NGONNGC S 6 7
2016
TIM Hlfiu LAI DANH XITNG
"LAC" WONG VA "HUNG" WONG
BINH VAN THAN'
^Abstraet: to the early 20» centmy, H. Maspero first rejected ttie name "Hung king when he argued ttiat ttie character "L,c" « had been mistakenly written as Huns' « . From fliat time out, Viemamese scholar, have debated a gieat deal about 1 u , 7 ""•* """"*" ' ' " * '"'' "° "8'=™=°' h=' " « " reached... In this paper I would like to suggest die following new hypothesis: The name "l,c" IS St ^ [|ak]
IS a Han Chmese pronunciation of a Muong-Viet word which is "l6c" ui Lie rice for example. TTe name "Htag" « [viu,,], [gwj,,] is an ancient Vift pronunciation
•1 .^"°,"^ " " " "'*^"«' ''*°«" " ° ''""*• "hich refers to fertile land filled '^t I f l i : ' ' ' •*" ' ^ ' ' " ' ' ' P ™ ™ " ™ of "Lie" and is not what die ancient Vie^ called them^lves, so it only lasted for a while... AMiough Chinese chamtes were used tc record "song" as HUNG, fliis was what ttie ancient Vift called ttiemselves and so ttie name "Hung king" has been passed down until present.
Key words: i<ic king Himg king
Theo ttuyin tiling ngudi Vift Nam, danh xmig Hung vuang bao ddi nay ffl dupe Imi ttuyen qua ttuyin khiu vd tiiu tjch, toy nhifln, vdo diu ttil ki XX HennM^pflro [6] dd lan diu tiSn phu nh|n danh xmig ndy vd cho Id tiln nhan Vif t dd noi nep su lam lan van to gifta chft Lgc («t) ttldnh chtt Hitng ( « ) ttong ftu nch Hin de tu ifllfn Id mng vuang, nhmig flift ra phii la Lgc vuang men dung^Sau dfl, gioi hpc gid Vift Nam to Bdc din Nam da md ra nhftng cupc but chien so, no, ve L,fc vuang vl, Hung vuang (i miln Bdc, bdo vf ff J , vt^g, tteu bieu Id Sd Cuing Le Du, Vu Ngpc Phan, TrIn Quic Vupng [21]
vdbdoypi<^™ongldl/ngHfleNguylnVanTl,DdoDuyAnh[I9]...Qm^Sn Nam, tieu bieu Id Nguyen Phuong (Lgc vuang) vd Tiln Vien (Hi«g Lng) [18]
Cho den nay, dmmg nhu vin dl ndy vin dang diln m mi chua cfl hli k l f Bdi vilt ndy khflng cfl fliam vpng gidi quy^t vin dl md chi gdp phdn tim toeu ^ s ^ Iai Id £ ^ vuang viHimg vuang vd vl khi ndng co ^ y " flng sy lam lan vdn ty cua tiln nhdn? ' ^
• Thanh phi BiSn H6a, tinh ElSng Nai.
Ngfln ngft so 7 ndm 2016 1. Chfl" Lgc trong Lgc vuang
Sach sdm nhlt ghi chep ve Lgc vuang Id sdch Thiy kinh chi' cua Ljch Dao Nguyen, ttie ki VI, ttong dd cfl dan lai to sdch Giao Chdu ngogi vvc ki khoang ttie kilV mpt doan van nhu sau: " S a : # * W 9 i K i ! l # , ± H k * ' SiBa, mMmfVmm." (Giao Chi xua kia, lllc chua cd quan huyfn, dit dai cd rupng Lac nipng ndy flieo nude ttieu len xuong, dan tting cly rupng ly dl dn, nSn gpi la dan Lac. Cac qudn, huyfn dupc cai ttj bdi vua Lac vd cdc phy td vua Id quan Lac. 0 cdc huyfn do cic todng Lyc eai quin, tirdng Lac cd an ding, day ttiao xanh). TiSp den la sich Sir U - Sdch in cua Tu Ma Trinh ddi Dudng dd nhdc den sdch (^udng Chdu ki cua Bdi UySn, ddi Tan, khodng flil ki TV ghi chep cung nfi dung tten: "3£lliWISEa, # g l * ± T , A ^ K f f l : g A B A W I S i , I S « . | g ^ g « ^ | | J | « , miV^S. BP4>2:4>*te" (Giao Chi cfl nipng Lac, nipng ndy flieo nude tiilu Ien xuong, ngudi ta an nipng ly nen gpi la ngudi Lac. Cfl vua Ljc v i cdc phy td vua Id quan Lac. Cac huyfn ty gpi ngudi cai qudn Id ttidng Lyc, deo an ding ddi fliao xanh, nhu quan Ipnh ttudng ngdy nay vfy).
