KHOA HOC C 6 N 0 N G H E
D A I V H G I A TilXIH D A HIIVH Dl TRUY^IX] C A Y CHE SHAH CO THU VLJ[\IG IVIIEIXl IVUI PHIA o A c V l f X I\IAIV1
Nguyen Thi Hdng Lam', NguySn Vin Toin' T6MTAT
Chd Shan (Camellia sinensis vzr. Shan) IA mot bidn chung chd dang dupe phd bidn d midn nui phia BSc Vidt Nam, ti-ong dd chd Shan dupe trdng bing hat dudi tin cSy rimg cd tudi hang Iriim nSm (con goi la chd cd thy) la ngudn gien cty Irdng bin dja quy d nudc ta. Dd bao tdn, khai thdc vi phit tridn cd bidu qua che Shan cd thy phyc vy san xuit chd, Irudc hdt cho cdng tiic chpn lao gidng did mdi thi ngoai danh gia cac dac didm hinh tiiAi ciia cnc gidng cin sir dyng thdm ky tiiuat pbin ti'ch da hinh ADN dd danh gia su da dang vd di tmydn cic ddng chd Shan c6 lliy. Vdi 20 mdi nghu nhidn da sir dung trong phSn tich RADP-PCR cho 39 mkn che Shan cd thu Vidt Nam da thu dupe 16 mdi cho tinh da hinh rd rdt nh^t; kdt qua phdn tich cho thSy hd sd tirong ddng di truyt^n ciia cdc mSu gidng 14 kbi cao, dao ddng tir 0,61- 0,94 vi chia ra thanh 9 nhdm chinh. Kdt qua cdn chi ra rang cdc mSu Kidng c6 xuk xii dja ly cing xa nhau thi d nhdm khdc nhau va ngupc lai.
Tir khda: Da dang di truydn. d^c didm hinh thdi, ch^ Shan co Uig (Camellia .-incnsis var Shan). iniSn nui phia Biic Vi$t Xvn
LDAT V A N K
Chd Shan (Camellia sinensis var. sban) li mdt trong bidn chiing chd dang phd bidn tai vimg midn mii phia Bic Vidt Nam. O viing cao phia Bic nudc ta, ciy che Shan cd thu dupe trong bing hat rat da dang hinh thii, e6 kha nang sinh truong, phit tridn tdt, chat luong cao, dem lai ngudn thu nhip quan Irpng, gdp phan xda ddi giam ngheo va dan tien tdi lam giiu cho dong bao cic din tdc.
Trong didu kidn tu nhidn, cay chd cd die didm Ihu phan cheo (chidm toi 95%), do do cay con ed die diem phan ly manh v i cho kidu hmh da dang va khac cay me. Didu niy c6 y nghia rat Ion, tao ra quan the ddi sau co linh da dang di truydn cao, nguon vat hdu khdi dau phong phii phuc vu eho cdng tic chpn tao gidng che mdi.
Trong cong tic chpn lao gidng hidn nay, phuong phip chi thj phin tir dang dupe sir dung rdng rai nhim nhanh chong phan lip ra cac nhdm vat li&i gidng cd dac linh di truydn khac nhau, phuc vu cho lai hiru tinh v i chpn lpc c i thd, nit ngin duoc thoi gian chpn tao gidng mdi, die bidt ddi voi ciy che von i i ciy liu nam thi y nghia nay cing Ion.
Dd bao tdn va khai thic ngudn gien ciy che Shan ban dia c6 hidu qua, ngoii danh gii cic dac didm hinh thai ciia c i c gidng che, dd tai con tien hanh nghidn cuu " Tinh da hinh di truyen cay che
Shan cdtbv vung midn nui phia Bdc VietNam"
Cic mau gidng che Shan cd thy a viing cao mien niii phia Bic dupe thu thip dd dinh gia dac diem hinh thai v i tinh da hinh cd danh saeh a bing 1.
