THUC TRANG XUNG DOT DAT DAI VUNG DAN TOC THIEU SO 6 NUdC TA
• TS NGUYEN THI THANH DUNG Vien Chinh tri hoc.
Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• Torn tdt: Trong nhiing ndm qua, do chinh sdch, phdp ludt ve ddt dai cua Nhd niidc cdn nhieu bdt cap so vdi thUc tien; cong tdc qudn ly ddt dai d mpt so dia phtidng cdn long leo...
da ddn den cdc vu viec xung dpt ddt dai not chung xung dpt ddt dai vimg ddn tpc thieu s6 ndi rieng gdy ra nhdng diem ndng chinh tri - xd hpi phUc tap. Bdi viet tap trung ldm ro thiic trangxungdpt ddt daidviingddn tpc thieu so VietNam hien nay thdngquaphdn tich 5 hinh thUc xung dot ddt dai chu yeu, nhiing nguyen nhdn, yeu kem trong qudn ly ddt dai.
• Tii khoa: xung dot ddt dai, viing ddn tpc thieu so.
1. Cac loai hinh xung d$t dat dai viing dan toe thieu so
Qua nghign ciiu, khao sdt thue td cho thay xung dot ddt dai d viing dan tpc thigu sd cd nhirng hinh thiic chii yeu sau:
Thiinhit, ximg dot hen quan den den bu, giii tda, giai phdng mat bing, tii dinh cu trong qui trmh triin khai cic duan kinh ti
Hien nay, d tat ca cdc vimg tdc ngirdi thilu sd, tuy nhieu it khde nhau nhung dgu ed cdc du dn kinh tg dugc trien khai. Chinh quygn cdc dia phuang deu cd gdng tao mpi digu kign thudn Igi de thu hiit ede nha ddu tu. Viec tign hanh giai phdng mat bdng thdng qua den bii ddt dai, tai dinh cu la mdt cdng vide khd khdn, khdng ehi 6 vung tgc ngudi thigu sd ma tign quy md todn qudc. Thuc tg cho thay, noi ndo mdi gpi dau tu nhilu, cang giai phdng mat bdng, den bu giai
tda, tdi dinh cu cdng nhieu, cang tang nguy co xung dot ddt dai.
Lao Cai la mdt tinh miin mil phia Tay Bdc cd tdc dp tang trudng kinh td cao thii hai ttong 14 tinh tnmg du mien mil phia Bde. Cimg vdi tde dd phdt triln dd, Lao Cai diing trudc nhilu thdch thiic ttong dd ed nhiing van de Udn quan din xung dot dat dai. Ngodi nhiing vdn dl tuong tu nhu cde tinh Tdy Bdc khde thi din bii gidi phdng mat bdng, tai dinh cu la van de ndi cpm, gdy biic xuc ttong nhdn ddn. Cd the thay, d dau cd dgn bii giai phdng mdt bdng, cd du dn phdt tiign id ed mau thuan, cd khigu kien vg dat dai.
0 Tdy Nguygn, viec den bu giai phdng m$t bdng dg xdy dung dudng day tinygn tai di^n chi dgt tii 50 dgn 70% gid tii tiiuc, ttong dd bdi tiiudng rimg, hoa mdu tten ddt mang tfnh cdo bdng khign cho ngudi dan thi?t thdi, biic xuc.
M
Nhiing chdm tti, sai phgm ttong qua trinh gjai phdng mat bdng lai ehua ed che tai dg quy ttdch nhilm. Vi vdy, quyen Ipi ciia ngirdi dan hi thiet thdi ma tign dp du dn eung khd dam bdo.
Tai Kon Tum, mydn kit ndi tii dirdng Hd Chi Mmh di qudc lp 24 vd tuygn tianh dudng Hd Chi Minh qua thdnh phd Kon Tum la hai dy an giao tiidng ttpng digm cua tirih Kon Tum ttong nam 2018. Hien ca hai dy dn nay deu chua thi khdi cdng xdy dung do cdng tac lap phuong an din bu giai phdng mat bdng cd nhieu sai phgm. Diln hinh la viec can bp lap phuong an din bii vdi
"gid tten ttdi", cd bieu hien tryc lgi, mdc ndi chuyen nhugng dat dai, tdc ddng vao viec khdng cdng nhdn gid dat dich thye tgo ra diem ndng tiong cdng tdc bdi thudng gidi phdng mat bdng.