Nhan xflt clmng: Chft Lgc vilt bing 2 to dang «t vd IS. Theo Khang Hy tv dien [8] flii 81: " S I # ? S , * f t ; | 5 " (im lgc, vin vilt la » ) , vfy day Id h i chu dong am khdc nghia. Lien quan din chft Lgc a Giao Chi cdn flily chSp U Lgc - Viet (m -m^ cdc sach Tiin Han Ihu, Hgu Hdn thu, Thuy kinh chii Ha, van bdn Giao Chdu ngogi vgc ki vd Qudng Chdu t i co 18 xuit hif n eung tho, VI chinh T&iv Ain* cfai dl tung hich d&i eiMTg Cfcm fc-(^SI. WflsEH Bm Uyen, Qudng Chau ki ehflp...). Tuy vfy, chung tfli cho rdng, do,n vdn co' dpng |u Quang Chdu U vdi chft Lgc (IS) vd dya vdo cac sdch xmi hon Id Su ki Han thu deu viet li chft Lac (IS) rit cd fl,l xuit hipn sdm hon (ho?c gin nguyen fS^^Z " ? • " ^ °""' ^ ' " ' " "*"<"• "^^ " ""^ "=hft Lgc (my Cd hai chft Lgc ( » , m Id chft kl am cho mpt tin ggi (thd dm) vi rugng cua ngudi bdn dia Oac dien) o Giao Chi trudc khi fliupc nhd Hdn chu khdng phdi dm chi vi sv len xuong cua thuy trieu. Nude ttilu ISn xuing chi l i mpt fliupe tinh ciia rnpng Lgc Ve ^ y n vdn " # m * ± T " cua Qudng Chdu ki, vd cua Giao Chdu ngoa, vvch K f f l l S m * ± T " , fliudng dupc hilu Id nipng ndy flieo nude Uiuy ttieu len xuong nhung flieo chung tfli, cd flil hilu lai: chft n-iiu (Wi) dm ch, nuoc day vd voi chu khong hin Id nude fliuy trilu d biln, sdng dang cao xuong ttiap. Vay doan vdn ttSn cimg cfl flie hieu Id nipng nay dupc dan nude' to cac khe sufli tten doi nui hay con sflng dudi ttiung lung chay flieo con muong dS vdo rnpng co ngdn de, nude ngfp day vdi khoang flidi gian can ttnet, roi sau fliodt nude voi di. Day Id kr ttiufl dan ttiuy nhap diln de ttIng ttpt
Cic a i liju did Hin nhu Thiiy kinh chi, Thd, Binh quing U, Si, kl... tham khio ttr ffanu mjng Chmese Text Project, website, http://clext.org
J I n i hilu lai...
x l " ^ "^ "^^ '^''™*' " > • "^y ™^- ° ' ' * ""*• "•P'« H ™ . * Oim Chi
„ ^ - , ^ ' " ^ ^ ^ "•* "^uSi <n sflng nhd nipng ndy nSn mdi gpi hp la ng^m Lac (Qudng Chdu ir). TSn Lgc Id ttil dm vl fliyc vat ndo dd va cd 15 la ten do ngudi Hdn gpi khi tilp xuc vdi ngudi cfl Vift x m kia. Cdc ten gpi nhu Lgc vuang, Lgc hdu, Lgc tudng chi la mpt cich mfl td flieo quan chi i5id Hin nen Lgc vuang don giin chi Id vua cua ngudi Lac vd Lac hiu, Lgc tudng la ngudi phy ta cua vua Lac.
xft ttl'^chtlf • t ^ " ^ - ' H '^° «"' ' ° ^ ^"^ ^»' 8i? Tnrde hit, to nhfn d t ! ? h f l t l ^ , f ° J^ ' f » W md) ma Qudng Chdu ki(nit, xmi n ^ dung khong phai d t y dang ban diu. Theo Khang Hy tu diin, » : "JI|iS:ii"
^ c (:^SEIS ^ m i g o i,c/, t/n, lai chip Id ; * : ^ i ¥ , sdch xua hon i h u ATu-ywi Hoa, Nam tu deu chflp Id ± m . Do dd chung tfli cho ring ban diu ngu«
Hto ^ dung chft l : (bp ttido diu) dl ki am eho fling cl Vif t vl tfln gpi S 7 i Z i 7 ^ ^^^.y-'Mdly, voi) vd sau din Quing Chiu fc'dl'^^hflp L 7- ^ J ? i *"> * ™ '"^" ^ ^ 1 ' "hW do vd dSn Giao Chdu ngogi vuc ki ffl dmig chtt ding am Id Uc (St) (bf chuy). Chtt ^ (bp fliio diu) J t h iTrnp^
n f ? • ^ L ' ? ^ ' f^' "^^ ^ ™ f ^ e ^ ™ Kto, Thdn - Vmmg Lpc) [12]
Dang chu y Id Hodng Vdn Chi [7] dd nflu gii fliyyl, vl dm Hdn " / t ? (fac Id chtt ki am to flil dm Id > lua vi nguin Mudng Hda Bmh, hojc n^iM n i g Mn d!S i " t " " u?" ! ^ « " '*™8 P''" ' ' ' P ""^ ' ' « -^hilu (chft Han xuit
Slt^kl'i B ^ ' i T • ^ ' " ' " 7 ^^^ °^ -^^^ «^)' ^ =hft S'(bp fliio diu)
^ l f j 3 ' 1, X T ^ '-'"• ^y • ' ' " " " 8 <3"^ =« ™ H ^ thudng cl la fllLw^Tw "^t ™i '"• ' " " ' ^ ' ' ° " " '^*" '^•^ -^"^e Mi, ngumMudng cfl tieng /oc chi vc toy. lua nuong. Ngudi Vif, cung cd loyi lua gpi Id Iiia lie vd lua /ocni^ac [22]. Tyc ngft Vift Nam cd cau Sao ruTdingldc Z l l nep Loc mpt fl™ n ^ r a ba bin nhdnh cdy, cung flnch hpp vdi ddt nui, ttioc td t ^ ^ . r ™*".?^e ^ . 'hto rit sdm, ngudi ta fl,udng dung nlu com
™ . f r , ' r " fj^ * "^^ ^ ^ ^°°8 bang sdn bdn nen vin fl,urg 38^5341 d^HSn'T I V t ^ ^' """'" " • " * P»] (Gia Tu Hipp, Bdc Ngyy 386-534) da dan sich A Vgt cAi (Duong Phu, Dflng Han 25-220) nhu sau-
= Cic8n,Hin,h„0„gc6«,.Syvivisau,.cuufteo±*«».„„„.„,^^OO'0]dage,asp.
