J. Sci. & Devel., Vol. 10, No. 6: 8 3 6 ^ 3 Tgp chl Khoa hpc vfi Phfit tridn 2012. Tfip 10, sfi 6:836-843 www.hua.edu.vn
A N H HUANG CUA TIA N H A N H VOI KHOANH CACH TRdNG KHAC NHAU DEN SINK TRUANG. PHAT TRI^N VA N A N G SUAT DUA CHUOT B A N DjA H ' M A N G
TRdNG TAI M O C C H A U . SON U
Trfin Thj Minh Hfing'*, NguySn Qudc VlftS Ph^m Quang Thfing^'^
'Khoa Ndng hgc, Trur&ng Dgi hgc NSng nghiep Hd Npi; 'Hgc vlin cao hgc, Trir&ng Dgi hgc NSng nghiep Hd Npi; 'Khoa NSng Ldm, Tru&ng Dgi hgc Tdy Bdc;
* NghiSn cuu sinh, Trw&ng Dgi hgc NSng nghiep Hd Npi Email*: [email protected]
Ngay gfli bfii: 27.08.2012 Ngdy chdp nh§n: 12.09.2012 T 6 M TAT
Gifing dua chufit {Cucumis sativus L) cua dfing bfio H'Mfing lfi mfit trong nhO-ng logi cfiy Irdng bdn dia cfi gifi trj cua Son Le cdn dupc khai thfic, bfio tdn vfi phfit tridn mfit cfich hifu qud. Nghiin ci>u dupc thuc hifn tgi MOc Chfiu.
Son La nhfim mgc dich xfic dinh dupc khodng cfich ufing vfi bifin phfip tia nhfinh thich hprp cho cfiy dua chufit H'Mdng sinh tnrdng, phfit tridn tfit, cho nfing sudt cao, chdt lupng tfit. Thf nghifm dupc t>6 tri theo phirong phfip split-plot vd'i hai nhfin tfi lfi khodng cfich trfing vfi tia nhfinh, nhfic lgi ba idn. Cd 3 khodng cfich cfiy khfic nhau dupc nghlln cflu lfi 30cm, 40cm vfi 50 cm. tuong ung vdi 3 mfit dfi 4,6 cfiy/m*. 3,6 cfiy/m^ vfi 2,8 cfiy/m'. Cd hai bifn phfip tia cfinh lfi tia dd Igi thfin chlnh -i- 2 nhfinh vfi tia dfi Igi thfin chfnh + 3 nhfinh, so sfinh vd'i dfii chung khdng tia. Cfic chi t i l u dfinh gifi bao gdm cfic chl tilu vd smh tru'dng, phfit tridn, tinh hinh sfiu bfnh hgi. nfing sudt. cdu true vfi chdt li/png qud (dfl Brix). Kdt qufi nghiin cdu cho thdy ufing dua chufit H'Mdng vd'i khofing cfich cfiy 40cm kdt hpp bif n phfip ti'a d l Igi 3 nhfinh trin thfin chlnh thich hpp cho sinh tnrdng, phfit tridn cua cfiy 6wa chufit vfi cd nfing sudt thuc thu dgt cao nhdt (105,3 tdn/ha), cao ban gdp ddi so vfi'i trdng d khofing cfich 30cm mfi khfing tia. Trfing du'a chufit H'Mdng d khoang cfich cfiy thu>a hon (50cm) giCip cfiy sinh trudng. ra hoa dfiu qud tfit nhdt nhung nfing sudt giam do giam m|t dfi.
Tfl khda: Du'a chufit ban d|a H'Mdng, tia cfinh, khofing cfich trdng.
Effects of Pruning in Combination with Plant Spacing Variability on the Growth, Development and Yield of H'mong Indigenous Cucumber Grown in Moc Chau, Son La
ABSTRACT
The local cucumber {Cucumis sativus L.) variety cultivated by H'Mong people from long time ago is one of valuable indigenous crops of Son La that need to be etnclently exploited, conserved and developed. Our research was carried out at Moc Chau, Son La with the aim at detemiining the optimal plant spacing In combination vnth pnsper branch removal for suitable growth, development, yield and quality of H'Mong cucumber. TTie experiment was arranged in a triplicate split-plot design with two factors, plant spacing and branch removal. Three different plant spacings were 30cm, 40cm and 50cm correcsponding to three plant densities 4,6 pi were left on the main stem, 2) pruning with 3 kiwer lateral branches were left on the main stem, and 3) no pmning as control treatment. Evaluation parameters included gmwth and development characteristics, insect and disease Incidence, yield, fmit traits (length, diameter, flesh thickness and hardiness of fmll) and fmit quality (°Brix). The results showed that 40cm spacing between plants in combination with second pmning method were most suitable for the growth and development of cucumber plant. This treatment combination resulted In highest harvested yield (105.3 tons/ha), more than doubled as compared with the control (30cm plant spacing, no pmning). Planting H'Mong cucmber in wider spacing (50cm) showed the best growth, flowering and fmiting but reduced the yield due to reduced plant population.
