KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
GIAI P H A P IVAIMG CAD SIJ HAI LOIVG CIJA IXlGUbl DAIXI V E T H U C HIEIXI T I E U C H I M D I TRUOIXIG TROIXIG X A Y DIJIXIG IXIOIXIG THOIXI l U O l
T A I H U Y E I V T U K Y , TilXIH H A I DUOIXIG
Nguyen van SongS Vuong Tlii Kh^nh Huy^nS Nguyen XuSn Di$p^
T6MTAT
Nghien ciiu da sir dung cac phuong phap phan tich truyen tiidng va phuong phap phan tich nhan to kham pha voi 283 m^u trong do c6 270 m^u di^u tra ho dan duoc sir dung de danh gia mirc dp hai long cua nguoi dan ve thuc hien tieu chi moi truang trong xay dung NTM cila huyen Tii Ky, tinh Hai Duong. K^t qua phan tich cho th^y muc do hai long cua nguoi dan dat trung binh 3,84 diem cho thang do Likert 5 cap dp, day la muc dirai hai long va tr&n muc binh thuong, trong do nhan td "Nha tieu, nha tam va b^ chira nude smh hoat hpp ve sinh" dat miic hai long cao nhat vm 4,07/5 diem. 'Thu gom va xu ly chat thai" la nhan td co di^m danh gia thap nhat vdi diem trung binh 3,35/5. Tu phan tich nhan td kham pha va phan tich hdi quy da bien da chi ra 6 nhan td cd anh huong mdt each dang ke den su hai ldng cua ngudi dan theo thu tir tac dpng tir cao d^n thap nhu sau: (1) Mdi trudng tai co sd san xuat - kinh doanh, nudi trdng thuy san, lang nghe, ho chan nudi; (2) Canh quan mdi truong; (3) Thu gom va xu ly chat thai; (4) Nude hpp ve sinh va nude sach;
(5) Khu nghia trang va mai tang; (6) Nha tieu, nha tam va be chiia nircrc sinh hoat. Dua tr^n ket qua nghien ciiu va phan tich, mdt sd giai phap va bien phap cu the da duoc dua ra nham nang cao su hai long cua ngudi dan ddi voi vi^c thuc hien tieu chi mdi truong trong xay dung NTM cua huyen Tii Ky.
TiJf khoi: Suhailong, tbucbiSn, tieu chi moi tru&ng, nong thon mdi, TiiKy
1. BAT VAN BE
Tieu chi moi huong la tieu chi thu 17 trong 19 ti^u chi ciia B6 ti6u chi Qudc gia v^ xa nong thon moi (NTM) giai doan 2016-2020 do Thii tuong Chinh phu (2016) ban hanh va duoc xac dmh la 1 trong 4 tieu chi CO ban (thu nhap, vi6c lam, hg ngheo, moi truang).
Tieu chi moi tmong duoc danh gia la tieu chi kho thuc hien nhat. Tinh den het nam 2015 - nam ket thiic cua chirong hinh muc tieu Quoc gia (IVITQG) v^
xay dung NTM giai doan I, ca nuoc co 1.674 xa va 11 don vi cap huyen duoc cong nhan dat chuan NTM, tuy nhien ty le cac xa dat tieu chi sd 17 v^ moi huong chi dat 42,4%, tifeu chi dat ty le thap nhat (Chu Hong Chau, 2016). Thdng ke den thang 4/2017, ca nuoc co 33 huyen va 2.656 xa (29,76%) dugc cong nhan dat chuan NTM, 4.525 xa dat tieu chi moi barong, chiem ti trgng 50,7% (Van Hao, 2018). De nang cao hieu qua thtrc hien b&u chi moi trtrong trong xay dung NTM can thiet phai danh gia su hai long cua ngiroi dan, boi viec danh gia ket qua cua thuc hien moi truong NTM
khong chi la danh gia ket qua thuc hi6n cac tieu chi ma suy cho ciing chinh la viec xac dinh nguoi dan co thuc su dupc huong thu thanh qua ciia qua trinh xay dimg NTM hay khong. Vi nguoi dan vira la ngtroi tham gia thuc hien vira la nguoi huong thu cuoi cimg cua hoat dong nay. Va vi hg la nguoi tiep can gan nhat voi mgi van de cua dia phuong nen chinh ho moi la nguoi cam nhan va dua ra chinh xac tinh hieu qua, thi^t thuc cua viec xay dung, thuc hien chuong trinh (Nguyen Mau Thai, 2015).
Theo Oliver (1997), su hai long la muc do cua trang thai cam giac ctia mgt nguoi bat nguon tir viec so sanh k^t qua thu duoc tir san pham voi nhung ky vpng cua nguoi do. Bo Gattis (2010), su hai long la mirc dp phan ung ciia chii th^ sir dung dich vu doi voi viec uoc lugng su khac nhau giira nhung mong muon truoc do va sir the hi^n thuc su cua san pham nhu la mpt su chap thuan sau khi su dung dich vu.
Su hai long khach hang dupc dinh nghia nhu la mgt SII danh gia toan dien vk sir su dung mot dich vu hoac hoat dgng sau ban ciia doanh nghiep va day chinh la diem cot loi cua mo hinh chi sd hai long ciia khach hang CSl (Customer Satisfaction Index) (Fomell et al., 1996). Theo Kotler va Keller (2006), ' Hpc vien Ndng nghidp yi?t Nam
"Tmdng Dai hpc Kmh td va Quan Ui Kinh doanh. Dai hpc Thii Nguyen
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
sv hai long la miic dp trang thai cam giac ciia mpt ngudi bat nguon tir viec so sanh nhan thuc vk mot san pham so vdi mong doi ctia ngiroi do.
Tu Ky la mgt don vj hanh chinh cap huy^n thupc tinh Hai Duong, nam b phia Dong Nam cua tinh.
Thai di^m bat ddu trien khai xay dung NTM, nhiing ti^u chi quan trpng nhu giao thong, thuy loi, tnrang hgc, thu nhap, moi tnrang... gan nhu chua co xa nao dat. La huyfin ngheo, ngu6n von dau tu cho xay dung NTM r^t 1cm, trong khi huy ddng nguon von xa hpi hoa cdn han che do doi song nguoi dan con nhiku kho khan. Tuy nhifin d^n h^t nam 2018. huyfin Tu Ky CO 12/26 xa vk dich NTM, dat trung binh 16,4 tifiu chi/xa so voi miic trung binh cua toan tinh la 17,4 tieu chi/xa (Phu Phuang, 2019).
Muc tifiu a i a bai bao nay nham phan anh k^t qua nghifin cuu muc dp hai long cua ngu6i dan ve thuc hifin tifiu chi moi truang trong xay dung NTM ciia huyfin, tir d6 dk xuat mot sd giai phap huu hifiu nham ting cuong sir hai long cua nguoi dan ve thuc hi?n tifiu chi moi trudng trong xay dung NTM ciia huyen TOr Ky, Hai Duong.
Z. PHUDNG PHAPNBHfiU CDU 1 2.1. Chpn di^m nghign c i ^
2.1.1. Chpn diem nghiin cuu
Phuong phap chpn mau dieu tra, khao sat dupc thuc hifin: Budc 1. Chon mlu di^n hinh; Buoc 2.
