TigP BI^N VAN HOA VIET NAM DU-OI GOC NHJN LYTHUYeTHETHdNG
NGUYfiN THlTA HY * Tdm tit: Bdi vilt phan tich tilp biln van hda ttong hgi nhap qudc tl dudi gdc nhin ly thuylt he thing. Dd chinh la nhiing mdi Uen he tuang tdc thudn/nghich cia mgt chinh thi, tdc dong len nhung thdnh id nim ttong he thdng do. Qua dd, tac gia de xudt tiep cdn tiep biln va hgi nhdp van hda ttong tu duy phuc hgp da cMeu thay the cho to duy so luge dan gian hoa.
TH khda: Van hda; van hda Vift Nam; tilp biln van hda; hgi nhdp van hoa;
ly thuyet he thong.
1. Dat van de
'Tilp bien van hda" la mdt khai nifm, mdt thudt ngtt khoa hgc thdi thuijng, nhimg khdng mdi. Theo nhftng ttt diln ttt nguyen hge, thudt ngtt nay dd dugc cdc nha dan tdc hgc phuong Tdy su dung ddu tifn vdo khoang ndm 1880.
Trong vai thfp ky qua, da cd hang tram cdng trinh duge xudt bdn de cap den tiep bidn vdn hda, vdi ciing chiing dy nhttng dinh nghia khdc nhau, dugc bd sung vd md rgng, nhung khdng lo^i trtt nhau.
Hai ngi dimg eo ban ctta khdi nifm ndy Id: "tiep xuc" va "bifn ddi" ve vdn hda. Nhung each bilu khac nhau la d chd: bien ddi nhu the ndo vd nhdt Id nhftng ddi togng tiep xttc vdn hda d day Id nhflng ddi togng nao? Luc diu, nhftng chtt thi tiiudng dugc xet din d ting vl md: hai (hoac nhilu) khu vyc, qudc gia.
Ddn din, nhftng chu the dd dugc md rgng din ting vi md, nhu vung miln, cgng ddng, nhdm ngudi rdi den cip do timg cd nhdn.
"Tiep bien vdn hda la mdt qua trinh bien ddi kep ve vdn hda vd tdm ly xdy ra do ket qud ctta sy tiep xttc gifta hai hodc nhifu nhdm van hda va nhttng cd nhdn thdnh vien ctta nhftng tihdm vdn hda dd""'.
Nhttng nhiing "nhdm vdn hda" dd ttfn thyc te da khdng tdn tai biet lap, md deu la nhiing thdnh td cua nhihig hf thdng thudc nhieu cap dg. Vi vay, ttong bai viet ndy, ngudi vilt mudn xet den Tiep biln vdn hda dudi gdc nhin cua ly thuylt hf thdng, dugc xac dinh ttong mdt khdng gian cu thi: Vift Nam.
Ly thuyet hf thdng, md tiln thdn la ly thuyet cdu tnic, neu di sdu nghien ciiu se Id rit phttc tap, nhung ve dai thf Isii khd don gidn. Nhung ttt khda ca bdn cua ly thuylt nay la: He thdng (vdi nhieu cdp do tdn ti khdc nhau), Thdnh td (co bdn '*' Pho giao su, tien si, D^i hpc Qupc gia Ha Npi.
'"' International Journal of intercultural relation.
N° 29 (2005).
Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hdi Viil Nam, sd 9(82) -2014
vd thtt cdp). Lien he tuang tdc (theo chieu thuan va nghich). Tat ca mgi ddi togng deu Id nhiing thanh td cua mdt hf thdng tdng thf va la nhung dgng ttt van hdnh ttong nhung mdi lien he toong tdc.
Ban than mdi thdnh td din lugt nd, lai Id mgt tieu hf thdng vdi cau trttc ddng dang. Vd ban than hf thdng dugc xet cung lai Id mdt thdnh td ctta mdt dai hf thdng Itjn hon. Hf thdng Mfn dai la mdt ciu trttc md vd dgng, ed kha ndng ty duy tti, ttong dd nhiing thdnh td va lien hf diu cd the thay ddi vi tri vd chuyin hda tdc ddng.