Theo nguyen bin ch&Hin tronc sich \»n„<,riA„ r.-- J- .
,•, J^ r, L , ° ^ ^ " y * ^ " ' ' ^ " ^ o ' / o p f n w (tip III) Tli sdch Cn van, Uy ban Dichthi^t-Phli qu6cvu khanh narft^-j, , ^.^ « W P UJ; l u s a c n u o r, DKx, A- h u /- ,1. ^ ^ ^ " ^ ' ^ ^ ^ '>'*3 ""^t ban. 1973. Chtt M Ta T v t h ^ ' " ^ i ' " " ? " '"^ " '**"« tog bai Vi nfag Muong Vi ivc nga ( Z
„hu.,e„gV.e,h,«n„aydl„goiU/o'..Hai,Ud»,g«,» chongiolichOkitocho i '
52 Ngdn ngft so 7 ndm 2016
"M, — S H ^ S a , tb 3jfit" (Dao: Ioai lua, mpt nam gieo, mpc vdo cic mua Ha, Dflng, xudt xu to Giao Chi) cdn flieo Khang Hy tv diin, Dao ffi: " ( f f i ^ "
W ¥ « , W^miTI^-kZ^, * 4 j i S f i a # " (Van hpi: Ida cd Id ddi nhpn la luong fliyc, Ida gao cua phuong Nam, sing d nude, sdc tting). Sdch Chi Nam nggc dm gidi nghia [2], dien Nflm chft Dao ne ?@!)E Id "Lua lie nay lan khdp ddng' . Cho nen tfln gpi lie (Mudng - Vipt) sfl phu hpp vdi dm Hdn fliupng cd [lak]. Ngudi Mudng cfl tyc flid Ida nuong [17] = Ida lie vd ngudi Vift d lang Ke Nu hay Lu (Vift Tri), hang ndm dau mua cd le cly Ida (gieo ma) de tS vua Hung. Tren den Thupng d Den Hung cd flid hat flidc bang gl [11]. Tap tyc flid Lua rat phfl biln d cdc ddn tpc Dflng Nam A khiln ta nghl rang cdy Ida nude khflng phdi Id mpt dJc sdn riflng cda ngudi Hdn. Tuy cfln ttanh cdi, nhung da so cdc hpc gii diu nghieng vl gii fliuylt cay Ida nude xuit xij to Dflng Nam A v i Nam Tnmg Hoa [10]. Cd flil xua kia, ngudi Hdn luc tiep xuc vd, ngudi co Vift, tiily d xii ndy ddn chung ttIng Ida nude cd tfln gp, la loc, giflng lua md ngudi Hdn chua bilt den nen mdi lay ngay ten gpi rupng loc de gpi Id rnpng Lgc (Lac diln) rli gpi luon ngudi sing bdng nipng ay la ngudi Lgc (Lyc nhdn), vua cua ngudi Lyc Id vua Lgc (Lgc vuong) Nhu vgy danh xung Lgc vuang cd thi khdng phai li ten tv xung cua ddn cdViit
2. ChO' Himg trong Himg mang
~ .. ° ! ^ ^ 8 ^ * " ^ vmwg ( « i ) dupe ghi chep ttong ttm tjch Hin Id sdch nai Binh quang h, flie kl ttiu X, dd din Nam Viit chi (Thim Hodi Vi&i) khodne
^fmj.m»: (Vung dit Giao Chi rit mdu md, di ddn din d, fl,o,t diu b,ct ttong cay Dat den xip. Kto' dit "hung". Vi vJy nipng l y gpi Id inf ng Hung, dan ay li dan Hung Cd quan ttudng cung gpi Id vua Hdng; cdc phy
^ ttn gp. Id quan Hmig. Dit dd dupc chia ra cho cdc todng Hung cai quL) So I'^&fgChdu ki. Glao Chdu ngogi wcUtMi day sau khodng mft flil ta, hp Tham, Id bye tiic Nho, tat nhien dd timg dpc din Si ki, Hdn thu, Thuy hnh chu pen chdc chdn dd biet vl iflc (IS, « ) d Giao Chi, nhm,g ddng ngac