Su viec nghidm ttpng dgn miie thdng 9-2020, I^y ban nhdn dan tinh Kon Tum phai ehdm dut hieu luc quyet djnh phg duyet gia ddt, dimg phuang dn bdi thudng de thuc hien Iai'".
O An Giang, do qud trinh dd thi hda dign ra nhanh va nhu cdu sii dyng dat ciia ngudi dan tdng len, ddt dai ngdy edng ed gid tri Idm phdt suih cdc ttanh chdp, nhdt Id viee ttanh chap ddt dai lien quan din ba eon ngudi Khmer. Mat khdc, do viec eho thug, mupn, cam cd dat dai, vigc tnmg dyng, tnmg thu, tnmg mua, thu hdi ddt khdng cd quygt dinh, chua hogc da bdi thudng nhung khdng luu giii hd so nen thieu ca sdxac dinh... Iam cho tinh tigng ttanh chap dat gia tang. Sd vu viec mang tinh chat phiic tgp, gay gdt chidm ty le eao. Do dd, ttong nhieu nam, nhat la giai doan tir nam 2010 ttd ve trudc, tten toan Tuih cd tten dudi 100 quyet dinh giai quyet ttanh chdp ddt dai cd hieu lue phdp lugt phai thuc hien. Trong dd cd su kien dien hinh la bd eon ngudi Khmer d huyen Tri Tdn va Tinh Bien ddng loat "ddi ddt", gay ra didm ndng chinh tti - xa hpi vdo ndm 2000 - 2001.
Thuhai, xung dot dat dai hen quan din diiu chinh dia gidi, m6c gidi hanh chinh
Viec tach, nhap tinh, huyen, xa vl mat hdnh chinh ddt ra nhiing thach thiic khdng nhd ve quan ly ddt dai, nhdt Id d dia ban Tay Bdc, noi cd nhieu tinh, huyen, xa hi chia tdch, dieu chinh dia gidi hdnh chinh. 6 tinh Dien Bien, hien nay ttong sd 13 didm ttanh chap dat dai Uen quan dgn dia gidi hanh ehinh da cd 10 dilm cd phuong dn giai quygt va 3 diem chua ed phuong an giai quylt.
Khi xay ra ttanh chap, cae cap iiy, ehinh quyen da bdn bae, thdng nhat phuong an thye hign de ban chd cde digm ndng xay ra. Mac dii vgy, vdn xay ra nhiing xung dot gay gdt, anh hudng ddn an ninh ttat ty tten dia ban, den san xudt vd ddi sdng ciia ba con ddng bao tdc ngudi thigu sd.
Huydn Mudng Nhe tii khi thanh ldp huydn ndm 2002 dgn nay eiing ed nhigu vu xung dot dat dai Uen quan ddn viec chia tdch huyen, chia tdch xa. Khi chia tach don vi hdnh chinh cd nhiing hp dan d ben xa nay nhung lai cdt dat cho xd khdc, do dd, ttong qua trinh san xuat xay ra tranh chdp. Oban Na Su, xa Tia Dinh, huyen Dien Bien Ddng da xay ra ttanh chdp ddt dai do dieu ehinh dia gidi hanh chinh til nam 2000 nhung dgn nay van chua gidi quyet xong.
Nam 2000, nhan dan hai ban Na Su vd ban Hudi My, xd Sam Kha, huyen Sdp COp, tinh Son La xay ra tinh tigng xdm canh, tianh chdp 80 ha ddt nuang va 2 ha dat mdng ciia ban Na Su khai hoang tiirdc dd. Cd the thdy, xung dot dat dai, ben eanh nguyen nhan nhdn thiie hgn chg ciia ngirdi dan cdn cd nguyen nhdn tir tinh ttgng du eanh, du eu ty do ciia mpt bd phan ddn eu.