Xet tix gdc nhin cua ly thuyet hf thdng, cd the dinh nghia Tiep bien vdn hda Id tdc dgng ctta nhflng mdi lien he hd tuong difn ra trong nhiing he thdng cau tnic van hda vl md vd vi md, cttng nhftng kft qua dem lai cho nhflng thanh td bdi nhflng tdc dgng ay.
2. Tiep bien van hda Viet Nam trong he thong toan cau
Trong thdi dai toan cau hda ngay nay, thi gidi ehinh la mgt he thdng van ddng.
Cac khu vyc vd nhiing qudc gia Itin la nhttng thdnh td. Moi mgt thanh to lai la mdt tifu hf thdng bao gdm mgt sd qudc gia. Mdi qudc gia phdn tix cd ciu true rifng cua nd, cd quy dao ty quay rieng ctta nd, nhimg cung dinh vi tren mdt quy dao van ddng chimg ctta hf thdng, bi rang huge vd chiu anh huimg lan nhau qua nhiing mdi lien hf toong tdc v l vi thf vd van tdc phat triln. Dd la mdi quan hf bifn chttng giua tinh ddc lap va tinh
tuy thudc, lien lap ttfn bmh difn qudc te. Tilp biln van hda la nhung lien hf toang tac ttong mgt "vdn hda quyen"
toan cau gitta cac qudc gia ldn, nhd, m£inh, yeu khdc nhau qua qua ttinh hgi nhdp lien ddi, tuy thudc, tten ca sd bdo tdn ban sac van hda ddc lap, ddc thu cua dan tgc minh. Tiep bien van hda do vdy da tao nen nhiing xung lyc vd can lyc theo chieu thudn nghich, dnh hudng den vi the va van tdc phdt ttiln cia timg qudc gia thanh td.
Trong hf thdng the gidi, Viet Nam la mdt ttong nhung qudc gia thanh td chinh yfu cua tilu hf thdng Ddng Nam A.
Nhung Vift Nam khdng thi so sdnh dugc vdi cac qudc gia thanh td liin manh hon nhieu ve thyc lyc va tilm ndng nhu My, Trang Qudc, Nhdt Bdn hay cac qudc gia hang ddu Chau Au. Trfn thuc te, ttong tilp bifn vSn hda, Vift Nam la mdt nhdn td cMu tdc dgng, nhilu hon la mdt nhdn td gay tac ddng.
Chung ta gift gin bdn sic van hda dan tdc trong to the ddc IJp, dd Id sy thf hifn quyen ty quylt trong vifc chgn lua quy dao ty quay rifng cho minh. Dd cflng la khd ndng d l khang chdng l£ii kha ndng bi cudn hut din din bi thdn tinh bdi cdc thanh td Itin manh, nhit la eua qudc gia khdng Id ben e ^ h chung ta.
Nhimg vf phuang difn lifn lap, chung ta phdi hda nhdp vdo quy d?o van hanh chung cua tilu hf thdng (khu vyc) vd cua cd hf thdng (thi gidi). Day la nhftng hf thdng tiieo khu vyc va trinh df phdt
Tiip biin vdn hda Viil Nam...
trien, chu khdng cdn Id nhftng hf thdng tiieo che dg chi'nh tri hay y thuc hf. Mgt cdch hanh xtt khdn ngoan la tranh thu tdi da nhung Uen hf thudn dl bien thanh ttg luc, ban che tdi da nhiing lien hf nghich tao thdnh can lyc. Tit nhien, ttong chuyin ddng vdng quay, cdc ddng to khdng thi ddng diu ve van tdc.
Nhung nlu khodng each qud Itm, chttng ta cd thi bi bd lai dang sau, ldm vdo nguy CO tut hdu, tham chi bi vdng ra khdi quy dao.
Nhu the cd nghia Id, da dfn Ittc chung ta can hgi nhap sdu rdng vao hf thdng qudc td, diy manh hdi nhdp vdn hda qudc te. D I phdt trien ben vttng va dttng httdng, chttng ta cin tich cyc tham gia vdo "ddn hda tiu cua nhdn loai" nhu each ddy mft the ky raOi Nguyin Tradng Tg da timg ndi, hda minh vdo bdu "vdn hda quyin" chung toan cau.
