KHOA HOC C O N W ^^fiS
IMGHlElV C I A J AIMH HUOIMG C U A L l £ u LUOIMG S I L I C OEIM C A Y L A C TREIM D A T P H U S A TJIMH T H U A THI6IM - H U E
D6 H o ^ T l i ^ Phiic'. Hoing ThjTliAi H6a TtJMTAT . (TfrRD) Thi nghidm I nhan \6 g6m co 5 lieu lu^mg silic. duoc bo tn theo k,eu khoi hoan loan ngau ntuen IK v.n 3 lin nhac la. Ux>ng vu dong xuan 2018 va 2019 u^n dat phu sa chuyen trong lac tai tmh 1 liira in Hue nham danh gia anh huong aia Wu lux;nK phan sdic d^n nang sual lgc. hieu qua kmh te va hieu qua (lunK phan silic. raOt so Unh chat hoa hpc dat. Kel qua nghien cuu cho thay h^u Iuong sihc khac nnau co anh hirong d.u ...c ch, Ufu nhu: nang SLK,!. hi^u qua kinh te. hi^u qua sir dmig phan silic va liani luong siUC trong .!.a Cons thuc bon 40 kg \ - 60 kg PX) . 60 kg (CO ^ 60 - 90 kg SiO, -H 500 kg voi . .- tan phan chu6ng/ha cho ning sual, hi^u qua kinh te va hieu suat phan silic cao nhat uong 2 vu nghien cuu, dOng thoi ham lin;ng silic tong s6 ming dat cung tang len sau dii nghidm.
Til kh6a: Pat phu sa. bieu Qua sudungpban bdn. lac. nAng suat, silic
1. flAT VJiN a den nSng suat lac tai tinh Thira Thi^n - Hu6 chua cao Silic la nioi nguyc^n td phd bien nhat (chi dung la do ap dung cac bien phap ky thuat chua hop ly, sau oxy) U'ong vo trai dat \oi xap xi 32% vc khdi trong do co viec sii dijng phan bon. Luong phan bon lupng (Lindsay. 1979). Mac dii phan Idn cac Ioai dat cho cay lac phdn lon tiiy thupc vao kha nang dau tu cua cac nong hp, nhin chung bdn phan c6n chira can doi va chua thuc sir hpp Iy. Hon nira, quy trinh b6n phan dugc pho bi^n thong nhSt chung cho toan tinh, chua xem xet cu tlie rieng cho timg di^u Iden dat dai, vimg sinh thai, dieu kien canh tac va cac yeu to khac.
Ben canh do, hau het cac nghien cuu ve phan bdn cho cay lac hien nay deu tap trung vao str dting c^c nguyen to dinh duong da lugng nhu dam, lan vi kali, con it cac nghien ciru ve sir dung phan sihc cho ciy lac. Chinh vi vay, nghien cihi dugc thuc hien vdi muc dich xac dinh duoc lifeu lupng sihc phii hpp cho cay lac de dat nang suat va hieu qua cao tren dat phii sa tinh Tiiira Thien - Hue.
2. VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1. Dot tupng nghien cihi 21.1. Dat
Dat thi nghiem trong de tai la dat phit sa chuydn trdng lac. Mdt so tinh chat hoa hgc dat hirac thi nghiem dupe the hien a bang 1.
