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h i l n iupe phdt friln gido dye 2011 -2020 rd't quan tdm tdi viee ddu tu phdt frien ddo ipo (DT) nhdn lye, ddc blgl DT nhdn iyc chd't iupng coo. Trong 8 nhdm gidl phdp edn isdn dupe ddt ro cho gido dye nude nhd khi bude vdo nen kinh te thi trudng djnh hudng XHCN, xd hdi hod gido dye, hdi nhdp qude le, gidl phdp thii 5 khSng djnh: «Tdng cudng gSn DT vdl sii dyng, nghiin ciru khoa hgc vd chuyin glao cdng nghi ddp i/ng nhu cdu xd hgC (1) - cy thi: «.Quy djnh trdeh nhlim vd co chi phd'l hgp giiia Bd GD-DT vdl cdc bd ngdnh, dja phuong; gli/a cdc co sd DT vd doanh nghiip trong vlic xdc djnh nhu edu DT, xdy dyng vd ddnh gid chuong trtnh, tuyin sinh, td chiic DT vd thye tap tgl doanh nghiip, tuyin dyng hge sinh, sinh viin tdt nghiep" (1).Nhu vdy, hirdng di dd rd song cdch thye hign dudng nhu edn nhirng bdt cap: phuong ihue lien ket ra soo? lieu doanh nghiep cd sSn sdng bdt tay vdl nhd frudng hay khdng? Thiet nghl, edn phdi bdt ddu h> sy thay ddi hr duy frong qud trinh tign kit DT glCra co sd gido dye (CSGD) vd CO sd sdn xud't (CSSX) dya frgn nhCfrig kinh nghiem ve ede md hinh (MH) llgn kit DTN dupe dp dyng thdnh edng frgn t h i gidl.
1. Mdt sd'khdl nigm
; ; Llin kit ddo tqo (LKDT) Id hinh thuc hop Idc, phd'l hpp thudng xuyen ede hopt ddng do ede CO sd DT ndy vdl eo sd DT khde (hodc gliJa co sd DT vd td ehue kinh te) trgn co sd hr nguyen, hoi ben cung ed kjl thdng qua hpp ddng ki ket glCro cdc bgn tham glo, nh^m myc dich khoi thdc Hem ndng cuo Kfrig don vj thorn glo llgn kit. U<DT dupe thye hien frgn nhieu phuong di|n nhu: td ehue DT; tdi ehinh, co sd vdl chd't; thilt ke xdy dyng chuong trinh DT; nhdn sy; thdng fin...
Hinh thue IXDT khd do dgng: ed the llgn kit gluo CSGD ndy vdl CSGD khde; gluo 1 CSGD vdi nhieu CSGD; gluo 1 CSGD vdl 1 CSSX hodc
nhllu CSSX; giua 1 CSSX vdl 1 CSGD ho^e nhilu CSGD (xem sa dd).
TRirdNG
r
(CSGD)
U£NKt:TDAOTAO
— • TRirdNG (CSGD)
1
DOANH NGHIEP (CSSX)
SadSviLKDT 2) Md hinh
Ti> d i l n T i i n g Vl#t djnh nghTo «md hinh"
theo hoi nghTa: 1) Id «vdt ciing dgng nhung Idm thu nhd lgi nhiiu, md phdng edu tgo vd hogt ddng cua mdt vdt khde di trtnh bdy, nghiin ciiu";
2) «Hinh thiic diin dgt hit siic ggn theo m^t ngdn ngu ndo dd ede ddc trung chu yiu ciia mgt ddl tugng di nghien ciiu dd'l tugng dy" (2); cdn Ti>
d i l n T r i l t hpc xdc djnh: «MH Id mdt sy vdt dugc tgo ra bdi mdt chu thi trin ca sd tuang ty, gidng nhau vi cd'u true, chiic ndng hodc hdnh vl so vdl nguyin mdu tuang Ung, dugc sii dyng di cd thi gidl quyit nhirng nhlim vy md vl^e thye hiin ehung bdng cdc thao tdc tryc tlip lin nguyin mdu Id khd khdn hodc hodn todn khdng thi duqc hay qud ton kem trong diiu klin dd cho" (3).