Mudn vdy, chttng ta can loai bd nhiing rdo cdn mdc cdm ve ehe do chinh tri, ve y thttc hf, nhdn qud manh den tinh ddc thtt dan tgc dl phtt nhdn tinh phd qudt cua vdn hda, dojn tuyft vdi nep nghi chi khu khu mudn mgt minh mdt chg bode vdi ba ngudi ldp thdnh mdt phe. Thai dg do dy, chd thdi cflng gay ra nhieu hf qud tieu cyc. Thi gidi khdng chd dgi chiing ta. Trong cudc boi ngugc ddng, khdng tiln, dt se bi ddy Iui.
Tilp biln vdn bda, cflng nhu cac mdi lifn hf tuong tdc vdn hdnh trong hf thdng, thudng Id hai chilu qua Ijii. Mgt
khi da hda nhap vao cdng ddng qudc tl, chung ta se cd dieu kifn de vuan ra todn cdu, ddng gdp qudc te nhieu han, thdng qua nhftng boat ddng cdng bd qudc te nhttng thdnh tyu nghien cttu khoa hgc (ty nhien vd xa hdi), chuyin giao cdng nghe, ddu to, hgp tdc vtii cac nhd khoa hgc, hgc gid, chuyen gia qudc te va chuyen gia ngudi Vift bojc ngudi gdc Vift d nude ngoai, cd ve khoa hgc tu nhien va khoa hgc xa hdi... Sy vuon ra the gidi cflng nhu nhttng ddng gdp qudc te Men nay cdn yeu, cd the ndi Id rdt yeu, cung cd mdt nguyen nhdn Id chttng ta cdn e ngai rut re, mac cdm vd nghi ky khi hgp tdc bode dung chung trong hang ngfl vdi nhttng ngttdi ma chttng ta cdn cho Id "khdc vdi chiing ta", khdng nghi nhu ching ta, khdng cung y thttc he vdi ching ta vd do dd chua d i mttc dg tin cdy, thdm ehi cdn cdnh gidc.
3. Tiep bien van hda Vift Nam trong he thing quoc gia
Tren bmh difn qudc gia, sy phdt triln bin vttng ctta Vift Nam ngdy nay dua vao the chdn kilng cia ba Unh vyc chi yeu: khoa hge - edng nghf, gido dye - ddo tao va sy phdt trien kinh te - xa hgi.
Gitta 3 Imh vyc dd, cd nhflng mdi Uen hf tocmg tdc, anh hudng ldn nhau. Ve mdt hgc thudt, dd la hifn togng xdm thyc vut?t bien gitii mang tinh lien/xuyen ngdnh. Nhung lifn hf toong tdc dd dugc thi hifn ttong sa dd dutii ddy:
Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hot Viit Nam. sd 9(82) - 2014
Khoa hpc Cong n ^ $
3,1. Quan he giita Khoa hpc - Cong ngh^ vi Gido due - Bao lao
Trfn ly thuylt, gitta khoa hge (ty nhifn vd xd hdi) - cdng nghf vd giao dye - ddo tao vdn cd mdi Uen hf khdng kbit vdi nhau. Dd la nhttng ngudi anh em song sinh. Khoa hgc di trade md dudng, ddt nfn tdng va la kho dy trtt tri thttc cia gido dye - dao tao. Giao due di sau kiln thidt, chung cat nhttng tinh tuy cia khoa hgc, difn che hda thdnh nhiing quy p h ^ dn dinh, trayen tdi tri thttc vdo trong xa hdi vd ddo tao ra ngudn tai nguyen nhdn lyc cd chat lugng cao phuc vy trd lai cho sy phdt triln ctta khoa hgc edng nghe.
Tuy nhien, do quan tinh ctta dinh kien, rdo can cia y thttc he vd tinh xo cung ctta the che, trong nhifu nudc tten thf gidi ngdy nay da tdn tai mdt do vfnh, mgt hien tugng bit cap ddng ke, mdt hd ngdn each ldn gitta 2 Unh vyc vdn hda dd. Nhflng thanh tyu tien tiln mdi nhdt cua khoa hoc Men dai dd
khdng dugc dua vdo gidng day, ttng dyng kip thdi ttong gido dye.