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
QimsL 1- Danh s^ch c ^ mSu ch^ v^
Tdn mau PK4 PK6 PK7 PK8 PK9 PKIO PK12 PK15 PK20 PK21 YBl YB5 HG3
Dia di^m thu thap PangKang Pang Kang PangKang PangKang Pang Kang Pang Kang Pang King Pang Kang Pang Kang PangKang Yen Bai Y«n Bai Ha Giang
STT 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
vimg thu th^p mSu siJr dung tjong nghidn cuu Tdn mlu
HG4 TU32 TU17 TU16 BMl BM2 BM3 BM4 BM8 BM14 BM16 GAU GB13
Dia didm thu thap Ha Giang Than Uvdn Than Uydn Than Uydn Ban Mai Ban Moi Ban Moi Ban Moi Ban Moi Ban Moi Ban Moi Giang A Giang A
STT 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3fi 37 38 39
Tdn mau LSI LS32 TO4 TD5 MC2 PK22 TC4 GBI GB4 GB6 GBIO G B l l GB12
Dia diem thu thap Lang Son Lang Son Tam Duong Tam Duong Moc Chau PangKang Tua Chiia Giang B Giang B Giang B Giang B _ Giang B Giang B
Vi^n Khoa hpc KTNLN mien niii phia Bac
NONG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 1 - THANG 7/2012
KHOA HOC CdNG N G H |
+ V i m g c h e S h a n Sudi G i i n g : 2 8 m a u (PK4, PK6, K7, PK8, P K 9 , PKIO, P K 1 2 , P K 1 5 , PK20, P K 2 1 , B l , YB5, B M l , M B 2 , B M 3 , B M 4 , B M 8 , B M H , M16, G A l l , G B 1 3 , P K 2 2 , G B I , G B 4 , G B 6 , GBIO, B 1 1 , G B 1 2 ) .
+ Viing c h e S h a n H i G i a n g : 2 m i u ( H G 3 , H G 4 ) . + Viing c h e S h a n Lai C h i u : 5 m i u CrU32, T U 4 , 0 1 6 , 1 1 ) 4 , T D 5).
+ Viing c h e S h a n L a n g S o n : 2 m i u ( L S I . LS32).
+ Viing c h e S h a n D i e n B i e n : 1 m i u (TC4).
+ Viing c h e S h a n S o n La; 1 m i u ( M C 2 ) . R. PHUONG PHAP WHEN CUU
D a n h g i a d a c d i e m h i n h t h i i c a c m a u g i d n g c h e h a n viing m i d n niii p h i a B i c I h e o p h u o n g p h i p h a o n g h i d m D U S (2006) c h o c a y c h e ciia C u e Ydng trpt, Bd N d n g n g h i d p & P T N T .
D i n h g i i tinh d a h i n h c i c m a u g i d n g c h e S h a n t i n g k y t h u i t p h a n tich PCR- R A P D , t r o n g d o :
P h u o n g p h a p t i c h c h i d t A D N d u a I h e o p h u o n g i h i p t i c h c h i e t A D N td b i o t h u c v a t b i n g CTAB c u a j p p v i c d n g s u (1999) cd c i i tien;
P h u o n g p h i p PCR- R A P D sir d u n g c i c m d i t h u d c i h d m m d i O P A , O P C , B I O ;
C i c p h a n i i n g P C R d u p e tidn h a n h o t h d tich 15 d, b a o g o m l u p n g m i u A D N l i 5 n g , e n z y m t a g lolymeraza 1 U , 100 p m d N T P , 2,5 m M MgCl^, 10 n M T r i s H C l , 50 m M KCl ( d u n g d i c h P C R d e m ) . r i c p h i n i m g d u p e t h u c h i d n b i n g m i y PCR- r h e r m a l Cycle Eppendoff. K d t q u a P C R d u p e k i e m r a t r e n g e l a g a r o z a 1,29&.