" f ™J^ ™ L ' ° " ' I " ^ ^ I"™ • " « ^^ -an Giao Chi fliflng qLa vif c vilt chu Hung (m ma nhlt djnh khflng phdi Id Lgc (IS, «t) vd hm, nfta cdn If g,a, ve chu m nhu sau "mmm" (khi dit "hdng"). Ylu t l himg cua khi dat gay an tilpng cho hp Thim hmi Id ylu t l lgc ( S , « ) hay flidng tin vl rupng nuoc day voi. Cd ttie vdo ttidi dilm hp Thim khi Uiu flifp fliflng tm vl G,ao Chi, luc nay da fliupc Han, ddn d dly khflng cdn dupc ngudi Hdn gpi Id Lgc ntta, bdng chung Id su lifu cho bilt sau khi nude Nam Vift cua Trifu Da bl nha Han d,f t flii fliu tjch hilm khi nhdc din Lgc nfta, chi d Hgu Hdn thu ' Lua "1&" theo C/WM'G/V chtoh 14 * o « . Theo A^ong/d-W^.cn din i w ,A„ „ ' A S i f t -
• • J S t t a * . ! j : * n « i f l » « # , i f i B « " (Lia dao (llSc) Uilch nghi vfti „„6c nhung con CO loa, trong d dil cao rto gpi IS luc djo) diiu njy phU hep vdi ttn ggi lUa I& nuone (Mu(>ng) vk lua loc nude (V,$t).
53
nfc M^i!^' Z ^ ? , T ™ ' * ° ^ ™ -^i '^'^ ^^ ^ c h khflng con nhdc din
^ N ^ ^ 1 1 ; ? ' ' ^ ^ ' " ^ / " " ^ ° ^ « « * • ° « ^ ' ' ™ 'ho Giao Chi la
^ S a u r r V h - . ° . " ' ' ngudi di dan dd gpi nif ng dit d do la nipng
«Mg to lau m (khong cdn dmjrc gpi la i,K flieo nguoi Han nfta) vd ho Thim. dd ttm toeu ra II do nhu sau: vi dit d ddy den x i p v T k h l dit J n g ( « ) X ^ « r h o i y T - S ' ^ ™^ """^ " " " « (**3;), vi chdng CO bang chung ndo cho ^ y hp Tham ffl mi di ddn Giao Chi dl c l y vil, chu * fluiy cho S e ^ dm, t l , nghia) r l , ban cho mft y nghia hay hon Id "hung" ( m y i i mS) S c hpc gid xua nay cd vfl dd ehu quan khi kit luyn ting, khdf dly r i h l m H o i , T r , . " , ! ' * * ' ^ ^ ^ ^ < ^ chft «t gilng ChS « nflrflng ffl S to
^ b p chtt « flidnh chft « rli sau nhd Nho Vift bit chudc d l ^ i 7 d S
rft * « / ™ ^ ' - ? t ^ « = «« nhu //tfi; Hdn Thu vilt TTnic TOn Himg ( S j f e « ) 7*10, ^ „ A CAil Id TOn JVi Lgc (^M «»). Hilu bilt cua chung™!
M hpp nen khong bilt ede hpc gid Tnmg Hoa dd xdc nhyn chft ndo t Z « thi I d ^ - ^"', * ' • / < ' " / « ? ™ V ' = ' "^hft « . Ddc bif t Id d Nam Viil M flnt ^ . " * ^ ' " '™. * ' ''-''^" ' ^ « ' '•^" Thim Hodi Viln o y Idm ty d Z fltiong sfl k^ong can phai ddn ra dogn gidi thich khdc thudng viy ngZa^a t S Z ' J ^ i ^ / Z ' t ' ^ " * ^ " ' ^ * ° ' "^ " ^ S nhu Giaa CUungTg, vvch ddttmy tat c i chft ^ to Giao Chdu UrachS m nhmig v& gift y nguyen mpt ddn tdc Wiflng phdi duy nhlt, cfl ttil do ty xmig hly do ngudi LoM Z tSn vd toy aid, ki ljch su, tam li chu qumi hay khdch q u i X m f " S ^ tec D "hieu tfn nhu dto Trung Quic edn gpi Id Hoa Hy, Hoa, Hdr, T ^ g N ^ ^ ^ S Dudng vd ngudi Vift gpi hp Id Ngfl, Tdu, Bdc hay ngay ngudi TOtd&vfli ngud. ttnlu s l 1,1 gpi Id Kinh, Ddo, Keo. Xem flilttti' sy mnNamZ cti gunhanve Giao Chi cdnginSi/ffing rugng Himg v , ^ / r 4 . hay « a o C M ^ h chflp li dan Lac ruong Lgc, vua Lgc... li chuyfn A b 4 fliudng.