Cach ddy hon mgt thf ky, "Vdn minh tdn hgc sdch" (1904) cua nhdm Ddng Kinh Nghia thyc da bit msich chi ra dttng cai nguydn nhdn chinh cua cdn bfnh di ttng vdi tri thttc mdi, mft "dilu ma ta trdi vdi ngudi vf giao dye" qua ldi khuyen ctta mdt vi quan ddi vdi cac nho sinh: "Cdc thdy nfu mudn ra lam quan thi phai cdn than, chd cd dgc sdch mdi, chd cd xem bdo mdi".
Trong khi dd, ngugc lai, teong nfn giao due su ph?im vin cdn tdn lai nhifu tri thttc ve ty nhien vd xa hgi da td ra lac hau, gido dilu, khdng cdn phu htjp vdi thyc tiln cudc sdng, ted nen vd bo thdm chi cd hai, nhttng mdn hang tdn kho cin thanh ly. Ndi theo ngdn ngtt thdi thugng, cttng vdi quyen dugc tiep cdn, cap nhdt thdng tin, dd din Ittc ehung ta cflng phai cd "quyen dugc quen di"
nhung cdi dang quen.
Y thttc dugc sy bdt cap va d l stta 96
Tiip bien vdn hoa Viel Nam...
chtta khilm khuylt dd, mdt ngdnh khoa hgc mtii the hifn sy tiep biln xam thyc da ra ddi vd dugc ddy manh teong khoang ban ntta the ky nay. Dd Id nganh
"Gido dye Khoa hge va Cdng nghf".
Nam 2007, dugc sy khuyin khich ctta Td chttc Gido dye, khoa hgc vd Van hda Lito Hgp Qudc (UNESCO), mdt hgi nghi qudc te gdm hon 1.000 nha giao dye to 50 qudc gia tren thi gidi da hgp tai Perth (Austtalia) vd thdng qua bdn
"Tuyen ngdn Perth 2007 vl Giao due, Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghf". Tuyen ngdn keu ggi diy manh vifc cap nhat hda giao due Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe trong va ngoai nha tradng, khuyen nghi eac nhd cdm quydn cac nudc hoach dinh cdc chinh sdch cdi each gido dye, xet duyet va hien dai hda cac chuang trinh gidng d?y va "cam kit bao ddm rang cdc hgc sinh sinh vien phai dugc thodt mu ve khoa hgc cdng nghf de cd the ddng gdp vdo nhttng muc tieu mang tinh ben vung, cd trdch nhifm va toan cdu trong timg qudc gia cia hg".
3.2, Quan he giiia Khoa hoc - Cong ngh^ vd Phdt irien kinh le - xd hdi
Tilp biln van hda thdng qua nhftng USn hf tuong tdc gitta khoa hgc - cdng nghf va phat ttien kinh te - xa hgi d quy md toan cau cflng nhu trong tttng qudc gia dd dugc chttng minh, khing dinh trong Uch stt ttie gidi. Nguyen nhdn sdu xa ctta Uch trinh tien hda van minh nhdn loiii chinh la nhd vao sy tiln bf cia ky thudt, khoa hgc - cdng nghf. Sy thay ddi
difu ky cia bd mat the gidi ttong Uch stt can hifn dai chinh Id hf qua cia 3 cudc cdch mang edng nghifp, khoa hge cdng nghf to thi ky XVII ttd lai ddy.
Ngay nay, nhiing qudc gia cd tiem ndng ldn nhdt v l khoa hgc cdng nghf ciing la nhttng cudng qudc phdt tiiln nhit vl kinh te - xa hdi. Ngugc lai, sy phat triln ve kinh te - xa hdi da dem lai nhftng ddng lyc thuc ddy manh me ddi vdi khoa hgc cdng nghf ca vl phuang difn ky thuat, vdn vd ngudn nhdn lyc.
Trong pham vi khu vyc vd todn cau, tilp bien vdn hda qua mdi quan hf giua khoa hgc - cdng nghf vd phdt triln kinh te - xd hdi thi hien ra d sy chuyen giao cdng nghf, nhat Id ddi vdi nhitng qudc gia cd khodng each ldn ve trinh do phat trien. Tuy nhien, chttng ta cdn quan nifm rdng sy chuyin giao cdng nghf dd khdng chi d mat ky thuat ma cdn d mdt qudn ly, khdng chi d mat quan ly kinh te md cdn d mat quan ly xa hdi va van hda.