Chpn mau ngau nhifin theo phuong phap nit tham d l lira chpn ra cac hg gia dinh va ddi tuang difiu tra.
Huy?n Tu Ky co 01 thi tran va 26 xa. Trong tdng sd 26 xa tien hanh xay dung NTM thi tinh den thai diem hdt nam 2018, huyen Tu Ky co 12/26 xa dat chuan NTM, 6 xa dat tir 14 -18 tifiu chi; 6 xa dat 12 - 13 tieu chi; con lai 3 xa dat hi 10 -11 tieu chi (Thanh Ha, 2019).
De danh gia su hai long cua nguin dan ve thuc hifin tifiu chi mdi truong b-ong xay dung NTM ti-fin dia ban huy^n, de tai lua chgn 3 xa dai dien cho 3 nhdm hoan thanh tieu chi moi Q-udng trong xay dung NTM khac nhau gom: Nhom 1 hoan thanh dugc nhieu tieu chi nhat (sd tifiu chi dat 19 tieu chO; nhom 2 la nhom hoan thanh tifiu chi NTM d mirc tmng binh (sd tifiu chi dgt 12-18 tieu chO: nhom 3 thuc hi^n NTM dat it tifiu chi nhat (sd lii'u chi dat dudi 11 tifiu chl). Do do cac xa dai difin dupc lua chgn de thu thap sd hfiu, bao gdm:
Nhdm 1: Dai difin la xa Tan Ky, dat 19/19 tifiu chi - xa duy nhat ti-ong huy^n dang ky NTM nang cao vao nam 2019. Nhom 2: Dai difin la xa Quang Phuc, dat 17/19 tifiu chi - xa phan dau dat NTM vao nam 2019 (xa da dat dupc tifiu chi moi tiTidng).
Nhom 3: Dai difin la xa Dai Hpp, dat 11/19 tieu chi, ti-ong dd chua dat tieu chi ve mdi hudng.
2.1.2. Chpn miu dieu tra
Ddi vdi md hinh phan tich nhan td kham pha theo Hair etal. (2016), kich thudc mau dupc xac dinh dua vao: (1) Kich thudc tdi thieu va (2) Sd lupng bidn dua vao phan tich cua md hinh.
(1) Kich thudc tdi tiiieu (Mm) = 50; (2) Sd luong bien dua vao phan tich cua md hinh. Nfiu md hinh cd m thang do, Pj la sd bien quan sat ciia thang do thirj.
Ty lfi cua mku so vdi 1 bien phan tich (k) 1^ 5/1 hoac 10/1.
Trong nghifin cuu nay da su dung 6 thang do vdi tdng 37 bidn, vdi sd mau dupc chon gap tir 5-10 lan sd bien sfi la tii 185-370 mlu.
Da lira chpn dieu b-a 270 ho dan va 13 phieu dan la can bg UBND cap huyfin, xa. Tdng sd mau didu tra la 283 mlu.
2.2. Phuang phAp phan tich va xii ly s6 li^u 2.2.1. Phuongphip so sanh
Phuong phap nay dupc su dung de xem xet xu hudng bidn ddng va miic do bien dpng ciia tinh hinh thuc hifin tieu chi mdi trudng theo sd lieu chudi thdi gian dupc thu thap tu nam 2016 ddn 2018 va sd li§u khdng gian d cac xa khac nhau, xa dat chuan NTM va xa chua dat chuan NTM nhim chi ra su khac bidt ve muc dd hai ldng cua ngudi dan ve xay dung NTM d cac xa khac nhau thi muc do khac nhau nhu thd nao? Phan tich so sanh su khac bifit ve cac van dd cd lien quan, nhung mong dai trong xay dung mdi trudng NTM ciia ngudi dan.
2.2.2. Phuongphap thdng ki mo ta
Muc dich cua phuong phap nay la danh gia miic dp tap trung, phan tan ciia cac thang do, cac bien quan sat trong mdi thang do cua md hinh nghifin cuu thdng qua cac gia tin baing binh, dp l ^ h chuan nham dua ra mpt quan sat tdng the vd cac thdng tin truoc khi thuc hifin cac buoc phan tich tifip theo, ngoai ra phan tich cung dua ra cac nhan dmh ban dau ve thuc
,132 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
ti-ang cac nhan td anh hudng den su hai long ctia ngudi dan den tieu chi mdi trudng NTM qua nhiing chi tifiu, sd tuyet ddi, sd tuang ddi trong thdng ke.
2.2.3. Phuang phap phin tich nhan td kham pha (EFA)
Phuang phap ph^n tich nhan td kham pha (EFA, Exploratory Factor Analysis) dugc dung dd luong hda cac ydu td dinh tinh ve su hai long tir dd xay dung va kiem dinh cac nhdm yeu td anh hudng den su hai long cua ngudi dan ve tifiu chi mdi trudng trong xay dung NTM. Phan tich EFA dupc su dung de thu nhd cac dii lieu tir mot tap hgp n bien quan sat dupc gom lai thanh k bien quan sat nhd hon, ggi la bidn dai difin dd xac dinh nhan td anh hudng.
Can cii lua chpn tieu chi danh gia (ydu td) dua vao ndi dung Quyet dinh sd 1980/QD - TTg ngay 17/10/2016 va cdng van sd 1345/BNN-VPDP cua Bg Nong nghiep va PTNT ngay 8/2/2018. Gia tiiiet nghifin ciiu ban dau gdm 6 nhdm nhan td vdi 37 bien quan sat (con gpi la cac bien ddc lap) k^ vpng anh hudng den su hai long cua ngudi dan ve thuc hien tifiu chi moi bordng trong xay dung NTM trfin dia ban huyen Tu Ky, tinh Hai Duong.
Cac bien ddc lap dupc danh gia dua trfin thang diem likert 5 didm (Likert R A, 1932) vdi cac miic danh gia nhu sau: (1) Hoan toan khdng ddng y; (2) Khdng ddng y; (3) Binh thudng; (4) Ddng y; (5) Hoan toan ddng y.
Thdng qua ky thuat phan tich EFA, cac nhan td sfi dugc nhom lai va kiem dinh de tim ra nhan td dai dien cd anh huong ddn su hai long cua ngudi dan vdi tifiu chi mdi trudng NTM va muc dp anh hudng ctia timg nhan td. Nghifin cuu dupc tien hanh dua tren kdt qua dieu tra 270 ho dan ti-fin dia ban 3 xa thupc huyfin Tu Ky, tinh Hai Duong b-ong nam 2019. Ket qua dieu tra y kidn ngudi dan vdi bang hdi duoc thu thap, lam sach va dua vao phan tich EFA vdi cac budc nhu sau:
Budc 1: Xay dung va kiem dmh chat luong thang do blng he sd Cronbanch's Alpha.
Budc 2: Phan tich nhan td kham pha EFA (1) Kiem dinh tinh thich hpp ciia md hinh blng he sd KMO.
(2) Kiem dinh tirang quan cua cac bidn quan sat ti-png thudc do dai dien.
