NGHIEN CyV-TRAO Ofil
TIEP TUC DOI MOT CACH THU'C TO CHlTC QUAN LY VA HOAT DONG T H U VIEN, CHU DONG TIEP CAN CUOC CACH MANG CONG NGHIEP L^N THLT TU"
ThS. Kieu Thuy Nga, ThS, Le PUc Thang Thu vien Qudc gia Viet Nam
Tom (at:
Cuoc each mang cong nghiep Ian thu" tu' vdi nhOhg cong nghe mdi dang dien ra manh me, tac dong tn/c tiep den moi hoat dong cua ddi song con ngu&i va xa hoi. Van de "Chuyen doi di'thich nghi" dang la xu hifdng hoat dong thu' vien tren toan the gidi tru'dc nhutig thay doi nhanh chong cua cac cdng nghe m&i.
ThWc tedo doi hoi nganh ThU vien Viet Nam can phai doi mdi to chii'c quan iy va hoat dong de phii hdp, dap lihg yeu cau cua tinh hinh mdi. Bai viet trinh bay tac dong cua cuoc each mang cong nghiep Ian th&
4 den each th&c to chut quan ly hoat dong thw vien, nhuhg thdi cd, thach thu'c, cac giai phap tiep can cuoc each mang cong nghiep 4.0. Dong thdi, cac tac gia cung du^ ra mot so kien nghi, de xuat nham tan dung toi da nhOtig Idi the, giam thieu nhOhg tac dong tieu eUc cua cuoc each mang nay tdi hoat dong thu"
vien trong thdi gian tdi.
Tit khoa: Thu vien, doi mdi, to chUc, quan ly, tiep can, each mang cdng nghiep 4.0.
Abstract:
The fourth industrial revolution with new technologies is going on strongly and directly impacting on all activities of human life and society. The issue of "Converting to adapt" is a worldwide trend of the library activities in response to rapid changes in new technologies. That fact requires Vietnamese libraries industry to renovate its management organization and activities to match and meet the requirements of the new situation. The article presents impacts of the fourth industrial revolution on how to organize and manage ttie library activities, opportunites, challenges and solutions to approach the industrial revolution 4.0. At the same time, the authors also offer a number of recommendations and suggestions to malce the most of the advantages, minimize the negative impacts of this revolution on library activities In the coming time.
Key words: Libraries, renovation, organization, management, approach, industrial revolution 4.0.
ThUvien vdi sU m§nh ciia minh da cd \rt tri, vai trd
hoat dong ciia ddi song ran ngUdi va xa hdi. "Chuyen do'i de thfch nghi" dang la xu hUdng hoat dong thu vien tren toan the gidi trUde nhijtig thay ddi rat Idn doi vdi xa hoi ndi chung, cd anh hUdng tiut ^^^^^^ ^^-^g ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ g ^^^^ ^ ^ . ^^^^ ^g^g^
tiep den chien lUde phat trien^ddi vdi van hoa, giao thong tin mdi va nhu cau tiep can, sU dung thong due, dao tao, khoa hpc cua moi quoc gia ndi neng. tin ciia xa hoi, xu hUdng md^ da dat ra yeu cau cap T u - • u - ,-' •- - U-" thiet cd nhutig ed che phan Ung phii hdp hdn ddi Trong boi canh cuoc Caeh mang cong nghiep J' c »t- . K ," , . ™ . . - ...'•..•.- - , . ',. vdi van de to ehUe quan ly hoat dong thUvien.
Ian thU t u (CMCN 4.0) vdi nhutig cong nghe mdi
dang dien ra manh me, tac dong trUc tiep den moi Hoat dong tiiU vien nUde ta trong nhutig nam
qua da ed nhijtig thay doi vutft bac tU phUdng thUc hoat dong tnjyen thong sang phUdng thUe hien dai utig dung manh me cdng nghe thong tin (CNTT), da dat duWc nhutig thanh tutj nhat (^nh, gdp phan khong nhd vao su phat tri^n kinh te, xa hoi eiia deft nude. Tuy nhien bdi canh mdi vdi sU phat trien vUdt bac cLia khoa hoc va edng nghe, dac biet la CNTT da tac ddng va lam thay doi hoat dong eiia moi nganh, moi ifnh vUe trong ddi song xa hpi, nganh ThU vien khdng nam ngoai sU tac ddng do, til" nhijtig dieu kien khach quan, nhu cau cua xa hpi, yeu cau ciia ngUdi sU dung ddi hdi nganh thU vien Viet Nam (TWN) can phai doi mdi to chu'e quan ly hoat ddng de phii hdp, dap utig yeu cau eiia tinh hinh mdi. Dong thdi hien thUe hoa chi dao cua Chfnh phii tai chi thi so 16/Cr-TTg "Ve viec tSng cUdng nang lUc tiep can cude Caeh mang Cdng nghiep Ian thU t u " ban hanh ngay 4/5/2017 [1] va Quyet ^ n h sd 4610/QD-BVHTTDL ngay 28/11/2017 ve "Dinh hUdng danh muc san pham chii lUe eua nganh van hoa, the thao va du lich giai doan 2017-2020" eua Bp Van hoa. The thao va Du iich [6], trong do Chi thi so 16/CT-TTg da dUa nhutig giai phap va nhiem vu trong tam muc tieu dUa Viet Nam bat kjp nhip dp phat trien cua khu vUc va the g i ^ , trong khi do Quyet dinh sd 4610/QD-BVHTTDL du^ ra djnh hUdng cu tiie hdn cho linh vUc thU vien do la: Cdng nghe so hoa, lUu trC, ket ndi va khai thac dS lieu Idn (Big Data) [6].
1 . Tac dong cua Caeh m^ng cong nghiep 4.0 den to chu'e, quan ly, hoat dong thu' vien
Hien nay cupc CMCN 4.0 vdi hang loat cdng nghe mcfi ed tfnh tUdng tac cao nhU: DO' lieu Idn (Big Data), Mang lUdi van vat ket noi (Internet of Things - loT), Tri tue nhan tao (Arh'ficiai Intelligence - AI), ThUc te ao (Virtual Reality - VR), ThUc te ao tang eUdng (Augmented Reality - AR), edng nghe sinh hoc. dang cd sire anh hudng ngay cae Idn den cupc song ciia con ngUdi tren quy md toan cau. CMCN 4.0 dUde dU bao se thay ddi hoan toan each song, phUdng thiTe lam viec, each giao tiep, san xuat, nghien euTu ciia con ngUdi. Dac trUng eua cupc each mang nay la dlig dung rgng rai nhuTig thanh tUu cdng nghd cao, dac biet la
CNTT, sd hoa, AI, ket ndi mang de quan tri nham tao ra nhiihg thay doi dot pha trong phat trien kinh te - xa hpi toan eau. Xet v% ban chat, CMCN 4.0 dUdc eol la bUde phat trien mdi d trinh dp cao hdn ciia kinh te tri thu'c [2].
Odi vdi hoat ddng thUviin, CMCN 4.0 dUdc dU bao se lam thay ddi each cae thU vien, trung tam thong tin to ehUc, pho bien, chia se, phan tich va xU ly thdng tin tii do tham gia vao chuol eac gia trj ma CMCN 4.0 mang lai, gdp phan vao sU phat trien kinh te, chfnh tri, xa hpi toan cau.
Khdng nam ngoai quy dao chung, cac TVWI dUdc sU doan la se chju tac ddng Idn tU cupc CMCN 4.0, dieu nay viia tao ra cd hdi va nhutig khd khan, thach thUe trong to ehUc, quan ly, hoat dong thU vien, dap iitig nhu eau ngay cang cao cua xa hoi.
Trong thUe te, gan nhu moi khau cong tac tai phan Idn cac TWN da ap dung sU tien bd ciia khoa hpc va cdng nghe, nhat la CNTT va truyen thdng. Vdi cupc CMCN 4.0, du' lieu (Data) da ti-d thanh trung tam cua moi hoat ddng, la "nhien lieu"
cho nen kinh te so mdi [8], chinh la mot yeu to eiu thanh eiia CMCN 4.0 va la y§u to vd ciing quan trong. Nhu vay thu vien da tham gia va ddng vai trd quan trong trong khau ho trd cung cap nguon thdng tin, dU lieu cho CMCN 4.0, bao gom: DU lieu ve tU lieu, du' lieu ngUdi sU dung, du' lieu san pham, dij' lieu thiet bi, dD' lieu nghien eiiU, du* lieu hoat ddng, du' lieu quan ly...
