NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO DOI
Phat trien thanh toan dien tif nin tang thuc day thanh toan khong dung tien nfiat
Trong nhufng nam qua, song song vdi cac phLfong ti?n thanh tocin truyin thong, cac phtfcing tien, djch vu thanh toan dien ttf (TTOT) tai Viet Nam phat trien manh va da dang.
Nhieu phi/cfng tien, dich vu TTOT mdi, hien dai, tien lai va tien ich di/a tren nen tang ifng dung cong nghe thong tin nhi/: The ngan hang. Mo- bile Banking, Internet Banking, SMS Banking, Vi dien tijf, da hinh thanh va dang di 6an vao cuoc song, phu hap vdi xu the phat trien cong nghe thanh toan hien dai.
1. Cac phuong tien, djcb vu TTBT ngay cang dUdc ua chuong
Sau gin hai thap ky ra ddi, the ngan hang ngay nay da va dang trd thanh phi/ong tien thanh toan kha pho bien tai Viet Nam, difpc cac ngan hang thifong mai (NHTM) chii trpng phat trien, cd tec dp phat trien nhanh chdng va cdn nhiiu tiim nang phat trien. Tinh den nay, lifdng the phat hanh dat gin 33 trieu the, tren 45 to chifc phat hanh va tren 240 thifdng hieu the, toan thj trifdng cd khoang 33 trieu the trong dd the ghi nd chiem 95%, the tfn dung chiem 1,96%. Ngoai cac djch vu nhif riit tiin mat, chuyen khoan, mpt so NHTM cdn phat trien nhiiu tien ich gia tang khac tren the nhif thanh toan tiin dien, nifdc, cifdc viin thdng, bao hiem, gdp phin tao thdi quen va nang cao nhan thifc cua ngifdi dan v i cac phifong tien thanh toan mdi. Dp an toan, bao mat doi vdi the thanh toan cung difdc cac NHTM quan tam. Mot so NHTM da phat hanh cac loai the chip cd dp bao mat, an toan cao, cd kha nang tich hpp da tien ich, mang lai
nhiiu tien ldi cho khach hang. Viec chuyen doi tif the tif sang the thdng minh la phii hpp vdi xu the chung, cd y nghTa quan trpng, md ra Cd hpi phat trien mdi cho the thanh toan va md rpng cac djch vu diing the.
Ngoai the tin dung va the ghi np. the tra trifdc tai Viet Nam gin day cung tang trifdng nhanh, hien da cd gin 900.000 the, chiem 2,7% toan thj trifdng. Day la mpt phifdng tien thanh toan ti?n ich de thay the cho tiin m$t, cd dp an tpan cao, cd the tiep can d l dang vdi tat ca mpi ngifdi, tien Ipi cho ngi/di si!f dung va mua sim trifc tuyen d i dang. Doi tifpng khach hang tiem nang cua the tra trifdc thifdng la nh(/ng ngifdi tre tuoi, nhtfng ngifdi chifa hoac khdng thifdng xuyen tiep c3n vdi djch vu ngan hang. Thanh toan bang the tra tri/dc cdn cd the phat trien vdi cac giao djch thanh toan gitfa khu vifc cdng vdi ca nhan, gitfa doanh nghiep vdi ca nhan.
thanh toan qua internet. Khach hang cija the tra trifdc, vi vay, rpng hdn cac dd'i tifdng khach hang truyin thong cua ngan hang
trifdc day. Sif phat trien the tra tnfdc difpc xem nhif mdt yeu td cd kha nang dap img ky vpng CLia ngifdi sif dung djch vu tai Viet Nam trong giai dp^n tdi.
