Van de hom nay
Thifc tien va giai pliap trien idiai
tdi ccfa trOc Tap dodn Ddu W Vi«t Nam
Is] TS. Nguyin Xuan Thang*
Van kien Dai hoi Dang toan quoc lan M XI co new That trien kinh te nhanh^ ben vCtng gan vdi doi mdi mo hinh tang tnrdng va ca cau lai nen kitih te theo hudng nang cao chat luang, hieu qua, sure canh tranh. Bao 6am phOc lai xa hoi va an sinh xa hoi, nang cao dai song vat chat va tinh than cOa nhan dan. Tao nen tang de den nam 2020 nudc ta ca ban trd thanh nudc cong nghiep theo hudng hien dai".
Detiep tuc thuc hien va hoan thien mo hinh cac tap doan va Tdy Nha nudc vira qua ThO tudng Chinh phd da phe duyet viec" Tai ca cau doanh nghiep Nha nudc, trong tam la tap doan kinh te, tong cong ty Nha nudc giai doan 2011 -2015"
ThifC tiln trien khai tai cau true Tdp doan Diu khf Viet Nam da sip xdp lai Cdng ty Me va cac dan vi thanh vidn theo hudng tdp trung ngudn luc va cic linh vuc kinh doanh chfnh, nhdm ndng cao hidu qua hoat ddng, nang luc canh tranh, giam ty Id nim giii tai mdt sd dan vi hoat ddng trong ITnh vuc dich vii. Cdng tic cd phin hoa (CPH), chuyen ddi doanh nghidp (DN) ciia tdp doan da tuan thu cac chii truang quy dinh tai cic van ban phap luat, trien khai theo tid'n dd va mang lai hieu qua thiet thuc.
Qy Me da chuydn ddi thanh Cty TNHH MTV do Nha nudc lam chii sd hOu (CSH), hoat ddng theo Ludt DN tir ngay 01/07/2010. Da CPH thanh cdng han 20 tdng Qy, Cty, trong dd cd nhidu DN quy md ldn, dac biet la chuyen ddi md hinh hoat ddng ciia Lidn doanh Ddu khf Vidt-Nga Vietsovpetro dd tidp tuc phat trien manh me va hidu qua hon nira. Kdt qua qui trinh tii co cd'u giai doan diu da dem lai kdt qua, thu ve sd chdnh Idch so vdi gia gdc khoan diu tu ldn va duac chuyen vao Quy hd tra
sap xdp DN, gdp phdn tang vdn CSH. Tdp doan da di diu trong vide cd phin hda va niem yd't cd phieu cic DN thanh vidn trdn thi trudng chimg khoan (TTCK). Kd tir khi DN ddu tidn thudc PVN duac cd phin hda de'n nay, hiu hdt cac don vi thanh vidn da duoc cd phin hda thanh cdng, thu vd'n ve cho Nha nudc gdn 25.000 ty. Cic DN duac CPH hoat ddng hidu qua va thu htit su quan tdm ciia nhieu nha diu tu trong va ngoai nudc.
Theo thdng kd hien nay, cd 32 DN thudc PVN niem yd't va dang ky giao dich tren TTCK, cic DN nay chi chiem 3,8% ve so luang, nhung chiem tdi 14,3% gii tri vdn hda ciia toan bd TTCK. Vide ra ddi Bo Chi sd "PVN-INDEX" duac tfnh toan trdn 2 phuong phap la Chi sd gii (price index) va chi sd Icfi nhuin (total return index) phuc vu cho cic nha diu tu khic nhau va theo loai tien khac nhau tao didu kien nha diu tu nudc ngoai xac dinh chfnh xic duac lai nhudn.
Vd hoat ddng san xuit kinh doanh (S5CKD), so vdi giai doan 2001-2005, tdng doanh thu cua
Tap doan trong giai doan 2006 de'n nay tang nhieu lin, trong dd doanh thu tir hoat dpng dich vu diu khf chiem ty trong 27%; nop ngan sich Nha nudc (NSNN) tang nhanh: nam 2011 ndp hon 160 ngan nghin ty ddng. Trii luang diu khf duac gia tang hien nay ldn rriiic gin 400 tridu tin quy diu tit mite 260 tridu tin trong giai doan trudc.