+ P h i n tich sd Ueu
C a e sd lieu d u p e x u Iy t h e o p h u o n g p h i p I h d n g [d s i n h h o c Iren p h a n m e m M i c r o s o f t Office Excel
!003. C i c sd h e u n i y d u o c x u ly I h e o c h u o n g t r i n h Numerical T a x o n o m y a n d M u l t i v a r i a t e Analysis system c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m v e s i o n 2.01 (NTSYS- x:2.01) (F.J Rohlf., 2000) d d x a c d i n h h e sd t u o n g t d n g di t r u y d n v i x a y d u n g c a y p h a n loai.
••KET QUA VA THAQ LUAN
1. Die didm hinh thdi ciia ciy chd Shan cd thy Trong qua trinh didu tra, dinh gia chpn lpc eay lau ddng hay vat lidu khoi dau thi c i c chi tieu dinh
gia hinh thai ciia ciy che c6 y nghia quan trpng, nd phan inh die didm vd kidu hinh ciia gidng, kha nang sinh trudng, nang suit, chat lupng gidng. Ket qua theo dOi mpt sd dSc diem hinh thai cua cac miu gidng che Shan cd thu tai cac vimg che mien niii phia Bic dupe trmh biy o bang 2.
Dan h^u d' bang 2 cho thiy: cic mau giong co didn tich li ldn, bd m^t li gd ghd, miu sic li xanh vang ho^ic xanh dim, miu gidng c6 didn tich la ldn dd li GB13, TC4, PK4, PK7 dat tir 88,20-103,50 cm^
vi miu gidng cd didn tich li nhd la TU32 chi dat 32,28 cm^. Dac didm bup cua cic mau gidng cd miic dp ldng tuydt tir trung bmh ddn rat nhieu, miu sic blip chd cd miu xanh ving, xanh hoac xanh non, nhirng miu gidng cd rat nhidu tuydt, dd li: PK8, PK15, HG4, YB5, GB12. Die didm hoa che cd y nghia rat quan trpng trong phin loai che, qui trinh tien hda ttr dii hoa cd long ddn dii hoa khdng cd ldng; nhimg ciy che dii hoa cd ldng, dd Ii: HG3, HG4,11)4, TD5. TC4. Do se sau vdi nhuy phan anh miic dp khdi thiiy ciia ciy che lirxe rit sau ddn nong, viing che Shan Sudi Giing - Ydn Bii xuat hi^n mdt sd cay che eo thu cd dp xe vol nhuy siu, do Ii: BM3, BM16, GBI, GB6, PK4 xe sau tir 0,88-1,74 cm. Diy cd thd l i ngudn gien che Shan quy can tiep tuc dupe bao tdn va phit trien o nude la.
2. Kdt q u i phin tich mdi quan h§ di truydn giua cic gidng chd
Trong cdng tie chon lao gidng, ngudn vit lieu khoi dau cd y nghta vd cimg quan trpng, ngoii vide dinh gii cac dac didm thinh thii ciia cic ddng che can kdt hpp sii dung ky thugt sinh hpc phin tii dd dinh gia su da dang vd di truydn cic ddng che Shan cd Ihu de co co sdf khoa hpc chinh xic hon. Vdi 20 mdi RAPD thudc cic nhdm mdi OPC, OPN, OPO dupe sir dung dd phin tich thu dupe 16 mdi cho da dang di truydn, 3 mdi hoic khdng da dang hoic khdng thu dupe cac bing. Tdng sd cic phin doan ADN nhin ban ngau nhidn trong eie mdi dupe trinh bay a bang 3.
Tdng sd bang ADN thu dupe sau khi chay PCR RAPD vdi 16 mdi da hinh la 2629 bang vdi kich thuoc bing 16n nhit khoang 3.000 bp va bang nhd nhat la 250 bp. Ket qua didn di sin pham PCR voi mdi 0PN6.
^ONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 7/2012 45
KHOA HOC CONG HOU*.