Thti ba, khdngxac dinh dugc quyin sudung dit, ranh gidi nuong riy trong qua tiinh canh tic, khdng cip dugc sdddhoic cap sai, chdnglin
Viec quan Iy dat dai khdng chat ehe, suma hd ve ngudn gde dat dai, dat khdng cap duge gidy
LfLUAN CHfNH TRj-So 10/2020
chiing nhgn quyln sir dung ddt, bode dat cap ttong sd khdng dung thuc tg, dat dai khdng cd giay td; mpt bd phdn ngudi ddn cdn thieu bilu bilt, tiid a vdi viec dang ky cdp gidy chiing nhgn quygn su dyng dat, ndng luc can bd quan Iy dat dai ydu kgm, viec thay ddi ranh gidi cde dia phuang Udn tuc... la nhiing van dg ddt ra tuldu, ehdm duge gidi quyet, la can nguyen ddn den xung dot, khilu kien keo dai, gay mat an ninh trdt tu ddi sdng.
Theo sd Ueu ciia Uy ban nhan dan xd Hudi Leng, huyen Mudng Cha, tmh Dien Bien, tten dia ban cdn dgn 70% sdhd chua Iam dupe sd dd.
Tir nam 2007 dgn nay, tten dia ban Tinh xay ra gan 2.500 vy ttanh chdp, ttong dd cd 86 vy Ugn quan din dia gidi hanh ehinh, edn lai Id ttanh chdp ddt dai ttong nhan dan. Tir ndm 2016 dgn nay cd ban 40 vy ttanh chdp phiic tap vl dat dai, trong dd gay chet 4 ngudi, hi thuong ndng 6 ngirdi; nhilu vu cd tinh chat tap the keo ddi tdi hang chuc ndm'^'. Nguyen nhdn ciia tinh tiang nay chu ylu vdn la tCr lgi ieh kinh tl vd do edng tdc qudn Iy dat dai d ca sd edn nhilu ygu kem, cd nai hi hudng Idng, thdm chi cdn giai quygt tuy tien, sai phdp ludt.
Tgi tinh Son La, nhigu vu ttanh chdp ddt keo dai hang chyc nam. Dign hinh nhu vy ttanh chdp ddt giiia ngudi dan ban Hudi My, xd Sam Kha, huyen Sdp COp, tinh Son La va ngudi dan bdn Na Su, Chua Ta A, Chua Ta B (xa Tia Dmh, huyen Dien Bien Ddng, tinh Didn Bien) keo ddi tdi 30 nam; nhidu ldn xay ra au da, xd xdt, dot Idn nuong, thdm chi nd siing. nd min... giiia ngudi dan hai bdn. Cdc huyen vimg sdu, viing xa nhu cdc huygn 3Ga, ty le cap gidy d vimg sdu, vung xa nhu ddt nuang rdy eua cdc hd bode ddt d ndng thdn eiia ede ban, neu phai thye hien nghia vy tai chinh thi ngudi ddn eiing khdng mdn ma ve viec lay gidy ehiing nhgn. Vi vdy, cung cd mdt sd
huyen tdn lai mdt sd gidy chiing nhdn dd ky nhung chua ttao cho nhung ngiroi sir dung ddt.
6 tinh Yen Bdi, mdi nam. mdt huyen ldn nhu Van Yen cdp khodng 2.500 - 3.000 gidy ehiing nhgn quyln su dyng ddt nhung chii ylu cap cho ngudi dan cdc xa vung tiidp, cdn d cdc xa vimg eao rat it; ed xa ed nam chi edp dupe 5 ddn 7 sd dd. Do thii tyc Idm sd do van edn phiic tap nen ngirdi dan chua tu gidc di lam.
Thutu,xungddtviquyin trong quanly dit dai (^ualuittuc, tip quin vi phip luat ve dit dai)
Neu nhu d Tay Bdc, vdn cdn tinh ttgng du canh, du cu tu do, ddt rung thi d Tdy Nguygn tmh hinh phiic tap hon. Mdt mdt, phuang thiic qudn ly ddt dai eua ede tpc ngudi thigu sd Tdy Nguyen theo sd hiiu cpng ddng, la ddc tnmg ciia chg dp mdu he. Chg dp mau he can ttd qud ttinh tham gia binh dang ciia ngudi ddn dng vao cdc qua trinh kinh te, gay khd khdn cho vi$c thye hien phap ludt ttong vdn hanh nen kinh tg d Tdy Nguyln. Mat khdc, vide ddi mdi ca chg qudn ly chuygn ddi sang md hinh cde cdng ty ndng, ldm nghiep (tii nam 2003) vin mang tinh hinh thiie, chua tach biet rd rdng giiia chiic ndng kinh te vdi chiie ndng hdnh ehinh. Hi?n nay, nhieu ndng, Iam trudng, cdng ty tii chdi nhgn them dat hodc vi khdng dii ndng lyc sdn xudt, hodc vi ehua the hodn chinh dupe hd so dl Iam thii tyc giao ddt, thug ddt, cdp mdi, cdp ddi gidy chiing nhan quyen su dyng ddt theo quy dinh. Vi vay, mdt dien tich khdng nhd ddt dai edn dl hoang hda, trong khi nhilu ngudi dan dang thigu ddt sdn xudt.