Nhu vay, chfnh CMCN 4.0 da tac ddng trUe tiep den hoat dong tai cae TWN, neu chiing ta ed phUdng thUe tiep can tot, chae chan se lam tang hieu qua khai thac, sU dung nguon thong tin khdng 15 dang dUde lutj giiJ, bao quan tai cae TWN, gdp phan vao edng cupc cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, phat trien kinh te - xa hdi eua dat nUde.
2. Thdi ed, thaeh thu'c trong quan ly va hoat dong th\i vien hien nay
Doi vdi nganh TWN, CMCN 4.0 dUdc xae dinh la mot "san chdi" Idn trong do cd thdi ed va khd khan thach thUe, nhat la trong dieu kien nhieu bat cap trong ndi tai nganh ThU vien hien tai van chu^ dUde quan tam giai quyet kip thcfi nhU: hanh lang phap ly ehuS du manh, chu^ eu the; mUe do
TapchiTHI/VllNVllTNA 1(75)
chuan hoa chuci cao; cdng dong ehUa manh; sU dau t u ehua ed tfnh lien tuc va dai han; sU phat trien khdng dong dai giua eac tiiU wen va h§ thdng tiiU vien; nhan lUc con yeu; sU phoi hdp ehua hieu qua; cdng tac tao lap, phat tnen cae bp sUu tap so eon Cham, kha nang chia se, tfch hdp du' lieu, phdi hdp hoat ddng edn thap; sU phdi hdp vdi cae nganh khac edn han che... da lam cham sU phat trien eiia thu vien so vdi khu Wc va the gidi, dong thdi da lam giam vai trd ciia thU vien ddi vdi xa hoi, thuc te ttiU vien dang thay ddi cham so vdi sU phat trien ciia xa hpi. Trong khi dd, hoat dong thU vien the gidi dang chuyen bien theo hUdng utig dung manh me sU dot pha eiia cac edng nghe mdi vao hoat ddng thU vien theo hUdng ti'eh hdp va tUdng tae cao.
Danh gia dung thUe trang, nhan dien dUde thdi cd, nhffng mat thuan Idi cung nhu thaeh thUe, se giiip nganh TWN tim ra dUdc nhUng gial phap ddi phd hieu qua vdi tac dong ciia CMCN 4.0, tham gia san chdi chung eiia nganh ThUvien khu vUe va the gidi.
2.1. Thdi ctf
- Tan dung dUde sU phat trien vUdt bae eua CNTT trong viec thu thap, to chUe va pho bien, phan phdi thdng tin, nhat la cdng nghe nhan dang thdng minh, AI...
- Tao ed hdi Idn, la yeu to thiie day nganh TWN thay doi nhan thUe, thay doi phudng thUe to ehUc, quan ly va hoat ddng thU vien.
- Giiip cae TWN nhanh chdng hoa nhap va tiep clin dddc sU tien bd eiia nganh ThU vien trong khu vUc va qudc te.
2.2. Thuan lai
- Ve nhan thUe, eac TWN cung dang cd sU tiep can rat nhanh chdng ve CMCN 4.0 thdng qua nhiiu cupc hoi thao, bao cao nghien eulj, de xuat giai phap.
- Cac TWN da cd qua trinh utig dung CNTT vao hoat ddng kha sdm, da co kinh nghiem nhat i^nh trong viec trien khai he thong CNTT trong cdng tac thU vien.
- Chfnh phii, cae Bp, Ban, Nganh quyet tam
tiiUc hien, da ed nhffng chi dao sat sao, eu the.
2.3. Khd khan va thich th&c Hien CMCN 4.0 dang dien ra tai cac nUdc phat trien nhu My, chau Au, mot so nUdc ehau A. Ben canh nhOtig ed hdi mdi, CMCN 4.0 eung dat ra cho nganh ThUvien nhieu Hiaeh tiiu'c phai ddi mat;
• Thay doi chfnh sach
Hoat dong thU vien gan lien vdi utig dung khoa hoe va cdng nghe, cae dich vu thU vien mdi eung dUdc trien khai ehu yeu tren nen tang sU phat trien eiia CNTT. Trong ky nguyen so vdi sU phat tnen nhanh chdng ciia CNTT, dSc biet la cae cdng nghe mdi noi, la nhijtig edng nghe cd tiem nang rat Idn utig dung trong hoat ddng thU vien, mdt sd edng nghe tren da dUdc utig dung hoSe thU nghiem thUc te d mot so thu vien tren the gidi, ddi hdi cd chinh sach m&i ca trong linh vUc thu vien va CNTT de ed the tiep can va utig dung eac cdng nghe nay lam tang hieu qua hoat ddng thu vien d nUde ta.
Vdi yeu cau trong viec tiep can cupc CMCN 4.0, nganh TWN can xay durig nhiJtig chfnh sach phii hdp de tan dung tdi da Idi the ciia sU phat tnen cdng nghe, nhat la trong linh viic tao lap, thu thap, xU ly va phan phdi thdng tin sd hoa, ho3e can lam ro ed sd phap ly va cac cd che de dam bao nao cho utig dung cae edng nghe tien tien trong hoat ddng thu vien?
Thaeh thUc nay se dSt ra van de hoach dinh lai chien lUde phat trien cho nganh ThU vien trong thdi gian tdi.
• Phat trien va quan ly bo su\j tap so Idn Vdi sU gia tang nhanh chdng, da dang eiia eac nguon tin va nhu cau can thu thap va quan ly thong tin eiia thU vien, tii nhutig nguon tai nguyen ndi tai ciia thUvien va ngudn thu thap tU ben ngoai nhU: Chuyen dang tai lieu; Thu thap tU Internet; DO" lieu nghien euli; DiJ' lieu md; DiJ lieu ve ngUdi sd dung; Dij' lieu tUdng tac tU cae thiet bi trong thU vien; Du' lieu mdi dUde sinh ra tu' chfnh cac he thong AI, VR, AR...
Thu thSp va quan ly diJ lieu dang sd khdng phai la mot xu hUdng mdi, nhUng eac cdng nghe
mdi, sU biing no ciia thiet bi di ddng, thiet bj ket noi Internet va utig dung cho eac thiet bi di ddng ra ddi trong thdi gian gan day da cai thien rat nhieu ed hdi thu thap, tUu trij', phan ti'ch du' lieu va tao dieu kien phd bien rpng rai dU lieu tren quy md Idn. Yeu cau dat ra lam sao de cd the thu thap, tich hdp va quan ly eac ngudn tin nay mot each hieu qua de ngUdi sU dung cd the tang eUdng tiep can va khai thac thdng tin, xet ve mat chfnh sach va ky thuaP
- Ve mat chfnh sach: Can cd cd che, chinh sach de dam bao cae hoat ddng do dUde trien khai mdt each lien tuc, da dang, ben vutig, dong thdi xae dinh pham vi uli tien va dam bao tinh phap ly trong viec thu thap dO" lieu ben trong va ben ngoai thU vien.
- Ve mat ky thuat: Can dam bao ha tang cdng nghe du manh va cac giai phap ky thuat de ed the tfch hdp diidc eac loai hinh dU li§u, tao ra nhieu dinh dang tai lieu phuc vu cae hinh thUe hien thi eiia nhieu loai hinh thiet bi truy cap, bao quan sd, duy tri va gia tang them gia tri cho kho du' lieu ky thuat so de duy tri lau dai cae bd sUu tap sd.
• Lam ehu cong nghe mdi
CMCN 4.0 vdi nhij'ng cdng nghe mdi ndi dat ra nhiJtig thach thUe mdi cho sU phat tnen thu vien tren the gidi eiJng nhU d nUde ta, da cd nhOtig san pham eu the ciia eac cdng nghe nay dUdc Uhg dung thUc te hoac dang trong qua trinh thU nghiem tai eac thu vien, vien nghien eUu, cae hang edng nghe tren the gidi.
Cae xu hUdng cdng nghe dUdi day can dUde ehu ddng ti'm hieu, nghien cUu, Ung dung mdt each phii hdp: Mang lUdi van vat ket ndi; Tri tue nhan tao; Dti' lieu Idn...
- Mang lUdi van vat ket ndi (Internet of Things - l o T )
Trong nhUng nam gan day, loT dUde n§u ra tai nhieu hoi nghj qudc te ve thU vien va trd thanh mot ehii de dUde quan tam ciia cac hiep hdi thu vien tren the gidi, dUde eac chuy§n gia ve thUvien nghien eUu trien vpng, tiem nang, dong thdi thao luan mot each tfch eUc de xae djnh
pham vi cd the va eac hinh thii'e utig dung cdng nghe nay vao viec trien khai eac dich vu thU vien.