CO th^ chira him lupng silic dang ke. nhimg qua trinh canh tic cd th^ lam giim ham lugng sihc hiru lucii ddi voi ca>' trong. vi \ay vice cung cip dinh duOng silic la can thie-t de cay trdng cho sin lupng cao nhat. Trong so cac chat dinh duong thi silic dupe xem la mpt trong nhimg chat dinh duong chii yeiu. cd vai tro quan trpng va can thiet trong mot chu ky cita cay trdng. Mot sd nghi&n ciru tren the gioi cho thay bdn phin silic b muc 2.500 - 3.000 kg/ha lim tang nang suail dau dd den 25 - 27% so vdi khong bdn (Gert van den berg. 2007). Cay lac la mgt trong nhiing cay hp diu co gii tri kmh te cao, cd the trong tren nhieu loai dat, dia hinh khac nhau, co dien tich dung thir 3 sau ciy Ida va ciy ngd tai tinh Thira Thien - Hue. Hien toin tinh cd khoang 3.470 ha gieo trong lac vdi ning suat trung binh 2.07 tin/ha (Nien giam Thdng ke tinh Thira Thien - Hue, nam 2016). Nang suat lgc binh quan cua tinh vin con rat thap so vdi ci nmjc va cac tinh khac. Nguyen nhan chti yeu din
lludiviii lurimi; Hmnii; An. thi
x.i HuwilK Tra
BanK 1. Mot so tmh chat hoa hoc dit truftc thi ni PHK-n
•1,77
OC « ) 1 N (%) 1.17 0,058
P.,0^ (%) 0.056
'hiem K,0 (%)
0.45
SlO., (%) 24,21 Gidng lac diroc sir dung Irong Ihi nghiem la gidng
Tmdng D.ii IKV Nnng LJm. D.ii tn,K HuO Email ht>anglhithaihoa(ahuaf edu \ii
lac L14, day la gidng lac chu luc, dang duoc gieo trong kha phd bien h-en dia ban tinh.
21.3. Phan bdn
* Dang phan bdn:
Phan vd m. Ure (46% N'), lan Mi|)e U m Thao W& va). KCl (6096K,0),silicamon (iij s,r)j
Vin: Vm hot thuong duoc su d,.,,,, ,.„ ,,-,., N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG
IC
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
phuoTig, 40% CaO.
- Phan chudng: ngiroi din hi sin xuat theo truyen thdng (C: 30,86%. N: 1.08%, P^O^: 0.30%, K.O:
0.45%).
' Phuong phip bdn phan:
+ Bdn lot: 50% vdi khi cay vo, 100% phin chuong +100% phan lan + 100% phan sihc + 50% dam + 50%
kali cr Ian lam dat cudi cung truoc khi gieo.
+ Thuc lan 1- 3 - 4 la: Bdn 50% dam + 50% kali.
+ Thuc ldn 2 - ra hoa rg: 50% vdi.
2.2. Dia di^m vd thdi gian nghien oiu De tii dupe thirc hien trong vu ddng xuan 2018, 2019 (thing 1 den thing 5) tai phudng Huong An, thi xa Huong Tri, tinh Thira Thien - Hue.
2.3. Phuong p h i p nghifin ctru 2.3.1. Cdng thtic thi nghidm
- Thi nghiem 1 nhan td gdm cd 5 cdng thuc duoc trinh biy dbang 2.
12. Cic cdng thlic thi nghiem TT
1 2 3 4 5
Cdng thlic I(DC)
11 III IV V
Lidu lucmg Si02 (kg/ha)
0 30 60 90 120
Nen: 8 tan phan chuong + 40 kg N +60 kg P/)-, + 60kgK.O i- 500 kg vdi/ha
• Thi nghiem duoc bd ti-i theo khoi hoin toan ngau nhien (RCBD) vdi 3 Mn nhic lai. Dien tich mdi 6 thi nghiem li 10 m-.
2.3.2. Cic chi tidu tiieo ddi - Khdi lirong ttwi vi Idid cua cay lac.
' Cic yen td cau thanh nang suat vi nang suit.
- Chi tieu ve hieu qua kinh te: Lpi nhuan (tong thu - tdng chi), VCR (tdng thu/chi phi').
- Hieu suit phin sihc: kg lac vd/kg SlO,.
- Mpt sd tinh chat hoa hoc dit: Miu dat duoc lay cr lang 0 - 20 cm trudc va sau thi nghiem, phoi khd hong khdng khi va phan tich cac chi tieu sau: PHKCI (phuong phip pH met). OC (phuong phip Wakley Black), N (phuong phap Kjelhdah). P (phuong phap
so miu). K (phuong phip quang ke ngon lua). Si (phuong phip khdi luong).
2.3.3. Cac bien phip ky thuat ip dting trong thi nghidm
Cac chi tieu va phuong phip theo doi va bien phip ky thuat dugc ap dting theo quy chuan Qudc gia ve khao nghiem gia tri canh tic va sir dung cic gidng lac QCVN 01 - 57: 20n/BNNPTNT.