Key words: H'Mong indigenous cucumber, branch pruning, plant spacing.
I . D A T V A N D E
Gitfng dfla chufit (Cucumis sativus L.) ciia dong bfio H'Mong d Sdn La dflpc bitft den vdi tin gpi dUa MIo la mfit trong nhdng gitfng cfiy trfing ban dia cd gia tri. Gifi'ng dua chufit nfiy dUpc dflng bfio H'Mdng gieo trflng vfi gifl gitfng tfl rfi't lau ddi. Vdi dac dilm qua to, thit qua rfi't dfiy, gidn va cfi mfli thdm rtft d$c trflng, dfla chufit H'Mfing dupc ngfldi tilu dflng rtft fla chuflng vfi cd gifi bfin tai dia phfldng cao hdn nhilu so vdi dUa chudt thflng thudng. Tuy nhiln, hiln nay dua chufit H'Mong vfin dupc ngUdi dfin canh tfic theo Itfi truyen thtfng tren nUdng rfiy nln nfing sutft rfi't thfi'p vfi chfi't lUpng khflng dflng diu.
Vile nghien cflu xfiy dUng qui trtnh ky thu$t thfim canh theo hUdng san xufi't hfing hda phfl hdp vdi dilu kiln canh tfic cua dia phUdng lfi rtft cfin thitft nhfim phfit trien san xutft gitfng dua chuflt dgc san nay tgi Sdn La.
Tia nhfinh va btf tri khoang cfich trflng lfi nhdng bifn phap ky thuat cfi anh hudng rd r i t dtfn sinh trudng, ra hoa dfiu qua, sfiu benh hgi vfi nang sutft dUa chuflt (Utobo & cs., 2010;
Premalatha & cs., 2006; Gebologlu & Saglam, 2000; Abubaker & cs., 2010). Tia nhanh gidp tao bd tan cfiy dUa chuflt thfing thofing, dl kiem sofit sau blnh hgi, thuc d^y ra hoa, dau qua, qua phat trien dflng dl'u va cd the tfing mfit dp trflng, tfing nang sutft (Wayne, 1990; Than, 1996; Humphries & Vermillion, 1994). Khi nghiin cflu ve mfit dd trflng dUa chufit, Schvambach & cs. (2002) da dUa ra kl't lufin rfing trong dfiy lfim giam hfim Ifldng chtft khfi tich luy trong qua dUa chuflt. Ktft qua nghiin cdu ciia Schleicher (2003) vfi Abubaker & cs.
(2010) con cho thtfy khi trflng dUa chufit vdi m|it dfi dfiy lfim tang kha nflng tich luy nitrate (NOS) trong qua, anh hudng dl'n chfi't Iflpng vf sinh an tofin thUc phtfm.
Gitfng dfla chufit H'Mfing cd dfic dilm cfiy sinh txudng vfi phfin nhanh rtft khde. Ktft qua budc dau nghien cflu ve bien phap tia nhanh cho gitfng dfla chufit ban dia nfiy tgi Thufin Chau, Sdn La ciia NguySn Quang Thflng (2010) cho thtfy khi trong vdi m^t do dfiy (khoang each cfiy 40 cm), biln phap tia de lgi 1 than chfnh vfi 2
thfin phy cho hifu qufi ro rft so vdi khflng tia ho$c tia dl lai thfin chfnh hofic dl lai 1 thfin chfnh vfi 1 thfin phy. Tuy nhiln chua cd nghiin cflu nfio v l mtfi quan hf gifla bifn phfip tia nhfinh vfi khoang cfich trflng ciing nhfl sfl ktft hpp ttfi flu hai bifn phfip nfiy cho gitfng dfla chufit H'Mdng. Nhfim kilm sofit sinh trUdng ciia cfiy theo hudng cd lpi, tfing ti If d^u qua, tflng nfing sutft tren mfit ddn v} difn tfch dflng thdi gfip phfin cai titfn mfiu ma qua, nghiin cdu nfiy dupc titfn hfinh dl xfic dinh bifn phfip tia nhfinh ktft hpp vdi khoang cfich trflng thfch hpp cho san xufi't gitfng dUa chufit H'Mfing tgi Mpc Chau, Sdn La.