Vdn CSH Cty Me den nay dat tren 250 nghin ty ddng, gip 3 ldn so vdi nam 2006. Ddn diu nam 2012 tdng tai sin Qy me dat hon 295 ngan ty ddng, tang hon 3 lin so vdi nam 2006. Hd sd na tren Vdn CSH Cty Me duac dam bao an toan, neu nam 2006 la 23% thi nam 2011 la 18%. Xet vd hidu qua SXKD cua Cty Me, ty suit loi nhudn tren vd'n CSH (ROE) ciia Tip doan trong giai doan 2006-2011 binh quan dat cao hon miic ROE trung binh ciia khu vuc kinh te Nha nudc. Kha nang sinh ldi ciia tai san (ROA) trung binh dat 14%. Song song vdi vide md rdng vd quy md sd luang lao ddng. Su gia tdng trong chit luang lao ddng ciing duac khing dinh thdng qua con sd tang trudng ve nang suit lao ddng binh qudn qua hai giai doan. Neu nhu trong giai doan 2001-2005, nang suit lao ddng binh quin d miic 5,1 ty ddng/ngudi/nam thi den giai doan 2006-2010, con sd nay da len ddn 8,4 ty ddng/ngudi/nam.
Tren ITnh vyc diu tu, trong giai doan 2006-2011, Tdp doan da thuc hidn diu tu cd gii tri tren 400
* HDTV - Tap doan Dau khi Viet Nam
i^/i c/U .'Jxe tofin V ,J{iem tiidn Ht'Ifiana 8/20J2
Van de hom nay
nghin ty ddng, tang 115% so vdi giai doan 5 nam trudc dd. Hieu qua diu tu cao duac the hidn thdng qua hd sd sinh ldi tir ddng vdn diu tu (ICOR) binh qudn trong ca giai doan d mire 1,33, thip hon nhidu so vdi miic trung binh ciia ca nudc.
Muc tieu va giai phap cua PVN trong chien lirac phat trien
Vdi muc tidu xdy dung PVN nang ddng, cd nang luc canh tranh d trong nudc va qudc te, dat hieu qua kinh doanh cao, bang cich diy manh hoat ddng va tdp trung diu tu vao cic hoat ddng kinh doanh cdt ldi ciia nganh la tham dd, khai thic, loc hda diu, san xuit didn, dam tir khf va dich vu ky thudt diu khf, gia tang gii tri tai nguydn diu khf trong nudc, gia tang ngudn tai nguydn diu khf tir nudc ngoai, tang cudng xa hdi hda de thu hilt ngudn diu tu khic ...
Tren co sd dd giii viing vi tri diu tau, vai trd tru cdt, ehu dao ciia ndn kinh te dit nudc, cdng cu dieu tiet kinh te vT md cd hieu qua ciia Nha nudc, tfch cue tham gia bao ve chii quyen qudc gia, bao dam an ninh nang luang, an ninh luong thuc, bao vd mdi trudng, phit tridn bdn vttng, di diu trong cdng tic an sinh xa hdi; xdy dung Tdp doan Diu khf qud'c gia Vidt Nam la mdt hinh mdu DNNN td't nhit, bidu tuong ciia mot Viet Nam nang ddng tren con dudng hdi nhdp kinh te qud'c td. (5). Vdi muc tieu tren, nhiem vu ke hoach chi tidu chii yeu phai dat 5 nam la: Dat tang trudng binh qudn 18-20% nam, tdng doanh thu hon 3.000 ty ddng, nop NSNN 650 ngan ty ddng, ty suit Icri nhudn/
vd'n didu Id U^dn 20%/ nam, gia tang trii luang quy ddu 35-45 trieu tdh/nam, tdng san luang: khai thic diu khf 142 tridu tin, didn 108 ty Kwh, SX san phim loc ddu 45 trieu tin, hda diu 1,8 trieu tin, phin bdn 8 tridu tin, nhidn lidu sinh hpc 1 tridu tin, doanh thu djch vu diu khf trong ty trong san phi'm diu khf chiem trdn 35%, nang suit lao dong trung binh dat
13,5 ty ddng/ngudi/nam.