(3) Kiem dinh muc dp giai tiiich ciia cac bien quan sat.
Budc 3: Phan tich hoi quy da bidn.
2.2.4. Phin ti'ch hdi quy tim cac yeu td anh hudng
Sau khi tien hanh phan tich nhan td kham pha va danh gia thang do blng he sd Cronbanch's Alpha, nghifin cuu da cd dugc thang do hoan chinh de tidn hanh phan tich hdi quy tuyen tinh bdi. Dd kiem dinh ve mat thdng ke cac ydu td anh hudng ddn su hai ldng cua ngudi dan vfi tieu chi mdi trudng trong thuc hifin NTM d huyfin Tu Ky, Hai Duong, md hinh hdi quy bdi vdi phuang phap binh phuong nhd nhat (OLS) duoc su dung, cd dang:
HL = po + pl*NS + p2*SX + p3*CQ + p4*NT + P5*CT + p6*VS + e
Trong dd: NS (Nude hop ve sinh va nude sach), SX (Moi trudng tai ca sd san xuat - kinh doanh, nudi trdng thuy san, lang nghfi, hd chan nudi), CQ (Canh quan mdi trudng), NT (Khu nghia trang va mai tang), CT (Thu gom va xu ly chat thai), VS (Nha tifiu, nha tlm va be chiia nude sinh hoat) la cac tifiu chi ddc lap cua thang do hoan chinh sau khi tidn hanh phan tich nhan td kham pha va danh gia thang do blng he sd Cronbach Alpha; HL: Tieu chi phu thudc la sir hai ldng cua ngudi dan trong thuc hifin tieu chi mdi trudng NTM, phu thupc vao cac yeu td hai long cua cac tifiu chi NS, SX, CQ, NT, CT, VS.
3. KET QUA NGHBV CUU VA T M O LUAN
3.1. Kdt qua thuc hidn tifiu chi mdi trudng tai huydn Tii K;^
Tlieo sd hfiu bao cao tdng kdt 10 nam thuc hien Chuong tiinh muc tifiu Qudc gia xay dung NTM giai doan 2010-2020 cua UBND huyen Tu Ky nam 2019, den hdt thang 8/2019, huyen Tir Ky cd 23/26 xa dat tieu chi mdi trudng va ATTP, tang thfim 11 xa so vdi nam 2015 va 21 xa so vdi nam 2010 (trong dd 3 xa chua dat la Nguyen Giap, Phuang Ky va Quang Khai). Ve tifiu chi mdi tnrdng trong tifiu chuan NTM nang cao cd 7/26 xa dat la: Tan Ky, Tii Xuyfin, Hung Dao, Ngoc Ky, Ha Ky, Quang Trung, Tai Son. Mdt sd kdt qua cu the nhu sau: Thii nhat, ty lfi hd dan duoc sir dung nude hgp ve smh dat 99,8%, trong dd ty lfi hp dan sii dung nude may dat 94,7%. Tir nam 2010 ddn nay huyfin da xay dung mdi dupc 3 nha may nude sach tai cac xa Ddng Ky, An Thanh - Tu Xuyfin, Nguyfin Giap - Quang Trung va 2 tram tang ap Minh Dtic - Quang Khai va Quang Nghiep, nang tdng sd nha may nude sach dang hoat dpng tren dia ban
KHOA HOC C O N G N G H E
huyfin Ifin 10 nha may va 2 tram tang ap. Thu hai, ty Id hp cd nha tifiu, nha tlm, bd chua nude sinh hoat hpp ve sinh dat 99,3%. Thii ba, ty lfi hd chan nudi hpp vfi sinh dat 80,5%. Thii tu, d 26/26 xa deu cd bai chdn l^p rac thai, cac dia phuang ddu cd td thu gom rac.
Udc tinh mdi ngay huyfin Tti Ky phat sinh khoang 83 tan rac thai, trong dd da phan la rac thai sinh hoat.
3.2. Su hii ldng ciia ngudi dan vd dupc sii dung nude hpp vd smh v l nude s ^ h theo quy dinh
Ddi vdi tifiu chi nay qua dieu tra va phan tich cho th^y miic dp hai long cua ngudi dan d miic 3,59 ddn 3,93 theo tiiang do LIKERT 5 cap dd, nghia la d miic trfin miic binh thudng va dudi miic hai long. Tifiu chi dupe danh gia cao nhat la sii dung nude hgp ve sinh theo quy dinh, hdp den la trii lugng nude cung cap du cho nhu cau su dung cua gia dinh, thap nhat la tifiu chi su dung nude sach theo quy dinh.
Bang 1. Su hii ldng ciia ngudi din vd dupc sii dyng nude hpp vfi sinh vk nude sach dieo quy djnh TT
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Tifiu chi NSl. Su dung nude hpp vfi sinh theo quy dinh NS2. Sii dung nude sach theo quy dinh NSS. Trii lugng nude cung cap du cho nhu can sir dung cua gia dinh Tdng didm tnmg binh
Diem trungbinh
3,93 3,59
3.76 3,76
va phan tan. Chi mdt phan nhd cua chat tiiai ran dupe il de lam phan bdn, mdt phin dupc diing tirrc tidp tirdi cho hoa mlu va nudi ca. Chat tiili long bao gdm nude tieu, nude tim chp vat nudi, nude nia chuong...
da phan ddu chay buc tidp ra he tiidng cdng thoat nude chung h-ong khu dan cu. Chi cln mdt gia dinh nudi 5-10 con Ipn khdng ve sinh chudng trai, xir ly phan khdng hpp ly tiii tat ca cac hd xung quanh phai ciing chiu hau qua: ngudn nude, khdng khi bi 6 nhifim va nguy hiem han la vific lay lan dich benh rit nhanh do da sd hd dan ddu khdng dam bao quy chuin vfi sinh khu tning chudng trai va tiem vie xin theo diing ky thuat Mat khac, cac ca sd san xuat kinh doanh d khu vuc ndng thdn, trong cac lang nghd da phin nhd le, quy md hp gia dinh, nlm xen trong khu dan cu, cdng nghfi lac hau, xu ly mdi trudng tu phit, y thuc ciia chu ca sd san xuat trong bao vfi mdi trudng chua cao, cdn tu tudng chay theo lpi nhuan.
Blng 2. S^ hii ldng ciia ngudi din vd mdi trudng t ^ ca sd sin xult kinh doanh, nudi ti-dng tiniy sin, Ung
nghd, hp chan nudi
Ngudn: Tdng hpp tu sd heu diiu tra cua tic gii (2019)
Nguyen nhan cua cac kdt qua danh gia tren 11 do hien nay trfin dia ban da sd ngudi dan ddu dupe su dung nude hpp vfi sinh tuy nhien chat lupng nude may bi cac nha may nude sach khdng dip ling dupc vdi yfiu cau vd chat lupng va sd lugng cua ngudi dan, hp cd phin nan vd mui thudc tay trong nude sinh hoat va cd can ban.
3.3. Dinh gil su hii ldng cua ngudi dan vd mdi trudng t ^ ca sd san xult kinh doanh, nudi trdng tiniy sin, ling nghd, hO chan nudi
Tifiu chi mdi trudng tai ca sd san xuat kinh doanh, nudi trong thiiy san, ling nghd, hd chan nuoi duoc ngudi dan danh gia tir 3.35 diem ddn 3,50 diem, miic tren binh thudng va dirdi miic hai ldng.