2. VAT LifiU VA PHUONG P H A P 2.1. Vfit l i l u n g h i i n cflu
Gitfng dUa chufit ban dia cua dflng bfio H'Mfing tgi Mpc Chfiu, Sdn La
2.2. PhUflng phfip n g h i e n cflu
Thi nghifm dfldc triln khai trong vu xufin h i 2011 tai ban Ang, xa Ddng Sang, Mdc Chau.
Hgt dUdc gieo trong khay bfiu ngfiy 15/3/2011.
Khi ra hai la mfim, cay con dUpc trflng ra rufing san xufi't ngfiy 29/3/2012. Bdn lot 2 ttfn phfin hdu cd vi sinh/ha. Bdn thuc 950kg NPK Dfiu Trau (ti If 13;13:13)/ha vao cac giai dogn ra lfi thfit dfiu tiln, xutft hiln nu, bfit dfiu dfiu qua va sau khi thu hogch Ida qua dfiu. Lam gian chfl A khi cfiy xufi't hiln tua cud'n. Thudng xuyen tUdi gifllm.
Thi nghilm gom hai nhan to dUpc btf tri theo phUdng phfip split-plot. Nhan ttf d nhd gflm 3 bien Kl, K2, K3 tUdng flng vdi 3 khoang each cay khac nhau: 30cm, 40cm vfi 50cm vdi khoang cfich hfing 70cm (tfldng flng vdi 3 mfit dfi 4,6 cay/m^, 3,6 cay/m^ vfi 2,8 cfiy/m^. Nhan ttf fi Idn gflm 3 bitfn Tl, T2 vfi T3 tUdng flng .vdi 3 each tia nhanh khac nhau: de ty nhien (khfing tia - dtfi chflng), d l 2 nhfinh (thfin chinh + 2 nhfinh) vfi de 3 nhfinh (thfin chinh + 3 nhfinh). Tong stf cd 9 cflng thflc thi nghilm, nhfic lgi 3 lfin. Diln tich moi 6 thf nghifm lOm^.
Cac chi tilu theo doi bao gflm thdi gian qua cac giai doan sinh trudng chu yl'u (dUpc xfic
Anh hudng cda tia nhfinh vd'i khodnh cfich trfing khfic nhau ddn sinh trudng, phfit tridn vfi nflng sudt dua chufit bfin dia H'Mdng trfing tgi Mflc Chfiu, Son La
dinh khi 50% stf cfiy/fi xutft hifn hoa di^c/hoa cfii, bfit dfiu thu hogch vfi ktft thflc thu hogch), chilu cao vfi dfldng kfnh thfin chfnh/thfin phy, stf Ifi/thfin chfnh, stf hoa dye, stf hoa cfii, tl If d$u qua, stf qua/cfiy, khtfi lUpng trung blnh qufi, tinh hinh sfiu bfnh hgi, nfing sufi't cfi thi, nfing sutft thyc thu, nfing sufi't l^ thuytft, d$c dilm cfi'u trdc (dfi dfii, dfldng kfnh, dfi dfiy thjt vfi dfi cflng qufi) vfi chtft lupng qufi (dfi brix). Stf Ufu dflpc xd 1^
thtfng kl bfing phfin mIm IRRISTAT 5.0.
3. K^T QuA vA THAO LUAN
3.1. Anh hfldng ciia khofing cfich trdng ktft hUp vdi bifn phfip tia nhfinh dtfn khfi nfing sinh trfldng vfi phfit t r i l n cua dfla chupt bfin dia H'Mdng
3.1.1. Th&i gian sinh tritdng
Vifc cfit tia vfi btf trf khofing cfich trflng trong thf nghiem khfing finh hfldng dtfn thdi gian xutft hifn cfic lfi thfit ban dfiu vfi tua cutfn vi thdi gian nfiy cfiy cdn nhd, chfla phfin nhfinh, cfiy chfla giao tfin. 0 tfi't ca cfic cong thflc thf nghifm, sau trong 6 ngfiy deu xufi't hien lfi th^t dfiu tiln vfi sau 19 ngfiy xufi't hien tua cutfn. Khoang 20 ngfiy sau trflng, cay dua chufit bflt dfiu ra nhfinh. Nhdng nhfinh ra dfiu tiln dUdc tia bd, chi gifl lai 2 - 3 nhfinh titfp theo tdy tflng cfing thflc thf nghifm, sau dd titfp tyc tia bd cfic nhfinh phfa trin b thfin chfnh. Ktft qua theo ddi v l thdi gian qua cfic giai
dogn sinh trfldng chii ytfu cua cfiy dfla chufit dUpc trtnh bfiy trong bfing 1.