Thu tjch Vift liSn quan din danh xung/fflTOv,,OT7i>«Tl ,.1,1 ..A rr, -i Vii, si luge [25] (khuyl, danh ddi Trln) li g T ^ T ^ k h i "ffl * ? S ^
Ch^ d bd Gia Nmh <^ ngudi dj n i ^ ddng S ^ t ^ ^ J ^ l 7 L t
^ s a o v d y ? T h e o t o l u b i f f d ; : L r 4 K ; a C ^ r d f t S ^ * ;
Ngdn ngft so 7 ndm 2016 nha Thanh khdc sai mgt cdch cd chuy nhdm hg thip, miet thi danh hieu Himg vmmg cua ddn Vigt, nen nhd sich ndy ndm ttong bp Khdm dinh ti khi loan thu, lio vua Cdn Long, mpt ke byi ttfn dudi tay Quang Tnmg, chi dao biSn soan. Theo Khang Hy ty diln "ffi: ( ^ * « ) mmm" (6S: (Ty vyng bl), dong voi « ) vyy « = t t (chft hOu (;&) ben ttdi) vd chi cin tiiyt di nflt diu tien ben ttil t t Id ra chft 51 (bp flmch ^) cd ngto'a Id "cli gid gao", hda ra vua nguoi Vift khflng cdn Id vua Hung ( « ) flieo nghia hung dung, sieu quin, n p o i dung dau nfta md ttd ttiinh vua Hdng "cli gid gyo"!'. Ngodi ra. ngay tya de goc Bg, Viet si luge cung bj hpc gid nhd Thanh c l y cdt bd chtt Bgi tli phan chep vS Ly Thdnh Tflng rat so lupc so vdi cdc vua Ly khdc vd chdc chdn cung bj cdt bfl fliflng tin vl quie hifu "Dai Vift". Cin luu y fliem vl each Viet "dj nhdn^ vd "do flwyt", cd le nen hilu nguyen y eda tdc gii Bgi Vielsu luge chi dien dat mpt con ngudi xuit chung cd tdi tti, uy lyc nfln mdi khuat phyc dupc cic b« lac nhung do quan dilm nhi Thanh ffl c l y sua lai bang cdc y mfm cd ve man di nhu "dj nhdn" (ngudi qudi dj) "do flmdt"
(phflpfliuat huyen do). Khoang flil ki XTV, Le Tic, mpt cyu fliln nhd Tiln kh, b,en soan .4n Nam chi luge [9] dd khflng hi dd dfng din danh hif u Himg vuang md chi din Giao Chdu ngogi wc ki vdi chft i „ c (SI). Mft s l nhd sd hw: ffl v,pn cd vdo ghi chflp ndy dl gidn flip phd nh|n danh hif u Himg wang nhung fl,«, y chmig tfli. An Nam chi luge tay do chtoh nhd Nho Vift Imi votS o Trang Hoa bien so,n nhmig khflng flil fliodt khdi sy kilm duypt, sua chite a e o y do cua vua quan nhd Nguyfln ttudc khi khdc to. Nhu dd nhfn dinh d S j m - M b ^ H T^-Pt"^ V c bj riii Thanh khde sai mpt c d ^ ^ • nham^mip ^ danh hfu Himg vuang. din lupt An Nam chi luge cung ttil, nlu cd v,ct ve Hung vuang cimg sfl bj Io,i bd tk dung Lgc vuang Lo aZ T ^ „ d^ , 1 " ° " ? - '^- ^ Nam hay khi vilt vl cufc k h « ngto'a Hai Bi Tnmg dd flieo quan dilm ttnen ttilu dl gpi Id "yflu tjc", cimg khol^ ngodi sy cZ d n . kh^' f 5 f "^- ^ ^ ^ < ^ " ^ S ' ^ " hi l ™ 14 Hung todng) S ^ t ^ ^ T t T ' ^ T ^ '=''"'"^- " ^ ^ e vl tohtoh, 2 chft I , t t i l Khac nhau, khd cd chuypn lln Ifn. Ngudi chd gidi eua Bai Vii, si ki loin thu Cfl lfl b, su lifu Hin vdi chft Lgc (St) dl llm'^Id Hung(mXZ^ZZ nen khong tin Id cd Hung todng, nhung vdn tin la cd dng w^gC^Ti vSt R te i « ^ l * i . ' ° " ^ f < " ^ ^ "'*^8 ( ^ f ) ^"y^ ^^ Lmh md khdng c i / ^ S ^ v ^ " r * ° " ' ^ " ^ ' ^ •>hd Nho Vift. Trong s l 9 bdn cdn I,i cua imA Nam chich qudi [4] iiti 8 bdn chflp Hai Bd Tnmg hp Hung, ddng dfl. Hung todng chu khflng phdi li Lac todng vd chi cd 1 bdn vilt Id Lyc nmng ' ]S1I°M'*J •'i"'',,*'^ ^^y^ ^ ^ 8 '•"' T * " 5*°e vin lh«l thi phien to IS Dii vuong Hi N0U99* "' "''™''^" <"'° '•'^"^'* •"" *<" '^"'''™- •^'P ^l-. Nxb KHXH
Jini hilu lyi...