Rinir 9. MAI sd A^r di^m binh thii chii vdu cua cic ciy chd Shan cd Ihu vimg midn mii phia Bic C h i ( i c u
T e n m a u g i o n g
P K 4 P K 6 P K 7 P K 8 P K 9 P K I O P K 1 2 P K 1 5 P K 2 0 P K 2 1 V B l Y B 5 n c i i i ( : 4 T l 32 T 1 4 T r i 6
B M l B M 2 B M . l B M 4 B M S B M 1 4 B M 1 6 G A l l G B 1 3 L S I i LS32
T D 4 T D S M C 2 P K 2 2 T C 4 G B I G B 4 G B 6 G B I O G B I I G B I 2
D i i c d i c m lii D i ^ n
t i c h lli ( c m "
98.00 79.62 8K.20 75,60 81.90 7S.54 7 l . ( . l 90.6.S 59 .SH 60.90 56.07 60,.M 49.70 61.42 32.28 55.75 70.03 86.97 78.40 55.51 62.K3 65.50 44.10 69..30 74.86 10.^.50 48.72 67.20 54.88 60,81 71,88 41,16 98,00 79,62 88.20 75,60 81,90 78,54 71.61
P h i e n 1^
<io )!,]ie G o cUc
( J o i - h o (;c.j;l.c N h i i n (Jo nhe H o i go g h ^
G o ghe II(ri go glit^
H o i go ght^
G o ^ h c ( i o g h e L o i l o m K ; i l go g h e Htri go ghe L o i l o m H o i go ghe
< ; o g h e G o ghe G o ghe H o i go ghe H o i go ghe G o ghe G o g h e H o i go g h e
(Jo ghe G o ghe G o ghe H o i go ghe H o i (JO Bhc H o i go ghe G o g h ^ G o ghe Hoi gd ghd
G o ghe G d ghe
M a u s i c [&
X a n h v f i n g X a n h v i i n g b o n g
X a n h b o n g X a n h v A n g X a n h v A n g X a n h v A n g X a n h v i i n g b o n g
X a n h b o n g X a n h s a n g X a n h v i i n g X a n h v d n g X a n h v i i n g b 6 n g
X a n h b 6 n g X a n h v d n g X a n h v ^ n g X a n h v ^ n g X a n h v i i n g b o n g
X a n h b o n g X a n h v i n g X a n h v a n g X a n h v a n g X a n h b o n g X a n h b o n g X a n h v a n g X a n h v a n g X a n h v a n g X a n h v a n g b o n g
X a n h b o n g X a n h v a n g X a n h v a n g X a n h v i n g X a n h v i n g b o n g
X a n h d § m X a n h v i n g X a n h X a n h d ^ m
D $ c d i e m b u p Mii'C d $ l o n g l u y e t
N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u Kat n h i e u
N h i i u Nhieu Nhieu K a l nhieu
Nhieu N l i i e u Nhieu RAtnhtdu Nhieu R^l n h i d u C 6 i l T u y ^ i N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u C 6 l u y e l C 6 I u v e t 0 6 t u v e t N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u N h i e u Rut n h i e u
N h i e u
M i u sSc bup X a n h nun X i i i i h vang X a n h v u n g X i i n l i vUng X a n h sdng X a n h n o n X a n h Sling X a n h v f i n g X a n h X a n h X a n h v a n g
X a n h X a n h v a n g X a n h p h 6 l t i n i
X a n h non X a n h X a n h non X a n h non X a n h v a n g X a n h v a n g X a n h v i n g X a n h v a n g X a n h v a n g X a n h v a n g X a n h v a n g X a n h non X a n h v a n g X u n h v a n g X a n h X a n h v a n g
X a n h X a n h v a n g
X a n h X a n h v a n g
X a n h n u n X a n h v i n g X u n h v a n g X a n h v i n g X a n h sdng
D $ c d i c m h o a L o n g d i i
h o a K h o n g CO K h o n g CO K h o n g CO K h o n g Cl K h d n g c 6 K h o n g CO K h o n g CO K h d n g CO K h o n g CO K h o n g c(.