Tien xa hdn da ed nhijtig Ung dung loT dau tien uhg dung trong hoat ddng thUvien giup ngUdi sU dung tim kiem cac tai nguyen va md rpng sd thieh eiia ho vdi cac gdi y theo ngij" canh [11], hay nhan thdng bao ca nhan va thdng bao theo ngu' canh (hoat ddng, sU kien, tUdng tac...) tU thU vien [20].
- Tri tue nhan tao (ArtiifTcial Intelligence - AI) Hien tai AI dUde coi la mot trong sau cdng nghe sin sang tac ddng den eac chien lUde, hoat dong va dich vu eiia thU vien lien quan den hpc tap, sang tao, nghien CLJli va quan tri thdng tin [17]. Va AI cung dddc coi la 1 trong 10 cdng nghe tien tien diidc ap dung trong thU vien tUdng lai [19].
AI da dUde IFLA nhan dinh la 1 trong 4 xu hUdng cdng nghe quan trong se anh hUdng Idn den hoat ddng thU vien toan eau (DiJ' lieu Idn;
Thiet bi dl ddng; AI va In 3D) tai Bao cao xu hUdng IFLA (cap nhat 2018) [15] va IFLA cung nhan dinh nhijtig tien bd trong nghien eiiU, Ung dung ve AI se hda hen sU dot pha trong viec phan tfch dti' lieu va phat tnen cac the he cdng cu tim kiem thdng tin mdi [9].
- DU lieu Idn (Big Data)
Du' lieu Idn trong hoat ddng thU vien cung la chii de "hot" dang dUde cae chuyen gia thao luan tfch cue tren pham vi toan the gidi. NhU da de cap d tren, dO' lieu Idn eung la mdt trong nhutig xu hUdng chinh dUdc IFLA quan tam va to ehUe cae eupe thao luan nhuhg khfa canh da dang ciia dLJ" lieu Idn trong hoat ddng thu vien [10].
Vdi tiem nang iihg dung rat Idn ciia dti' lieu Idn trong hoat ddng thu vien, tuy nhien se phat sinh nhieu van de mdi can dude nghien cirlj, dd la: PhUdng phap, each thUc tiep can; SU tac dong true tiep va gian tiep ciia dti' lieu Idn ddi vdi to chUe, quan ly va hoat ddng thU vien; Vai trd mdi va cd hpi cho ngUdi lam thU vien; Giai phap ky thuat cho thu thap, quan ly va phan phdi bp sUu tap sd Idn;
Cd sd ha tang mang thU vien de ehia se va tai sU dung dU lieu Idn; Tfnh phap ly trong viee thu thap.
Tap chi THtf VIEN V I | T N * 1(75)
quan ly va phan phdi dH lieu Idn,.
• Tfch hdp dt/iieu, tim kiem tap trung To chUc tim kiem va hien thj thdng tin eiia moi nguon tai nguyen thU vien thdng qua mdt nen tang (platform) duy nhat nhU la cae he thdng "one search" - mot nen tang tim kiem tong hdp hau het cac tai nguyen dUdi dang dien tU va tai lieu dang in an eiia thU vien (Sach; Tap chf; Bai trfeh; Tai lieu nghe nhin; Tranh anh; Bao; Ho sd; trang web.
Tap chi dien tU..,), lam cho chung cd the tim kiem dUdc cung mdt luc tU mdt vj trf trung tam. Tfch hdp moi nguon diJ" lieu va quan ly dUde chiing se ho trd cae he thdng cong nghe mdi co sU dung AI tien hanh xU ly va phan tich dU lieu tren quy md Idn dUde thuan Idi.
He thdng tim kiem tap trung khdng phai la cdng nghe mdi, tuy nhlen vdi sU phat trien nhanh chdng cua khoa hoc va cdng nghe vdi eac he thdng thdng minh nhan tao, he thong "one search" vdi mdt nen tim kiem dU lieu tap trung se trd giup, rut ngan qua trinh tim kiem, to ehUc, phan tfch dU lieu phuc vu cho cdng tac nghien cirli. Ap dung edng nghe mdi se dan den nhutig dot pha trong quan ly dU lieu so, ket qua tim kiem se chfnh xae hdn va cho phep eac thUvien quan ly va hien thj tai nguyen cd lien quan vdi he thdng quan ly trfch dan khoa hpc mot each hieu qua hdn.
• Chuyen doi khong gian thU vien Chuyen doi khdng gian thUvlen la yeu eau bat budc trong thdi dai edng nghe sd. Khdng gian mdi can dUdc tang cUdng cho Ung dung sd, thiet bi cong nghe hien dai, do do thU vien can djnh hinh lai cac djch vu, ddi mdi mdi trUdng doe, khdng gian thUvien theo hudng tang cUdng cac dich vu sd, nhat la tap trung vao da djch vu trong mot khdng gian, hoac cac dich vu trai nghiem, nhU:
- Khdng gian truy cap cae nguon lUc thdng tin:
Xay dUng khdng gian mang tfnh ket ndi cao giUa tai lieu truyen thong va cac nguon thdng tin sd, dam bao tfnh tap trung.
- Khdng gian hpc tap, giao due: Khdng gian hoe tap, giao due can dUdc thiet ke lai de cd the ket ndi dUde cac hoat dong hoc tap, nghien ctjli mot each thuan Idi va lien maeh, gan lien vdi cac
djch vu thU vien, bao gdm: cung cap tai lieu, truy cap cae ed sd du" lieu, eung cap may tinh, wifi, thiet bi truy cap Internet, thiet b| ho trd trinh chieu, d dien, cac thiet bi tap thuyet trinh...
- Khdng gian chia se tn thUc: Khdng gian ket hdp cae thiet bj cdng nghe vdi nguon tai nguyen tri thUc ciia thUvien va cac hoat ddng mang tinh dinh hUdng va truyen cam hUng de tao nen mot khdng gian hoc tap, ehia se tri thUc.
- Khdng gian sang tao, phUc hdp, da ehUe nang: Khdng gian thU vien phuc vu nhieu hoat ddng, dam bao sU trai nghiem eiia ngUdi sU dung trong mdt khdng gian tien ich vdi cac edng cu ho trd: chdi nhae, xem phim, nghe nhae, cong cu thf nghiem, lap rap...
- Khong gian sinh hoat cdng ddng; Tao khdng gian de cdng dong dan cU hdi hop, gap gd, giao lUu, sinh hoat tao nen cae quan he xa hpl, la ndi phd bien cac kien thUc pho thdng. ThU vien can dupe coi la "trai tim" ciia cdng ddng, tU dd xay dUng eac ke hoach hoat dong de cd the can bang giQ'a djch vu thU vien va nhu eau ciia dia phUdng.
• Doi mdi cung cap dich vu
Can xae djnh rang hoat ddng thU vien trong ky nguyen sd vdi sU tac dong ciia cdng nghe mdi chae chan se thay doi each ma thU vien cung cap thdng tin tdi ngUdi sU dung, ben canh cac djCh vu eung cap thdng tin truyen thdng nhU: MUdn tai lieu, truy cap Internet; khao cu\j; doc bao, tap chf;
cung cap thong tin da phUdng ti§n; in va sao chup tai lieu... dich vu truy cap sd can phai thay doi mang tinh dot pha, dap utig yeu cau cua ngUdi sU dung va phii hdp vdi each thUc, phUdng tien ma ngUdi sU dung truy cap thong tin, mat khac dam bao kha nang cho ngUdi sU dung danh gia, tUdng tac den cac ngudn tin cua thU vien rat quan trong.
Mot sd yeu eau bUdc dau cho viec doi mdi va tang cUdng cung cap cac dich vu thu vien trong mdi trUdng sd, day cung la thaeh thUe Idn ma cae TWN can quan tam la:
- Thay ddi phUdng thut van hanh thUvien theo hudng quan tr| tri thUc, trien khai dich vu sd eung cap kha nang truy cap cho ca nhan, to chUe va
cae he thdng thdng tin sd ed the tfch hdp va khai tiiae thdng tin.
- Trien khai va day manh cac dich vu ho trd nghien culi can coi thu vien la mot m i t xich trong quy trinh nghien cihj va co tac ddng trong ehuoi gia trj nghien CUIJ.
- Tang eUdng trien khai utig dung di ddng.