'^Z%f'^" " ""'' f^-' "^^ "^ ^ "''^ '* ^'"^ •*" ""'' l^"" Mch qudi u oan Nom Viet su diin dm ghi chflp doyn ttio chtt Han: " i , i^HSK^mt^ "
(Vua, quan^lan tirtng deu ttiieh xung Id Hung) [14] va Thien Nam ngi luc \li) T o'-^'' ",? Z ' " " * ' ^ ™ * vd Hai Bd Tnmg cung vilt Id Himg tudng Vl an^
dpc ffi/n^ (khong phdi Id ioc) dd cd bdng chung vdo nim 1659 qua ban Hch sd An Nam chep tay bdng chft Quic ngft cua Bento Thifn [5], tdc ^ d ghi l a W Z I , T- " ^> I r V ' ' ^ ^ ^ ^ " " * " " " « • T« cdc dft lifu Wn, c h t a l 101 ddt la. van dl: Nhu dd dUn lufn d ttfln. Nam Vie, chi da ghi chep vi nTng vuangv,Bungtudnglittieo dimh xmig cuachmh ngudi cl Wft d d L t ^ y S i L t ^ " f ' ^tf^l "^ """^ •^™«' ™ " ^ '•">"* cfln Imi lai ttong LmhNamchichquai, Vm dien u linh Viit su diin dm... tipsaim,, mt.it gp la Lyc vuong. Lye hlu, L,c todng (chft Lgc phifln am ^lua 'Vdc")™
chuypn ct^ hp vd ngudi c l Vift toi vdo Himg vuong. Hung hlu. Hung todng theo tap ttuyen Id chmh ding. Do dd, ttieo quan dilm chung toi, khflnHI
chuypn vilt Ilm to Lgc sang Himg ^ Nhu vjy. Hung ( « ) cd dm c l Vift l i gi vd y nghia ra sao? Trdn Quic
Vupng [21] dd tog neu gid fliuylt vl to nguyen cua Hing Id tiing phifln dm to tieng Vipt CO gan vdi tieng cun (con ttudng nganh, ttudng nhi Lang) cua tifng Mudng vd tieng khun (chi ngudi elm diu, to ttudng, nhd quy tpc ) cua ngtt he Mon - khmer vd Thdi nhu La ha, Khing, Xmh Mmi, Khmu, Thii Tdy Bac, Ldo. Lmi y Id ehinh ngudi Mudng da cd tiing ding nghia vdi Ki ttudng toi eao li bua (vua) nhu su flu Be dd, de mric da tong ndi din "bua Djt Ddng"
vi ngudi Vift till ki XVII v5n cdn ndi Id " *UA ., (^ ^^^^ ^ ^ dung ra phdi Id bua chu khflng phdi li cun vd nlu Id bua ttfl khflng toong ung vdi hung Theo fluin y, nd cd khd ndng li tiing sing (ttii vdi chit) vd tiln flidn 'Zt°,"if^'''™ " ^ / ' " ^ ^"^^ '* "^"l- ^ "^y- """S •<« Nam dich nga [26] de^ki am tieng song dd dung hai dang chft 3 ; [se,] va S [k'ui,] cho flily m ? TJ^^ * " • " " ™ * " ; ^'^ * * ^ ^ ' ^ - ^ ' - Theo Nguyin Ngpc San [13] ttid. Tien Vipt - Chut, tiing Mudng - Vift chua cd am "kh" bat hoi vay oi flil c l dm cua Wdnj Id idng. So sinh *d„g vdi am Hdn ttiupng cl Id [riuonl ' ^ T ! !:!;?' l i T ^ i '•'^^ ' • ' " ' " ' « •5"=' "^^ ' " ' ^ S ding. Cic phy dm diu r (g) vi k deu Id dm goc ludi nen cfl flil hodn chuyin, nhu biln ttil ttong each dpc chft Hdn cua ngudi Vift: guang/Unh guam/kiim gii/H cho nen [riu=nl [g^vj^,] neu dCuig ki dm cho kdng Id hpp li. Tiing Mudng cdn chi gilng dye Id mdng [16] (Vift Id song/tring) nhu co khing Id "gi u6ng" nhmig cdn dupc gpi Id khong ca (ttat ty nhu tiing Hdn) vd day chtoh Ii diu vit chung tfl khdL Id mpt to goc Hin. Theo chiing tfli, dd cfl ttil Id to himg ( « ) (aing duci vd
« dd doi chieu * n n g ( « ) [ ^ u , „ , [ g . ^ , , , =,„^„^ [khlng/king] c h L g 0 «,ong («,n^ttl„g) Id dm dpc tiing Hdn t l ciia ngudi Mudng cl d,i Ngupc la., chft Hdn « ddng dl kl dm cho tiing Vif, - Mudng khdn^ki^
56 Ngon ngft sl 7 nim 2016 Vung dit ttieo Nam Vf chi: "khi dit "Wng" rIt mdu md, den xip vi dly sue song" (smh khi). Id dit sing, nguin sing mdi cua di ddn. Rit cd ttil do chnh dan bdn dja ty gpi flieo djc dilm dfl khi xim ehilm, khai phd vdng dit infli. Ban dau ddn dit Sing gpi vua cua mtoh Id vua Sing nhmig sau khi el Vipt b, fliupc Hdn, hay cfl flie ngay to ttidi Trif u Dd flion tinh nude Au Lyc cua An Duong Vuong, ttong dfl cfl cl Vift, ngudi Vift dd dung chft Hdn di t r . , ^ . ^ r ^ " '* """^ " T ^ <*^> '°' ^ " "^y < ^ """g ft™ to dpc Hdn V.pt Id Hung wang cd flil di vdo ki uc ddn tfc Vift Nam.