k h o n g C O K l x i n g c(
C o liing
< o long K h o n g CO K h o n g c<i K h o n g c<
K h o n g L, K h o n g CO K h o n g Ci K h o n g Cl K h o n g ct K h o n g c(
K h o n g Cl K h o n g c<
K h o n g c K h o n g c K h o n g c C o l o n g C 6 l o n g K h u n g CO K h o n g CO C o l o n g K h o n g CO K h o n g CO K h o n g CO K h o n g cu K h o n g CO K h o n g CO
Se sau v6i nhvy
(cm) 0.88 0.48 0.76 0.66 0.58 0.45 0,28 0.19 0.28 0,28 0.37 0.52 0.50 0.56 0.35 0.47 0.45 0.73 0.40 1.74 0,52 0.38 0.38 1.47
M i u sic c i n h hoi T r a n s xanh T r i i n g xanh I rang xunh 1 rang nga I r a n i ; T r i n g xunh
T r i n g nga Triing T r i n g diic T r i i n g xanff T r i n g xanh T r i n g xanh T r i n g ngi T r i n g T r i n g xanh
T r i n g ngi T r i n g T r i n g due T r a n g Xiinh T r a n g xanh Trang xanh T r i n g nga Trang Trang xanh 0,20 Trang nga 0.5.1 Trang 0..10
(1,45
Trangduc | T r J n g xanh 0,40 Trang xanh 0 .*5 Trang xanh 0.42 T r i n g nga 0.78
0.50 1.12 0..13 0.93 0.52
Trang T r i n g x a n h
T r i n g nga Trang xanh T r i n g xanh T r J n g xanh 0.44 ' T r i n g nga _^
0.35 1 Tring J
46
Hinh 1. Kit qu4 PCR- RADP m6i 0PN6 Hinh 2. Kit qui PCR- RADP m6i 0PN18
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 7/201!
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHt
I T 1 1 i 4 5
&
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 33 34 3S 36 37 38 39
Mau PK4 FKB PKV PK8 PK9 PKIO PK12 PK15 PK20 PK21 YBl YB5 HG3 HG4 TU32 TU4 TU16 BMl BM2 BM3 BM4 BMS BM14 BM16 GAll GB13 LSI LS32 TB4 TB5 MC2 PK22 TC4 OBI GB4 GB6 GBIO GBll GB12 Tong
UPN 7 4 3 b 4 4 4 5 6 5 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 143
UPN 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 76
Bang 3. T6ng s6 c i c bang DNA dirpc nhan bin ngSu nhiin fif cAc m6i OPN
12 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 5 4 5 4 4 5 3 3 4 5 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 141
OPN 16 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 162
OPN 18 5 5 4 3 5 5 6 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 5 2 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 5 5 6 4 2 6 6 6 197
OPN 19 5 6 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 7 4 5 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 3 3 4 3 4 5 182
OPN 20
1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 0 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 56
OPN 6 2 2
2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 846
OPO 7 3 3 3 4 4 6 3 4 3 4 4 4 6 3 2 4 6 6 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 6 4 4 4 5 4 4 165
OPO 8 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 2 4 2 3 3 4 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 3 4 127
OPO 12
3 2 3 2 4 2 2 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2
67 OPO
20 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 119
OPO 5 2 2 0 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 5 4 3 4 3 5 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 2 3 122
OPO 9
2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
59 OPO
11 3 3 4 2 3 3 4 3 2 2 2 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 97
OPO 13
2 2 2 1 2 1 2 7 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 70
Tong 44 43 44 41 48 4S 52 46 41 46 43 46 52 52 50 46 63 58 51 44 51 50 44 53 50 52 48 47 51 51 48 44 47 43 44 42 41 39 46 2629 Tir so lieu thu dupe va phan tich bang chuong
rinh NTSYS 2.10 he so tuong dong di truyen cua cac nau giong che Shan dupe trinh bay a bang 4 cho h^y: str tuong dong di truyen cac mau giong che ihan la kha cao, miic do tuong dong di truydn dao long trong khoang 0,61- 0,94, trong do 02 mau co h6 6 tuong dong cao nheit la mSu giong PK4 va PK6 lupc thu thap a cung ban, chiing gan gui nhau nhat k vi tri dia ly, cap mSu co h6 s6 tuong dong thap ih^t la PK6 va BM4 va cap mhx TU17 va BMl, trong
do c^p mau TU17 va BMl co xuat xu dja ly rat xa nhau.