- Ho trd manh me va tich cUc tnen khai truy cap md (Open Access).
- Day manh trien khai mUdn lien thU vien (dang in va dang sd).
- Ho trd, hoac eung cap cae khoa hoc trUc tuyen (Online Learning).
Ngoai ra, phUdng thUe van hanh thUvien thay ddi tneo xu hudng edng nghe cung nhU nhu cau ciia ngudi sU dung, do dd thU vien eung can nghien CLJU XU hudng cua xa hpi, doi mdi va trien khai cac djch vu thu vien tren nen tang mang xa hdi, Trien khai dieh vu thu vien tren mdi trUdng sd cd sU thay ddi nhanh chdng la cdng vide khdng de dang, tuy nhien viec thay dd'l la bat budc neu thU vien mudn dap Ung eac yeu eau va xae djnh VI b"f, vai trd ciia minh vdi xa hdi.
• Truy cap md
Truy cap md (Open Access) la quyen truy cap miln phi vao thdng tin va sU dung tai nguyen dien tU khdng han che cho tat ca moi ngudi. Bat ky loai ndi dung ky thuat ^ nao eting ed the la truy cap md, tU van ban va dU lieu den phan mem, am tiianh, video va da phUdng tien... [21].
Truy cap md dUde phan phoi trUe tuyen va cd the bd sung giay phep Creative Commons de thuc day tai sUdung.
Truy cap md dang cd xu hUdng phat trien manh, dSc biet la trong giao due va nghien culi, vay thU vien can cd vai tro nhu the nao doi vdi truy cap md?
Trong tuyen bd ciia IFLA ve tiep can md [14], IFLA cam ket cae nguyen tac tU do tiep can thdng tin va tin rang viee truy cap thdng tin phd cap va edng bang rat quan trong cho xa hdi, giao due, van hoa, dan ehu va kinh te eiia con ngUdI, cdng
ddng va to chUc.
Truy cap md vdi lUdng thdng tin sd Idn cd the dddc truy cap de dang va tU do phat trien da tac ddng va gay ap lUc ngay cang ting len ddi vdi hoat ddng thu vien trong viec to ehUc, trien khai truy cap md, bdi khi xu hudng truy cap md ting len, cd the vai trd truyen thdng ciia thU vien se bj giam bdt, dong thdi se tac dong true tiep den ngUdi lam thu vien trong truy cap md vdi vai trd ket ndi nghien eUu, cdng bdva pho bien rpng rai.
Ddi vdi truy cap md, viec danh gia, lUa chon nguon va cung cap quyen truy cap cho ngUdi sii' dung thu vien khdng phai la de dang cho cae thu vien. Xu hudng truy cap md nay can cd dpi ngu chuyen mon trong viec danh gia npi dung rat da dang vdi nhieu mUe dp, do vay vai trd va nang lUc eiia ngUdi lam thU vien se diidc dinh nghTa lai.
• Bao quan tai lieu so
Bao quan tai lieu so la sU ket hdp giu^ chinh sach, chien lUdcva hanh ddng nham dam bao ndi dung tai lieu sd dUde bao quan dai lau, bat ke nhutig thay ddi ve edng nghe va tuoi thp ciia cac phUdng tien lUu trtj'. Bao quan tai lieu sd cijng dUde hieu la quan ly vdng ddi ciia tai lieu so.
Quan ly vdng ddi ciia tai lieu sd bao gom: Thu thap; Cung cap kha nang truy cap; Quan tri; Ho trd; Danh gia; Lam mdi [12].
Nhu vay, thaeh thUc de quan ly vdng ddi ciia tai lieu sd hieu qua can phai cd tam nhin dai han, ke hoach va giai phap hdp ly de ddi phd, cac khia canh lien quan den tai lieu sd la [11]:
- Phu thupc vao may mdc: De truy cap vao tai lieu sd yeu cau phan eiihg va phan mem cu the.
- SU mdng manh ciia thiet bi sd: Cac tai lieu sd dUdc lUu triJ tren nen tang von khong on dinh va khdng cd dieu kien bao quan phu hdp va ed the bi hdng ben trong ngay khi khong cd dau hieu tac ddng tU ben ngoai,
- Tuoi thp ngan cua thiet bi sd: SU de dang thay ddi dan den nhij'ng thach thUc lien quan tdi viec dam bao tfnh toan ven, tfnh xae thUe va ljch sU eiia tai lieu sd.
- Dinh dang va loai hinh: Tai lieu so can dUde
TapchiTHi/VllNVllTN' 1(75)
quyet (Jjnh dinh dang (format) va loai hinh (type) phii hdp ngay tU giai doan dau eua eac chUdng trinh bao quan sd, bdi dinh dang sd va loai hinh se dam bao chat lUdng trong qua trinh pho bien va ehuyen ddi phii hdp vdi edng nghe trong tUdng lai.
• An ninh, an toan diyiieu
CNTT va truyen thdng, dac biet la cae cdng nghe mdi noi da giup to chUc, quan ly, tnen khai hoat ddng thU vien tren mdi trUdng so, gdp phan lam tang hieu qua hoat ddng thu vien, tuy nhien eung vdi nhUng mat tich cUe, thi hoat ddng thu vien sd cung ddi mat vdi nhieu nguy cd, thach thUc hien htili va tiem an ve an ninh, an toan.
Day dUdc coi la mot trong nhtihg van de quan trong nhat ddi vdi thu vien sd. Neu hoat ddng thU vien sd khdng dUdc trang bi cae cd che bao ve hulj hieu, nguy cd bi mat mat, pha hoai, thay ddi thdng tin cao, rat khd de khac phuc, anh hUdng rat Idn den hoat ddng ciia thU vien. Do dd, thach thUe Idn trong edng tac an ninh, an toan thU vien sd ndi chung va du' lieu sd ndi rieng la:
- Dam bao hoat dong dn dinh eiia he thong CNTT va hoat ddng thU vien sd mot each thdng suot va on djnh.
- ThU vien so vdi tai nguyen sd quan trong va rat de bi tan cdng, danh cap, do do can dam bao sU an toan cho eac bd suli tap sd va eac cd sd dO' lieu.
- Phdng, tranh giam thieu cac riii ro, mat mat dU lieu hoac dinh ire hoat ddng.
- Cung cd nang lUc hoat ddng noi ehung ciia ddn vi cung nhU nang lUc hoat ddng ciia thU vien so, nang cao vai trd, uy tfn va sUtin cay eua Lanh dao ddn vi va ngudi sU dung.
Ket ndi nhieu thiet b\, dam bao da truy cap, kha nang tUdng tac Idn vdi thdng tin can diidc truy cap moi liie, moi ndi, vUa cd Idi, viia dat ra thach thUc Idn va bao mat thdng tin, an toan, an ninh dU lieu la mot trong nhijhg mdi quan tam hang dau ciia thU vien.
• Nhan life
Trong ky nguyen sd, hoat ddng thU vien gSn lien vdi CNTT da djnh nghTa lai vai trd cua ngudi lam thu vien va dat ra nhieu thach thUc Idn ddi v ^ nhan lUc thU vien tren eac khia canh ve trinh dp quan ly, kha ning lam ehii cdng nghe va trien khai cac djch vu sd, m i t khac, thu vien cung phai ddi mat vdi sU canh tranh gay gat ve nguon nhan lUe ed trinh dp edng nghe cao vdi nhuhg Ifnh vut khac, ndi cd cd hpi phat trien ca nhan va thu nhap cao hdn, thUc te trong nhtitig nam qua va hien nay, thu nhap thap la nguyen nhan eiia viee ed nhieu ngUdi lam thU vien ed trinh dp kha ve tin hoc va nghiep vu rdi bd thU vien. Day la mdt trong nhuhg thach thUe Idn ma TWN phai ddi mat.
Giai quyet bai toan nguon nhan lUc de sin sang tham gia cuoc CMCN 4.0 ddi hdi nhan lUe thU vien ran dUde trang bj nhuhg ky nang mdi dam bao vai trd nhU la "lanh dao sd" va "thii thu so", mot sd nhiem vu dUde dat ra la:
- NgUdi lam thU vien can dUde trang bi nhuhg kien thUe, hieu biet ve dU lieu, cong nghe, ky nang giao tiep, ky nang sd, ky nang to ehUc du' lieu va trien khai dich vu so,., [12].
- Ludn cap nhat xu hudng nghien euli va khang dinh vai trd eiia ngUdi lam thU vien trong chu trinh nghien cirli (phai la mat xich trong qua trinh nghien cUu) [18].