Thanh tpan qua dien thoai di ddng (Mobile Payment) cung dang thu hiit sif quan tam cua ngifdi tieu diing, each thifc thifc hien ddn gian, cd the thifc hien cac dich vu ngan hang, nap tiin tren dien thoai di dpng, chuyen tiin trong nifdc; tiep thj, quang cao qua dien thoai di ddng; chap nhan thanh tpan the quPC te va cac djch vu gia tang khac. Tat ca cac doi ti/dng trong xa hpi tif thanh pho den miin niii, viing sau, viing xa diu cd the s& dung di/dc va dac biet tien ldi doi vdi cac thi trifdng ma ngi/di dan it cd dieu kien tiep xiic vdi dich vu ngan hang. 0 Viet Nam, ty le tiep can dien thoai di dpng cl Viet Nam dat mifc cap, so thue bao dien thoai di dpng ca nifdc tinh de'n cupi nam 2010 da dat 154 trieu thue bap, do dd tiim nang phat then thanh tpan qua dien thpai di dpng la rat Idn, chp phep NHTM cung ifng nhiiu
4 # TAP CHI TIN HOC NGAN HANG • SO 6(122) • 8/2011
djch vu tien ich. Hien tai, NHNN da cho phep NHTM trien khai djch vu Mobile Banking tren Cd sd dam bao tuan thij theo diing cac quy djnh v i cac nguyen tac quan ly riji ro trong hoat ddng ngan hang dien ti!f.
Mdt san pham TTDT mdi khac da xuat hien va sif dung tai Viet Nam tif cuoi nam 2008 la Vi dien ti!f, phifdng tien cho phep ngifdi diing cd the giao dich, thanh toan tri/c tuyen cac hang hda, djch vu tai cac Website thifdng mai dien tif va thi;c hien nhiiu djch VM tien ich khac. Den nay, NHNN da cho phep NHTM va mpt so to chifc khdng phai ngan hang difdc thifc hien thi diem dich vu Vi dien ti!f. Cac to chifc nay da chiJ dpng, tich cifc trien khai hdp tac vdi cac NHTM, ddn vj kinh doanh thifdng mai dien tif de cung cap cac san pham vdi nhiiu tien ich. nhi/: thanh toan cho cac giao djch thifdng mai dien ti). thanh toan bang dien thoai di ddng, phat trien TTOT tai Viet Nam.
2. Ha ting cong nghe phuc vu TTDT ngay cang duoc md rong
Cd sd ha ting phuc vu TTDT di/dc chii trpng diu tl/ md rpng; hlu hit cac NHTM da thiet lap di/dc he thong ngan hang Idi (core banking), he thong thanh toan ndi bp vdi ky thuat. cdng nghe tien tien. cho phep cung Lfng cac dich vu, phi/dng tien thanh toan hien dai va kha nang kit noi trifc tuyen vdi nhau, mang lai nhiiu tien ich cho khach hang; den nay ca ni/dc da cd gin 12.000 ATM va tren 55.000 thiet bj chap nhan the POS/EDC da di/dc nap dat.
De thong nhat mang li/di chap nhan the tren toan qudc, tao thuan lpi cho chu the, nang cao hieu qua hoat dpng the cua cac ngan hang tif do thiic day thanh toan khdng diing tiin mat, thdi gian qua NHNN da chi dao cac lien minh the Banknetvn, Smartlink va VNBC hoan thanh kit ndi lien thdng he thdng ATM;
dong thdi, da chi dao cac cdng ty chuyen mach, cac NHTM then khai kit ndi lien thdng he thdng POS. Den nay chu the cija cac ngan hang nay cd the si^f dung the de thanh toan tai POS cija cac ngan hang da kit ndi trong he thdng dif kiin cudi nam 2011 ket ndi lien thdng mang li/di POS tren toan qudc.
Ben canh dd, nganh vien thdng, cdng nghe thdng tin da thiit lap difpc he thdng ha ting ky thuat vdi mang lifdi rdng khap, san sang dap ifng cac diiu kien cin thiit de then khai cac djch vu va phifong tien thanh toan mdi tren pham vi toan qudc, nhat la thanh toan qua dien thoai di dpng. Ngoai ra, sif tham gia ngay cang sau rdng cua cac td chifc chuyen cung cap giai phap, trung gian hd trp thanh toan va sif lien kit giifa cac td chifc nay vdi ngan hang, cdng ty dien thoai dang difdc hinh thanh cung gdp phin hoan thien he thdng Cd sd ha ting TTDT hien dai.