rinh ttgng ygu kem vg quan Iy ddt dai d Tdy Nguygn Id nguygn nhan ehu ygu ldm eho nguy CO xung ddt xa hpi tdng lea
Vdi quy ddt cd han, nhu cdu su dyng dat eho phdt trign kinh tg - xd hpi tdng nhanh, vigc thigu mpt ca che qudn iy diing ddn Iam cho gid ddt
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thye va gia ddt do tdng cao. Trong bdi cdnh dd, viec din bii, tiiu hdi ddt d nhilu noi khdng muih bach, thigu hpp ly, khdng edng bdng, tinh ttang tham nhiing ttong qud trinh thye hien ehinh sach ddt dai, gidi quygt dgn bii... da tgo ra nhiing mdu tiiudn, xung ddt, ttanh chdp dat dai gay gdt ban giiia cdc nhdm dan cu, hogc giiia nhan dan vd chinh quyln. Tii sau nam 1975 din nay, nhiing vy ttanh chdp ddt dai ldn nhd a Tay Nguygn cd thi len dgn hang nghin vu. Khilu ngi vl ddt dai ehilm den 95% sd don khieu ngi'^'.
Tinh dgn hgt nam 2018, tiieo sd Ueu khao sat thye tg, ttgn dia ban Tay Nguygn vdn dign ra khoang 90 vu ttanh chdp, khilu kidn Udn quan din dat dai dang giai quygt'^'.
Tti thue tiang va thdch thuc ttIn cho thdy viec dam bdo nhu edu dat san xudt, nhat la quyen qudn ly sii dyng riing va ddt riing cho hp gia dinh va khdng gian van hda riing cho cpng ddng Id vdn dl dgc biet quan ttpng. Ca cau xd hdi-tdc ngudi, van hda truygn thdng vd tdp qudn sdn xudt eua mdi cpng ddng tdc ngudi d Tay Nguyen dgu gdn bd mat thigt vdi riing. Viee ddm bao
"khdng gian sinh tdn", khdng gian van hda gdn vdi rung va ddt riing eho edng ddng dl ba con khdng "thigu ddt" sdn xudt la dieu kien tien quygt eho quan ly xung dot xd hpi va su phdt triln bin viing Tdy Nguygn.
Nlu 6 Tdy Bde, Tay Nam Bd, ngudi dan ndi chung, ddng bdo cae tpc ngudi thilu sd ndi rieng sii dyng ddt theo tap qudn thi d Tay Nguyen cbii ylu theo ludt tuc. Vdn dl ddt ra la tap qudn va ludt tyc dd tiing tdn tai qua nhigu ddi den nay da khdng cdn phu hgp vdi quy dinh eiia phdp lugt.
Hon nira, he thdng phap lugt ddt dai khdng nhiing khdng bao ehiia dupe nhiing vdn dg cua tap qudn vd ludt tyc md edn xung dot vdi chiing.
Hidn phap vd Lugt Ddt dai hien nay ehua thg giai quygt hgt cdc van dl ve quan hd ddt dai do chua
phii hpp vdi tinh hmh tiiyc tl. 6 ddy, vdn dg ddt ra id thye tiln lieh su, ehii khdng don thudn la van dl n h ^ thue. Mat khde, do tde dgng ciia cdc ludng thdng tm bi nhilu, thidu chinh xac, bi ke xau lgi dyng, xuygn tae, kieh dpng... ddn den hiiu sai chii truong, chinh saeh eiia Dang vd Nhd nudc ve dat dai.