Sa do cay phan loai di truyen a hinh 1 cho thay 39 mau giong che Shan co thi^ a cac vung khac nhau CO muc dp tuong dong 0,77 co th^ dupe chia thanh 9 nh6m chlnh.
Nhdm thirnhathda g6m cac mku 1, 2, 11, 5, 6, 12, 20,10 CO ten la: PK4, PK6, PK12, PK9, PKIO, YB5, BM3, PK21; d6 la cac mSu gi6ng che Shan cd thu dupe thu thap b hai ban Pang Kang va Ban Moi thudc
| 6 N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 7/2012
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
xa Suoi Giang - Yen Bai. Nhom nay c6 miic dp tumig dong 0,80, nhom n^y dupe chia thdnh ba nh6m phu:
nhom phu thu nh^t gom 3 miu sri 1, 2 va 11; nh6m phu thii hai g6m co 4 m^u la 5, 6,12, 20 va nhom phu con lai chi co duy nhSit mpt mSu giring so 10.
Nhdm tbu bai: hao gom dV mau so 16 Cn'4), 33 a C 4 ) , 34 (GBI). 39 (GB12). 37 GBIO). 3.5 (GH4). 38 (GBll). trong do co miiu giong TU4 a viing I-;ii Chflu va mau giong TCI o viing Tiia Chiia - Di^n Bi^n; cAc mSu giong con lai dupe thu Ui(ip (V thon GiAng B - Suoi Giang - Y^n B^i. Nhom nay c6 mirc clu tiioiig dong 0.81 dupe chia thanh ba nhom phu: nhom phu thii nhat bao gom cac mau giiing sii 16, 33,34. 37. 39;
nhom phu thu hai lo duy nhat mpl mau giiing sii 35 va nhom phu thir 3 clii co mot mau gif'ing sii 38,
O muc tumig dimg lini hoii 0,77 nhom thii ba bao gom hai mau giiing la 13 (HG3) va mau giong 14 (HG4) du(x- thu thap tai viing chi' lliupng Son - Ha Giang.
Nhdm tiiir tin la nhbm Ion nhiii, bao giim cdc mau giong che Shan co Uiu dupe Uiu thap a vimg che Suoi Giang 8 mlu, viing che Lang Son 2 mau, vimg che Laj Chau 2 mau va viing che Mpc Chau 1 mau va thu tu sSp x&p nhu sau: so 19 (MB2) . 29 CYD4). 25 (GAll), 28 (LS32). 23 (MB14), 27 (LSI). 22 (MBS), 24 (MB16), 26 (GB13), 31 (MC2). 32 (PK22), 36 (GB6). 30 (TT)5). Nhom nay co mirc do tuong diing la 0.82 va dupe chia thanh nhieu nhom phu.
Nhom phu thii nhat bao gom cac mau sii 19. 29.
25. 28. 23, 27, 22, 24, 26. Trong nhom phu nay cac mSu giong duoc chia thanh nhi^u cac phan nhom phu khac nhau tiiy thupc vao miic dp tuong dong di truyen. O miic dp tuong dong kha Ion la 0,85. nhom phu nay duoc chia thanh 4 phan nhom phu: phan nhom phu thu nhat gom co bdn mau gidng la 19. 29.
25 va 28; phan nhom phu thii hai gom hai mau gidng la BMH va LSI; phan nhom phu thii ba gom ba mau gidng la BM8,MB16,GB13.