2.4. Phuong phip xii ly sd lieu
Xu ly sd lieu vdi cic chi tieu: trung binh, ANOVA. LSD,i,f6 bing phin mem Statistbc 10.
3. KET QUA NGfBy CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Anh hirong ciia li^u lupng sihc d^n khdi lupng ndt sin trto ciy lac
Sd lupng ndt sin tren re phu thupc vio nhtmg yen td nhu: ly, hda tinh cda dit, ch^ dp phin bdn.
Nhieu nghien ciiu co bin da cho thay cic gidng lac pho bien hien nay d Viet Nam thdng thudng cd khoang 100 - 400 ndt san/cay. K^t qua nghien cuu dupe the hien b bing 3.
Ket qua d bang 3 cho thay:
Giai doan ra hoa rg: So lupng ndt san trdn cay cd stj thay doi rd net khi ting lugng bdn silic tir 0 kg SiOa/ha (cdng thiic I) den 120 kg SiO^/ha (cong thlic V). Cac cdng thuc II (30 kg Si02/ha) va cong thlic III (60 kg SiOj/ha) cd sir sai khic cd y nghia thdng ke so vdi cdng thirc ddi chung (cong thiic D • Tuong hJ cong thiic IV (90 kg SiOa/ha), cdng thiic V (120 kg SiOa/ha) cd sai khic cd y nghia thdng ke so vdi cdng thtic ddi chung I (0 kg SiO^/ha).
Giai doan dim Ua: Giai doan nay sd lupng ndt san ldn nhat, dao ddng trong khoang 230,07 - 300.67 ndt san/cay (vu ddng xuan 2018) va 178,07 - 216,00 not san/cay (vu dong xuan 2019). Trong dd cdng thlic dat ndt sin cao nhat la cdng thiic III va IV (60 - 90 kg SiO./ha) vi cdng thiic cd not san thap nhat la cong thirc I (0 kg SiO^/ha). Cic cdng thtic II (30 kg SiO^/ha) va cdng tinic III (60 kg SiO^/ha) cd sir sai khac cd y nghia thdng ke so vdi cdng thirc ddi chiing (cdng thlic D- Tuong hr cdng thiic IV (90 kg SiO:./ha), cdng tinic V (120 kg SiOa/ha) cd sai khic cd y nghia thdng ke so vdi cdng thiic ddi chimg (0 kg SiO./ha).
Giai doan thu hoach: Sd lugng ndt san giim dan va it hon giai doan dim tia, dao ddng trong khoing 213.73 - 244,73 ndt san/cay (vu ddng xuin 2018) va 57
KHOA HOC COHv n ^ n ^
137.111. 183,93 not san/cay (vu ddng xuan 2019). S,. S.l) Iw) cao nhal va co xu huong giani " iinjnK ^"
lUOTg mil san khi dupe bon a cong thlic l\' (90 kg 120 kg SiO,/ha.
Bang 3. Anh huong ciia lidu lu(mg silic ddn sd lupng ndt sin trtn da l?c
fi\r: ndt sin/cay Cling liiuc
.)
1 nic) 11 111 IV V 1SD,„„
B i(nc)
II III IV V LW.„„
3-1 la that 3.,i3' 4.27' -:,.^i^
.").47- A.str :Ui2
3.-l(V 3.,S(t' 3.33' 3,47' 3.20' 1.51
Ciiai doan R:i hii.i ro 1 Diim tia
1 'u ddng xuan 201S 179.iii
22!i.h7-' 21ll.')3 2III.7,!- 2114.73
230.07'' 300,e7' 268,27"'^
270,40-'''"
273,07-*
.•,'((.')•,•>• 33.51 I 'u ddng xuan 2019
79.73"
101.,53' 113.5.3' 130,07' 106.671^"
11.29
178,07' 202.80' 204,13' 216,00' 196,60' 11,63
J Thu hoach 213.73'^
238,67"' 241.33' 244,73' 235,53"'' 36.75
137.40' 164,27' 164,53' 183,93' 162,07' 8,97 Gin did: Oict 'dng Uiuc gidng nhau duoc bieu thi cung mdt chu cai; cac chu- cai khac nhau biifu thi str sai khac dmucy nghia 9.5%
3.2. Anh hudng ciia liiu lupng silic ddn khdi quan trpng trong danh gia kha nSng tdng hop tich lupng chit tuoi vi khd cua dy l?c luy vat chat khd. quydt dinh nang suat lac. Kdt qua
Khdi lupng tiroi va khd cua cay lac la hai chi heu dupe the hien b bang 4.