Thii nim, xung dot lgi ich trong cic quan h$
dat dai
6 Tdy Bde, ttong nhiing nam dau thi ky XX, dat rung gan nhu vd chii. Khoang 3 trieu ngirdi dan du canh, du eu tu do dot rimg Idm nuong, lam rdy khiln cho phan ldn rimg d Tay Bde bi tdn pha, suy gjam nghiem tipng. Ngdy nay, khi da cd ehii tnrong giao ddt, giao rimg, ed kinh phi khodn bao ve rung, ngudi dan mudn dupe giao nhilu dat, nhieu rirng ban. Rung tii vd chu, ttd thdnh ddi tupng tianh chap. 6 Tdy Bdc, rung dd phye hdi mdu xanh, tuy nhien cimg xuat hien nhilu vu ttanh chdp cdng thdng do ttanh gianh dign ti'ch ddt ttdng rCmg. Chinh do lgi ich ttdng riing, ttanh c h ^ dat dai ma tu day vdn dl dia gidi hanh chinh ttd nen ddc bidt quan ttpng d Tay Bdc.
Sau ndm 1975, Tay Nguyen nhu mdt vimg dat dang ngii, dupe danh thuc, thay ddi. Myc tigu cua cdc chuong ttinh phdt triln Tdy Nguyen la dua sdn lugng mdt sd logi cay cdng nghiep ciia Viet Nam nhued phe, cao su.hd tieu... len hang ddu the gidi;
ddn cu Tay Nguyen tang len 4 Ian, cdeh tiiuc lam kinh tg ciia cae tde ngudi thieu sd ed nhieu thay ddi ti'eh eye, ddi sdng nhan dan dupe eai thien, ty le ngheo giam... Tuy vay, thdch thiie ddt ra Id qua ttinh khai tiiac va phdt ttiln dd da lam tiiay ddi can ban quan he dat dai d Tay Nguyen.
Nhd nude vdi tu each la ngudi dai dien eho chu sd hiiu toan dan vg dat dai d Tdy Nguyen la mdt chii thg phiic hop bao gdm cdc ca quan quyen luc nhd nudc tir Trung uong den cap xa...
Cae ehu the ndy, cho dgn nay van chira dupe quy
LfLUAN CHfNH TRj-So 10/2020
dinh rd quy md, hinh thue, tinh chat su dyng ddt dai ndi chung vd d Tay Nguyen ndi ridng.
Sau ndm 1975, Ipi Ieh tir dat dai dupe coi Id Igi ieh qudc gia, dupe thdng nhdt, tap trung vd thudng dupe dat cao hon Ipi ich eiia cae cdng ddng, ca nhan. Nhdm tdi da hda Ipi ich qude gia, Nhd nude chu tigng viec giao dat rung eho cdc don vi kmh tg nhd nudc (ndng, lam trudng) sii dyng, khai thac nhu mdt hinh thuc "qudc hiiu hda". Tuy nhien, qua trinh ndy dugc thye hien mdt edeh thigu tinh todn ddy du loi ieh cua cae edng ddng dua tten "quyln sd hiiu" tmygn thdng.
O Tay Nguyen, cdc ndng, Idm tnrdng Idm an thua 16, khdng mang lgi Ipi Ich kinh tl eho Nhd nudc. Nhd nudc khdng cd ngudn thu ttr cdc ndng, ldm trudng nay dg giai quygt nhiing van dg kinh tl, xa hdi mdi nay sinh do su thu hep dat dai ciia cac cdng ddng. Ddi sdng ciia cdng nhan eac ndng, Idm tnrong khdng duge bao dam, ddt riing bi khai thde biia bdi, tinh trung binh mdi nam riing hi thu hep 26.000 ha'^', dp che phii hien nay chi cdn dudi 50%; lupng nudc ngam ttong dat ttd nen cgn kiet, lugng nudc tudi giam, suy giam tham thuc vdt, dnh hudng ddn ndng sudt, chdt lupng cdy ttdng. Digu nay da anh hudng trye tigp den lgi ieh ciia ngudi sdn xuat, md tnrdc het Id cdc tdc ngudi thilu sd. Ngudi dan Tay Nguyen bi
"nghdo" di ttong ngn "kinh tg riing" tmyen thdng, ttong liic chua cd sinh ke thay the hieu qua, chua the vd chua cd digu kien dg thich n ^ hodc ehuyin sang nin san xudt hien dgi.