- Cap nhat cac thay doi ve chinh sach: Luat CNTT; Luat Sd hChj tri tue, Luat An ninh mang;
Luat An toan thdng tin mang; Luat Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe, Luat Giao due, Luat Vien ehUc,. va cac van ban phap quy nganh, van ban hUdng dan, cht dao hoat ddng,
- Odi vdi can bd quan ly can eal thien ky nang quan ly bdi thu vien boat ddng vdi mdi trUdng cong nghe hien dai, tUdng tae nhieu tren mdi trUdng trUc tuyen. Vi vay dat ra yeu cau cao ve quan ly hoat ddng, (3dng thdi danh gia dUde hieu qua va hieu suat lam viee ciia nhan vien.
Xu the edng nghe mdi chae chin ed cau nguon nhan lUe se phai thay doi de phii hdp vdi thUc tien, cac thach thUc tren can cd nhOhg chfnh sach phii hdp de phat tnen ngudn nhan lUe theo kjp sU phat trien ciia cong nghe va xa hoi.
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3. Cac giai phap chu dong tiep e|in Caeh mang cong nghiep 4.0
Oe chii ddng nam bat cd hdi, de xuat cae giai phap thiet thUc cd tfnh kha thi, tan dung tdi da eac Idi the, giam thieu nhCrhg tac ddng tieu cue ciia cuoc CMCN 4.0 ddi vdi Viet Nam, dong thdi de eac TWN hoat ddng cd hieu qua vdi sU menh ljch sU mdi, cd ddng gdp quan trong vao nen kinh te-xa hoi, khoa hpc - giao due, ky thuat, yte,.. ciia dat nUde trong bdi canh CNTT phat trien nhanh chdng va cupc CMCN 4.0 dang dien ra, cac giai phap eu the can thUe hien nhU sau:
Mot la: B6i mdi, hoan thien hanh lang phap ty, hoan thien diinh sadi, nang cao hieu li/c, hieu qua quan ly nha nu'dc
Hoat ddng thU vien hien tai va trong tUdng lai van phu thupc Idn va gan bd chit che vdi viee Ung dung CNTT, dac biet trong ky nguyen sd, viec thu thap, quan ly, pho bien thdng tin mot each rgng rai cd vai trd rat quan trong ciia cdng nghe mdi, trong ky nguyen sd vdi sU phat trien nhanh chdng eiia CNTT, dac biet la cae edng nghe mdi ndi ddi hdi cd chinh sach mdi phu hdp (ca trong linh vUe thU vien va CNTT) de tan dung toi da Idi the ciia sU phat trien cdng nghe, nhat la trong linh vUc tao lap, thu thap, xii ly va phan phdi thdng tin sd hoa mdt each tU ddng, ehii ddng vdi nhieu phUdng thUe phii hdp trong tUng dieu kien cu the. NhU vay chinh sach, hanh lang phap ly va eac cd che de dam bao phai di trUde mot budc, tao cd sd phap ly vUng chae de cae hoat ddng dd cd the trien khai mot each hieu qua trong thUc tien hoat ddng thu vien.
Tien hanh ddi mdi, sUa doi cae van ban phap quy ed lien quan den hoat ddng thU vien, ting cUdng ngan sach, tao chfnh sach thuan Idi cho sU phat trien cae he thdng, loai hinh thU vien ndi Chung va hoat ddng ciia cae thu vien ndi rieng, ddng thdi nang cao hieu qua cdng tac quan ly nha nUdc.
Hai la: £>6'i mdi tu' duy lanh dao, quan trj CMCN 4.0 vdi Idi the ve su phat trien cao ciia cdng nghe, can dUdc xem la cd hpi to Idn de phat trien thUvien, riit ngan khoang each gitJa thUvien
vdi cac nganh, ITnh vUc kinh te khac, giCi'a nganh ThU vien trong nUde, khu vUc va qudc te.
Tien bg CNTT da lam thay doi mdi trUdng van hanh ciia to ehUe ndi chung va thU vien ndi rieng, nhijhg quy tae lam viee mdi phat sinh ma tirhg to chUe phai tiep thu va tU bien doi chinh minh.
Chinh vi vay ma ngUdi lanh dao, nha quan tri can dUde trang bj tU duy he thdng, toan dien va chien lUdc de xem xet mgi bien doi dang xay ra, tU dd t u thfch uhg to ehUc eiia minh vdi nhutig thay doi mdi.
Doi mdi to chUe quan ly hoat dong TWN, lay uhg dung CNTT lam ddng lUe chfnh va can dUdc thUe hien mot each toan dien tU eon ngUdi, ha tang edng nghe, each thUc van hanh, cd che tnen khai hoat ddng, dich vu... Tuy nhien quan trong nhat van la doi mdi nhan thUe, hinh thanh tU duy lanh dao mdi, t u duy lanh dao, quan tri tren nen cdng nghe, trd thanh "lanh dao sd", "quan tri tri thUc", phii hdp vdi sU thay doi nhanh chdng ciia cong nghe va cac tieu chuan nghiep vu, coi day nhu sU "tai cau true" thu vien dap Ung tinh hinh mdi, nhUng van dam bao bam sat chii trUdng dd'l mdi cua Dang, Chinh phii, ed ed che dieu chinh cho phii hdp nhanh chdng vdi thUe tien.
Ba la: Doi mdi to' chu'e quan ly hoat dgng Thay vi to ehUc hoat ddng theo phUdng thUe truyen thdng, phUdng thUc cung cap thdng tin mot each bj ddng, trong bdi canh mdi, thu vien can doi mdi theo hudng quan tri tri thUc, quan tri diJ lieu, to chUc eac dieh vu ket ndi so tren quy md Idn, eung cap dU lieu cho cac he thdng thu thap, phan tfch thdng tin tU ddng thong qua eac cdng nghe mdi, thdng minh nhU AI, dti' lieu Idn, loT., Ddng thdi, thU vien eung can dinh hinh lai chUc nang, nhiem vu, tang cUdng eac dieu kien de ho trd cho viee hoc tap ngoai nha trUdng, hpc tap suot ddi; cung cap hoac tao dieu kien de ngUdi dan cd the tham gia cae khoa hpc trUe tuyen; tham gia to chUe, cd vai tro quan trong ddi vdi ngudn md va truy cap md.
Theo dd, de thUc hien hieu qua hoat ddng thU vien trong bdi canh mdi, nhat thiet can lay CNTT lam ddng luc doi mdi, trien khai cae djch vu mdi, ddng thdi nang cao ning lUc quan ly, lanh dao
TapchiTHl/VllNVllT 1(75) 11
trong moi trUdng so.
Bon la: Xay duiig 1am nhin, chien iuVc lau dai, muc tieu cu the
Xay dUng lam nhin, muc tieu cu the dang la diem yeu ciia nganh ThU vien nUde ta, ciing vdi cham ddi mdi, sUc i Idn. Mot khi da xay dijhg dUdc tam nhin, muc tieu eu the thi can thiet phai xay dUng chien lUde de thUe hien muc tieu can hudng tcfi. Muc tieu la mdt trong nhiJng thanh to quan trong cd y nghTa quyet dinh ciia qua trinh phat trien thU vien, no quy dinh noi dung, phUdng phap, hinh thUc to chUe hoat ddng thU vien. La yeu to dU kien, dU bao ve ket qua, do dd muc tieu lien quan den viec phat huy sUe manh npi lUc, ngoai lUc, sUe manh tong the, la van de then chdt trong chien lUdc phat tn^n nganh ThU vien tnDng moi giai doan nhat djnh.
Nhu vay, viec xae djnh dung d i n muc tieu phu hdp vdi sU phat trien thdi dai eiia dat nUdc di djnh hudng cho hoat ddng thUvien, die biet hien nay, tren the gidi, CMCN 4.0 dang anh hudng Idn den moi finh vUc ciia ddi song xa hpl, lam thay ddi chien lUde eiia mpi nganh, moi linh vUe tren quy md toan the gidi, trUde xu the phat trien nhanh chdng ciia khoa hoe cdng nghe, nganh thU vien can ed tam nhin, dat ra dUdc nhuhg muc tieu eu the va xay dung nhiihg chien lUdc phat tnen mdt each toan dien.