Bang 4. Anh hudng ciia lidu lupng silic ddn khdi lupng tuoi v4 khd cua c4y Ijc
Cdng tinic
I (PC) II III XV
_ \ _ ir
1 (no 11 in w
3-41alhat Khdi luong tupi
Khdi lupng khd
Ra hoa rd Khdi luong hroi
Khdi Iuong Khd
Dam tia Khdi lupng tuoi
Khdi lupng khd
DVT:g/cay Thu hoaeh Khdi luong tuoi Vu ddng xuan 2018
Khoi lupng khd 9,96"
6.63"
9,78"
4.62 61,64"
52,34'' 59,47"
50,94"' 46,13' 20,85 Vu ddngxuan 2019
10,18"
9,19"
1,58 49,49' 62,33'' 3,64''
9,53'
16,36"
24,45- 5,57' 1.!.""._
3.S2'
3.37' 13.91' 13,111
_3.^!-
^ . 5 0 44,23' 42,10"
34,94"' 9,26' 8.5r 28,7'2' Ghi chu: Cac cong tliui-giong „/,,-,„ dum- bidu Un cung inol chu cai: cac dm kliac aniucy nghia ", H
58,7(r 11,93"' 12,34"' 14,39"
16,35"
cai khac nhau bieu Ihi Sti s.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE K^t qua d bang 4 cho tiiay khdi lugng tuoi vi khd
tang theo thai gian sinh tiudng va phit tiien cua ciy lgc, cung nhu U^u lupng phan sihc. Theo thai gian sinh hirdng, khdi lugng tuoi va khd dat cao nhit d giai (!o?n thu hoach, dao dpng hi 7,04 - 16,36 g/ciy. Khdi lupng tuoi va khd ciia ciy lac dat cao nhat d lirong bdn silic 120 kg SiOa/ha (16,35 - 16,36 g/cay ti-ong hai vu) va thip nhit d cdng thuc ddi chung khong bdn (7.04 - 9.53 g/ciy). Tuy nhidn hau nhu khdng cd su sai khac c6 y nghia thdng ke b lirgng bdn tir 30 - 120 kg SiO^/ha ddi vdi hai chi tieu nay tai giai doan thu hoach trong ci hai vu nghidn ciiu.
3 ^ . Anh hirong ciia U^u lupng silic d & ning siuit Ti cic y ^ td c^u thinh ning suit l^c
Bdn phin can ddi, hgp ly li chia khda d^ tang nang suat ciy trdng vi di4u dd cung thuc su dung trong dieu kien cu the cda thi nghiem. Cay lac cd phan ling rit tich cue vdi lidu lupng sihc hdn. Cd tt\6 thay su phin hda khi ro rang ve nang suat gitia cac cdng thirc thi nghiem. Bdn heu lugng silic khic nhau anh hudng khic nhau den viec hinh thinh nSng suat lac. Ket qua thi nghiem da thu dirpc sd lieu a bang 5.