Trong qui trinh trien khai diu tu phat tridn ciia Tdp doan, khdu cdt loi la tridn khai tfch eye cic dy in tham dd va khai thic diu khf nhdm keo theo sy tang tdc phat trien cdng nghidp Khf, che bien Ddu khf, Cdng nghiep Dien khf- than, dich vu ky thudt diu khf chit lupng cao. Viec diu tu phit tridn Dich vy ky thudt Diu khf trong dd cd ca vide ty lyc ddng gian khoan, tau khoan, tau dich vy va cic hoat ddng hd trp nhu Bao hidm cac cdng trinh chuyen nganh, cic hoat ddng tai chfnh... ciing la mdt ydu ciu biic bich ma Dang va Nha nudc da giao cho nganh Diu khf.
De muc tidu thanh hidn thuc, cdng tie tii co cd'u ciia PVN dupc thuc hidn theo nguyen tic hoan thidn md hinh tdp doan kinh te dupc thf didm trudc day, tap trung ngudn lyc vao ITnh vyc SXKD chfnh, thu gpn ddu mdi quan ly, giam thieu canh tranh ndi bd, giam chi phf trung gian va nang cao hieu qua hoat ddng. Tir nguyen tic nay, se tap trung ngudn luc cho linh vyc cdt loi, nang tdm siic manh de thyc hidn thanh cdng Chie'n luoc phat trien nganh ddu khf Viet Nam, trudc mat la ke hoach 5 nam 2011- 2015 da dupc Thii tudng Chi'nh phii phe duyet. Theo dd, cic DN cip II ciia tap doan (cic Tdng Qy va Qy thanh vien) phai dam nhan toan bd hoac mdt phin hoat dpng SXKD chi'nh ciia tap doan theo 5 linh vuc da dupe xac dinh, vdi sd vdn duoc tap doan giao phai bao toap va phit trien vdn hang nam, kinli doanh phai cd hidu qua. Cac Cty chiu (DN cip III) dinh hudng vao viec SXKD tirng linh vuc phii hop vdi chudi nganh, nghd kinh doanh cua Cty me.
Ddi vdi Cty Me-Tdp doan Chfnh phii se phe duydt hoan thidn Dieu Id td chitc va hoat ddng, Quy che Tai chfnh,... Xdy dung va hoan chinh phuong thiic quan tri phii hop theo md hinh Cty Me, Qy Con; trdn ca sd tai ca ciu tdp doan
(DN cip I) se ddng thdi va tid'n hanh vide sip xdp, ddi mdi ddi vdi don vi thanh vidn (DN cip II) thi tiiy quy md va ddc diem ridng se duoc phan loai, xdp loai dinh hudng ndm giu ty Id vdn, phdn bd tdi uu ngudn lyc dd dn diiih va phit tridn ben viing. Tidp tuc xdy dyng va ban hanh hd thdng cac chi tidu, tidu chf dinh gii hieu qua quan ly, quan tri hang nam ddi vdi DN va ngudi dai didn ciia tdp doan tai cic DN trong vide thyc thi trich nhiem, quydn han va nghla vy tai don vi, dac biet la ciia ngudi dttng diu.
Cac giai phap
Nhdm hoan thidn md hinh ciia Tdp doan va cic don vi thanh vidn trong giai doan tdi can thyc hien cic giai phip sau:
Sip xep va ddi mdi co ciu td chiic theo md hinh Cty me - con dupc Chfnh phii phd duyet, ciing cic giai phap nhu ddu tu tai chinh, phat trien thi trudng, dot phi v6 khoa hpc cdng nghd va dao tao, an toan va bao vd mdi trudng trong dd cic giai phap dot phi vd con ngudi, vd khoa hpc cdng nghd va quan ly ciia bd may lanh dao va ngudi lao ddng trong nganh mang tfnh chit quyet dinh, sy hd trp ciia cac CO quan ban nganh trung uong la quan trpng.