Nam la: Ooi mcS cong nghe, tap trung hoa, tang cu'dng lien ket, chia se
Qua trinh hdn 30 nam Ung dung CNTT vao hoat ddng TWN da giup nganh Thu vien cd nhiihg budc phat trien vUdt bae nhtihg nim qua, da ho trd thUvien thUe hien vai trd xa hdi eiia minh. Tuy nhien trong thUe te nhiihg nSm gan day, viee Ung dung CNTT trong hoat ddng thU vien van mang tinh rdi rac, tuy tiihg dieu kien ciia moi cd quan, ddn v|, su phat trien khdng ddng deu, khdng dong bd, nhieu khi khdng dat tieu chuan, do do chi dap uhg trong mdt dieu kien nhat dinh vdi pham vi hep.
Oe tiep tuc tan dung Idi the cua edng nghe mdi trong CMCN 4.0, nganh ThU vien phai tiep tue day manh uhg dung CNTT, doi mdi cdng nghe.
tap trung vao eac edng nghe mdi noi hoac dang cd tiem nang iihg dung Idn trong boat ddng thU vien. Odi mdi phUdng thUc iihg dung CNTT trong hoat dong thU vien theo hUdng tap trung hoa, mdt sd hang muc ha tang cdng nghe ed the thue ngoai, diing chung de tang eUdng tfnh hieu qua, dong thdi giam ap lUc ve ngan sach dau tU eung nhU nhan lUe van hanh, boat ddng thU vien nen cht tap trung trien khai eac djch vu thU vien.
Mat khac ddi mdi cdng nghe ho trd hoat ddng thu vien can theo hUdng ddng bg, hien dai, co the ting cUdng diidc tinh lien ket, ehia se, dap Ung hdi nhap trong nUde, quoc te va nhu cau khai thac thdng tin phuc vu nghien eUu khoa hoc, giao due, dao tao, v i n hoa cua xa hoi, phii hdp vdi dieu kien kinh te xa hdi cua Viet Nam, phii hdp vdi quy hoach phat trien bd nganh, dja phUdng.
Sau la: Tang cu'dng nguon tai nguyen, giai quyet van de ban quyen, dSy manh nguon md, truy cap md
Tai nguyen thU vien la mdt trong nhtihg thanh phan quan trong nhat eua thUvien, nhu vay, khong cd tai nguyen, thU vien khdng the van hanh, hoat ddng. Tai nguyen ft, han che chae chan se dan tdi hieu qua hoat ddng thap, tuy nhien d chieu ngudc lai cd ngudn tai nguyen Idn chUa chSe hieu qua hoat dong se cao.
Ciing vdi ed sd vat chat, ha tang cong nghe, chat lUdng nguon nhan Ve, nguon tai nguyen thdng tin, tai lieu ngheo nan, lac hau, ddn dieu la thUe trang phd bien ciia eac TWN hien nay. Day la mdt trong nhti'ng nguyen nhan eiia tinh trang lUdng ngudi sU dung thu vien ed xu hUdng ngay cang giam manh, thu vien khong the canh ti-anh dUdc vdi cac hinh thUc eung cap thdng tin hien dai khac nhu truyen thdng da phUdng tien, mang xa hoi, cae bp may tim kiem thdng tin, uhg dung dien thoai, thiet bj thdng minh..
Van de ban quyen la mot tnDng nhuhg khd khin, trd ngai Idn eua hoat ddng thu vien hien nay, tac ddng Idn den viec phat trien ngudn tai nguyen sd cung nhu chinh sach tnen khai cac dich vu thU vien. ThUe te eac dieu khoan quy djnh ve sd htilj tri tue ciia cae vin ban phap quy trong nUdc va qudc te, nhieu ndi dung khdng quy dinh cu the
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hoic khdng cd hudng dan thUc hien da bd budc va gan nhu ngan can cdng tac dap iihg thdng tin dang so trong hoat ddng thU vien, den nay van ehua ed phUdng an kha thi de thao gd bat cap nay.
De tiep tue khang dinh vj trf, vai trd ciia thu vien trong ky nguyen sd, trong bdi canh du" lieu dUcJc coi la "nhien lieu" cho CMCN 4.0, phat huy uli diem eiia thU vien ve tinh tin cay, xae thUe, san ed, tinh chuyen gia, hoa tieu, djnh hUdng...
can cd each thUc dot phat trong chinh sach eting nhu trong edng tac phat trien, bd sung, thu thap, to ehUc, phd bien ^ i nguyen thdng tin, die biet can ddi mdi ap dung cdng nghe tien tien ho trd, trUdc mat can tang cUdng ngudn tai nguyen dang s6 d^ phat huy Uu diem ciia loai thdng tin nay;
day manh thu thap va ho trd phat trien nguon md va truy cap md, dan tiihg bUde giai quy§t van de ban quyen.
Bay la: Tang cu'dng chuan hoa Hien nay, chuan hoa nghiep vu eung dang la diem yeu ciia TWN dac biet la chuan nghiep vu va chuan uhg dung CNTT trong thU vien dien tU, thu vi^n sd, dan den viec khd khan cho cdng tac lien thong, tich hdp, chia se, diing chung tai nguyen thdng tin. Nguyen nhan chfnh la do ed sU phat trien khdng ddng deu trong eac he thdng thu vien, loai hinh thU vien; i^eu kien ha tang edng nghe, ngan saeh, kinh phi, nhan lUc... chu^
bao dam de ed the trien khai chuan hoa; mat khac do cac thu vien nhan thUe chuS day dii ve vai trd, tae dung cua chuan hoa.
Do dd, trong thdi gian tdi can thue hien day dii, day manh ap dung cae chuan nghiep vu, chuan utig dung CNTT vao eac hoat ddng thU vien de thong nhat quy trinh, san pham, dich vu.,. tao dieu kien thuan Idi cho cdng tae sU dung, khai thac.
Tam la: Doi mdi phUdng thitc cung cap djch vu, tang cu'dng nghien ct/u khoa hoc
Ooi mdi phUdng thUe eung cap djch vu la van de cap thiet, thu vien can djnh hinh lai eac djch vu, da dang hoa, xay dUng san pham va djch vu mdi, day manh trien khai dich vu trUe tuyen, t i n g cUdng sU ehii ddng " t u phue vu" eiia ngUdi sU dung, tang cUdng gia trj gia tang ciia dich vu, ho
trd tfch cUc nghien culi, trong do thU vien can ed vai trd la mat xfch quan trong trong ehu trinh nghien cuh va san pham khoa hpc. Ooi mdi hinh thUe ti-uy cap, doi mdi khdng gian, doi mdi theo hudng ho trd tdl da va tang eUdng sU tiep can, khai thac thdng tin ciia ngUdi sU dung, hUdng den edng dong.
Dd' ddi mdi thanh cdng, ben canh viec tiep tuc nang cao chat lUdng boat ddng, da dang hoa cae loai hinh san pham va dieh vu, thU vien ran day manh edng tac nghien culi khoa hoc; nghien eUu xu hudng truy cap; tim kiem thdng tin ciia ngUdi sU dung de ed nhtihg phUdng an kip thdi, hdp ly.
Nghien ciHi khoa hpc la ddng lUc quan trong de thiie day toan bd cae hoat ddng nghiep vu, quan ly, trong tam can tap trung nghien cUu, de xuat cac giai phap mdi, cdng nghe mdi ho tr<i cho boat ddng trien khai cac dieh vu va cdng tac quan ly, hudng den nang cao chat lUdng, hieu qua hoat ddng; ngoai ra can tich eUe tham gia cae hdi nghj, hdi thao trong va ngoai nUde, tang eUdng hieu biet, trao doi kinh nghiem, nam bat xu hUdng hoat ddng nganh Thu vien trong nUdc, khu vuc va quoc te.
Mat khac can day manh edng tae truyen thdng lam cho xa hdi nhan thUe lai vai trd eiia thUvlen;
marketing san pham va djch vu thU vien; to ehUc tot eac hoat ddng chuyen mdn, nghiep vu; tang CUdng eac sU kien van hoa, tri thUe, edng dong.