Ktft qua bfing 1 cho thtfy bifn phfip tia nhfinh vfi btf tri khofing cfich trflng khfic nhau cfi finh hfldng dtfn khfi nfing ra hoa ciia dfla chuft H'Mfing. Tuy nhiln sd chlnh Ifch v l thdi gian xutft hifn hoa di,tc vfi hoa cfii gifla cfic cfing thdc khfing nhilu, ch! 3-4 ngfiy. Trong dd d cac cdng thflc trflng thUa (70cm x 60cm) vfi tia di lgi 2-3 nhfinh, cfiy ra hoa dye vfi hoa cfii sdm, cho thu hogch qufi sdm nhtft (66 ngfiy sau trflng), sdm hdn mfit tufin so vfii doi chflng trflng dfiy (70cm x 30cm) vfi khfing tia. Ktft qua nfiy ngflpc vdi cfing btf cua Than (1996) vfi Utobo & cs. (2010). Ktft qua nghiin cflu cua cfic tfic gia nfiy cho thtfy tia nhfinh kdo dfii thdi gian ra hoa ciia cfic gitfng dfla chuflt thUdng mgi. Si^ khfic bift v l finh hudng cua tia nhfinh trong nghiin cflu cd t h i do gitfng dUa chupt H'Mdng cfi khfi nfing sinh trUdng sinh dudng vfi de nhfinh rtft khde. Vi vfiy, bifn phap tia chi gifl lgi 2-3 nhfinh phfin nfio hgn chtf sinh trudng sinh dfldng cua gitfng dua chufit H'Mfing vfi kfch thfch ra hoa sdm hdn mfit chut. Thdi gian sinh trfldng (tfnh tfl khi trflng dtfn khi ket thflc thu hogch) d cfic cflng thdc dfii hdn doi chflng trflng dfiy (70cm x 30cm) vfi khflng tia tfl 1 dtfn 11 ngfiy. Cfic cfing thdc cd tia de lgi 3 nhfinh cd thdi gian sinh trudng dfii hdn hfin so vdi cfing thflc khfing cfit tia tfl 8-11 ngfiy.
Bfing 1. Anh hfldng cua k h o a n g cfich trdng ktft h ^ p vdi bi^n phfip tia nhfinh dtfn thdi gian qua cfic giai d o a n sinh trfldng chu ytfu cua gid'ng dfla c h u ^ t bfin dia H'Mong CflnO Khoing cich trdng
thifclhf
nghifm (hing x ciy)
Bi$n phip tfa nhfinh
ThM glan t£r trdng ddn ... (ngiy) Xudt hi$n nu hoa
di/c diu tiin
Xudthl«nnu hoa cii ddu din
Bit ddu thu hogch
Kdt thOc thu hoach K1T1
K1T2 KITS K2T1 K2T2 K2TS K3T1 K3T2 K3T3
70cm X 30cm 70cm X 30cm 70cm X 30cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 50cm 70cm X 50cm 70cm X 50cm
Khdng tia Dd 2 nhinh Dd 3 nhinh KhOng tia Dd 2 nhinh Dd S nhinh KhOng 8a Dd 2 nhinh Od S nhinh
57 56
3.1.2. Dac di^m sinh tru'dng th&n Id Khoang cfich trflng khfic nhau ktft hpp vdi biln phfip tia nhanh cd anh hfldng ro rft dl'n sinh trudng sinh dfldng cua gitfng dua chufit H'Mfing, bilu hien d cfic chi tilu chieu dfii vfi dudng kinh thfin chinh, thfin phy vfi stf lfi trin than chfnh (Bang 2).
Trflng vdi khoang cfich cfiy thfla (40-50cm) ktft hdp vdi tia nhfinh gidp cfiy sinh trfldng khde, than dai va dfldng kfnh thfin m§p hdn so vdi dfil chflng trong dfiy (khoang each cfiy 30cm) vfi khdng
tia. D^Lc bift lfi bifn phap tia nhfinh lfim tfing dfing k l chilu dfii vfi dfldng kfnh thfin chfnh, than phy b mflc sai khfic nhd nhfi't cd ^ nghia LSDgos- Ket qua nfiy phfl hpp vdi ktft qua nghiin cflu cua Than (1996) vfi Utobo & cs. (2010).
3.1.3. Kha ndngra hoa, d^u qua Gitfng dfla chufit H'Mfing thufic loai cfiy ddn tinh cflng gfic nln cd stf hoa dflc trin cfiy nhilu, hoa dye xutft hifn d hfiu htft cac nach lfi. Ti II hoa cfii chi chitfm khoang 10 -14% so vdi hoa dUc.