Cdng thlic A I(BC)
in
n
IV V ISD„a,
B KDC)
II III IV V iSO,„,,,
B ^ g 5. Nang su^t vjl c^e ydu td ciu thanh nSng suit lac trong hai vu
Sd qua chac/cay Pi,.i qua (g) Ti le nhan (%) NSLTfts/ha) nsn (ta/ha) Vu ddngxuan 2018
13,53"
14,30"
14,53' 14,75' 15,01' 2,39
116,33' 120,67"
120,00-"' 120,00"' 119,33-'' 7,99
75,62' 75,69"
76,10"
75,27"
75,74"
0,04
38,95' 42,70"
43,15"
43,80"
44,33' 4,38
25,00' 27,37"' 30.75' 32,87"
33,18"
318 Vu ddngxuan 2019
12,63' 12,97' 13,23' 14,10' 14,13' 2,40
114.33' 117,67"
118,00"' 118,00-'' 118,33"' 8,00
78,70"
78,52' 7 9 , ^ 78,25' 78,74' 4,46
35,73' 37,77' 38,63"
41,17' 41,38' 4,85
21,75' 24,00"' 25,50"
27, W 27,23' 3,55 Ghi chii: Cic cdng thuc gidng nhau duac bieu thi
khic a mtic y nghia 95%.
Qua bang 5 cho thay:
Tdng sd qui chic/cay: Trong tat ca cac ydu to cau thinh ning suat thi chi tieu tdng sd qui chic/ciy la yeu td dugc quan tim nhidu nhit trong sin xuat bdi nd anh hudng rit ldn den nang suit ciy ti-dng. Cd the ndi ring tdng sd qua chic/cay li chi Ueu tdng hgp va toin dien nhat de danh gia hieu qua cua nhmig yeu td canh tac va ngoai cinh anh hudng den loai ciy trdng niy. Nd chiu chi phdi cua rat nhi^u yeu td nhir kha nang ra hoa, thdi diem ra hoa.
vi ti-i ra hoa, kha nang dam Ua vi hinh thanh qua...Trong nhirng yeu td tic ddng den viec lim ting so lupng qua chic/cay thi bdn phan la mot trong nhiing van de then chdt duoc dac biet quan tim. Neu bdn phan day du vi hgp ly cung cip kip thdi dinh duong cho ciy thi khdng nhiing giup cho ciy ti'dng sinh tiirdng, phat trien tdt, ting kha nang chdng chiu
:ung nipt chti cai; cac chti cii khic nhau bieu thi su sai
mi cdn tao tidn dd thuan lgi cho qua trinh ra hoa.
dam tia tao qua... Sd qui chic tren ciy dat thap nhat b cdng thlic I (0 kg SiO:,/ha) 12,63 - 13,53 qui chic/cay, dat cao nhat a cdng thuc V (120 kg SiO./ha) 14,13 - 15,01 qua chic/ciy. So qua chic tren cay cd xu hudng ting dan khi tang lidu luong bdn tir cdng thirc 1 dein cdng thiic V. O cac cdng thirc cd bdn phin sihc chi cd cdng thiic V cd su sai khac y nghia v^ mat thdng ke so vdi cdng thiic ddi chiing ve sd qui chic.
Khdi luong 100 qui; Khdi lugng 100 qui la yeu td ciu thinh nang suit dugc quyet dinh bdi dac di^m di tinydn ciia gidng. Tuy nhien, mdi tirrdng dat, dac biet la phin ung cua dat va tinh ti'ang dinh dudng ti-ong dit cdng cd the anh hudng chi phdi ddn chi tieu nay. Khdi luong 100 qua giiia cic cdng tinic ddi chung va bdn phan sibc cd sir sai khac y nghia ve mat tiidng ke.
59
ttHOAHPCC6Ul'J
Ct.ng t h u c II (30 k g S i O ; / h a ) b vu d d n g x u i n 201.S cd khoi lupng 100 q u a c a o n h i t v*7i 120.67 g va co sai k h a c y n g h i a ve m a t t h d n g k e s o voi c d n g t h u c ddi chiing (0 k g S i O ; / h a ) . Khdi l u p n g H*i q u a d c d n g t h u c V (12(1 k g S i O y h a ) c d s u sai k h a c y nghia v^
m a t t h d n g k& s o vm c d n g t h u c doi c h u n g (Cdng t h u c D ti-ong vv d d n g x u a n 2019. Q u a d o co t h e tiiay dupe sii d u n g p h i n siUc c h o lac c h o khdi lugng 100 q u a tang I6n v.i giira cac lieu l u p n g c u n g cd s u sai khac ve mat t h d n g k e voi n h a u .