Nguyen nhan 11 do hifin nay d dia phuong nhidu hp chan nudi vdi quy md nhd le, hd gia dinh. tu phit
TT
1
2
3
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Tifiu chi SXl. Ca sd sin xuat kinh doanh. nudi trdng thuy san, ling nghd dam bao quy dinh ve bao ve mdi trudng SX2. Chudng trai chan nudi each bifit nha d, ngudn nude, khdng phit sinh miii khd chiu gay anh hudng ddn dan cu xung quanh
SX3. Chudng trai chan nudi dupc vfi sinh dinh ky bao dam phdng ngira, img phd dich benh
SX4. Chat thai chan nudi dupe thu gom vl xir ly theo quy dinh
Tdng didm tnmg binh
Diem trung binh
3,50
3,50
3,44
3,35 3,45 Ngudn: Tdng hpp tusdhiu diiu tra cua tac gia (2019)
3.4. Dinh g i l su hii ldng cua ngudi ddn vd d n h quan mdi trudng
Xay dung canh quan ndng tiidn la mpt trong nhung ndi dung quan trong trong tifiu chi mdi tiirdng ndng thdn mdi. tao ra dien mao ciia viing que ndng
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H E
thdn. De dinh gil su hii ldng ciia ngudi dan ve tifiu chi nly, tac gia chia thinh 8 tifiu chi cu the, vdi didm trung binh ciia 8 tifiu chi bi 3,26 den 3,97, miic trfin miic binh thudng vl dudi miic hai long. Hai (2) tifiu chi dupc danh gil cap nhat 11 cac tuydn dudng da dupe betpn hda/rii cap phdi, khdng lay lpi khi trdi mua dat trung binh 3,97 diem xap xI miic hii ldng va hfi thdng cay xanh (gdm c l cay bdng mat, cay canh, hoa vl tham cd...) vdi mat dp phii hpp dat 3,85 diem.
Ngoli ra, mdt sd ngtrdi de xuat xay dung dupc cic Blng 3. Su hii ldng ciia ngudi
dudng dien chidu sing ve ban dem d tat ca cac true dudng thdn, xdm, dau tu mdi hoac cai tao he thdng cdng ranh thoat nude trong thdn, xdm. Tifiu chi bep theo la h i n g rio bang cay dupe cat tia gpn gang, khdng \aron ra dudng gay cln trd giao thdng dat 3,43 didm. Nguyfin nhan la do hang rao cay xanh chua thudng xuyen dupe cat tia gpn ging ma chi cit tia khi den ngay hdi, lfi tet. hay vln cdn hifin tupng n h i d vi pham cac h i n h lang an toan giao thdng, de dieu.
dan vd canh quan mdi trudng TT
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Tieu chi
CQl. He thdng c^y xanh (gom ca cay bong mat, cay canh, hoa va tham co...) vcri mat dp phu hop
CQ2. Hang rao bang cay 6m/c cat tia gon gang, khong vuon ra duong gay can tro giao thong
CQ3. He thdng ao, ho sinh thai co mat bang thoang, dieu tiet Idii hau, tao canh quan dep
CQ4. H$ thdng ao, hd sinh thai c6 kha nang phat trien chan nuoi thuy san, tao ngudn lgi kinh td
CQ5. Nao vet, tu bd ao, hd thudng xuyen; cd rao chan, bien ciinh bao tai cac khu vuc cd nguy co mat an toan vdi ngudi dan
CQ6. Cai tao ao, hd, khu vuc cong cpng...thanh cac khu vui choi giai tri, khu vuc tap the due, khu sinh hoat cdng ddng, khu vuc hoc boi cho tre em.
CQ7. Cac tuyen duong da duoc beton hoa/rai cap phdi, khong lay loi khi trdi mua CQ8. Khu vuc cong cpng (cho, dudng giao thong...) khdng cd hien tupng xa nude thai, chat thai ran khong diing quy dinh, gay mat my quan va ONMT T6ng di^m trung binh
Diem trungbinh
3,85 3,43 3,39 3,46 3,26 3,50 3,97 3,26 3,52
CIc tifiu chi lifin quan vd he thdng ao, hd smh thli gdm: He thdng ao, hd sinh thai cd mat blng thoang, dieu tiet khi hau, tao canh quan dep; hfi thdng ao, hd sinh thai cd kha nang phat trien chan nudi thuy san, tao ngudn lgi kinh td; cai tao ao, hd, khu vuc cdng cdng... thanh cac khu vui choi giai bi, khu vuc tap thd due, khu sinh hoat cdng ddng, khu vuc hpc bai cho tre em cd diem danh gil trung binh tir 3,39 den 3.50 didm. Dac biet cd tifiu chi nao vet, tu bd ao. hd thudng xuyfin; cd rao chin, bidn canh bao tai cac khu vuc cd nguy ca mat an toan vdi ngudi dan dat diem rat thap la 3.26 diem.
Ddi vdi bfiu chi cudi ciing cung dat diem kha thap 3,26 diem 11 khu vue cdng cpng (cha, dudng giao thdng...) khdng cd hifin tugng xa nude thai, chit thai rin khdng dung quy dinh, gay mat my quan va d nhidm mdi trudng.
Ngudn: Tdng hpp tusdhiu dieu tia cua ticgii (2019) 3.5. Dinh gil su hai long cua ngudi dan vd khu nghia trang va mai ting
Tieu chi khu nghia trang va mai tang dugc ngudi dan dinh gia kha cao tu 3,82 ddn 4,10 diem trfin miic hai long. Theo thii tu sip xdp tir cao xudng thap la nghia trang duoc quy hoach su diing lau dai, khdng qua 3 nghia trang/xa, ban kinh phuc vu 2-3 km (4,10 diem); mai tang phii hpp vdi quy dinh v l theo quy hoach (4.03 didm); cac khu trong xa da cd quy chd hoat ddng cua nghia trang (3,99 didm); vi tri xay dung yfin tinh, cao rao, khdng sat Id (3,87 diem); cd hfi thdng thoat nude xung quanh nghia trang, tranh nude ro ri ra khu vuc xung quanh (3,82 diem). Ngudi dan kha hai ldng ve vi tri xay dung nghia trang, viec mai tang dugc quy hoach tap trung. Tuy nhien, cd mdt sd y kidn khdng ddng tinh ve quy hoach nghia trang hien tai do vific ra vao, di lai khd khan, bat tifin
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
bdi tinh trang cac ngdi md dupc xay dung ldn xdn,khdng hing ldi, khdng quy each, mdi gia dinh xay
Bang 4. Su hai ldng ciia ngudi dan vd khu nghia
TT
mdt kidu vdi nhidu hudng khlc nhau.