Bfing 2. Anh hfldng cua khofing cfich t r o n g ktft h ^ p vdi tia nhfinh dtfn mpt so'dgc diem sinh trfldng chu ytfu cua dfla chupt bfin dia H'Mdng th""?,i '5,^?^"9i'=^
nahifim (hing x ciy)
Chldu dii thin (cm) Duri/ng kinh thin (mm) Thin
chlnh
Sd l i tren t h i n chlnh
39,5 46,5 45.6 41.8 47,6 47,4 44,2 50,5 49.0
S d t h i n phv 6.2 2,0 3,0 8.3 2.0 3.0 9.8 2,0 3,0 K1T1
K1T2 KITS K2T1 K2T2 K2T3 K3T1 K3T2 K3TS
70cm X 30cm 70cm X 30cm 70cm X 30cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 50cm 70cm X 50cm 70cm X 50cm
Khdng tia Dd 2 nhdnh Dd 3 n h i n h KhAng b'a Dd 2 n h i n h Dd 3 nhSnh Khfing tia D l 2 nhanh Dd 3 n h i n h
293,6 321,5 S1S,5 309.4 327,3 324,7 310,3 345,9 346.7
131,9 159,9 153,5 138,5 181,7 167,4 142,0 191,1 173,6
13,5 14,8 14,7 14.1 15,3 15,5 14.6 15.6 15.9 LSDo.ce (khoang cich)
LSDoos (8a nhanh) LSDcos (khoang cich x tia nhinh)
26,9 17,9 31,0
0.6 0.5
B a n g 3. Anh hfldng cua khofing cfich t r o n g ktft htfp vdi t i a nhfinh dtfn khfi n a n g r a h o a dfiu q u a cua dfla chuot b a n dia H'Mdng cone
ttliJC
K i n K1T2 KITS K2T1 K2T2 K2T3 K3T1 K3T2 K3T3
Khoing cteh (hdng X cay)
70cm X 30cm 70cm X 30cm 70cm X 30cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 50cm 70cm X SOcm 70cm X 50cm L5D(i,u {khoing cSch) LSDaw (tia nhdnh)
Sign phdp lla nhdnh
Khing iTa D l 2 nhdnh o i 3 nhdnh Khfing tia 0 4 2 nhdnh
€}i3nhdnh KhOng tia O i 2 nhdnh D43nhdnh
LSDo,os (khodng c ^ h x lla nhdnh) Thdn chlnh 52.4 56,7 57.4 62.4 59.8 58.7 57,4 58,0 60.4
S6 hoa dm Thdn
phy 74,2 32,5 57.2 S6,2 36,4 60.1 91,0 45.4 66,3
Ting s6 126.6 69,2 114.6 148,6 98,2 116.8 148.4 104,3 126,7 4,7 6 , 7 ' 11.5
ntSn chlnh 3,4 3,6 3,2 3.6 4.5 3,8 3,4 4,6 4.5
s i hoa cdi Thdn
phg 10,3 7,6 11,8 12,2 8.5 12.S 12.7 8,6 12,6
Ting s6 13.7 11.2 15.0 15,8 13.0 16,7 15,1 12.2 17.1 1,2 0,5 0.8
ni$i]duqud(%) Thfln chlnh 47,1 50,0 62,5 50.0 45.7 55.3 81.8 54,3 57.8
Thdn phv 25.2 46.1 32,2 41,0 62,4 52,7 40,6 53.5 57.9
Todn cdy 30.7 47.3 38,7 43,0 56,9 53,3 55,6 58,2 57.0
hoaiJu'c
(%)
10.8 12.6 13,1 10,6 13,2 14.1 10,2 11.7 13,5
Anh hudng cCia tia nhfinh vdi khodnh cfich trfing khfic nhau ddn sinh trudng, phfit tridn vfi nfing sudt dua chufit bfin dia H'Mdng trfing tgi Mfic Chfiu, Son La
"fia nhfinh da lfim giam rd rft stf Iflpng hoa di;(c tren cfiy do giam atf hoa t r i n thfin phy (Bang 3). Khoang cfich trflng khfic nhau cQng cd anh hfldng dl'n stf Ifldng hoa dye. Khi tflng khoang cfich cfiy tfl SOcm lfin 40cm vfi 50cm, stf Iflpng hoa dye tfing dfing k l d mflc sai khfic nhd nhfi't cd Jr nghia LSDooj. Khoang cfich trflng thfla (khoang cfich cfiy 40 - 50cm) ktft hpp vdi bifn phfip tia dl lgi 1 thfin chfnh vfi 3 nhfinh cho stf hoa cfii nhilu nhfi't dgt 16,7 - 17,1 hoa/cfly. Bifn phfip tia dl lgi 1 thfin chfnh vfi 2 nhfinh cho stf hoa cfii ft hdn ca dtfi chflng khfing tia. 0 cfic cflng thdc trflng thua (khoang cfich cfiy 40 - 50cm), stf Iflpng hoa cfii nhilu hdn dfing k l so vdi trflng khoang cfich cfiy 30cm. Khoang cfich cfiy vfi tia nhfinh anh hudng dtfn ti If d^u qud. Khoang cfich cfiy tfing tfl 30cm dtfn 60cm lfim tfing ti If dfiu qua blnh qufin tfl 38,9% Iln 57,2%. Cfic cflng thflc tia nhfinh cfi ti If d^u qua cao hdn hfin cdng thflc khdng tia. Humphries vfi Vermillion (1994) cung cho rfing tia cfiy cd tfic dyng duy trt su cfin bfing hpp 1^ gifla sinh trudng sinh dudng vfi ra hoa dfiu qua, nhd dd giup nfing cao nfing sufi't dfla chufit.
