van ddng vien cd biiu hien va miic do trang thai lo lang cao hon cac mdn cii ta, vat tu do va thi due dung cu. Van dgng vien mdn cu t?
ed biiu hien va muc do lo ling thip hon so vdi cic mdn v&t tu do, judo, the due dung cu. Tuy nhien, biiu hien va miic dp lo ling gitta cac v?n ddng vien cQng ichdng ed sir khac biet Idn. Mite do biiu hien lo ling nhin chung trong gidi han chua a mice rdt lo Idng va lo Idng qud miic.
3.7. Biiu hien stress qua trgng thdi vui ve & van dpng vien Bang 7: Biiu hien stress qua trgng thdi vui ve a van dgng vien
Van dong vien
VSt tir do Cttta Judo The due dgng
cu
Diem Irung binh
Giori tinb
Ntt Nam Ntt Nam Ntt Nam
NO Nam
Mau (n = 56)
6 6 8 6 8 11 4 7 Ntt Nam Max Min Trung binh
Mirc do bieu hien vui ve Diem
trung binh 78,22 76,53 78,67 73,25 77,32 75,63 78,53 77,62 78,18 75,75 78.67 73.25
Diem trung binb
chung 77,37 75,96 76,47 78,07 76,97 7«,07 75.96 76.97
Do lecb chuan
12,35 11,57 15,53 13,66 17,33 19,52 11,63 18,47 14,21 15,80 19.52 11,57 15,00
Bang 7 la ket qua nghien ciru bieu hien va mirc do phan chan, vui ve d van ddng vien. Day la stress tich eye, la ngudn nang lugng tinh thin rit can thiet trong eudc sdng ndi chung, trong tap luyen thi thao ndi rieng. Niu trong tap luyen the thao, van ddng vien cd niem dam me va phan chin, vui ve, se giup phat huy tdi uu cac nang lire d van ddng vien. Van ddng vien ed biiu hien va rnirc do phin chin, vui ve vdi sd diim trung binh chung la 76,97 diim. Day la sd diim trong thang danh gia la phdn chdn, vui ve.
Van ddng vien giua eac mdn thi thao cd biiu hien va mirc do phin chin.
52 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2017
vui ve khong co sir khac biet Ion. Van dpng vien nam va nit 6 mon cii ta co bieu hien miic dp ph§n chin, vui ve khac biet hon so vdi van dpng vien nam va nG Of cac mon th^ thao khac nhung sir khac biet ciing khong Idti.
Ket luan
Stress a van dpng vien trong tap luyen the thao la mpt cau true thanh phan khong tach rai trong cau triic Ihl thao chung. Mot so biiu hien stress trong the thao duoc van dpng vi6n xac nhan pho bien la cdng thdng, met moi, lo du, nong gian, phdn chdn, vui ve... deu 6 miic dp rdt cao nhung chua qud miic va doc hai. Cac trang thai phan iing t^m ly da phan anh kha ro net nhirng sac thai bieu hien cua stress trong the thao. Day la nhirng thanh phan don vj cau thanh nen stress trong the thao. Bieu hien stress a van dpng vien phan anh mpt trong nhiing hien trang tat yeu khach quan trong the thao.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Nguyen Thanh Khai, Stress trong qudn ly, Luan an Tien sT Tam ly hpc, Tnrang Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi, 2000.
2. M. Ferreri, Stress tu benh hoc tam thdn den cdch liep can trong dieu Iri, Nguyen Viet dich va bien scan, Ha Npi, 1997.
3. Rudich, Tam ly hgc, NXB Thg due ThS thao, Ha Noi, 1980.
4. Mac Van Trang, Su cdng thdng cua sinh vien trong hgc tap. ddi sdng vd gidi phdp cdi ihien linh hinh, Ky yeu Hoi thao khoa hpc ve nhu'ng roi loan co lien quan den stress a tre em, 6 - 7/11/1997 tai Ha Noi, 1997.
5. Dong Van Trieu, Ly ludn the due the thao vd phuang phdp gido due the chdt - Bai giang cho sinh vien Truong Dai hoc The due The thao Bae Ninh, 2006.
6. Nguyen The Truyen, Sau nguyen tdc chuyen biet hudn luyen the thao - Bai giang Huan luyen vien chinh. Vien Khoa hpc The (due The thao, Ha Npi, 2007.
7. V6 Khanh Vinh. Nguyen Huu Minh, Vu Manh l-ai, Dang Nguyen Anh, Phan Thi Mai Hucmg, Vu Thi Thanh Hucmg, Bai giang chuyen de. Thiel ke nghien cim khoa hoc xd hoi Ly ludn vd ihuc tien. Hoe Vien Khoa hpc Xa hoi Vict Nam, 2011.
8. Pham Ngpe Vien. Gido irinh Tam ly hoc the due the thao, NXB Th^ due Ihk thao.
Ha Npi, 2006.
9. Pham Ngoc Vien, Lam Quang Thanh, Nguyen Anh Minh, Pham Thi Thanh Huong, Tdm ly van ddng vien the ihao, NXB The due T h i ihao, Ha Noi, 2014.
10. Pham Ngpc Vien, Mai Van Muon, Truong An My, Du bdo mo hinh trinh do hudn luyen lam ly van dgng vien mot .sd mon the thao, D£ tai c§p Vien, Ha Noi, 1990.
11. Pham Ngoc Viln, Pham Thi Thanh Huang, Stress Irong hoai ddng the thao, NXB Tha due Tb£ Ihao, Ha Npi, 2011
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So 5 (218), 5 - 2017