trang v l mai ting Tifiu chi
NTl. Nghia trang duge quy hoach sir dung lau dai, khdng qua 3 nghia trang/xa, ban kinh phuc vu 2-3 km
NT2. Vi tri xay dung yfin tinh, cao rao, khdng sat Id
NTS. Cd he thdng tholt nude xung quanh nghia trang, trinh nude rd ri ra khu vuc xung quanh
NT4. CIc khu trong xa da cd quy chd hoat ddng ciia nghia trang NT5. Mai ting phii hgp vdi quy dinh v l theo quy hoach Tdng didm tnmg binh
Diem trung binh
3,87
4,03 3,96
3.6. Dinh gil sv hii ldng cua ngudi dan vd vific thu gom v l xuF ly chit thai t ^ dia phuong
Vdi miic diem dao ddng xung quanh miic 3 11 mirc binh tiiudng (tir 2.81 den 3,76). 3 tifiu chi cd miic hai ldng cao nhat la miic phi ddng hing thing cho thu gom rac thai phii hop vdi hp gia dinh; cd don vi phu trich thu gom, van chuyen vdi tan suat, lich trinh thu gom phii hpp ddi vdi tung cum dan cir; hinh
Ngudn: Tdng hpp tir sd hiu diiu tia cua tac gia (2019) thiic xu ly rIc thli phu hpp (tap ket tai bai rIc, ddt...). 3 tifiu chi cd miic hai ldng ctia ngudi din thap nhat 11 cd phan loai rIc thai sinh hoat (hihi ca, v6 ca), bao bi thudc bao vfi thuc vat sau khi sir dung dupe thu gom, van chuyen va xu ly toan bd; khdng c6 hien tugng ddt rom ra ngoai ddng rupng hoac viit bira bai nai cdng cgng, cln trd giao thdng.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bdng 5. Su h ^ ldng dia ngudi dSn v^ vi6c thu gom vA xii 1^ ch^t thai tai dia phuong Tieu chi
CTl. Cd phan loai rac thai sinh hoat (huu ca, vd ca)
CT2. Miic phi dong hang thang cho thu gom rac thai phu hop vdi hp gia dinh CT3. Cd don vi phu trach thu gom, van chuyen vdi tan suat, lich trinh thu gom phu hop ddi vdi tung cum dan cu
CT4. iVIdi thon bd tri it nhat co mot diem tap ket/trung chuydn rac CT5. Bai rac tren dia ban duac quy hoach hop ly, cd dien tich dii de chiia rac CT6. Hinh thiic xii ly rac thai phii hop (tap ket tai bai rac, det...)
CT7. Bao bi thudc bao ve thuc vat sau khi su dung dupc thu gom, van chuyen va xii ly toan bo.
CT8. Khdng cd hien tupng ddt rom ra ngoai ddng rupng hoac viit bira bai noi cong cong, can trd giao thong
CT9. Cd he thdng tieu thoat nirdc mua, nuoc thai bao dam nhu cau tieu thoat nude cua khu vuc
CTIO. Cd Huong udc, quy udc ve bao ve mpi trudng ddi vdi timg khu dan cu Tdng di^m trung binh
Bidm trung binh
2,81 3,76 3,64 3,19 3,42 3,62 3,05 3,11 3,31 3,54 3,35 3.7. Dinh gil si; hii ldng dia ngudi din vd str
dyng n h i tifiu, nha tlm v l bd chiia nude sinh ho^it Tifiu chi su dung nha tifiu, nha tlm vl bd chiia nude sinh hoat hpp vfi sinh duoc ngudi dan dinh gil vdi didm muc hai ldng cao nhit trong 6 tieu chi tdng.
Ngudn: Tdng hpp tii sdheu diiu tra cua tacgia (2019) Trong 7 tifiu chi nhd cua tifiu chi nay, thi cd 6 tifiu chi 11 trfin 4 diem (trfin miic hai Idng). Tifiu chi dat didm cao nhat 11 nhi tifiu duoc xay dung khep kin, cd san Cling, tudng bao, mai che vdi diem tiling binh 11 4,32 diem. Hifin nay tren dia ban huyen. duoe s u v | n dpng
136
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC CdNG NGH|
xiy di/ng NTM va hd trp ngan sich. nhidu hd gia dinh da chuydn sang xay dtmg nha tifiu tu hoai khep kin, cd san ciing, tudng bao, mai che va hfi thdng
Bang 6. Su hii ldng ciia ngudi din vd sii dung n h i tifiu. n h i t l m v i b d chiia nude sinh hoat tholt nude, bifin phip xu ly nude thai phit hgp, khdng thai true tidp ra mdi trudng.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ti6u chi
>fVSl. Nha Heu dupc xay dung khep kin, cd san ciing, tudng bao, mai che NVS2. Khong gay mui hdi, khd chiu
NVS3. Cd h i thdng thoat nude, bien phap xu ly nude thai phu hpp, khpng thai true tiep ra moi trudng
NVS4. Be chiia nude sinh hoat cd dung tich ldn dap ling nhu cau sii dung NVS5. Be chiia nude dupc lam tii vat lidu khong cd thanh phta ddc hai lam anh hudng den sire khde
NVS6. Bd chiia nude cd nap day kin de ngan ngira cac chat ban xam nhap hoac mudi vap de tning
NVS7. Ve sinh thidt bi, khu vuc chiia nude trudc khi chiia nude va dinh ky 01 lan/3 thang
T6ng di^m tnmg binh
Didm trungbinh
4,32 4,12 4,24 4,09 4,10 4,28 3,32 4,07 3.8. Kit qui phan tich nhSn td khim p h i
3.8.1. Kidm dmh chat lupng thang do bing hi sd Cronbach's Alpha
Qua kdt qua phan tich he sd Cronbach Alphaciia 6 thanh phin thang do sir hai long cua ngudi dan vd tieu chi mdi trudng NTM, tir 37 bidn quan sat ban dau cd 5 bien quan sat bi loai khdi md hinh trudc khi dua vao phan tich nhan td khIm pha EFA la: Bien quan sit CQ7 - "Cac tuydn dudng da dupe beton hda/rIi cap phdi, khdng lay lpi khi trdi mua" do cd he sd Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 11 0,894 >
0,889; bidn quan sat CQ8 - "Khu vuc cdng cdng (chp, dudng giao thdng...) khdng cd hien tupng xa nude thai, chat thai rin khdng dung quy dmh, gay mat my quan vl ONMT' do cd he sd Cronbach's Alpha if
Ngudn: Tong hpp tusdhiu diiu tia cua tacgia (2019) Item Deleted la 0,892 > 0.889; bidn quan sat CTl -
"Cd phan loai rIc thai sinh hoat (hiru ca, vd cd)" do cd hfi sd Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted la 0,912 >
0,904; bidn quan sat CT6 - "Hinh thuc xu ly rac thai phii hgp (tap kdt tai bai rac, ddt...)" do cd h^ sd Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted la 0,915 > 0,904 va he sd tuong quan bidn tdng (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) 11 0,235 < 0.3; bidn quan sat VS7 - "Ve sinh thiet bi. khu vuc chua ntrde trudc khi chiia nude va dmh ky 01 lan/3 thang" do cd he sd Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted la 0,779 > 0,741 va he sd tirang quan bidn tdng (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) la 0,147 < 0,3. Ket qua sau khi kidm dinh Cronbach's Alpha duoc thd hifin qua bang 7.