3. Nhung tdn tai, han che hung viec phat bidn nOT:
Ha ting cd sd ky thuat phuc vu cho hoat dpng TTOT phat then chi/a dong bd, mdi tap trung d cac thanh phd, dd thi. Chat lifpng hoat dpng cija ha ting cdng nghe thdng tin va viin thdng chifa that sif dn djnh, anh hifdng trifc tiep din chat lifdng djch vu thanh toan,...
- Djch vu the ngan hang mdi cd sif gia tang v i sd lifdng, viec chuyen khoan chi difpc thifc hien chu yiu trong ndi bd tifng ngan hang. Cac dich vu thanh toan mdi hien dai da difdc trien khai tai mpt sd it ngan hang, chifa dap iitTg kjp nhu clu da dang ciJa khach hang trpng TMDT.
- Cac giao djch thanh toan trong khu vifc dan
cif phin ldn vin sif dung tiin mat. Tam ly e de, ngai tim hieu, sd riji ro da ngan can viec tiep can cija ngifdi tieu diing vdi cac hinh thifc thanh toan mdi.
- Cdng tac thdng tin, tuyen truyin chifa that ddng bp va kjp thdi. Cac phifdng tien thdng tin dai chiing ddi khi cdn phan anh chifa khach quan, thifdng khai thac mdt sd diem yeu, ldi ky thuat hoac nhtfng han che, vifdng • mic trong hoat ddng thanh toan mang tinh ca biet, khien cho thdng tin din vdi cdng chiing thi/dng mdt chiiu, gay mat Idng tin vao cac phUdng tien thanh toan mdi.
- Hanh lang phap ly v i TTDT chifa ddng bd, SLf phdi kit hop gitfa nhifng bien phap hanh chinh va bien phap kich thich kinh te chifa dij manh de di/a chij trifdng that sif di vao cupc sdng. Chifa cd diy diJ cac che tai xif ly ddi vdi cac hanh vi gia mao, tdi pham trong Hnh vifc ngan hang; y thifc phdng tranh gia mao cija ngifdi dan va cac ddn vi chap nhan the cdn thap; sif phdi hdp cija cac ngan hang trong hoat dpng quan ly riji ro cdn han che.
4. Mpt s5 d6 xuit giai phap diy manh TTDT:
De day manh phat trien TTOT trong giai doan 2011-2015, chiing tdi xin d i xuat mdt sd giai phap nhif sau:
Thif nhat: Hpan thien va dong bp hda mdi trifdng phap ly cho TTDT: Hoan thien khudn
TAP CHI TIN HOC NGAN HANG * S O 611221 B/2011 « 5
NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO DOI
khd phap ly cho vi$c quan ly, giam sat va djnh hifdng cho cac djch vu. phifong ti?n thanh toan mdi, cac td chifc khdng phai ngan hang chuyen cung cap cac djch vu trung gian thanh toan; nghien cifu xay difng, ban hanh chuan heng v i the thanh toan hoac ap dung cac tieu chuan qudc te v i bao mat, an toan dtf lieu trong finh vifc kinh doanh the tai Viet Nam; va xay difng chinh sach phi hpp ly ddi vdi giao djch thanh toan the thdng qua cac mifc phi giao djch ATM, POS. chuyen mach the...
Thif hai: Hoan thien O i an day manh thanh toan khdng diing tiin mat (TTKDTM) giai doan 2011-2015 trinh Thij ti/dng Chinh phu phe duyet lam cd sd cho viec day manh TTKDTM trong thdi gian tdi, trong dd dat trpng tam phat trien TTOT.
