NGHIENCUU
Cong tac tuyen tniy^n, pho bi^n, giao due va huan luyen ve an toan, ve sinh lao dong trong doanh nghiep giao
thong duong bo Vi^t Nam: thuc trang va giai phap
Truong Dai hoc Cong doan
Bdo ddm an toan, ve sinh lao ddng (ATVSLD) cho ngudi lao ddng la mdt chfl truong, ehinh sdeh ldn va nhat qudn cua Dang ta tir khi thdnh lap den nay vd da dugc the hidn trong cae van kien cfla Dang qua ede ky Dai hoi cflng nhu hong cac Nghj quyet, Chi thi cfla Ban chdp hdnh Tmng uong Ddng. Tuy nhidn, thdi gian qua, vide tuydn tmyen, phd bien, giao dye vd hudn luyen vd ATVSLD hong doanh ngiuep giao thdng dudng bO Viet Nam vdn edn ton tai nhieu ban chd.
I.Mddau
Giao thdng dudng bg la mdt bd phan cfla nganh giao thdng van tai - mdt nganh san xuat vat chat ed quy mo ldn, chiem mdt vi tri quan trgng trong phdt trien kinh td qud'c gia. Giao thdng van tai la mdt nganh san xuat vat chat dae biet, true tidp tgo ra gia tri va gid tri gia tang trong qud trinh thgc hidn chflc nang cfla minh thdng qua viec gifl cho huye't mach giao thdng cfla ddt nude ludn thdng sudt. Giao thdng van tai cd 5 loai hinh ea ban: Giao thdng dudng sdt, giao thdng dudng bd, giao thdng dudng thuy, giao thdng dudng hang khdng, giao thdng bang dudng dng (dudng dng van ehuydn nhien lieu, nguyen lieu rdi). Trong dd, giao thdng dudng bd chiem ty trgng ldn va ludn dugc eae qude gia uu tien dau tu phdt trien.
Doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd la nhflng doanh nghiep hogt ddng trong linh vge cd pham vi tuong ddi da dang nhu cdng trinh cdng nghiep, giao thdng, thuy lgi, san bay, ben cdng, dudng day vd tram bidn thd dien, cdc cdng trinh ha tdng ky thudt dd thj va khu cdng nghiep; cac cdng trinh cdp thoat nude vd vd sinh mdi trudng, ndn mdng cdng trinh. Ben eanh dd, cdc doanh nghidp ndy cdn ddu tu kinh doanh nhd d, khu dd thi mdi, ha tang ky thudt khu cdng nghidp, cac du dn thuy dien vira va nhd, sdn xudt kinh doanh vdt tu, thiet bi, phu tung vd cae loai vdt lieu xay dgng, dng edng be tdng, be tdng thuong phdm, gia cdng, che tao eae san pham co khi xdy dung, edp pha dinh hinh, dan gido, nha cdng nghiep. Ngoai ra, doanh nghidp giao thdng dudng bd cdn eung cap djch vu cho thue thidt bi, cung cap vat tu ky thudt; tu van ddu tu, tu van thidt ke, tu van gidm sat cdng trinh, djeh vu sfla chtra, ldp dat may mdc, thiet bi, cac san pham co khi va ket edu djnh hinh khae. Trong sd cdc hoat ddng ke trdn thi eac doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd chu ydu tham gia vdo Iinh vuc xay dung cae cdng trinh cdu, dudng bd va day cung la the manh efla nhung doanh nghidp nay.
8 0 KiNH T^ C H A U A - T H A I B I N H DUONCS (THANQ 3 / ZOZaJ
2. Thuc trang cdng tac an toan, ve sinh iao dong Uong doanh nghiep giao thdng dudiig bd Viet Nam Cdng tae an toan lao dOng va qudn ly nha nude v^
an toan Iao ddng cang phdi tdng ke't nit kinh ngliiem theo tung nam, tung giai doan, neu dem so sanh sd lidu an toan lao ddng giira hai giai dogn, cho thdy c6 su thay ddi, su bidn ddng tidu cue. Kd tu 01/7/2016, Luat An toan, ve sinh Iao ddng cd hidu Igc, dugc cac cap eae nganh nhidt tinh hudng ling, dgc bidt Id eac eo quan quan ly nhd nude vd an toan coi day la kim chi nam, la cai gdy quydn lgc phdp ly manh. Id cdng eg hiiu hieu giflp cdng tdc qudn ly nha nude v^ an toan lao ddng thuc hidn thuan lgi, nhd#m ngan ngua, ngan ehdn, day lui, trdnh, han ehe, triet tieu tai ngn lao ddng va tdn that ve sire ngudi, sue cfla ddi vdi ngudi Iao ddng, doanh nghiep vd nhd nude.