Giai phip trudc mit, (1) Td chitc Tdp doan Diu khf Viet Nam theo hudng Cty Me true tidp hoat ddng SXKD trong mdt sd linh vyc chii chdt nhu khai thac va chd bidn diu khf... (2) Tii sdp xdp cic don vi thanh vien, Qy con. (3) Thdng nhit quan ly cdng tac tim kiem tham dd, khai thac diu khf, loc hda diu dac biet la hd thdng kinh doanh xang diu, san xuit va kinh doanh dam va hda chit diu khf, cic hoat ddng dich vu diu khi, nhdm giam thidu canh tranh ndi bp, ning cao nang lyc canh tranh, ha gia thanh san phim, thu hut cic ngudn lyc, kinh nghiem quan ly tir cac thanh phin kinh td trong va ngoai nudc, dac biet la cic nha diu tu chien lupc nudc ngoai. Tip
^Ja/i r/ii,'J{e'todn V ,'Jiifni todn (n't t/idnn 8/20J2
Van de hom nay
trung vao cac ITnh vyc chfnh la tim kidm, tham dd va khai thic diu khf, cdng nghidp khf, Ipc hda diu, cdng nghidp didn, dich vu ky thudt diu khf cao cip (nhu ddng gian khoan, dich vy khoan, dich vy ky thuit bidn, bao hiem chuyen nganh...) trong dd, linh vyc thdm dd va khai thac ddu khf la cdt ldi.
(4) Tidp thu phuong thirc quan tri, cdng khai minh bach trong hoat ddng ciia DN, cdng bd bio cio thudng nidn, BCTC tren cac phuong tidn thdng tin dai chiing;
giam ty le nim giii phin vd'n ciia Tdp doan tai mdt sd DN nhu Nghi quye't TW 3 va chi dao cua Chfnh phii. Dua co phieu cua mdt sd DN ra niem yd't tai nudc ngoai nhdm ndng cao vi thdva thuang hidu cua Tdp doan tren trudng qudc te.
Manh dan xir ly cac dan vi va ngudi dai didn tai cac don vi lam an thua Id de tip trung ngudn luc cho phit tridn SXKD chung.
Giai phap thudng xuyen va lau dai: TliA Nlid't, cdng tic td chiic va quan ly, trong dd tidp tuc khdng ngitng hoan thien md hinh hoat ddng, md hinh quan tri. TliA iiai, CO ciu lai diu tu, hoan thidn cdng tic quan tri tai chfnh DN, xiy dyng Id trinh ddn 2015 thoai vd'n khdi ITnh vyc SXKD chfnh bang cich bin, khoin, cho thud, sip nhap, giai the. TfiCt ba, nang cao ndng lyc, hidu lyc va quan tri DN, dp dung va vdn dung phuong phap, md hinh quan tri tien tidn tren thd gidi. Quy hoach, lua chpn va bd nhiem ngudi dai dien phin vd'n, Kidm soit vidn, Ke toan trudng theo tidu chf, tidu chuin phii hpp, kip thdi thay the, luin chuydn cin bd cho timg thdi ky. Bd tri va sir dung, dai ngp phii hpp vdi kha ndng, nang lyc va trinh dd de can bd khoa hpc ky thuit. Danh gii nghidm tiic hidu qua cdng tac quan ly, dieu hanh hang nam de xep loai va phin loai phii hop. Xdy dung va cd chien lupc dao tao timg cip dp lanh dao va ngudi lao ddng trong DN. Thudng xuydn ra soit va xdy
dung cac dinh miic kinh te-ky thudt trong SXKD, coi trpng cac yeu td thi trudng, thuang hidu, co cd'u san phim, co cd'u vd'n cua Cty Me va cac don vi thanh vidn. Tint tu, hoan thidn co che phdn cip, phdn quydn trong cdng tic quan tri va dieu hanh DN, xic dinh rd chitc ndng, trach nhidm ciia cac cip lanh dao, xdy dyng md hinh vi trf md ta cdng viec ciia ngudi lao ddng. ^i thyc hidn myc tidu va giai phap trdn cin trien khai cic vin de sau:
- Phai xic dinh va phin nhdm ddu tu, diu tu theo linh vyc, theo nganh va phdn ra theo thdi ky.