Thif ba: Tiep tuc diu tif. phat trien va hoan thien ha ting cdng nghe:
- Xay difng, hoan thanh va difa vao van hanh Trung tam chuyen mach the thdng nhat, bao dam tie'n dp quy dinh, qua do tao nen tang CO so vat chat, ky thuat cho thanh toan the, dam bao an toan, hieu qua cua he thong thanh toan the va lam co so cho viec phat trien the ngan hang va cac phu'ong tien thanh toan hien dai.
- Olu tu' xay di/ng co sd ha t^ng cho mang lifdi chap nhan the, nhat la tai cac trung tam
thifong mgi, nha hang, khach sgn, khu vui chdi giai th, du lich,...; md rdng kit ndi h? thdng POS giifa cac td chifc cung img djch VM thanh toan (TCCUDVTT) de thanh toan hang hda, djch vu; tang cifdng lip dat ATM tai ndi diiu kien cho phep va cd nhu clu.
Tang cifdng ifng dung cdng nghe thdng tin, truyin thdng de phat trien nhtfng phifdng thifc TTOT mdi. Nha nifdc cd chinh sach ifu dai v i vdn vay ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep thifc hien diu tif phat then cd sd ha ting, phin mim img dung phuc vu cho viec phat then cac phifong thifc TTOT mdi; cac NHTM day manh phat trien cdng nghe, phin mim tifdng thich d i phat trien cac phifdng thifc thanh toan mdi.
Thif tu: Day manh phat trien mdi trifdng chap nhan thanh toan, mang lifdi cac diim chip nhan the va phat trien cac phifdng thifc TTDT mdi.
- Khuyen khich phat trien cac phifdng thifc TTDT mdi nhi/ the tra tri/dc, thanh toan qua dien thoai di ddng, the da dung, da nang (de thu phi clu difdng, mua xang dau, mua ve xe buyt, di taxi...).
- Day manh lien ket vOi cac nha cung cap hang hoa, dich vu thanh toan theo dinh ky, thu'dng xuyen de md rong mang li/di, nang cao cac tien ich thanh toan qua ATM, POS.
- Yeu cau va giam sat cac TCCUDVTT thu'Ong xuyen duy tri va khong ngu'ng nang cao chat
lifdng djch vu ATM, tang cifdng cac bien ph^p bao dam an toan trong giao djch the, lam tdt cdng tac cham sdc. bao ve ldi ich cija khach hang.
Thif nam: Day manh cdng tac tuyen truyin phd biin kiin thifc v i TTOT; nang cao nhan thifc de thay ddi hanh vi thanh toan thong qua van ddng, pho bien cho ngi/di sijf dung the, ddn vi chap nhan thanh toan. tang cifdng dao tao ky nang cho can bd cung img djch vu TTDT. Nghien cifu kha nang hinh thanh mpt Quy chung d i tang hieu qua ciia cong tac tuyen truyin chung ve thanh toan the va cac phaong thifc thanh toan hien dai.
Thif sau: Oly manh cdng tac giam sat. dam bao an toan, thdng sudt. hieu qua he thdng ATM, POS, he thdng chuyen mach the. Tang cifdng cdng tac dam bao an ninh, an toan, phat hien, dau tranh. phdng ngifa va xi!f ly cac tpi pham lien quan tdi viec silf dung djch vu. phi/dng thifc thanh tpan the, ATM, POS, cac phifdng thifc thanh tpan sif dung cong nghe cao.
Thu' bay: O^y manh hop tac quoc te, tang cifdng thu hut nguon lu'c va sif hd trd ky thuat tLf cac td chuc qudc te; Uu tien ngudn kinh phi cho viec phat trien cong nghe, dao tao can bo trong finh vifc TTOT; Tang cifdng trao doi, hoc tap kinh nghiem ve TTOT cua cac nifdc phat tnen tren the gidi va trong khu vJc •
6 • TAP CHl TIN HOC NGAN HANG • SO 6(122) - 8/2011