Nhu vdy, MH id mdt md phdng bdng thye t h i hoy bdng khdl niem mdt sd thude tinh vd quon he ddc frung cuo mdt dd'l tupng ndo dd (gpl Id nguygn hinh hoy dd'l tupng dupe MH hod) vdl myc dich nhdn thue, idm ddl hrpng quon sdt thoy cho nguygn hinh hodc Idm ddl tupng nghign cuu ve nguygn hinh. Trong qudn ii gido dye, phuong phdp MH hod dupe dp dyng h i f u qud khi
«nghlin ciiu tdng kit cde don vt tiin tiin... ditO ' Tmtit CM tilt cta{ igk^ va kink U U N4i
Tap chi Glao duo so 2 9 4 (kt a . t/aoia)
dd di xud't MH phdt triin cua nd trong tuang lai" (4). Tuy nhign, khi dp dyng MH, phdi edn nhdc theo tung d i l u kign cy the, iyo chpn vd v$n dyng sdng tpo, hpp li trdnh bdt ehude mdy mdc, rgp khudn.
2. Mdt id MH ilgn k i t DTN frgn t h i gidi Hign nay, tgl nhllu nude, dd ed nhi/ng MH llgn kit DTN dupe van dyng thdnh cdng nhu: «.DT kip" (Dual System) cuo CHLB Due; «Dr ludn phiin" (Alternation) eua Phdp; «chuong trinh thi Irudng lao dgn^' (Lalx>ur market programmes) cuo Australia; <i2+2' cuo Nouy; <-<ba kit hgp"
(Three In one) eua Trung Qude; «/ig thdng 2 + J"
cuo Hdn Qude; «/ig thdng hgp tdc DTN' (Cooperative Training System) cua Thdl Ixin; dy dn «.Dudng trdn chdtlugn^' (QuoliH Circle Project) cua An D^,... Bdi vilt ndy tdp trung nghign cuu 2 MH sou:
1) Md htnh ^DTkip". MH ndy tdp trung vdo sy kit hpp glCro nhd trudng (CSGD) vd cdng tl (CSSX). Trong dd, cde edng H eung edp cdc kiln thuc vd kT ndng thye t l , ddc biet Id khdl kiln thuc, kT ndng phCi hpp vdl edng nghe sdn xud't cua ehinh hp; edn nhd trudng se cung cd'p kiln ihuc li thuylt CO bdn. Sy phdt frien hoi «nln tdng"
cung song song DT nhu vgy tpo cho MH nhieu Ipl i h l vd dd phdt huy hieu qud thiet thye. Hien tpi, MH «DT kep" da dupe dp dyng tgl mot so nude nhu: Due, Australia, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Thyy ST, Don Mpch, Phdp, Trung Qude vd mpt sd nude chdu A.
Theo ddnh gid chung, MH «DT kep" ed nhilu
\gi thi: 1) HV dupe eung cd'p ede kT ndng co bdn v l ngdnh nghl dd chpn vd dupe DT chuygn sdu (ihdl lupng hpe cdc mdn chuygn ngdnh chilm dO%, mdn phd thdng chilm 40%); HV cd the theo hpc ngdnh eua minh tpi edng tl td'l thieu 3 ngdy/1 hrdn (tgl Phdp, ngudi hpe ed the hpc 2,5 ngdy d cdng fi, 2,5 ngdy d trudng; hodc 1 hjdn d edng H, 1 hjdn d trudng; hay 6 thdng d cdng fi, d thdng d frudng). 2) Chi phi DT do chinh quyen bang frd eho hpc phdn hpe tpi trudng theo chuong frinh, cdn edng H trd ehl phi frye Hip eho viee DT thye hdnh tgl eo sd. 3) He thd'ng dupe dieu chinh bdi nhu edu cuo chinh edng tl, ngn sou khi tdt nghigp, HV thudng cd viee Idm dOng chuygn ngdnh DT.
Theo sd ligu cuo Bd Gido dye vd Khoa hgc (CHI£
Due), sou d thdng id't nghiep, dO% HV nhpn dupe v l ^ Idm vdl hpp ddng 3-4 ndm, sau dd ki hpp ddng Idm v l ^ vTnh vien; 10% that nghiep; 17%
tham gia qudn ngu hodc hop ddng ngdn hon;
13%thamgtaDTtie'p(5), (d).