Hien nay, ddng bdo eac tdc ngudi thilu so edn 326.909 hd, trong dd cd 32.975 hd thilu dat d, 293.934 hd thigu dat san xuat can dugc hd ttg.
Chinh phii can thuc hien tigp chinh sdch hd ttg ddt d, ddt san xuat cho cdc hd thigu sd edn thilu ddt ttong giai doan 2013-2015'^'.
Viec di ddn tu noi khdc dgn Tay Nguyen la mpt ddi hdi khdeh quan ttong qud trinh khai thdc vd
phdt trien Tay Nguydn. Trudc day, vdi mgt dien tich til nhien gan 5,5 tiieu ha vd vdi cu dan tgi chd khoang 1 tri$u ngudi (ti^idc 1975), thi mdt ngudi cd tiie sdng ttong dien ti'eh ddt riing 5,5 ha.
Nlu dan sd tang ldn 5,5 ttieu ngudi (do di dan cd kg hoaeh va ti; do) thi mdi ngudi ehi cdn sdng ttong mOt khdng gian rimg vdi dien tich 1 ha.
Trong bdi canh nhu vay, "khdng cd chd dg duy tri che dp chigm hiiu vd quan ly sii dyng cdng ddng nhu trude"'^.
Do tinh ttang" manh ai ndy dugc" diln ra khd phd biln, dan den cdc tdc ngudi thieu sd Tdy Nguyen vdn chua thieh nghi vdi digu kien sdn xudt thi trudng hien dgi da hi "ngheo di" theo ca nghia tuong ddi va tuydt ddi, Iam tdng mdu thuSn xa hpi, tang nguy ca xung ddt xd hdi. Trong liic ty I^ sd hd ngheo myet doi d Tdy Nguyen da ^dm tii gdn 50 % ndm 2006, hien nay chi cdn dudi 15%, thi ty ie hd ngheo tuong ddi ciia ngudi dan cac tpc ngudi thieu sd, chiem tir 52% ddn 70%
ttong tdng sd hp ngheo d Tay Nguyen'^'.
6 Sdc Trdng, noi cd ddng ddng bdo Khmer smh sdng, do Igi ich cue bd dd ddn ddn nhigu trudng hpp vi pham phdp ludt ddt dai. Hien nay, tten dia bdn tinh Sde Trdng ed tten 5.300 thiia dat ciia cac td chiic dupe Nha nude giao ddt, cho thue ddt va edng nhdn quyen su dung ddt vdi tdng dien tich 11.907,69 ha. Trong dd, td chiic kmh te 266 thiia; td chiie tdn gido 711 thiia; co quan Nha nudc, td chiic chmh tri, td chiic xa hdi, td chiic chinh tti - xa hgi, td ehiic su nghiep cdng va an nmh - qudc phdng 4.337 thira... Co 299 tiuia dat dang ttanh chap, Ian chidm vdi didn tich la 182,11 ha. Cdc ca quan, td chiic dugc Nha nudc giao, cho time nhung chua sii dyng hit vdi tdng dien tich 60,73 ha (tirong duang 153 tiiua). Cd 02 td chuc kmh tg chua dua ddt vao sii dyng, dd bi cdp cd tham quygn ra quygt dinh thu hdi; 25 td chiic kmh tg sii dung ddt khdng
m
hieu qua, ttong dd thanh phd Sdc Trang cd tten 10 td chiic, till xd Vinh Chau ed 9 td chuc, huydn Long Phu ed 02 td chiic'^'... Tmh hinh sii dyng ddt sai mye dich ciia cae hd gia dmh, ed nhan a Sdc Trdng cung kha nghidm ttpng. Cac hd tu chuyin myc dich tii ddt ndng nghiep sang ldm nhd 6 vd ddt phi ndng nghidp khdc cd 10.909 hO, vdi dien tieh 279,09 ha.
2. NguySn nhSn chu yeu dan den xung d^t dat dai o' viing t$c ngudi thiiu so
Thu nhat, do gid ca d i n bii gidi phdng mdt bdng chua hpp ly. Mac du ed mdt sd it trudng hgp dugc khai tdng len dg tryc Igi, tten thue t l , gid cd bdi thudng ddt dai cho ngudi ddn chua ngang vdi gid thi trudng tgi cung thdi dilm.