Nhu vdy, tu sy tiep biln van hda thdng qua mdi quan he gitta khoa hgc - cdng nghf vd sy phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi, ket ludn nit ra la: sy ddi mdi cin ttift de, toan dien vd ddng bd d cac Unh vyc kinh te, van hda vd chinh tri, sao cho phu htTp vdi ttinh do hien dai cia khoa hgc (ty nhien va xa hgi) - cdng nghf hifn dai todn cau. Mudn vdy, cdn xic tien quyfn ty do hgc thuat ty do nghien cttu sdng tao gdn lien vdi y thttc trdch nhifm, nhu Tuyen bd Paris 2009 cia UNESCO.
Tgp chi Khaa hgc xd hdi Viil Nam, sd 9(82) -2014
d ttong nudc, "Chien luge phat trien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe giai doan 2011- 2020" cia Chinh p h i ciing khing dinh:
"Thyc hdnh ddn chi, tdn ttgng vd phdt huy ty do to todng trong boat ddng nghien cttu sang tao cua tei thttc khoa hgc vd cdng nghe vi sy phdt teiln ctta ddt nttdc".
Vecto chuyen giao cdng nghf ciing nen chgn phuang to nhiing qudc gia hifn dfii nhdt trong nhung khu vyc Men dai nhit, ddng thdi cin cdnh gidc de to chdi vifc du nhdp nhftng khoa hgc cdng nghf cfl ky, bdt cap va da ldi thdi, lac hfu. Sy lya chgn nhttng bifn phdp rieng de hdi nhdp cia qudc gia chi Id vl each thttc, ma khdng phdi la vf quan diem.
3.3. Quan he giita Gido difc - Bdo lao vd Phdt Iriin kinh le - xa hoi
Nhu dugc ghi trong NgM quyft Tmng uang 8/2013 c i a Dang Cdng san Vift Nam, gido dye dao tao trong mdi lien hf tuong tdc vdi phdt trien kinh te xa hdi dd cd mdt vai ttd to ldn trong vifc "ndng cao ddn tti, dao tao nhdn lyc va bdi dudng nhan tai". Ngugc lai, phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi se ndng cao tifm nang vd tao dieu kifn thudn lgi vf vat chat va tinh thdn cho cdng tac gido due dao tao. Tiep bien van hda va ddi mdi giao due sS giup vifc "chuyen manh giao due ttt ehi yeu trang bi kien thttc sang phdt triln toan difn nang lyc vd phdm chat ngudi hgc... Chtt dgng, tich cyc hgi nhap qudc te de phdt ttien gido due vd ddo tao, ddng thdi gido due vd
dao tao phai dap ttng yeu cdu hdi nhap qudc t l de phdt trien dat nudc... timg budc tiep can trinh do khoa hgc vd cdng nghf tien tiln cua the gitii".
Tuy nhien, nhitng vdn de co ban cdn lam sang td d day la: myc tifu cia giao due phuc vy cho ai, cho chi the ndo?
Cho chinh ban than nhung con ngudi - chu the, ddc lap, biet nhin nhdn bang chinh ddi mat cia minh vd phdn dodn bing chinh cai ddu c i a minh, hay la nhung con ngudi - cdng cy phuang tifn mang tinh chat thtta hdnh, chi cdn suy nghi theo mdt khudn mdu da cd san vd ldm theo mdt quyen uy che chd vd sai bao? Ttt dd suy ra, phuong chdm gido due ddo tao nen chgn se Id mdt hf hinh thiet ke da nhdn td gittp ngudi hgc tu hoan thifn nhdn each phim gia, vd vdn tri thttc ky ndng, cd ttach nhifm xd hgi hay mgt hf hinh chi huy, tang cudng tinh "dinh hudng va lanh dao" nhim dao tao ra mgt he thdng cdc quan chttc va thudc lai ddc luc? Va tiep cfn dfn trinh do khoa hgc vd cdng nghe tien tifn cua thi gidi cy thf la t h i nao? Cd kl dfn nganh khoa hgc xd hdi nhan vdn hay khdng vd nfu cd thi ttong Unh vyc nay, lay tifu chi gi de xac nhan la mang tinh chdt "tien tifn"?