N a n g suait ly i h u y c i (NSL'D: Naiu: >ii;i( ly tiiuyet la cir sir d i n h g i i Uem n a n g c h o n a n g -^uai ciia gidng.
N i n g suait ly i h u y c i d u p e q u y e t d m h bdi mat d p c i i y / m . khdi lirgng 100 q u a va d a c bi?t la su q u a c h a c tren c i y . \'i v i y . ndu d u p e c u n g caii day du v i ciin dill c a c c h a l d i n h d u d n g thi s^ t a n g sd q u a c h a c trdn c i y , tang khdi luong 100 q u a d a n den tang n a n g s u i t ly t h u y e t . C a c c o n g tiiuc sii d u n g p h i n silic co n a n g s u i t !i ilniyci c a o h o n s o vm k h d n g b o n phan silic, NSLT d a o d o n g t r o n g k h o a n g '.W.\i7i - 44,33 t^i/ha (vu d d n g \ i i . i n 2 0 1 S ) v a 3 r ) . 7 : i - 4 1 . : W t ? / h a (vu d d n g x u a n 20i;i)- C o sai k h a c y nghia v^ m a t t h d n g kd d n a n g s u i t ly thuyet gnia c d n g t h u c ddi c h u n g va cac c o n g t h u c cd b d n p h i n silic, dieu n i y chinh la do
B i n g 6. Hi^u q u a kinh t^ trong s i n x u i t lgc
ilic d d n c i c yeu i L t h i n h a n h h u d n g c u a p h i n ^
n a n g suat.
Nang sual tiiuc tfiu ( N S T O : Nany s u i t tiiyc tiiu la n a n g s u i t tiiu d u g c tr^n dien tich d tin ngliiem, p h a n anh mdt each c h i n h x a c v a tiiuc t e n h a t klia n i n g sinh tnrdng. phat d i e n c u a lgc h-en d d n g rudng- N a n g s u i t thuc tiiu l i chi tieu cudi c u n g d a n h gia mpt c i c h c h i n h x i e nhat kdt q u a c u a c a c c d n g tiiuc p h i n b d n . N i n g s u i t tiiuc t h u t a n g k h i sir d u n g p h i n silic s o vdi k h d n g b d n p h i n silic. k h i t a n g hdu l u p n g p h a n silic tiii n a n g s u i t c u n g t a n g , d a t c a u n h i t b c d n g tinic V (27.23 - 33,18 t a / h a ) . C i c c d n g tiiirc k h d n g b d n v i c d b d n p h i n silic cd sai k h i c y n g h i a vk m a t tiidng k e . So s i n h n a n g s u i t ti-ong h a i v u c h o t h a y v u d d n g xuan 2018 cd n a n g s u i t lac c a o h o n s o v d i v u d d n g x u i n 2019 do n i n g n d n g t r o n g n h i e u n g a y , d i e bidt vao giai doan lac ra h o a d i m tia, h i n h t h i n h c u .
3.4. Hi$u q u a k i n h t^ k h i b d n p h i n silic c h o c i y lgc
Hieu q u a k i n h t e l i c h i tieu q u a n ti-png ti'ong d a n h g i i higu q u a c u a d i u t u p h a n b d n t r o n g s a n xuat. Kdl qua d u p e t h e h i e n t r o n g b a n g 6.
C d n g t h u c
.1 1 (DC)
11 111 IV V 11 1 (HO
11 111 IV V
NSTT (ts/ha)
1 2.'>.IK1 27.37 •••
30,75' 32.87' 33,18"
2 1 . 7 5 ' 24 .OO-''- 25..iO' 27.UI' 2 7 . 2 3 '
T d n g thu (1000 VND) I
,")7-"il)0 _~ 62 721 70.725 73 m i 7fi3U
.30 02.') .53 2(»l 5S (»0 62.537 62.629
Tdng chi (1000 VND)
Vu ddng xuan 2;io7o 311.27(1 31.470 32 67(1 33.870 1 'u ddngxuan
29.070 30.270 31.470 32.670 33.870
Lai (lOOOVND)
2018 28.430 32 451 39.255 42.931 42.454 2019
20.955 24.930 27.180 29.867 28.759
Hieu suat phan silic (kg lac vd/kg SiOJ
7,57 9,58 8,74 6,82
7,50 6,25 6,04 4.57
VCR
-
4,35 5,51 5,03 3,92
4,31 3,59 3,47 2,62 Ghi chu: Phan ure: m m d,k.i.'. supe lan: 5.000 d/kg kah clonia: 12.000 d/kg phan silicamom 8.000 d. kt. vol 4.000 d/kg. phan chudng 250.000 d/tan. Gia lac: 23.000 d/kg lac khd.