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BSng 7. Tdng hgr) nhdm bidn tir kdt qua ki^m dinh Cronbach's Alpha Nhta td
Su dung nude hop ve sinh va nude sach Mdi tnrdng tai co sd san xuat - kinh doanh, nu6i trdng thiiy san, lang nghe, ho chan nudi Canh quan mdi trudng
Khu nghia trang va mai tang Thu gom va xtr ly chat thai
Nha tieu, nha tam va bd ehiia nude sinh hoat Su hai ldng ciia ngudi d t a
Sd bien quan sat ban dau
3 4 8 5 10 7 3
Sd bien quan sat
cdn lai 3 4 6 5 8 6 3
Cronbach's Alpha
0,841 0,855 0,889 0,884 0,904 0,741 0,836
Bien bi loai
CQ7, CQB CT1,CT6
VS7 Ngudn: Tong hop tir kdt qua xir lysd lieu SPSS (2019)
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
3.8.2. Phin ti'ch nhin td kham phi EFA - Phan tich nhan td khIm pha EFA vdi 6 thanh phan ctia thang do
Qua 1 lln nit tiich nhan td, da loai bd bifi'n quan sat VS4 do cd he sd tai Factor Loading nhd ban 0.5 nghia la bien nly khdng tai len d nhan td nao. Kdt qui chay md hinh lan cudi sau khi da loai bd tifiu chi khdng dam bao do tin cay, cdn lai 31 hidn quan sit dupc chia thinh 6 nhdm. Khi thiet ke thang do vd su hli long ctia ngudi dan vd tifiu chi mdi trudng NTM, gia thuydt dupc d§t ra trong phan tich nly 11 gitra 31 bidn quan sit khdng cd sir tuong quan vdi nhau.
Kiem dinh KMO va Barletf s ti-ong phan tich nhan td EFA cho thay, gia thuydt bi bac bd do cd he sd sig.=0,000 < 0.05. he sd KMO bao cao cd gia tri 11 0,907 (tiida man didu kien 0,5 < KMO < 1), ket qua EFA thu dugc 6 thanh phan tai Eigenvalues - 1.099.
Gil tri phupng sai h-ich cd gil tri 11 67,809%, kdt qua nly cho bidt 6 thinh phan dugc xac dinh giai thich bdi 67,809% bidn thien cua dir lieu. Tir kdt qua kidm dinh trfin. nghien ciiu nit ra kdt luan ring thang do duge chap nhan va elc bidn quan sat trong 6 thinh phan cd tuang quan vdi nhau trong tdng the mlu didu tra.
- Phan tich nhan td kham phi EFA cho bidn phu thudc
Tu kdt qua kidm dinh KMO cho thay giua cic tifiu chi trong tdng the cd mdi tuong quan vdi nhau (sig. =,000 <0.01), he sd KMO = 0,742 tiida man difiu kifin 0,5 < KMO < 1 nfin phan tich nhan td la phii hpp vdi du lieu thuc td. Vdi phirong phap trich ydu td Principal Component vl phep xoay Varimax, thang do sir hai long ctia ngudi dan vd ddng gdp xiy dung NTM da tiich dugc mpt nhan td tij 3 tieu chi quan sat tai Eigenvalues la 2,270. Phuong sai trich cd gil tii bang 75.656%, nghia la 75,656% tiiay ddi cua cic nhan td duge gill thich bdi cic bidn quan sat
3.9. Phin tich cic ydu td anh hudng ddn su h l i ldng ciia ngudi din vd thyc hifin tifiu chi mdi trudng trong xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi d huyfin Tit Kf, tmh Hai Duong
Kdt qua phuong trinh hdi quy da bidn trinh bay phan 3.2.4 (phuong phip nghien cini).
HL 0,001"'' + 0,334""SX + 0,256'"CQ + 0,209""CT + 0,175'"NS + 0.125"NT + 0,087'"VS
"*.' khong CO y nghia thdng ki: '": co y nghia d
muc 1%; ": cdy nghia dmuc 5%.
Mo hinh hdi quy cd gil hi R" hifiu chinh blng 0.688 cho tiiay 68.8% su tiiay ddi cua bidn HL 11 do cac bien ddc lap b-ong md hinh hdi quy Inh hudng, cdn lai 31,2% 11 do cic bien ngoli md hinh va sai sd nglu nhifin. Phan tich phuong sai (ANOVA), md hinh co Sig. = 0,000 (<0,05) do dd cac bidn ddc lap cd brong quan tuydn tinh vdi bien phu thudc. Trong nghifin cthi nay, sd lifiu su dung phan tich hdi quy II sd lifiu theo khdng gian (cross-section data) nfin hien tugng tu tuang quan (autocorrelation) khdng can xem xet thdng qua kidm dinh Durbin Watson. Mat khac, mo hinh khdng cd hifin tuong da cdng tuydn (VIF < 2).
Tat ca cic nhan td trong md hinh hdi quy ddu cd xu hudng anh hirong thuan den su hli Idng ciia ngudi dan (hesd a, >0).
Nhan td quyet dinh ldn nhat tdi su hli long cua ngudi dan vd thuc hien tieu chi mdi tnrdng NTM d day la mdi ti-udng tai cp sd san xuat - kinh doanh, nuoi frdng thuy san, ling nghd. hd chan nudi. He sd hdi quy cua nhan td nay la 0,334; cd y nghia thdng kfi d muc 1% didu nay cho thay trong dieu kifin cic nhan td khlc khdng ddi, vdi diem sd trung binh cua cic bien lifin quan ddn su hli ldng cua ngirdi dan ddi vdi tifiu chi "Mdi trudng tai ca sd san xuat - kinh doanh, nudi trdng fhiiy san, ling nghd, hp chan nudi" tang Ifin 1 don vi thi miic hli Idng chung cua ngudi dan ddi vdi tieu chi mdi trudng NTM se tang thfim 0,334 don vi.
Do vay, nen phan bd ngudn Iuc tap trung den bidn SX nhidu nhat dd nang cao miic dp hai long cua ngudi dan.
Nhan td canh quan mdi trudng tic dpng manh thli hai tdi sir hli ldng cua ngudi dan vd mdi tiirong NTM. He sd hdi quy cua nhan td nay 11 0,256; cd ^ nghia thdng kfi d miic 1% didu nly cho fhay trong dieu kifin cic nhan td khlc khdng ddi, vdi didm sd trung binh cua cle bidn hfin quan den su hli long cua ngudi dan ddi vdi tifiu chi "CInh quan moi tiirdng"
tang len 1 diem thi miic hai Idng chung ciia ngudi dan ddi vdi tifiu chi mdi trudng NTM sfi tang them 0,256.
Nhan td thu gom va xir ly chat thai tac dpng manh thii ba tdi su hai long ciia nguoi din vd mdi tnrdng NTM. He sd hdi quy ciia nhan td nly 11 0,209;
cd y nghia thdng ke d miic 1% dieu nay chp tiily ti-ong didu kifin cac nhan td khac khdng doi. vdi didm sd trung binh cua cac bien lifin quan ddn sir hli long
138 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHl
ciia ngudi dan ddi vdi tifiu chi "CInh quan mdi dirdng" tang Ifin 1 don vi thi muc hai long chung cua ngudi dan ddi vdi tifiu chi mdi tnKmg NTM se tang tiifim 0,209.