3.2. Tinh h i n h n h i e m s a u b f n h h a i t r e n dong r u o n g c u a dfla c h u o t b a n dia H'Mdng vdi khofing cfich t r o n g khfic n h a u ktft h ^ p vdi b i l n phfip cat tia nhfinh
Ruoi dye qufi (Bactrocera cucumis) vfi virus CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) lfi hai doi tupng xufi't hifn vfi gay hgi chii ytfu tren dUa chufit
H'Mflng trflng vy xufin h i t r i n dtft vUdn tgi ban Ang, xfi Dfing Sang, tuy nhiln mflc dfi gfiy hgi tudng dtfi nhp (Bfing 4). Ti If qufi bi rufli dye vfi ti lfi cfiy b) virus cao nhtft tfldng flng lfi 12,5% vfi 4.8 - 6,1% d cfing thflc trflng dfiy (khoang cfich cfiy SOcm) vfi khflng tia. Trflng vdi mfit dfi, khofing cfich thfch hpp, cfit tia cfinh tgo bfi tfin thfing thofing gidp duy trtnh sy chuyin dfing cua khfing khf, dfi fim cilng nhfl cai thifn chtf dp chitfu sfing bin trong tfin, nhd dfi lfim gifim kha nfing phfit sinh, phfit triln vfi gfiy hgi cua sfiu bfnh (Papadopaulos, 2012).
3.3. Anh hfldng c u a khofing cfich t r d n g ktft h ^ p vdi bi$n phfip t i a nhfinh dtfn cfic ytfu to cfi'u thfinh nfing sutft, nfing sutft vfi chat Iflping cua dfla c h u ^ t bfin dia H'Mdng 3.3.1. C&c yd'u td' cd'u thanh n&ng suat va n&ng Bu&'t
Khoang cfich trflng khac nhau ktft hpp vdi bifn phfip tia nhfinh khfic nhau cd finh hudng ro rft dtfn stf qua trin cfiy, khtfi Ifldng qua vfi nfing sufi't (Bang 5). Stf qua/cfiy nhilu nhtft vfi khtfi Iflpng qua Idn nhfi't dgt dflpc d cfing thflc K2T3 vfi K3T3 (khofing cfich cay 40 - SOcm, d l 3 nhfinh) vdi 8.9 - 9,9 qua/cay vfi 381,8 - 388,8g/qufi.
Stf qua b hai cflng thflc nfiy nhilu hdn gtfp dfli so vdi cflng thflc K l T l (khoang cfich cay 30cm, khfing tia) vdi sai khfic cd ^ nghia d mdc LSDo,o6. Stf qua trin cfiy tfing ti II thufin vdi khoang cfich cay tfing trong phgm vi tfl 30- SOcm B a n g 4. A n h hfldng cua khofing cfich t r d n g ktft h ^ p vdi t i a nhfinh
dtfn t i n h h i n h n h i l m s a u b ^ n h hai trfin ddng r u ^ n g c u a dfla c h u ^ t bfin dia H'Mdng Cdng thi>c thi nghi$m
K1T1 K1T2 K1T3 K2T1 K2r2 K^rs K3T1 K3T2 K3T3
Khoing cich (hing x ciy) 70cm X 30cm 70cm X SOcm 70cm X SOcm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 50cm 70cm X 50cm 70cm X SOcm
Bi$n phip 8a nhinh Khdng tia Od 2 nhinh Dd S nhinh KhAng 8a Dd 2 nhinh Dh3 nhinh KhAng tia Dd 2 nhinh Dd 3 nhinh
Ty 1$ qui bj njfii due
(%)
12,5 8.4 9.4 9.6 6.4 4,2 8,8 4,2 3,3
Ty 1$ ciy bj virus
(%)
4,8 4.6 5.1 4.6 3,8 1,4 3.2 2.3 0,6
B a n g 5. Anh hfldng cua k h o a n g cfich t r d n g ktft h ^ vdi tia nhfinh dtfn ytfu to ca'u thfinh nang sufi't vfi nfing sufi't cua dfla c h u ^ t b a n dia H'Mdng
nghifm (f^^noXciy) (qui)
Khdi lu'png trung blnh qui (gam)
Ning sudt Ning sudt c i thd thyc thu (g/ciy) (lin/ha)
Ning suit 1^ thuydt (tdn/ha) K1T1
K1T2 KITS K2T1 K2T2 K2T3 K3T1 K3T2 K3T3
70cm X SOcm 70cm X SOcm 70cm X SOcm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 50cm 70cm X 50cm 70cm X 50cm