Kel q u a d bing 6 cho Ihay: *^° ^dng tu 62.629.000 ddng den 76.314.000 ddng/ha
Tdng thu: Do phu thudc vao ning suat nen tong
thu d cac cdng thirc cung khac nhau. Tdng thu dat U" nhuan: Loi nhuan dat cao nhat d luong bdn c a o n h a l . t c m i , i ; t h u i ' b o n l 2 0 k g S l O , / h a t r o n g 2 ™ . 9" kg SlO.^ha (29.867.000 ddng/ha - 42.931000
60 NONGNGHIEPVA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 10/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
ddng/ha). Lpi nhuan a lupng bdn 120 kg SiO^/ha cd xu hirdng giam do nang suit ting khdng nhieu so vdi tong chi.
Hieu suat phan sihc v i VCR: Ket qua b bing 6 cho thay hieu suit phan sihc vi VCR a cic cdng thiic till nghidm dat lon nhat d lugng bdn 60 kg SiOg/ha trong vu ddng xuin 2018 vi 30 kg SiO^/ha trong vu
ddng xuin 2019.
3.5. Anh huong cua Uhi lupng phin silic d6i tinh chat dctt sau thi nghidm
Dat la nhin td quan trgng hang dau trong sin xuat ndng nghiep ndi chung va san xuat lac ndi neng.
Kdt qua nghien ciiu dugc the hien d bing 7.
Bang 7. Mdt sd tinh ch^t d^t sau tfai nghidm Cdng thlic
KDC) II III
rv
V
PHKO 4,80 4,85 4,87 4,90 4,92
0C(%) 1,20 1,26 1,30 1,33 1,35
N(%) 0,059 0,060 0,062 0,063 0,065
P,Os (*) 0.050 0.056 0.058 0,060 0,061
KjO (%) 0,45 0,48 0,50 0,51 0,55
SiO, (*) 24,20 24,56 24,67 25,02 25,12 K^t qua o' bing 7 cho thay:
Dd chua cua dat (PHKCI); Ket qua phin tich cho thiy dat trudc thi nghiem rat chua, sau thi nghiem PHKCI thay doi khdng dang ke, dao ddng tir 4.80 - 4,92.
Ham lugng cac bon hiin co (OC): La mpt chi tieu quan ti-png de dinh gia do phi cua dit, klio du trCr tiiirc an cho cay ti-dng. Ket qua phan tich him lugng cac bon htru ca cho thay sau thi nghiem b cic hdu lirpng phin silic deu tSng ham lupng cic bon hiiu ca, d$c bi&t d cic li^u lugng silic cao (120 kg SiO^/ha).
Ham lupng dam tdng sd trong dat (N 96): Dat trubc thi nghiem cd him lugng dam tdng sd b miic ngheo. Sau thi nghiem ham luong dam tdng sd b cic cong Uiiic ddu ting, dac biet ham lugng dam tdng sd ti-ong dat tang cao ding ke b cac cdng thiic bdn phin silic voi lidu lupng cao (cdng thuc V).
Him lupng lin tdng sd trong dat (Pi^5 ^)- Ket qua phan tich ham lugng lan tong sd cho thay dat thi nghidm cd ham lugng lan tdng so a muc ngheo 0,050 - 0,061%. Sau thi nghiem, ham lirgng lan tdng sd cd ting. Cic cdng tiiirc co su dung phan silic cd him lupng lan tdng sd tang cao hon.
Him lupng kali tdng sd (K..0 %): Him lugng kali tdng sd d miic kha sau thi nghiem do thay ddi tinh chat hda hoc cua keo dit khi bdn phan hiru co va phin silic.