Nhan td nude hpp ve sinh v l nude sach tic ddng manh thii tu tdi su hli long cua ngudi dan ve mdi trudng NTM. He sd hoi quy cua nhan td nly la 0,175;
cd y nghia thdng kfi d miic 1% didu nly cho tiiay trong dieu kifin cac nhin td khlc khdng ddi. vdi diem sd trung binh ciia cic bien lien quan den su hai ldng ctia ngudi dan ddi vdi tifiu chi "Nude hpp ve sinh v l nude sach" tang Ifin 1 didm thi mirc hli ldng chung cua ngudi din ddi vdi tieu chi mdi trudng NTM sfi tang tiifim 0,175.
Nhan td khu nghia trang va mai tang tac dpng manh thii nam tdi su hli long cua ngudi dan vd mdi tnrdng NTM. He sd hdi quy ctia nhan td nay la 0,125;
cd y nghia thdng kfi d miic 1% didu nly cho thay trong didu kifin cic nhan td khac khdng ddi, vdi diem sd trung binh ciia cic bidn hfin quan ddn sir hli ldng ciia ngirdi dan ddi vdi tieu chi "Khu nghia trang va mai ting" tang len 1 diem thi miic hli ldng chung cua ngudi dan ddi vdi bfiu chi mdi tnrdng NTM se tang tiifim 0.125.
Nhan td nha tifiu, nha tam v l be chiia nude sinh hoat tac dpng ydu nhat tdi su hli ldng ciia ngudi din vd mdi tnrdng NTM. He sd hdi quy cua nhan td nly la 0,087; cd y nghia thdng ke d miic 1% didu nly cho thay tiong didu kifin cac nhan td khac khdng ddi, vdi diem sd trung binh cua cac bidn Uen quan ddn su hai long cua ngirdi dan ddi vdi tifiu chi "Nha tifiu, nha tlm v l be chiia nude sinh hoat" tang Ifin 1 diem tiii muc hli ldng chung cua ngudi dan ddi vdi tifiu chi mdi birdng NTM sfi tang tiiem 0,087.
3.10. Giai phip ning cd su h l i ldng cua ngudi din vd thuc hidn tifiu chi mdi trudng trong xiy dung NTM dia huydn Tii Kf, tinh Hli Duong
3.101. Nang cao su hai long cua ngudi dan ve moi trudng tai ca sd san xuat kinh doanh. nuoi trdng thuy san, lang nghe. hp chan nudi
Qua khao sat tifiu chi nay duoc danh gia vdi diem bung binh k h i thap 3,45 didm. Hifin tai quy md tdng dan Ion cua huyen la 63.200 con, tdng dan gia elm 980.000 con.
Cac hifin phap cu the nhim thuc hien giai phip ti-fin dd la: Huy dpng cpng ddng tham gia quan ly mdi trudng trong chan nudt; td chiic quln Iy moi trudng
tiong chan nudi cap xa. nang cao cdng nghe, ky thuat dd xu ly d nhifim mdi trudng trong chan nudi.
3.10.2. Nang cao sir hai long cua ngum dan ve canh quan mdi trudng tai dia phuong
CIc bien phap cu the thuc hien giai phip nay dd la: Thu nhat, ra soat tat ca cac ao, hd tai dia phuong.
Khdng chgn phuang an lap ao. hd de xay dung cdng trinh hay cho ban dau gia, thay vio dd la dau tu, cii tao de dam bao mdi tnrdng sach, dep, nhim tao canh quan, didu hda khdng khi. Ddi vdi cac ao bi d nhifim nang, ben canh chi phi cua huyfin. nfin huy dgng ngudn Iuc tir nhan dan, van dgng ngudi dan trong thdn ddng gdp cdng sue, tien dd nao vet, ke cung, lam dudng ven bd. cd ranh thoat nude va vfi sinh, khu tning ao. Thii hai, tuyfin truyen nang cao y thiic cua ngudi dan. cam ket tuan thii quy dmh gin giir, bao ve ao, khdng san lap, lan chiem, xa va nude thai xudng ao. Ddng thdi thinh thanh lap td giam sit d nhifim mdi trudng, giam sat va xir phat nghifim cic trudng vi pham, duy tri quy dmh hang tuan tdng vfi sinh mat nude va khu vuc quanh ao.
3.10.3. Giai phip ning cao sir hii long cua ngudi din ve thu gom va xu ly chat thai
Hau hdt, d dia phuang hien nay rac thai khdng duoe phan loai ma de lln ldn, bao gdm ca cac loai rac cd kha nang phan huy va khd phan hiiy. Vi vay, ty lfi thu hdi cac chat cd kha nang tai che va tai su dung nhu giay vun, kim loai, nhua... cdn thap vl chti ydu 11 tu phat. Bfin canh do mpt sd cac tieu chi khlc cung cd diem danh gia thap nhir Bao bi thudc bio ve thuc vat sau khi su dung dupc thu gom, van chuyen v l xii ly toan bd, mdi thdn bd tri it nhat mdt diem tap ket/trung chuyen rac, cd don vi phu trich thu gom van chuyen vdi tan suit, lich trinh thu gom phu hop ddi vdi timg cum dan cu. Ddn nay. cac thdn, xdm trfin dia ban huyen da thanh lap to vfi sinh mdi tnrdng de thu gom CTRSH vdi tan suat 2 - 3 lln/tuan.
Tuy nhifin. cdng tac thu gom, van chuyen CTRSH vln cdn nhifiu bat cap, vific thu gom chua triet de nen van cdn rac thai tdn dgng. Bien phap xii ly chat thai rin cua huyen hien nay chu yeu vln la ddt va chdn lap, tuy nhien mdt sd bai rac da day v l tidm an nguy ca trd thanh difim gay d nhiem mdi tnrdng.
CIc bifin phap cu the de thuc hien giii phap nay bao gdm: day manh tndn khai thuc hien phan loai rac thai tai ngudn vdi cac bifin phap thidt thuc va can di vio thuc chat; day manh hoat dpng xa hpi hda cdng
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
tic thu gom. xu ly CTI^H, tao mdi trudng canh tranh lanh manh, binh ding trong thuc hien dich vu cdng ich theo quy dinh cua phap luat; bd tri tan suit va gid thu gom phu hpp dd dam bao thu gom triet de lupng Cn?SH phat sinh; dua thu phi vfi sinh trd thanh mgt tifiu chi dd dinh gia gia dinh/thdn van hda; cac dia phuang khi xay dung quy hoach sir dung dat can bd tri difin tich de xay dung cac khu xii ly rac tap trung; tang cudng cong tic thanh tra. Idem tra, xur ly nghiem cac td chiic, ca nhan vi pham phap luat ve BVMT; cd chinh sach uu dai, khuyen khich phit tridn cac md hinh thu gom. xii ly rac blng cdng nghfi tifin tidn, than thifin vdi mdi trudng va phu hpp vdi khu vuc ndng thdn, im tifin ddi vdi cac du an dau tu xu ly chat tiiai rin tiieo cdng nghe tai chd; han chd v l timg budc di den cham dut xay dung cac bai chdn lap hd hoac Id ddt quy md xa, khdng dim bao vfi sinh.