Cdc doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd Vidt Nam dd cd sg chfl trgng trong cdng tde dam bao an toan, ve sinh lao ddng cho ngudi lao ddng trong qua trinh hoat ddng sdn xudt va thi cdng cdng trinh. Tuy nhien, vdn cdn mdt sd doanh nghidp dd xay ra tai ngn lao dOng, trong dd cd tai nan lao dpng gay ehet ngudi. Mdt sd doanh nghidp cdn chua bd tri ddy du can bd lam cdng tac bao hg Iao ddng; chua thgc hien viee danh gid k^
hoaeh bao hd lao ddng da dugc phe duyet. Viec hudn luyen an toan, ve sinh lao ddng tai mdt sd doanh nghiep cdn chua ddy dfl. Doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd cdn nhidu ngudi Iao ddng (chfl ydu la lao ddng thdi vg) trong qua trinh lao ddng khdng sii dung dflng, day dfl phuong tidn bdo hd ea nhan nhu quan do, gidy, mu, ddy an toan trong qua trinh lam vide.
Cdng tae bao cdo efla mdt sd doanh ngiep cdn chua day dfl, ehua kip Uidi lam dnh hudng den viec tdng hgp, tiieo ddi, kidm tra, dd dua ra cac giai phap nham Uiuc hien tdt hon edng tde bao hd Iao dong.
cae chinh sach, phap ludt ve an toan, ve sinh lao dgng ttong doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bg cd cac
ndi dung la phdng ngua tai ngn lao dgng, benh nghd ngiiidp, bao gom cde chinh sdch thdng tin, tuydn imy^n, gido dye, tu van, hudn luyen an toan, ve sinh lao ddng vd gidm thidu rui ro bao gdm khai bdo, thdng ke, bdo edo, didu tta su ed nghidm trgng, tai nan lao d0ng, benh nghd ngiiidp dd cd bidn phap khae phye tdi da nhimg hau qua dang tide xay ra.
Ndi dung cdng tae giao dye, huan luydn ve ATVSLD hong doanh nghiep giao Uidng dudng bg, gdm: nhirng quy djnh cfla phdp luat vd ATVSLD nhu quyen, nghia vy cfla ngudi sir dung lao ddng vd ngudi lao dgng ttong viec chap hanh quy dinh ve ATVSLD; chinh sach, chd dd bao hd lao ddng dd'i vdi ngudi lao ddng; hudn luydn xay dung he thdng qudn ly ATVSLD ttong ede doanh nghidp; phuang phdp xdy dgng, tridn khai ke hogch, bien phdp ATVSLD, xay dgng ndi quy an toan lao ddng; cae ydu td nguy hiem, ed hai gay tai nan lao ddng, benh ngh^ ngiiidp va cae bien phdp edi thidn didu kien Iao dgng; nhiing kidn thiie co ban ve ky tiiugt ATVSLD; phuong phap tg kidm tra ATVSLD, khdc phye nhung thidu sdt, hgn che, cdc nguy co mat ATVSLD tgi co sd; edch xu ly tinh hudng va ede phuong phap so eiru ngudi bj tcii ngn Iao ddng...
3. Mot SO ton tai. ban Che
Cdng tae tuyen tmyen, phd bien, gido dgc va tap hudn vd an todn, ve sinh lao ddng ttong doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd Viet Nam ed nhung tdn tai, han ehd eu the sau:
Thii nhdt, vi^c ban hanh nhung van ban hudng ddn vd bdo dam ATVSLD trong eac doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bg vdn edn ed nhirng quy dinh chong eheo gdy khd khan, Iflng tflng cho doanh nghiep trong vi$c thi hanh chinh sach, phdp ludt. Cdng tac tuyen tiuydn, phd bidn, giao dye va huan luydn cho ngudi Iao ddng vd an todn, ve sinh lao ddng cung bi ehdng eheo, kiiien cho ngudi lao ddng khd khan tidp thu kidn tiiiic ve an toan, ve sinh Iao ddng, ddc biet la gay khd khan eho nhung lao ddng mdi vao nghe hay nhflng lao ddng trinh do thdp.