KhAng tia D d 2 n h i n h D d 3 n h i n h KhAng tia Dd 2 n h i n h Dd 3 nhdnh KhAng tia Dd 2 n h i n h Dd 3 n h i n h
351,6 375,4 379,6 366,6 372,6 388,8 368,6 385,7 381,6
1476,7 1969,6 2201.7 2507.8 2757,2 3460.3 3096.2 2738,5 3779.8
47.9 69.5 75.9 71,1 82,1 105.3
72,7 69.8 85.6
67.9 91,5 101,3 90,3 99.3 124.6 86.7 76,7 105,8 LSDa.Ds (khoing cdch)
LSDow (tia n h i n h ) LSDo.(K (khoang c i c h x tia n h i n h )
0,5 0,5 0,8
12.8 5,6 9,7
214.3 210.4 364,4
3.4 1.6 2.8
d cfing thflc trflng vdi khoang cfich cfiy 50cm, stf qua trung binh/cay lfi nhieu nhtft, dat 8,5 qua, Trong khi dd vdi khoang cfich cay SOcm, stf qua trung binh/cfiy chl dgt 5,1 qua. l l a nhanh cung cd cai thien kha nflng d$u qua, qua do lfim tang so qua d|iu/cay. So qua/cay va khtfi lUdng qua d cac cfing thdc tia nhfinh nhin chung diu cao hdn so vdi khfing tia. Tuy nhiln d khoang cfich trfing thUa (khoang each cfiy 50cm), khi tia chi d l 2 nhanh lgi cho so qua/cay it hdn so vdi doi chflng khdng tia. Khi tia dl 3 nhfinh cho so qua/cay nhilu hdn so vdi d l 2 nhanh nhflng khoi lUdng qua Igi khdng sai khfic gifla hai cfing thflc nfiy.
Dm vdi nang sutft ciia dUa chupt H'Mfing, mfic du khi trong thfla (khoang each cfiy SOcm) nflng sutft cfi the cao nhUng do giam m^t dp nen nfing sutft 1^ thuytft va thflc thu thtfp hdn so vdi cfic cflng thdc trflng vdi khoang each dfiy hdn. Trflng thua (khoang each cfiy SOcm) ktft hpp tia de lgi 3 nhfinh cho nang sutft cfi t h i cao nhtft (3779,8 g/cay) song nang sutft ly^ thuytft vfi thflc thu diu thtfp hdn dang k l so vdi cfing thflc K2TS (khoang each cfiy 40cm, de 3 nhanh). C^ng thflc trflng dfiy (khoang each cay SOcm) va khflng tia cho nflng sutft thtfp nhfi't, nfing sufi't ca thi chi dgt 1476,7 kg/cfiy, nfing suat thflc thu dgt 47,9 tSai/ha.
3.3.2. Dac didm CULU true va chat lifting qua Ctfu true qua dUa chudt dUpc dfinh gia qua cac chi tilu chilu dfii, dudng kinh vfi dp day thit qua. Dfl cflng vfi dp Brix la hai chi tilu phan anh cha't lupng qua dua chufit. Ktft qua theo doi dupc trinh bay trong bang 6.
Khoang each trong khac nhau anh hudng khfing dfing k l (d mflc sai khfic nhd nhfi't cfi f nghia LSDQOB) dl'n chieu dai, dudng kinh va dfi day thit qua dUa chufit H'Mfing. Tuy nhiln tia nhfinh vfi tUdng tac gifla tia nhanh vfi khoang cfich trflng finh hudng dang k l dtfn cac chi tieu nfiy. Tia d l lgi 3 nhfinh lam tang kich thufic chilu dfii, dudng kinh va dp day thit qua ro ret so vdi cfing thflc khdng tia. Gida cac cfing thflc ktft hpp 2 yl'u ttf khoang cfich va tia cfinh, 3 cfing thflc K2T2 (khoang cfich cay 40cm, de 3 nhfinh), K3T2 (SOcm, 2 nhfinh) vfi K3T3 (SOcm, 3 nhanh) cfi kich thudc qua Idn hdn han so vdi cac cfing thflc khdng tia vfi trflng vdi khoang cfich dfiy hdn (30-40cm), cd y nghia d mflc LSDooj. Trflng vdi khoang cfich cfiy 40-50cm ktft hpp tia nhanh lfim tflng dfing k l (d mdc LSDQOB) dp day thit qua so vdi trflng khoang each cfiy 30cm vfi khfing tia.