Ngay to mgt the ky raai trade day, nha giao dye ndi tilng ngudi Nhat Bdn Fukuzawa Yukichi da cd ly khi ndi ring: "Mudn xdy dyng mgt qudc gia dgc lap, trudc het cdn xdy dyng nhttng con ngudi dgc lap". Con ngudi nao thi che
Tiip bien vdn hda Viit Nam...
ay vd ngugc lai. Cung vdy, chat lugng gido due ddo tao the ndo thi se dem lai chat lugng phat triln kinh t l - xd hdi Wong ttng vd ngugc lai.
Tdm lgi, ttong hf thdng qudc gia, tilp bien vdn hda chinh la nhttng mdi lien hf tocmg tdc gifta 3 thanh td: Khoa hgc - Cdng nghf, Gido dye - Ddo tao vd Phat triln kinh t l - xd hdi, tao thanh mdt the chdn kieng gdn ket vihig chdc. Mdt sy thilt ke khdn ngoan la can nghien cttu xdc dinh dd tdng cudng nhiing Uen hf thudn, han chf tdi da nhung lien hf nghich.
4. Tiep biln van hda Viet Nam trong noi tai he thong Unh vyc
a ting CO sd vi md, mdi linh vyc thdnh td, den lugt minh cflng lai Id mdt hf thdng cdu trttc. Mdt sy phat trien ben vftng vd nhan ban edn den nhung ylu td cdn ddi, hdi hda. Mdt khdc, sy tiep bien van hda ndi tai se thttc diy qud trinh vugt bien gidi gitta cac ngdnh hgc thudt theg cdch tilp can lien - xuyen ngdnh, chg ra ddi nhftng ngdnh khoa khgc mdi mang tinh tdng hgp trung gian. Tuy nhifn, nhin chung, hifn nay d Vift Nam, sy tiep bien ndi tai gifta cae Unh vyc vdn hda, khoa hgc cdn d mttc do khd khiem tdn.
Trong khoa hge va cdng nghf, nhtt tten da ndi, da xay ra ttnh tr?ng mat can ddi gitta khoa hge ty nhien vd khoa hgc xd hgi. Sy tri trf ve khoa hgc xd hdi d Vift Nam ngdy nay phdi chdng Id do rao cdn vf y thttc hf vd dinh kien, tdn du cia hf to tudng dgc tdn Nho gido ngay xua? Dutii thdi Le - Nguyin, Pham Dmh
Hd da timg phf phdn ttong VH trung Tiey bilt nhftng vi " h i Nho" Id chi biet "nhai vdn hoa bdc, nha chtt bd mia". Phan Chu Trinh thi da kich ed cae phdn to "htt Nho" cflng nhu "htt Tdy". Vd ngdy nay thi cdn hg hdng nhd Htt gi ntta?
Ciing cd sy mdt cdn ddi ttong khoa hgc CO bdn vd khoa hgc ttng dyng. Cd le thanh tyu xuit sic nhat ve khoa hgc cdng nghf ctta chung ta chu yeu vin di theo hudng "md phdng" cd tinh chdt trayen thdng, chua vugt khdi khdu "gia cdng, lap rap nhflng mdu md theo cdng nghf ddi mdi nhdt", ma thieu nhftng cdng trinh nghien cttu ling dung ddc lap, nghiem toe sdng t£io cd tdm cd. Sy tilp bien vdn vd hdi nhdp qudc te ve vdn hda vdn d mttc yeu kem, ddc bift la chi sd ddng gdp chung cho nhdn loai. Bdo cdo dieu tra cua td chttc tu vdn dgc ldp Goodcountry nam 2014 cho bilt, ve phuang difn ndy, Vift Nam xep thtt 124 trong 125 qudc gia, d thang bjc dp chdt, trong dd khoa hgc vd cdng nghf (89/125) va van hda (76/125) diu bi ddnh gid vdi thtt hang dudi trang binh.
v l gido due vd dao tao, ngodi nhftng khilm khuylt vl muc tieu vd phuang chdm nhu dd ndi ben tren, cdn nhieu mdt mit edn ddi bit cap khdc. Gido dye phat triln ve sd lugng, nhung do nhftng tf doan trim kha vf bfnh thdnh tich, hinh thttc, khdng trang thyc, nen chit lugng cdn thip. Sdn phim ddo tao ra Id mgt ngudn nhdn lyc chdt luting chua cao.