Nhieu nghien cihi cho rdng gid d i n bii nhin chung dgt khoang tii 50% den 70% gid thi ttudng.
Thdhai, do ranh gidi ddt giua cac hp gia dmh, bdn, xd xdc dinh khdng rd rdng, thilu can cii phdp ly, thilu hd sa qudn ly ddt dai, thidu gidy chiing nhan quygn su dung dat hoae edp sai gidy chiing nhgn quyln sii dyng dat; edng tdc quan ly vl ddt dai ciia chinh quyln cdc cdp, nhdt la cap CO sd, dde bidt Id dat nuong ray cdn hudng Idng, ehua chdt che, mdy mdc, theo each lam a vimg ddng bdng, dd thi.
Thiiba, cd su ehdng chdo, mdu thudn giiia ludt tyc, tap quan su dung ddt vdi phdp ludt vd cdc quy phgm hdnh ehinh ttong qudn ly ddt dai vung cdc tdc ngudi thilu sd. Bd eon cdc tde ngirdi thilu sd quan niem sd hiiu ddt dai theo ludt tyc bode t^p qudn. Nhigu khu vuc, nhan dan dd smh sdng, canh tae dn dinh qua nhieu ddi nhung khi phdn chia lai dia gidi hanh chlnh da khdng tirih tdi dieu dd; ngudi dan coi dat ma hp sii dyng la eua hp, ngudi dan chua tiing lam sd dd vd ehua hiiu vg cdp sd do gdy khd khdn cho qudn ly ddt dai;
Thu tu, trong qud ttmh thuc hien cac chu truong ldn ciia Ddng vd chinh sach, phdp luat
cua Nha nudc ve ddt dai... cdc ca quan quan ly nhd nudc dd thieu chat ehe, don gian, thdm chi tiiy tien,... gay hau qua Idn eho qua trinh quan ly dat dai vg sau md viec gidi quyet ttiet d l la vd cimg khd khan va ldu dai.
Thd nim, che do quan ly dat dai thieu nhdt quan, nhigu thay ddi, ehua phu hgp vdi quan he dat dai ttong thue tiln. Hien nay, Hign phap, Lugt Ddt dai eung nhu cae nghi dinh hudng dan thi hanh vd ede quy djnh khdc ciia Nha nudc dgu chua du can cii dg giai quyet nhigu van d l ddt ra ttong xung dot dat dai ndi chung, xung dot ddt dai vung tdc ngudi thigu sd ndi rieng, dan dgn su liing tiing cua chinh quyln cdc cdp trong edng tde quan ly. Nhieu tranh chap, xung dot ddt dai keo ddi, khdng t h i gidi quygt diit diem •
(1) https://taynguyen247.com/kon-mm-dieu-tta can-bo-Iap-phuong-an-den-bu-gia-tren-troi 12003-8.html.
(2) http://thanhtra.angiang.gov.vn/wps/portaI Home/2018/chi-tiet.
(3) https://www.vietnamplus.vn/con-nhieu-ton- tai-ttong-cong-tac-quan-ly-dat-dai-o-taynguyen.
(4) Kon Tum: 13 vu, Gia Lai:12 vu; Ddk Ldk: 22 vu.
Ddk Ndng: 9 vu. Lam Ddng: 34 vu.
(5) https://baotintuc.vn/goc-nhin/he-luy-cua-nan- pha-mng-20160324215533172.htin.
(6) http://speri.org/info/354/Dat-va-rung-doi-voi- dong-bao-dan-toc-thieu-so-927.html.
(7) https://vie.vass.gov.vn/.../Van dg va quan Iy sii dung dat dai oTay Nguyen.
{8)http://daidoankeLvn/xa-hoi/ldiu-vuc-mien-tning- tay-nguyen-con- 144-ti-le-ho-ngheo tintuc407987.
(9) https://baotamguyenmoiUTJong.vn/soc-trang- con-nhieu-truong-hop-vi-pham-phap-luat-dat- dai-230581.hunl.
LfLUAN CHfNH TRI-SolO/2020