Ham luong sihc tdng sd (SiOo %): cd xu hudng tang len a lupng bdn cao, cao nhit a lugng bdn 120 kg SiO,/ha.
4. KET LUAN VA BE NGHI 4.LK^tlu|n
- Ueu lugng sihc cd anh hudng ddn khdi lupng tuoi vi khd cua ciy lac, khdi luong chit khd dat cao nhat d luong bdn 120 kg SiOz/ha.
- Nang suit thuc thu tang tiieo lupng bdn silic vi dat cao nhat d lupng bdn 120 kg SiO^/ha (27,23 - 33,18 ta/ha).
• Lgi nhuin thu dugc cao nhat d cdng thuc bdn 90 kg SiO./ha (29,867 - 42,931 tiidu ddng/ha). Hidu suit phin bdn va VCR dat cao nhat b lugng bdn 30 - 60 kg SiOs/ha.
- Mpt sd tinh chat hda hpc dat dugc cai thien sau hai vu trdng lac, dac biet la ham lupng silic tdng sd.
4.2. D^ nghi
Cd the lira chpn lupng phin bdn 60 - 90 kg SiO,/ha ti-en ndn 40 kg N + 60 kg P.Os + 60 kg K,0 + 500 kg vdi/ha ip dung ti-ong san xuat lac ti-en dat phii sa tinh Thira Thien - Hud de ling nang suit, dat hieu qua kinh t^ va cai thien do phi dit.
TAI UEU THAM KHAD
1. Gert van den berg, 2007. Sihcon in human nutiition and crops, www. silicon-nutrition.info.
2. Lindsay W. L, 1979. Chemical Equilibrium in Soils. John ^\'ile\- & Sons. New York.
3. Hd Khac Mmh, 2014. Nghidn cuu bidn phip ky thuat nhim tang nang suat vi bleu qui sin xuat lac (Arachis hypogea L.) trdn dat cit Quang Binh.
Luan in Tien si ndng nghiep, Dai hgc Hue.
4. Nien giim Thong ke tinh Thua Thien - Hud, 2016. Nha xuat ban Thdng ke. Thira Thien - Hud.
KHOA HOC COUJ. i:j
5. Hoang Mmh Tim. Hd Huy Cutmi:. Dd Thi \.mi Trung bp. Bio cao tdng ket klioa hpc. Vieii N^oc va cs. 2U1U. Nghidn cuu xac dmh ca cau cay Khoa hoc Ky thuat Xong nghiep duyen hai Nam trong bap ly trdn dat cat ven bi^ wng duydn hii Trung bd.
STUDY ON EFFECT OF SIUCON RATES ON PEANUT IN ALLUVIAL SOIL OF THUA T H E N - HLT PROVINCE
Do Hoang TTie Phuc, Hoang Thi TTiai Hoa Summary
An expenment consislt-d of five rates of silicon ^-as arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with tiiree replications in die spnny reasons of 2018 and 2019 in alluvial soil of Thua Thien- Hue province to a-^M-ss the < fhvt?. of sUicon rales on peanut Weld, silicon fertilizer use efficiency and some soil chemical propcrtit-s The results show tiiat diffcreni rates of silicon fertilizer affected on the parameters of peanut such ns pod yield, economic efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency and total silicon conteni in the soil Applantion of fertilizer at AO kfi N • ISO kfi P.O + 60 kg K,0 + 60 - 90 kg SiO, + 500 kg Ume + 8 tons of nianure/ha was obtained the highest pod yield, economic efficiency and fertilizer use efficiency in tiie two crop seasons, while the total silicon conteni in the M.II increased after the expenment.
K£yvords:.V/tni.i/.soil ft-ralizcru^,-effk-ii-my,peanut, silicon.yield
Ngudi phin bien: TS. Bui Huy Hi^n Ngiy nhjn bii: 26/7/2019 Ngiy thdng qua phan b i ^ : 27/,S/L'(I]9 Ngiy duy$t dang:-l/H/^dHi
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY , - THANG ,0/2019