Chin la: Tang cu'dng hap tac, xa hdi hoa hoat dong thu' vien
Hdp tae, xa hpl hoa trong hoat ddng thU vien da khang dinh dUde hieu qua to Idn ddi vdi nganh ThU vien trong nhtihg nam gan day, the hien thdng qua mdt loat cac dU an: Tang cUdng nguon thdng tin sach ngoai van eua Quy Chau A; Cac du an dao tao nhan lUc ve tieng Anh va nghi§p vu thU vien cua chfnh phu An Op; DU an Nang cao kha nang sU dung may tfnh va truy nhap Internet cong cdng tai Viet Nam ciia Quy Bill & Melinda Gates; DU an Khdng gian tri thUc S-hub, ThU vien thieu nhi, thUvlen thdng minh ciia Samsung; Xe thU vien lull ddng,.. va cac dU an khac cho thU vien cua cae nha tai trd trong va ngoai nUdc da tang eUdng dUdc cd sd vat chat, ha tang cdng
TapchiTHU'Vl|NVl|TN 1(75) 13
nghe, mdi trUdng tri thUe, nguon lUc thdng tin tai cac thU vien. Do do trong thdi gian tdi, cdng tac hdp tac can tiep tue dUcJc coi trong va day manh tren cd sd phat huy tdl da nguon lUc dUde ho trd, thuc hien hieu qua cae cam ket, thoa thuan vdi ddi tae, ddng thdi can tiep tue xay duhg nhutig du an mdi, tim kiem ddi tae mdi tham gia ho trd boat dong thUvien.
Song song vdi viec ting cUdng hdp tae, xa hdi hoa hoat ddng thU vien, can chii trang ting cUdng xay duhg, phat tri^n cdng dong ho trd hoat dong thU vien nhu ddi tinh nguyen vien, ehuyen gia tU van, cau lac bo, mang lUdi ban doc yeu sach, yeu thU vien..
Mu'di la: Doi mdi dao tao
Trong tiiUe te, hoat ddng thU vien khdng chi lien quan den khoa hoc thU vien ma nd gan lien va lien quan chit che den nhieu ITnh vUc nhU khoa hoc tU nhien (sap xep khoa hpc, CNTT, phan tfch du" lieu, t u dong hoa..,), khoa hoc xa hdi (giao due, van hoa, nhu cau xa hgi,.,), kinh te (marketing, truyen thdng, dieh vu..,).
Mdt trong nhtihg han che, bift cap Idn eiia nhan lUe thU vien nUde ta la han che ve trinh dp CNTT, marketing, truyen thdng.,. Nhutig nam qua, tuy da dat dUde mdt sd thanh tUU nhat djnh, nhuhg thUe te van con nhieu yeu kem, nguon nhan lUe thUc hien cae mang cdng tac nay viia thieu, viia yeu, cd sU bien dong cao, nhat la nhan lUc ed trinh dp ve cdng nghe. Mdt trong nhtihg bat cap khac dd la hien trang phan Idn nhan lUc chju trach nhiem van hanh cac he thdng CNTT, van hanh thU vien dien tU,- thU vien sd trong eac thU vien khdng dUdc dao tao chuyen sau hoac khdng nam dUde nghiep vu thu vien dan den nhieu khd khan cho edng tae Ung dung CNTT ho trd boat ddng nghiep vu, nhieu thu vien phu thupc hoan toan vao nha cung cap djch vu CNTT, nha eung cap phan mem.
Vi vay, cdng tac dao tao nhan lUe cho thu vien phai dUdc doi mdi, ting eUdng kien thUe ve CNTT ndi chung va iihg dung CNTT ti-ong hoat dong thU vien, dao tao dUde nhan lUe thu vien ed kien thUc da nganh, da ITnh vuc, tiihg bUdc xay duhg
dUdc ngudn nhan lUe chat lUdng cao ed cac ky n§ng khac nhU: ky nang thdng tin (Information literacy), ky nang so (digital literacy), "ttiii thU sd"
(digital librarian), dap uhg yeu rau phat bien nhanh chdng xa hdi va ciia nganh ThU vien trong nen kinh te tri thUc, CMCN 4.0 la yeu cau cap thiet.
Mu'di mot la: Danh gia tac ddng Hien nay, trong boat ddng thU vien, chung ta dang chi thUc hien thong ke hoat ddng, ddn gian la cae ehi sd ve lUdt luan ehuyen tai lieu, lUdt ngUdi sU dung, lUdt truy cap tai nguyen, sd lUdng ding ky the... nhtihg ehi sd nay ehi mdi danh gia dUde mdt phan hieu qua boat ddng. Oe cd the danh gia dUdc toan dien va tap trung vao ket qua thUe chat, khang djnh vi tri, vai tro, gia Iri ciia tiiu vien, ngudi lam thU vien trong chu trinh nghien eUu la mat xich quan trong ciia edng tac, k§t qua nghien euh can thiet phai thUc hien ddi mdi, xay duhg diidc phUdng phap, ehi sd, each thUc danh gia tae ddng ciia thU vien ddi vdi xa hpi noi chung, ngUdi sU dung ndi rieng. Cong tac danh gia nay can dUdc eol la mot trong nhtihg nhiem vu quan trong eiia hoat dong thU vi§n, la mot cdng tae khd khan nhuhg can thiet de cd the phan tfch, danh gia dUde ket qua hien tai, ddng thdi dU bao dUdc ket qua hoat dong trong thdi gian tdi, la cd sd de xae dinh han che, chi ra nguyen nhan va de xuat cac giai phap khSe phuc.
4. De xua^ kien ngh|
Trong bdi canh CMCN 4.0 dang dien ra manh me, tae ddng to Idn den mpi hoat ddng ciia ddi song con ngudi va xa hdi, thdi ed di eiing thaeh thu'c, tuy nhlen cac TWN chii ddng ti§p can CMCN 4.0 la can thiet, lam tot dieu nay, ng^nh TWN chae chan se tiep can dUdc den nganh ThU vien khu vUe va qudc te, ddng gdp hieu qua vao cdng eupe edng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nUde, phat trien kinh te - xa hdi eua dat nude.
Boi eanh mdi vdi cupc CMCN 4.0 ciing sU phat trien dot pha va nhuhg cdng nghe hidn dai dude uhg dung trong cupc song vii^ la cd hdi Idn, viici la thaeh thUe Idn cho hoat ddng thU vien, ddi hoi can cd chien \iidc ddi phd, phUdng an tiep can phii hdp mang ti'nh tong the de cd the t§n dung
14
nhiitig idi the cua cdng nghe mdi iihg dung hieu qua vao boat ddng thu vien, tU dd lam t i n g vai trd ciia thU vien doi vdi xa hdi, die biet trong ITnh vUc chinh trj, kinh te, van hoa, giao due - dao tao, nghien ciili, phd bien tri thUe...
De tan dung tdi da nhtitig thanh tUu, Icfi the va tiep can thanh edng, ddng thdi giam thieu nhutig tac ddng tieu cUe eiia CMCN 4.0 tdi hoat ddng thU vien trong thdi gian tdi, tae gia de xuat mdt so kien nghj dUdi day:
Doi vdi Qudc hgi, Chinh phu - Ban hanh cae van ban hudng dan thUe hien tiep can CMCN 4.0, trong do ITnh vUe thU vien, thdng tin can dUdc eol la mot trong cae tinh vUc uli tien bdi dU lieu dUde coi la "nhien lieu" cho CMCN 4,0, mat Wiac, thUvien cd nhieu kinh nghiem trong cdng tac thu thap, to chii'c, xU ly va phd bien dU lieu.
- Can xae djnh dung vj trf, vai trd thU vien ddi vdi chfnh tri, khoa hoe, giao due, kinh te, xa hoi, ddng thdi can cd nhieu noi dung lien quan den CNTT vao DU thao Luat ThU vien, lam cd sd phap ly cho viee uhg dung eac thanh tUu khoa hoc ky thuat vao hoat ddng thU vien, sdm ban hanh Luat ThUvien va cae Nghi djnh hUdng dan thi hanh.
- Oieu chinh mot sd ndi dung trong cae van ban phap quy nhu: Luat Xuat ban, Luat Sd hull trf tue, Luat Khoa hoc va Cong nghe.,. Tao ed che phap ly manh me dam bao cho viec day manh uhg dung CNTT va cdng tae so hoa tao lap cac bd sUu tap sd; thu thap, phan ti'eh dU lieu va trien khai djch vu iihg dung cae cdng nghe cao vao boat ddng thU vien dap utig yeu eau CMCN 4.0.
- Oau t u ngan saeh, dam bao ha tang edng nghe cho trien khai, Ung dung cdng nghe mdi cho hoat ddng thU vien mot each ben vUng.
DOI vdi cac Bg, Ban, Nganh - Phdi hdp dong bd vdi nganh ThU vien, die biet la Bd Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe, Bp Thdng tin va Truyen thdng, Bp Tai chfnh, Bo TU phap. Bo Giao due va Dao tao,,. giup thao gd nhuhg vUdng mac, ho trd thU vien trong viec hoach djnh chinh sach, xay duhg chien lUdc, nghien eOfu, trien khai
cae edng nghe mdi vao hoat ddng thU vien.