MH «DT kep" dpi dupe hieu qud coo nhu vdy hdt ngudn h> che dp ddi ngd ddi vdl ngudi thorn glo gidng dgy d CSGD vd CSSX, d sy trao doi thdng Hn, sy Iyo chpn dpi ngO gido vien toy nghe cao, nhieu ndm kinh nghiem, du ndng lye su phpm, chuygn mdn gidng day. Tuy nhien, MH ndy hien dang gdp phdi nhirng trd ngpl chua de gidi quyet, dd Id: ngdy edng it cdng tl sSn sdng DT «thp hpc viec"; nhllu nhdn vign khdng chudn bj tdm ii vdo cdng tl de gidng dgy, hudng dan thp hpe viec cho du cd chinh sdch uu ddl «edng nhdn do trdng". Do vdy, theo chung tdi, vigc dp dyng MH vdo lien kit DTN d Viet Nam cdn than trpng, khi md hg thdng chinh sdch dai ngp tpi nude to ddl vdl ngudi tryc Hep tham gia gidng dgy chua theo kjp nhu cdu xd hpi vd sy ddl thoy frgn t h i gidl;
ede CSSX van «mdc nhign" col ngudn nhdn lyc qua DT Id ngudn «hdng hod cdng cdng", khdng ddp ung ygu cdu v l chd't lupng.
2) Md hinh *2+2* (2 ndm hpe dpi cuong vd 2 ndm hpe nghl tpi nhd mdy, doanh nghiep) cuo No Uy dya trgn triet li cuo eyu Thu tudng Gro Harlem Brundtlond «Myc tieu chung cua tdtcd hi thd'ng gido dye DTN Id phdi cung cd'p dugc klin thiie dong bg gli/a ll ihuyit vd thye hdnh di ngudi hgc cd thi ung dyng nhi/ng kinh nghiem thye ti vdo cugc sdn^'. Chu truang ndy dd chi phdi phuong thuc td chuc llgn kit DTN d qude glo ndy.
Sy hpp tdc chdt che gluo 3 bgn: gidl chu, cdng dodn vd co quon gido dye dd tpo budc Hen ddng ke trong cdng tdc DTN vdl nguygn tdc DT: ngudi hgc nghi klhgp dong vdl doanh nghiip DT. Trong 2 ndm thye hdnh nghl, doanh nghiep phdi ddm bido: trong ndm thu nhd't, cdng nhdn Idnh nghl hudng dan ve kT thudt; d ndm thu hai, chuong frinh se gidm bdt cde filt hpe hudng ddn, tdng ygu cdu h/ hpe. HV dupe hudng luong hpc viec frong cd hoi ndm. Khi kit thuc khdo hpc, HV dupe frao chirng nhpn vd fim viec ldm.
Ndl dung chuong trinh day nghe do td chuc ha ben cd'p qude gia sogn thdo, edn td ehue ixi ijgn edp khu vyc (Bon DT) se xdc dinh quy md DTN, kinh phi, djch vy, gidm sdt vd id ehue ede ki thi cd'p ehung chi DTN. Theo ddnh gid cuo figu chudn qud'c te, «2-h2' Id mdt MH khd todn dien, it khilm khuylt khi kit hpp qud frinh DTN vdl chuong trinh phd thdng. Duo fren MH chung, ede td ehue DTN d No Uy dd thilt lap them ede MH
Tap chi Glao due so 2 9 4 (ki a - »/aoia)
nhu: « / +3" (1 ndm hoe d trudng, 3 ndm hoe tai CSSX), «0+4" (4 ndm hoc tpi CSSX).
Tuy dupe ddnh gid coo nhu vdy, song theo chung tdi, viee dp dyng MH ndy vdo Viet Nam giai dogn hien nay edn cd thgm thdl glon nghien cuu, thu nghiem bdi thj trudng lao ddng nude ta dong frong finh frgng «thd ndl"; cde CSGD, CSSX chua ihyc sy «bdt toy" hpp tdc vdl nhou; edn hien hrpng «eung" khdng hpp «cdu"; lyc lupng loo ddng quo DT vuo thua, vua thilu, vira ylu,... rdt d l gdy nen finh frpng mdt cdn ddl frong DT, gidm hieu qud qud frinh lien kit.