Anh hudng cua tia nhfinh vdi khofinh cfich trfing khfic nhau ddn sinh trudng, phfit tridn vfi nfing sufit dua chufit bdn dia H'Mfing trdng tgi Mflc Chfiu, Son La
B a n g 6. Anh hfldng cua khofing cfich t r d n g ktft hpip vdi tia nhfinh dtfn cfi'u t r u e vfi chfi't Ifldng qufi dfla c h u ^ t bfin d\a H'Mdng Cdng thi>c
thi nghifm Khoing cich
(hing x ciy) Bi^n phip lla nhinh Chidu dil
qui (cm) Ou-dng kinh qui
(cm)
D9 diy th|t qui (mm)
Df ci>ng qui (kgf) K1T1
K1T2 K1T3 K2T1 K2T2 K2TS K3T1 K3T2 KST3
70cm X SOcm 70cm X 30cm 70cm X SOcm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X 40cm 70cm X SOcm 70cm X 50cm 70cm X 50cm
KhAng tta Dd 2 nhinh Dd 3 nhinh KhAng tia Dd 2 nhinh Dd 3 nhinh Khdng 8a Od 2 nhinh od 3 nhinh
15.3 16.2 16.5 15.6 16.0 17.6 16,9 17.8 18,1
18,8 18,7 19,2 19,1 21,2 21,1 19,6 20,1 21.4
4,3 4.S 4.3
LSDcKs (khoing cich) LSDou (tia nhinh) LSDoce (khoing cich x tfa nhinh)
1.8 1,2 2,0
0,6 0,5 0,9
2.4 1.3 2,2
Chfi't lupng qua dUpc danh gifi qua 2 chi tieu: dp cflng qua vfi dfi brix. Trflng cfiy vdi khoang cfich 40-50cm kl't hpp tia nhfinh lfim tfing dp cflng cua qua so vdi trflng khoang cfich SOcm vfi khong tia nhfinh. Cfing thflc K2T3 vfi KST3 cfi dp cflng qua Idn nhfi't tUdng flng dgt 8,2 vfi 8,0kgf, trong khi dd d cflng thdc K l T l dfi cdng qua chi dgt 6,5kgf. Tuy nhiln vdi chi tilu dp brix cua qua, tia nhfinh vfi khoang cfich trflng finh hudng khflng dfing k l . Dfi brix cua qua d cfic cfing thflc thi nghifm dao dpng tfl 4,1 - 4,3.
4. KET LUAN
Trflng dua chufit ban dia cua dflng bfio H'Mflng t r i n dtft vUdn tai Mfic Chfiu, Sdn La vfii khoang cfich hfing 70cm, khoang cfich cfiy 40cm ktft hpp vdi tia d l lai 3 nhfinh (cflng thflc K2T3) lfi thfch hpp nhfi't, cho hifu qua ttft nhfi't, bilu hiln cfiy sinh trUdng khoe, ra hoa, dfiu qua ttft, ft bi sau due qua vfi virus gay hgi, cho nfing sufi't thuc thu cao nhtft dat 105,3 ttfn/ha, qufi to, thit qua dfiy vfi chfic. Trong khoang cfich hfing 70cm vfi khoang cfich cfiy SOcm ktft hpp tia d l lai 3 nhfinh cho stf qua nhieu nhtft, nfing sutft cfi t h i dat cao nhtft nhflng nfing sutft 1^ thuytft vfi thflc thu thtfp hdn (105,8 tfi'n 1^ thuytft, 85,6 tfi'n thi^c thu) do giam mfit do cay.
L6I CAM ON
Nfii dung bfii bfio nfiy lfi mflt trong nhdng ktft qua d l tfii ctfp Bfi "Nghiin cdu phfit triln gitfng dua chufit ban dia cua dflng bfio H'Mfing tinh Sdn La", mfi stf: B 2011-11-05. Chung tfli xin trfin trpng cam dn Bp Gifio dye vfi Dfio tgo, trudng Dgi hpc Nfing nghifp Hfi Npi dfi ho trd kinh phf vfi tgo dilu kifn giflp chung tfli hofin thfinh dupc nghiin cflu nfiy.
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