Vide tai ciu true phai quan tdm ddu tien la tii cd'u triic diu tu, can cii vao tfnh chit hoat ddng SXKD, nhdm hoat ddng theo nganh SXKD hay nhdm dich vu, nhdm cin thiet de diu tu lam diu tiu phat trien, nhdm diu tu mang lai lpi nhudn trudc mat va lpi fch lau dai. Ddu tu phat trien cic dy in, diy nhanh tid'n dp cic dy an trpng diem, cd hidu qua, da thu xdp duoc vdn hoac cd phuong in thu xep vd'n kha thi. Tdp trung thdc diy cic hoat ddng tim kiem, tham dd va khai thic cac dy in trong va ngoai nudc. Dua nhanh cic cdng trinh vao khai thic dap ling ydu ciu tang trudng ciing nhu thu hdi nhanh vd'n diu tu.
Tranh thii sy hd trp ciia Chi'nh phii, cic Bp chitc nang trong viec xdy dyng, siia ddi, bd sung co chd quan ly diu tu, Quy che td chiic, hoat ddng,^uy che tai chi'nh cua tdp doan. Hoan thien hoa cac don vi thdng qua vide tang hoac giam vdn Nha nudc tai cic don vi khdng cin giii hoac giir chi phdi.
Kien nghi de siia ddi va bd sung Luat Diu khf, theo dd hoat ddng Diu khf khdng chi nim trong pham vi tim kiem thdm dd va khai thic ddu khi ma cdn bao gdm ca khiu trung ngudn va ha ngudn.
- Thudng xuydn dinh gia, kiem tra, giam sit cac hoat dpng diu tu, hidu qua ciia dy in, danh gia vai
trd, trich nhiem ngudi dai dien ciia tdp doan tai cac don vi trong timg giai doan can ctt vao vide phdn cip, phin quyen, uy quyen.
Thudng xuyen phdn tfch cic chi sd tai chi'nh cua cac don vi, Cty Con.
Hoan thidn vide tii ciu true thdng qua cd phin va CPH cae don vi nhdm giam vd'n Nha nudc tai cac don vi khdng phai la hoat ddng cdt ldi hoac khdng cin giu: chi phdi.
- Xdy dung cic tieu chf ve diu tu vd'n ciia tdp doan trong cic ITnh vyc, trong timg nganh va linh vyc, didu chinh siia ddi Nghi quye't
133/NQ-DKVN cua tdp doan phii hop vdi Nghi quyet TW 3.
Tdp doan va cic don vi thanh vidn trien khai xdy dung phuong in tii ciu triic cac don vi tryc thupc (cip III) thdng qua viec hoan thien tii cd'u triic dan vi trinh tap doan phd duydt. Dang uy tap doan va cic co sd dang cin quan triet va trien khai Nghi quyet 'rW3 khoi XI.
Nganh Diu khf vdi co sd ha ting hien dai, dupc sy quan tdm ciia Dang va Nha nudc, vdi quyet tdm cao ciia lanh dao va ngudi lao ddng nganh Ddu khf nhit dinh se thyc hien thanh cdng nhiem vu chie'n lupe ma Dang va nhdn ddn giao phd.D
rdi lieu tham khao 1. Van liien Dqi hoi Ddng loan quoc ldn thit XI.
2. Quyet dinh so929/QD - TTg ngay 17/7/2012 cua Thu ludng Chinh phu ve Phe duyet de dn Tdi ca cdu DNNN, trong tdm la Tap doan kinh te, Tong Cry Nha nuac giai doqn 2011-2015.
3. Tqp chi Ddu tu chiing lihodn, Bg KHDT sd ngay 30-7-2012.
4. Bdng xep hqng cac DN tan nhdt Viet Nam.
5. Nganh ndng luang Viet Nam Thanh ticu sau 25 ndm ddi mdi,
6. Phung Dinh Thifc, Nhdn ddn dien tii 25/7, Muc Kinh te,
7. Ludt Ddu khi, Ludt DN, Ludt Ddu tu.
^n/i r/ii -'Ae tot V todn .u'i't/idnn S/20J2