- Ban hanh cac cd che ve viec chia se diJ lieu de nganh ThUvien ed the lien thdng, ket noi, thu thap, tich hdp dti' lieu, lam giau thdm tai nguyen thdng tin, thU vien.
Doi vdi Bo Van hoa. The thao va Du lich - Danh gia tong the thUe trang boat ddng va utig dung CNTT trong boat ddng thU vien hien nay lam can eU cho edng tae quy hoach, xay duhg chien lUde cho nganh ThUvien.
- To chUe nghien euh, danh gia tae ddng ciia cdng nghe mdi trong boat ddng thU vien, xae (^nh nhtihg hang muc uli tien de cd nhiJhg chinh saeh phii hdp.
- Oieu chinh ehien lUdc phat trien thu vien phii hdp vdi sU phat trien eiia cong nghe mdi va yeu cau cLia xa hdi.
- Cd ed che, djnh hudng dam bao cho sU phat trien ddng deu giu^ cac loai hinh thU vien.
- Xay dUng eac v i n ban hudng dan eu the, djnh hudng hoat ddng cho tutig loai hinh thu vien.
- Cd ed che giam sat, kiem tra, thdng ke, danh gia hieu qua viec iitig dung edng nghe mdi trong hoat ddng thU vien, ddng thdi cd cd che khen thUdng kjp thdi ddi vdi cae thu vien cd iihg dung CNTT hieu qua.
Doi vdi Thu' vien Qudc gia Viet Nam - Can dUde dau tU xay dUng ha Sng CNTT manh me (phan eiihg va phan mem), dam bao la dau moi tfch hdp du" lieu sd, xay duhg Bd suli tap so qudc gia, ddng thdi la trung tam bao quan tai lieu sd qudc gia.
- Can cd cd che, chinh sach de ThU vien Qudc gia Viet Nam xay dutig Trung tam dU lieu, dieu phdi ehia se khai thac tai nguyen thdng tin mdt each tap trung (Bp sUu tap so qudc gia; cac cd sd dii' lieu true tuyen, sach dien tU mua quyen khai thac; Cae cd sd dti' lieu dUdc tai trd,.,).
- Can xay dung thu vien dien tU tai ThU vien Qudc gia Viet Nam theo md hinh thU vien dien tU
Tap chi THI/VlEN VIET MAM 1(75) 15
tap trung, dting ehung ha tang CNTT (trong dd Thu vien Qudc gia Viet Nam la thU vl^n quan trj trung tam, eac thU vien thanh vien khai thac tren ciing ha tang cd the quan tn rieng va chfnh saeh rieng,..), trUdc mat cd the trien khai ddi vdi thU vien cdng edng dang cd khd khan ve ngan saeh, nhan lUe, tai nguyen thdng tin...
- Ting cUdng nang lUc quan ly, xU ly, so hoa, td ChUc khai thac, chia se (trong nUde va quoc te) thdng tin, dti' lieu khong Id dang dUde luU giii' bao quan tai ThU vien Qudc gia Viet Nam phuc vu cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, phat trien nen kinh te tri thu'c ciia dat nUde, sin sang dap iihg cupc CMCN 4.0.
- Day manh edng tae nghien ciili, trien khai, chuan hoa, utig dung nghiep vu thU vien (nhat la nghiep vu mdi) va iihg dung cdng nghd mdi vao hoat ddng thU vien toan quoc.
Ddi vdi tac thu' vien
- Can lap ke hoach va xay duhg ehUdng trinh cu the theo tijtig giai doan, ludn bam sat ehu trUdng ciia Dang, phUdng hUdng chi dao ciia Chfnh phii, quy hoach eiia Bd Vin hoa. The thao va Du lich va xu hUdng chung ciia nganh TWN va qudc te, Uu tien day manh Ung dung cdng nghe cao.
- Tiep tuc xay dUng, ciing ed va hoan thien ha tang CNTT, hoan thien, nang cap cac phan mem iihg dung, nhat la phan mem quan ly thu vien dien tU, day manh ap dung phan mem quan ly eac bp SUu tap sd, uli tien nghien cUu ap dung phan mem ma ngudn md. Tang eUdng quang ba, chia se cac phan mem tien ich, cdng cu hieu qua do ngUdi lam edng tac thU vien phat trien.
- Tang cUdng ap dung chuan nghiep vu thU vien ndi rieng va cac tieu chuan CNTT ndi chung, san sang cho viec khai thac, ehia se, tfch hdp dU lieu.
- Chii dong dieu chinh va xay dUng ke hoach ddi mdi to chu'e, quan ly, phUdng thUe hoat ddng theo hudng iihg dung cdng nghe mdi.
- Chii ddng tiep can CMCN 4.0, danh gia nhtihg thuan Idi, khd khan, thach thUc va cac de xuat
eac giai phap kip thdi trong dieu kien, tinh hinh cua moi ddn vj.
- Day manh phat Wen nguon tai nguyen s3, nghien cUu phUdng phap, each thu'c thu thap, to ehUc va quan 1'^ dO' lieu Idn: dti' lieu nghien culi, diJ lieu tij'dng tac cua eac thiet bi, tU he thdng AI, VR, AR... trUde mat Uu tien tai lieu ndi sinh, tai lieu md, tai lieu dia chi, quy hiem va tai lieu n3m ngoai pham vi bao hd ban quyen.
- Thuc hien bao quan sd theo chuan qudc te, tang cUdng edng tac an ninh, an toan dO" lieu tiiu' vien, dif lieu ca nhan ngUdi su' dung.
- odi mdi djch vu eung cap thdng tin, ho tre) truy cap md, tang eUdng kha ning truy cap eho ea nhan, to ehUc tdi cac nguon tai nguyen thir vien, dieu chinh, to chii'c lai Ididng gian thU vien theo hudng ting eUdng cac djch vu sd, da djch vu va trai nghiem. Tfch cUc nghien eiru xu hUdng cong nghe, nhu cau ngUdi sd dung de cd phUdng an dieu chinh dich vu thU vien mot each kjp tiidi.
- Cd chien lUdc ve edng tae can bp: Tang CUdng cdng tac dao tao, dao tao lai nhan lUe, dSc biet la: ky nang sd, ky ning thdng tin, cong nghe mdi. Tao dieu kien thuan Idi, cd cd che khuyen khfeh ngUdi lam thU vien ed trinh dp ve CNTT gin bd, lam viee lau dai tai thU vien.
- Tang eUdng lien ket, hdp tae vdi cac thU vien, to chUe nghien cuh trong linh vUc hoac cd lien quan den thu vien sd trong va ngoai nUdc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Chinh phii (CHXHCNVN). Chi thi so IB/CT-TTg
"Ve viec Tang cu'dng nang li/c tiep can cuoc Cadi mang Cdng nghiep Ian th& tif, ban hanh ngay 4/5/2017.
2. Bili Thj Ngpc Lan. Caeh mang cdng nghiep ian th& tu" va mot so van de dat ra vdi Viet Nam.
http://tapchitaichinh.vn/nghien-cuu~trao-doi/trao- doi-binh-luan/cach-mang-cong-nghiep-lan-thu-tu- va-mot-so-van-de-dat-ra-voi-viet-nam-129515.html.
Truy cap ngay 20/10/2018.
3. Kieu Thuy Nga. Do) mdi mo hinh to diik quan ly va phi/dng th&c hoat dong thw vien Viet Nam : De tai nghien cuU khoa hoc cap Bd. - H.: 86 Vin hoa. The Oiao va Du lich, 2015.
16
4. Kr§u Thuy Nga. Cac thU vien Viet Nam chu dong tiep can cuoc each mang cong nghiep Ian th&
4 // Hpi nghj Ian thU XVI Lien hdp ThU vien Viet Nam ve nguon tin Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe. - Da Ning. - 2018. - Tr. 15-23.
5. Kiieu Thuy Nga, Le Ou'c Thing. Nhiihg thach th&e ve quan ly va phat tnen Thu" vien Viet Nam trong ky nguyen CMCN 4.0 // Hpi thao Phat trien tiiU vien dien tU d Viet Nam dap uhg yeu cau each mang cdng nghiep 4.0. - H.:, 2018. - Tr. 67-80.
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Vin hoa, The thao va Du lich, ban hanh ngay 28/11/2017.
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(Ngay toa soan nhan bai: 04/01/2019; Ngay phan bien danh gia: 07/01/2019; Ngay chap nhan dang:
10/01/2019)