Ngudi dugc ddo tao edn ling ting ttong nhiing cdng vifc ling phd tinh hudng va
Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi Viit Nam, sd 9(82) - 2014
sang tao ddc ldp, chua thyc sy biet
"hanh" nhimg difu da "hgc". Ket qud dan den nhiing dich benh tdm Iy xa hgi khd chtta nhu y thttc di hgc de lam quan, nip nghi vy bdng cip, nan thtta thay thilu thg...
Chung ta vdn dang ndi nhieu den mdt sy phat triln kinh te - xa hdi ben viing.
Nhung ben vflng lam sao duge khi tdm ly vu lgi thyc dung trade mdt lin at di mdt tdm nhin chien luge todn difn vd dai han. Mdt thdi chttng ta dd danh ddng gifta tang tradng va phdt triln. Ngdy nay, chung ta vin dang chay theo mdt sy phdt trien "vi con sd", chtt chua phdi mgt sy phat ttiln "vi eon ngudi", mdt sy phdt ttien khdp khieng, mdt cdn ddi hai hda gitta nhftng chieu kich kinh t l - ky thudt va nhftng chieu kich vdn hda nhdn vdn.
Vf mat xa hdi, hd ngan each bat binh ding trong sy phan tang xa hgi ngay cang tien den lan ranh bdo ddng do, va cung la mdt sy "tiep bien vdn hda"
nghich cdnh, da lan rgng ra quy md todn cau. Ttt nhung nudc to ban chi nghia, sy bat binh ddng xd hdi gay gat da lan tda den eac nudc "xa hgi chi nghia kieu mdi" nhu Trang Qude vd Viet Nam.
S. Kit luan
Ngdy nay, ching ta nen quan nifm hifn togng tiep bien van hda trong hgi nhdp qudc te dudi gdc nhin ly thuyet he thdng, nhu nhung mdi lifn he tuong tdc thudn/ngMch cia mdt chinh thi, tae dgng Ifn nhflng thdnh td nim trong hf thdng dd. Ttt dd, ehung ta can tien tdi
mdt to duy phttc hgp da chieu thay thd cho to duy so luge don gidn hda, cung nhu cin cd mgt tmh thdn thyc chttng khoa hgc, tu bd chi nghia duy y chi vd duy y thttc hf. Mat khdc, vdi sy thiet ke khoa hgc, chttng ta cin nghidn cttu dl chtt ddng van hdnh va dieu chinh nhftng mdi Uen hf toang tac dd ttong qud trinh tifp bien van hda d cdc cdp do.
Trade mat, cd thi Nha nudc nen kit hgp vtii gitii hgc thudt ttong vd ngoai nudc, hgp tac tich cue vdi eac lyc lugng qudc te dl tao ra mdt kho luu trtt dtt lifu, mdt phdng thi nghiem va xtt ly cac y todng, nham de ra dttgc mdt chien luge va nhung chinh sach hijp ly va hieu qua nhat ttong sy nghiep phat trien ben vung, nhdn van vd ddi mdi todn difn, triet de ddt nude.
Tai lilu tham khdo
1. Quyk djnh s6 418/QD-TTg cua Thii tucmg Chinh phu ve vipc Phe duypt Chiin luge phdt triin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi giai dogn 2011 - 2020.
2. Fukuzawa Yukichi (2007), Khuyin hgc, Nxb Th^ giai & Nha Nam, Ha Npi (Ban djch Pham Hiiu Lgi).
3. Herskovits (MJ) (1938), Acculturation - The study of culture contact, Augustin Publisher, New York.
4. Jean-Louis Le Moigne (1977), La Theorie du Systeme general, PUF, Paris.
5. Perth Declaration on Science and Technology 2007.
6. Thomas Piketty (2014), Capital In the 21"
century. Havard University Press.