• • «
Tu mdt sd MH ngu trgn, thilt nghT, hogt ddng ilgn kit DTN d Viet Nam cdn cd sy nhin nhdn todn dien, tich eye hon nhSm tung bude vuon tdi myc flgu DT ngudn nhdn lye ehd't iupng coo, phye vy sy nghiep CNH, HDH ddt nude. Dd Id: cdn thoy ddl Kr duy DTN, col chdt lupng DTN Id trdeh nhiem eua nhd nude, nhd trudng vd nhd su dyng loo ddng; xdy dyng he thdng eninh sdch v l llgn kg't DT glCra CSGD vd CSSX vdi nhirng cam kit rdng bude frdch nhigm; CSGD vd CSSX cung thorn gia xdy dyng chuong frinh DTN, phdt triln chudn DTN vd ddnh gid kT ndng nghe. G
(1) Chinh phij. Chi^n Im^c phit tri^n giio dye 2011 - 2020.
(2) Vifn Khoa hpc xi hOi Vifn NgOn ngd hpc.
Tir dien ti^ng Vift. Trung tdm TH diin - Ngdn nga, H. 1992.
O) Tir dien Triet hpc. NXB Van hda thdng tin.
H. 2002.
(4) Trin Kiem. Tifp c$n hif n d^i trong quin 1( giio due. NXB Dpi hpc suphpm Hd Ndi, 2007
(5) Listjeth Lundahh - Theodor Sander. Vocational Education and training in Germany and Sweden.
TNTEEpublications volume I. Swende, 8/1998.
(6) Vollcer Ihde. The Dual system of vocational education in Germany - Basic Assess of system and its adaptation to the challenges of the 2 irirst century.
Germany. 2004.
SUMMARY
The relationship between businesses and col- leges in Vietnam is now being cared. However, there Is a lack of education-industry linkage eventhough the benefits of this linkage is clear Both businesses and colleges have benefits but in the fact, both sides don't actually link together for many reasons.
One of those reasons Is the shortage of models of linkage between businesses and colleges. This arti- cle will analyze two typical models applying In many countries In the world such as: the dual system of Germany and '2+2'model of Noway. Each of mod- els has advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, It is necessary to base on conditions in Vietnam to choose a suitable model which improve vocational training system.
Hoc tap hoc phan...
(Tlip theo trang 54)
d l ed nhieu hopt ddng phong phu mang lgi hieu qud hpc tgp td'l hon. Q
(1) Gerhard de Haan. "Hpc tinh b6n vOng". HOi thao - tjp huin quO'c gia "Thiit kivd thuc hiin cdc chuong trinh vd dudn vi Gido due vi si/phdt triin bin vCtng (2005-2014)". Hk NOi. 2008.
Tii lif u tham khio
1. Le Thj Anh. Td chiic hopt ddng ngopi khod gido diic mdi truimg cho sinh viin cao ddng suphpm Hd Giang qua hpc phdn dia It dia phuong. Lu$n van th?c si. Ha NOi. 2004.
2. NguyJn Hihj ChSu (chu bien). "Ddn sd site khde sinh sdn vi thdnh niin thdng qua cdc hopt ddng ngopi khda trong nhd trudng ". Dir in do Quy din sO' Lien hi$p quO'c (UI^fFPA) tki trp cho BO GD-DT, 2008.
?>. Nguyen Thi Thu Hang - Trin Due Tuin. "Gidoduc vi suphdt triin bin vitng qua mdn Dia li" (Tii li$u
d^y hpc dinh cho sinh vien khoa Dja li). Trudng Dpi hpc suphpm Hd Ndi, 2009.
4. Thip ki giio due vi sy phit tri^n bin vOng 2005- 2014. UNESCO, 2005.
5. Ding van Due. Li luin d^y hpc d|a If (Phin dfii cuomg). NXB Dpi hpe suphpm Hd Ndi, 2007.
6. Trin Ba Hoinh. Drii miSri phuong phip day hpc, chuimg trinh v i sich giio khoa. NXB Dpi hpc su phpm, 2007.
SUMMARY
Education for sustainable devetopment for students in Geography Faculty of Ha Noi National Unlveristy of EducatKtn by extrar curricubr activities have an Impor- tant role. We enquire the opinions of students into the status of education for sustainable development by extra curricular activities, the results: the students think that the extrar curricular ac tlvltles are Important about teaching the course Education for Sustainable Devel- opment Organizing extrar curriculum activities to help learners have a practicality, practical skills, self-learn- ing capability, moral values and change the tiehavtor However, now we organizing extrar curricukir activities for students have some diflkult: the opinion of students, conditions of ck3ss, time...