Tta Iai, danh hif u Hi,ng vuang («3E) Id cd bing chdng ttiuylt phyc ttong ttiu t,ch Han va Vift. Nam Viet chi dd tilt If dda cl Vift di dan din mpt vung dat mdi de kha, khan, ttong ttpt vd dif/„av&nx4p, khiddtthi "hung'^dodd nguai ddn ggi Id rugng Hung Cai trj dit Himg cd vua Hung... Cdn Bgi Viit su luac bang mpt dien d,t khdc dd cho bilt ed mpt bgc xuit chiing a bg Gia Ninh dung tai tri chinh phgc cdc bg lgc, sau dd ldm vua tv xung Id vua Hung edng chu y Id Llnh Nam chich qudi cung kl vl chuyfn di ddn qua cdu chuyfn cha h, Au Co dem 50 con din vdng dit mdi Id dit Iiln, cao rdo vi cdng tfln ngud, anh ci Ien Idm vua, gpi Id vua Hdng (Hung vuong). Cd flil hilu Aig- thu Imh xuit Chung cda ddn cl Vipt vdi tii tti, uy lyc cda mtoh, dd chtoh phyc md de lAai khan, ttIng ttpt Luc niy cd 15 xuit hif n ten gpi nifng, dit "Hung"
^ ™ ' ^ f ' ' ! ? * ' ° » ' ' * ""h cua vdng dit mdi rit tit, mdu md, dly Zn^^d^T Ir^'^J^^' ^ ^ "•* *^"« " ^ ^ 8 dl. mdi mang to Hung da to xmig li vua Hung (Himg wang). vua cua dit Hung, ddn Hung amA » n g a n g wang cd thi li mgt danh xung do chinh ddn ci Viet ddt ra khdc hdn vdi d ^ xmig Lgc wang do ngudi Hin tyo ra khi tilp xuc v« dan' ttong lua/ocd Giao Chi ttudc Hdn fliufc.
3. Ldi kit
Qua nhftng ton hilu vl danh xung Lgc wang vi, Hung wang nhu dd 1 en gpi IS, m aac) cfl flie cd ty d^ig ban diu Id » do ngudi Hdn dung dl f£ n T l f ° ^'^' ™ "f"^ -y'^ ^ '^ "*" * "^ "'^ "^"8 trlng lua oe nude Id rnpng lyc, ngudi sing bdng nipng dd Id ngudi L,c, vua cda ngudi cd flie Id do nguta el Vift phien dm to fling Mudng - Vift Id khinjking (song), vl xua d CO Vift cd vung dit den xip ilt mdu md vd dly sue "sing"
de ttong ttpt nen dd dupc di dan gpi Id ruing, dil Sing (Hung diln), ddn sing nhd vdo nif ng ndy cung gpi Id ddn Sing (Hdng dan), cdn ngudi ttj ddn Id vuo iotg (Hung vuong), cdc ngudi phy gidp vua Id quan, ludng Song (Hung hlu.
Hung todng).
Tim hieu iai...
Ten gpi Lgc, vua Lgc = Lgc wang cd till do ngudi Hdn phien am m i Chu y ve nipng cfl ttong cdy Ida loc chii khdng phdi Id do ngudi cfl Vift to gpi, chinh vi yay no chi tin tai mpt flidi gian rli sau khflng dupc chmh
^ o , CO Vipt chip fliufn de Imi ^ y l n Ngupc lai tfln gpi Hungi^y do k i t o nguoi CO Vipt to gpi ten dat vd ngudi mtoh nen mdi cd danh xm« vi« &in^ . Himg vuong^Do io huyin ttioai, ttiu tjch vi khiu ngu dan g i r d VifVNL
^ ° d H ^ " " . 1 ' ' ^ " ^ ^ - ^ " ^ ^ "'""^ n ^ cho S n i y n l y ^ n t a dmh khong chip nhjn danh x m « l o c w o . g d u cho b i l t Z h o c ™ ttong vd ngoa, nuoc ton cong phu nhjn to diu flil ki XX din nay. '
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO '•^^^^_^('65)XDicnananvmAnnnam,ncvmLvsi,anvme,Ladnvm.bi,n
dlehnengVie,cunTbanhI^H,A,gXuanV*,DlQ„angChW^ Nxb 1 0 ^ 9 9 1 ' u f S i t S * ^ " " " chyptobdn dThuvifn Hpi chdu A, do anh 3. Dao Duy Anh, i/c* ™cd <fo/Kf/A'o™, Nxb van hoa Thflng tin, 2005.