4. KFTLUAN
Ddn tiiang 8/2019, huyfin Tu Ky cd cd 12/26 xa da dupe cdng nhan xa dat chuan NTM, trong dd tieu chi mdi trudng v l ATTP dat 23/26 xa, 01 xa dang phan diu dat chuan NTM nang cao vao cudi nam 2019. Ve tiiirc ti-ang sir hli Idng cua ngirdi dan thuc hifin tifiu chi moi trudng tiong xay dung NTM, sau khi didu fra vl tidn hanh phan tich cho thay miic dp hli ldng cua ngudi din vdi tifiu chi mdi trudng dat 3,84/5 tiong thang do Likert, dudi hai ldng va fren miic binh thudng, frong dd nhan td nha tifiu, nha tlm v l be chira ntrdc sinh hoat hop vfi sinh dat mtic hli long cao nhit vdi 4,07/5 frong thang do Likert. Tiep ddn 11 nhan td khu nghia frang va mat tang dat trung binh 3,96/5 diem. Thii ba la nhan td sii dung nude hgp vfi sinh vl nude sach dat trung binh 3,76/5 didm.
Thli tu la nhan td canh quan mdi trudng dat trung binh 3,52/5 diem. Thii nam 11 nhan td mdi trudng tai ca sd san xult - kinh doanh, nudi frdng thuy san, ling nghd, hg chan nudi dat trung bmh 3,45/5 didm. Thu gom vl xii ly chat thai la nhin td cd diem danh gia thip nhat frong 6 nhin td vdi didm trung binh 3,35/5.
CIc yeu td anh hudng den su hli long ciia ngudi dan vk thuc hifin tieu chi mdi tnrdng frong xay dung NTM nhu sau: Sau khi phan tich hdi quy cho thay miic dp hai ldng cua ngudi dan ve tieu chi mdi trudng NTM chiu Inh hudng bdi 6 nhan td vdi hfi sd tac dpng ciing chieu vdi muc dp hli long. Thu tu tic ddng tiJ manh den yeu nhu sau: Mdi tiirdng tai co sd sin xuat - kinh doanh, nudi frdng thuy san, lang nghe, hd chan nudi > Canh quan mdi trudng > Thu
gom va xii ly chat tiiai > Sii dung nuoL i lo;' ve sinh vl nude sach > Khu nghia frang vl mai liuig > N h i tifiu, nha tlm va be chua nude sinh hoat hop vfi sinh. De tai ciing da chi ra dupe mot sd nguyfin nhan su khdng hai Idng ddi vdi timg tieu chi.
Tren co sd ket qui nghien ciiu, da dira ra cic giai phap v l bifin phip ca bin nhim nang cao sir hli long ciia ngudi dan ve thuc hifin tifiu chi mdi trudng frong xay dung NTM tai huyen Tu Ky frong tiidi gian tdi.
TJU LIEU THAM KHAO
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2. Chu Hdng Chau (2016). Be xuat sira ddi tifiu chi 17 ve mdi trudng, Hdi Ndng dan Vifit Nam, truy cap ngly 22/5/2019 tai http://hoinongdan.org.vn/
sitepages/news/58/43278/de-xuat-sua-doi-tieu-chi- 17-ve-moi-truong.
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Cha and B. E. Bryant (1996). The American Customer Satisfaction Index: Nature, Purpose, and Findings. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 7-18.
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Anderson and R. L. Tatham (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River. NJ; Pearson University Press.
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6. Likert R. A. (1932). Technique for tfie Measurement of Attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22.1-55.
7. Nguyfin Mau Thli (2015). Nghifin ciiu xay dung NTM cac huyfin phia Tay thinh phd HI Noi.
Luan In tidn si. Hpc vien Ndng nghiep Viet Nam. Tr 18-19.
8. OUver R. L (1997). Satisfaction: A Bihavioral Perspective on The Consumer. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
9. Phii Phuong (2019). Tu Ky, Hai Duong: To diem thfim nhimg gam mau sang cho xay dung ndng thdn, Vifit Nam hdi nhap. truy cap ngay 22/5/2019 tai https:// vietnamhoinhap. vn/ article/tu- ky- hai- duong-to-diem-them-nhung-gam-mau-sang-chc>-xay- dung-nong-thon—n-18390.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 5/2020
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
10. Thanh Ha (2019). Tii Ky tiiieu vdn xay dung 2016-2020, ban hanh kem theo quydt dinh sd nong thdn mdi, bao difin tii tinh Hai Duang, tiny cap 1980/QD - TTg ngly 17/10/2016.
ngly 22/5/2019 tai https://m.baohaiduong.vn/nong- 12. Van Hlo (2018). Mdi trudng 11 tieu chi mau nghiep/tu-ky-thieu-von-xay-dung-nong-thon-moi- chdt danh gia chat lupng ndng thdn mdi, bio Tm hic, 107452. fruy cap ngay 22/5/2019 tai https://baotintiic.vn/xa-
11. Thu tudng Chinh phii (2016). Ban hanh Bg hoi/moi-tinong-la-tieu-chi-mau-chot-danh-gia-chat- tifiu chi Qudc gia vd xa ndng thdn mdi giai doan luong-nong-tiion-moi-20180219153728261.htin.
SOLUTIONS TO ENHANCE PEOPLE'S SATISFACTION ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL CRTTERIA IMPLEMENTATION IN NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION ATTU KY DISTRICT, HAI DUONG PROVINCE
Nguyen Van Song, Vuong Thi Khanh Huyen, Nguyen Xuan Diep Summary
The study used traditional analysis methods and exploratory factor analysis method with 283 observes, of which 270 household observes were used to assess people satisfaction about environmental criteria implementation in new rural construction in Tu Ky district. The study indicated that the people's satisfection level averages 3.84 points for the 5-level Ijkert scale, which is below the satisfacUon level and above the normal level, in which the factor 'Toilet, bathroom and sanitary water tanks" achieved the highest level of satisfaction with 4.07/5 points. "Waste collection and treatment" are the factors with the lowest rating with an average score of 3.35/5. The results of the discovery factor analysis and regression analysis showed that there are 6 factors that significantiy affect people's satisfection, the order of impacts from sfrong to weak is as follows: (1) Environment in production - business, aquaculture, handicraft villages, livestock households; (2) Environmental landscape; (3) Waste collection and treatment; (4) Water use hygienic and clean water; (5) Cemetery and burial sites; (6) Toilets, bathrooms and sanitary water tanks. Based on research and analysis results, a number of specific and effective solutions/measures to enhance people's satisfaction about environmental cntena implementation in new rural construction in Tu Ky district.
Keywords: Satisfaction, implementation, environmental cntena, new rural Tu Ky.
Ngudi phan bifin: TS. Duong Ngpc Thi Ngly n h ^ bli: 28/02/2020 Ngly tiidng qua phin bifin: 01/4/2020 Ngly duyfit dang: 8/4/2020