Nhom phu thii hai cua nhom thii tu bao gdm hai mau gidng MC2 va PK22. Nhdm phu thii ba chi c6 mpt mlu gidng GB6 va phan nhom phy thii 4 c6 duy nhat m6t mau gidng TB5.
Nhdm thtrnSm:hao gdm hai mau giong sdl7 va 18,d61aTU16,BMl.
Nhdm tiiusau:chi co duy nhat mau gidng sd 21, ky hi6u la BM4.
Hinhl. Sa dd cSy v^ mdi quan h$ di truydn cua dy ch6 Shan cd thM vimg mi^n niii phia B ^ Vi$t Nam
Nhdm thtf bay: CO biin mlu sd 3, 4, 8 va 7, d6!a PK7. PK8, PK15. PK17; day la nhung mau gidng clii Shim cd tliu tai thon Pang Kang cua xa Sudi Giang- Yt^n Bai. Nh6m nay co mirc do tuong ddng Ion hoi 0,83 va CO the chia thanh hai nhom phu: nhom ph thii nhat chi co mau gidng sd 3; nhom phu thii ha bao gdm hai mau gidng sd 4 va so 8.
Nhom tim tam: chi co duy nhat mot mau gionj sd9(PK20).
Nhdm thu cbin: Duy nhat chi co mau giong so 15 cru32).
Tu kdt qua tren cho thay viqc img dung cong nghe phan tich RAPD da danh gia sau hon su khac biet vd mat di truyen a miic do phan tii giira cac mau gidng che, dieu ma chiing ta da rat kho danh gia n^u chi thong qua cac chi tieu hinh thai ciia cic man gidng. Ki't qua nay giiip cho nha chpn gidng dinti huong khi thu thap cac mau gidng che co vi tri dia Ij gin nhau chi can lay mau dai di^n cho viing d^ phan tich ADN chii khong can phai nhieu mau; cu th^ nh"
ddi V01 nhom thii nh^t va nhom thii 7 cac mlu giong che Shan cd thu co miic do tuong ddng rat cao. Ocac vimg che khac nhau thi cac mau gidng xuat hi^n"
cac nhom khac nhau nhir mau gidng che Shan « thu t ^ Tua Chiia - Dien Bi6n (JCA) a nhom 2; h^
mlu gidng che a Hd Giang (HG3, HG4) a nhom th^
3; nhdm thu tu bao gdm rat nhieu mlu gidng che Shan cd thu cua cac vimg che Shan ciia Viet Nam nhu L ^ g Son (LSI, LS32), Tam Ducmg - Lai Chau (TD4, TDS); cd mlu gidng che TU32 tai Than Uyen- Lai Chau thuoc nhom thii 9.
NONG NGHI$P VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G T H O N - KY 1 - THANG
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NONG NGHIf P VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 1 - THANG 7/20«KHOA HOC CdNG N G H £
Kdt qua nghien ciiu da dang di truydn cua tac gia Mguyin Huu La va CS (nSm 2004) cho lhay su tuong 3dng di truyen kha cao ciia cac gidng che trong ciing mpt bien chung. Cac nghien cuu v^ sir da dang cua :ac gidng che cua Trung Qudc, An Dp, Pakistan, Vi^t Nam bang cac chi thi phan tu nhu RAPD, ISSR, /^LF cung da chi ra rang cd su khac bi?t lan giiia :ac gidng che dupe trong cr cac vung khac nliau (Sahib & cs, 2007; S. C. Roy., B. N. Chakraborty, 2009; Rajan K. M., 2009; Latip S. N. H. & c s . 2010;
Nguyen Van Toan va cs, 2011).
nr. KET LUAIV VA DE lUGHI l . K ^ t l u ^
20 mdi RAPD thupc cac nhom moi OPC, OPN, PPO da dupe su dung de phan tich va thu dupe 16
•noi cho da dang di truyen, 3 moi hoSc khong da Jang hoac khong thu dupe cac bang. Tdng sd bang ADN thu dupe vai 16 mdi da hinh la 2629 bang vai ,<ich thuoe bang Ion nhat klioang 3.000 bp va bang ihd nhat la 250 bp.