Thfl hai, edng tdc tuydn tmyen nang cao nhan thurc v^ an toan, ve sinh lao ddng trong cac doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd ehua dugc ddu tu tuong xung vdi yeu cdu cfla edng tae an toan, vd sinh lao ddng trong thdi ky mdi. Cac doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd vdi quy md san xudt vua vd nhd la ehfl yeu ndn thieu vdn ddu tu cho sdn xudt Id van de khd khan khd tranh khdi. Do dd, viec dau tu quy md, ddng bd eho cdng tae an toan, ve sinh lao ddng thue su la bai toan nan giai.
Doanh ngiiidp de tiet iddm vdn, hg gia thanh san pham tdi da da edt giam ea ehi phi gianh cho edng tac luyen huyen, phd bien, gido dye va tap huan ve an todn, ve sinh lao ddng. Tir dd dan den vige ngudi Iao ddng khdng duge tiep edn ddy dfl vdi ki thuat va cdng ey bao hd lao ddng, eung nhu khdng duge Uiam gia vdo cde Idp dao tao de tu bdn thdn hg ed y thflc tu bao
ve eho ban than vd nhung ngudi lao ddng xung quanh trong qud tnnh lao ddng, sdn xuat.
Thir ba, cdng tae luyen tmyen, huan luyen, td ehiic giang day nang cao y thflc bao hd lao ddng ttong doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd khdng dugc thuc Uii day du, nghiem tflc. Cdng tac thong tin, tuyen tmyen, gido dye, dao tgo va hudn luyen ve an toan, ve sinh lao ddng, phdng chdng ehdy nd chua thge su tuong ximg vdi ydu cdu cfla edng tde an toan, ve sinh lao ddng trong doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd.
Cdng tae thdng tin tuyen tmyen nhdm nang cao nhan thuc vd an toan, ve sinh lao ddng ehua thudng xuydn, rdng rai vd chua dugc dau tu dflng mfle. Vide phd bien va hudng ddn ede qui dinh phap luat thudng chi ddn duge can bd eua eae cae eo quan qudn ly, chua den duge vdi co sd, nhdt Id cac eo sd ngoai qudc doanh.
Cdng tde giao due, dao tgo va huan luyen an toan, vd sinh Iao ddng ehua duoe kiem soat vd mat ehdt lugng va trien khai mdt each toan dien.
4. Mdt SO giai pj^ap chu yeu day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen, pho bien, giao due va huan luyen ve an toan, ve sinh iao ddng trong doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bg Viet 14am
Thii nhdt, trude nhung yeu cau cfla cude edng nghiep 4.0, ndi dung, phuong phap, hinh thflc tuyen tmyen, phd bien, tap huan phai dugc xem xet, xac djnh vj tri, tdm quan trgng dd ddi mdi eho phu hgp. De cdng tdc tuydn tmyen, phd bien, giao dye va hudn luyen ve ATVSLD trong doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd duge hieu qua can tang cudng va ddi mdi cdng tae thdng tin, tuyen tmyen, hudn luyen; nang cao nhan thflc cho ngudi su dung lao ddng va ngudi lao ddng v^ ATVSLD trong doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd. Phd bien y nghia, tdc dung, hieu qud cua viee giao due nang eao nhan thflc traeh nhiem cua cac cap lanh dao trong doanh nghiep, eua can bd, edng nhan va ngudi Iao ddng ve thue hien ATVSLD.
Thir hai, nang eao nhan thuc eho ddi ngfl lanh dao doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd ve tam quan trong efla ATVSLD. Ldy viec ddm bao ATVSLD nhu la mdt trong nhung tieu chi can ban de danh gia "chu tin" cfla DN tren thi trudng. Chi khi doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd uu tien bao dam an toan cho nhiing ngudi Iao ddng cua minh thi mdi chiing td duge rdng nhiing sdn phdm md ede doanh nghiep giao thdng dudng bd tgo ra nhu la eae edng trinh, dudng xa, giao thdng.. .thue sg vi loi ieh cua ngudi dan, cua eon ngudi - nhiing ngudi khach hang tore tiep sfl dung nhimg san pham cua cae DN nay. Cac doanh nghiep can cd kd hoach tai chinh hgp ly, cu the de dau tu cho cdng tac tuyen tmyen, phd bien, giao due va huan luyen ve ATVSLD. Sg tidn bd eua khoa hge thdng tin, viec tmyen tdi thdng tin khdng edn qud tdn kem va cham ehe. Do dd, cae doanh nghiep edn tan dyng mgi
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