4. Dinh Gia Khanh (chu bien), LMNam chich qudi, Nxb Van hpc (tai ban), 2001
^•^<^iChinh.LiehsichiquScngul620-16S9(,iimXNxbT6n^.20m 6. Henri Maspero, Nude Van Lang (djch Phap vin), Nhd in Thai sy, H 1948 7. Hoing van Chi Duy vdn suquan, Tu sdch Canh Nam, 1990, ngufln hnp//www
dacttung.coni/NoiDung.aspx?m=tt&id= 17652 niip.//www.
8. Khang Hy V diin, Thupng Hai Co Tjch xuit ban xd, 1997.
9. uric. An Nam chi luge, Tiin Kinh Hoa (djch), Nxb U o Dflng - Tmng Tam v5n hfla ngon ngit Dong Tay, 2009. ^ irong iam van
hapy/vi.wikipedia.an,/^1ci/ywa%83n minh l%C3%RA, „ v . ^ w » » ^ n ^ ^ ^ t ^ j ; ^
"•J!«'^^'^^l.VuaHmgdgydi,cdyliia„^,rru>^lhu,ilBlmg.^„
Hpi van nghe Dan giar, VH, Phu xuit ban, .979, xem then, A 5 T ™ h e l ^ Vie, - Muong a vung Di, To, nguSn: h t t e l ^ r n v M l m t t M o v ^ y o A v ^ ^ fliieu/-/vcmsviewcontenl/,|4Mini /.3494„ngn;,,,i;,^,.„,;^^^^^^ SISL 12 Nguyin Kim TTian vi Vuong Lpc, 77«> dm hiiu nguin gde ngi nghia cua lir i6
Lac •n'ngW™gv«™gdi„X,^(^rV),NxbKHXHH.,T974 13. Ngu>^n Ngpc San, 77„ « ^ ft^>,g ^;^, fe^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Nxb Dai hpc Su pham, 20O3. * ™'' 14NguyfaTaNhi(Suutin,chudilch,biendich) i'ie7i,i-*A~n,i„ i - x , - , Nxb van Hfla Thong Tin, 1997 '• "^f' " " « e " - i " (ban chu Nom),
Ngon ngft s l 7 n i m 2016 15. Nguyin Thi Lam (Phien chu), TTiia, Mm ngff ; ^ (thoNom), Nxb van hpc, 2001.
16. Nguyin Vdn Khang, TiDiin Muong Viet. Nxb Van hoa Dan tpc, 2002.
17. Ngudi Mudng vii vin hoa cd truyin Muong Bi (nhilu lac gia), Nxb Oy ban huyfn Tan Uc, Sd VHTT Hi Son Btah, 1988, Xem ttiem Cdi via lua. Van hfla Till fliao, nguon: httpy/lhahaovanhoa.vnA^n-hna-pai-iri/rai-vi»-l,.»n2012070in62.500540Mm 18. Tap chi Bach khoa sl 178, 179, 205, 206 /1964 vd Nguyin Phumig, Viel Nam
thai khai smh Phflng nghien clhi su Vifn Dai hpc Hue, 1965.
19. Tap chi Tri ra, sl 9/1941, sl 96,101,105/1943 vd liiu thuyit thu bdy. Sl 467/1943.
20. Ti ddn yiu thugt» S S t t l / # S + , „gu6n: http://2h.wikisoun:e.org/zh-hant/%
E9%BD%8A%E6%B0%9I%E8%A6%81%E8%AI%93/%E5%SD%B7%E7%
AC%AC%E5%8D%81
22. Trung tam Tii nguyen TTiyc vft, nguin: htto://www.,nople.com/i.rl? .MA,r„
l&q-&esn:=.s&,soiirrf-web&cd=l&ved~nrBwOFiAA*..rblittD%3A%7P>/.7 Fwww.pgn>iemamor|,vn%?FUserFile.%7FFil../,2FBan%757n..n./.^onv>,„
a/.2520hoc%2FNC%75?nn>m%^5^.0nan.rt42570rfi./.7.70ttuven%75?nL:l.,n„
. y " " " " " '^f*"'^'''"^ « K - L T n i . w M ^ a . . . , . ^ . ; ; ; : i 7 ; ; ; ^ ^
23. Vifn Khoa hpc xa hpi Vift Nam, flffi Wpr.n>tv ,<Mn rfc,, Nxb KHXH, H, 1993.
^*' H ! ' I W ' " " ' ' " ^ " ' " ' ™"'' '^""^ * ' ' " ' " " • ^ ' ^ ^"^ Tdp 3b, N X J K H X H , 25. Vietsilugc mm, nguin: httn://www.ish..,^5.eom/8m7Ql</
26. Vumg Lpc (Gidi ttiifuvd chu giii). An Nam dich ngff(bi li„ hai, cfl sua chOa va bo sung), Nxb Di Ning - Tmng tam Td diln h^:, 1997.