Danh gia ban ddu cho thay sir tucmg ddng di xuyen ciia 39 miu gidng che Shan a mpt sd viing che phia Bac kha cao, miic dp tuang ddng di truydn iao dpng trong khoang 0,61- 0,94, trong do, 2 mlu co le sd tuong ddng di truydn cao nhat la PK4 va PK6;
:ap miu co he sd tuong ddng di truydn thap nhat la PK6 va BM4 va cap miu TU17 va BMl.
He sd tuang ddng di truydn kha cao a cac mau jidng che Shan co xuat xii gan nhau ve dia ly, ngupc ai he sd tuong dong di truydn giam di a cac mau
^idng che Shan co xuat xii xa nhau ve dia ly.
2.D^nghi
Tren c a sa khac nhau vd khoang each di truydn, Id nghi ling dung trong bao tdn nguon gien che
ANALYSIS OF GENETICS DIVERSITY OF SHAN TEA VARIETIES IN THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINOUS REGION OF VIETNAM
Nguyen Thi Hong Lam, Nguyen Van Toan Summary
Shan tea is popular in the Northem mountainous region of Vietnam, this tea which known to grow more than 100 years ago, thus it was called the old tea. Shan tea is valuable gene source in Vietnam. In order to preserve, exploit and expand this tea variety; specially for tea breeding, beside evaluation of morphological and agnominal traits, the application of molecular techniques is to play very important role. Therefore, in this study, RAPD markers have been used to analyze genetics diversity of 39 Shan tea samples with 20 primers. The result indicated that 16 primers showing clearly polymorphism between samples. 9 main groups were identified with highly genetic similarity, correlation coefficient is ranging 0.61 - 0.94. The result also indicated that the tea samples collected in the same region which were mainly clustered m tlie same correlation group.
Key Words: Genetic diversity, Shan variety (Camellia sinensis var. Shan), Northem mountainous Vietnam.
Ngu6i ph4n bi^n: TS. La T u ^ Nghia Ngiy n h $ n b ^ : 12/4/2012 Ngiy thang qua phan bi$n: 13/5/2012 Ngiy duy$t dang: 18/5/2012
Shan quy va dinh huang cap bd me trong lai tao huu tinh.
TAI UEU H U M KHAO
1. Nguyen Huu La vi CS (2004). Buoc dau danh gii dac didm da hinh cua mot sd gidng che shan tai Phu Hd- Tap chi N6ng nghidp & Phat trien nong thon, sd 10/2004.
2. Nguyen Van Toan va cs (2011). Danh gia tinh da hinh di truydn cua mpt sd gidng che bang ky Uiu&t RAPDs (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Tap chi Nong nghidp va Ph^t trien nong thon.
3. Latip S. N. H., Muhamad R., Manjeri G. Tan S. G., Genetic vai-lation of selected Camellia sinensis (Cultivated Tea) varieties in Malaysia based on Random Amplifed Microsatellite (RAMs) Markers.
Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 33 (2): 259- 267 (2010).
4. Wachira F. N., Waugh R., Hackelt C. A, Powell W. Detection of genetic diversity in tea {Camelha sinensis) using RAPD markers. 1995 Genome. 38(2):20M0.
5. Gui S., Ahmad H., Klian I. A., Alam M., Assessment of genetic diversity in tea genotypes through RAPD primers. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 2007 Aug.
l;10(15):2609-n.
6. L. Chen, Yamaguchi 2005, RAPD markers for discriminating tea germplasms at the mter- specific level in China. Plant Breeding, Volume 124.
Issue 4, pages 404-409.
7. C. S. Roy, B. N. Chakraborty. Genetic diversity and relationships among tea {Camellia sinesis) cultivars as revealed by RAPD and ISSR base fingerprinting. Indian Joumal of Biotechnology Vol 8 October 2009, pp 370- 376.
lONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 1 - THANG 7/2012 51
