Xay diftig thang do V| the kinh te - xa hoi cua cac khu cong nghiep:
Tri/ofng hgip nghien cuU tai Bien Hoa, Dong Nai
MGavlM THANH LAW DOAN M A N H Q O Y N H "
Tom t^t
Nghiin cffu lien hdnh xdy dffng thang do "Vi the kinh te-xd hdi" cua cdc khu cong nghiep (KCN) nhdm ldm cong cu ddnh gid tdc ddng di'n chdt lugng nguon nhdn luc (CLNNL) cua cdc KCN. Trong trffdng hgp nghien cffu tgi KCN d Biin Hod. Dong Nai. thang do dugc sff dung ldn ddu diddnh gid "Vi the kinh te - xa hgi" cda cdc KCN. Ki't qud cho thdy, thang do phd h0p vd CO the dugc sff dtxng trong thffc tiin. Nghien cffu tgo tien de cho cdc nghiin cffu liep theo trong linh vffc CLNNL.
Tvfkhoa: chdt lugng nguSn nhdn lffc. vi the kinh te-xa hgi. khu cdng nghiip, Biin Hda. linh Dong Nai
Summary
This research aims at proposing "socio-economic standing" scale of industrial parks as an assessment tool lo evaluate its impacts on the quality of human resources in industrial parks.
In the empirical study in industrial parks in Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, the scale is first used lo measure their "socio-economic standing". The outcome indicates that the scale is appropriate enough for practical application. This study paves the way for further researches in the area of the quality of human resources.
Keywords: quality of human resources, socio-economic standing, industrial parks. Bien Hoa, Dong Nai
GlCfl THI^U cac cdng trinh do chffa xem xet de'n sff tdc dpng cua ye'u to'Vi thd'kinh te'- xa hpi cua cac KCN. Do dd, nghidn ciiXi Trong bdi canh hdi nhdp sdu rdng vao ndy se tap trung phdn tich tac ddng cua ye'u to' nay den nin kinh td' the gidi, cong ddng kinh te' CLNNL nhdm gdp ph^n hoan thien he thd'ng cde yd'u to' ASEAN hinh thanh vdo cud'i nam 2015, tac ddng trong ITnh vffe nay.
ciing vdi thffc hien Dff an xay dffng Cang
Hang khdng Qude te'Long Thanh dffde CO Sd >Y THUYET VA PHL/ONG PHAP QuS'c hdi khda XIII thdng qua va de dn NGHIEN c C u
quy hoach phat trien ve tinh vanh dai
kinh te quanh TP. Ho Chi Minh, trong dd Cd sd ly thuyd't c6 tinh Ddng Nai, da dat ra yeu cau ed'p Khdi ni$m nhdn lffc
bdch ve vide nang cao CLNNL trong cdc Theo Nguyln Van Diem vd Nguydn Ngpc Quan KCN 6 tinh Ddng Nai. Day dffdc xem Id (2012), nhan Itfc thffdng dffdc hie'u la ngudn life cija mot trong nhffng tien de quan trgng cho mdi con ngffdi the' hien d the' lffc va tri life; trong dd, sif phdt trien kinh te' - xd hdi cua Ddng the' lffc dffdc the hien d sffc khde cua than the, cdn Nai ndi ndng, cua ca khu vffe Ddng Nam tri lffc dffdc the hien d kha ndng suy nghi, trinh do Bp, cung nhff ca nffdc ndi chung. hid'u bie't, kha ndng tie'p thu kid'n thifc, tai nang, ndng Quynhvdcdngsff(2017), Lam vacpng khid'u, eung nhff quan diem, Idng tin va nhan each cua sif(2019)daehiranhieu yd'u td'cd tac ddng tffng con ngffdi. Nhdn life cdn dffdc djnh nghia Id sffc dd'n CLNNL trong cdc KCN. Tuy nhien, lao ddng cua eon ngffdi, la mdt ngudn life quy gid nhd't
"Phong Quan he quoc te, Trtfcfng Dai hpc L?c Hdng
"Khoa Sau d?i hpc, Trifdng D?i hpc L?c H6ng
Hgdynhdn bdi: 10/6/2020; Ngdy phdn bien: 17/6/2020; Ngdy duyet ddng: 27/6/2020
^ o n o n i y and Forecast Revic\\
93
trong cdc ye'u td' san xua't cua cdc td chu'c (Trdn Kim Dung, 2013).
Khdi ni^m chdt Iti^ig nguon nhdn lUc Do tinh chat quan trong cua ngudn nhdn life (NNL), viec nang^cao CLNNL la vd ciing quan trpng cua cac to chffc de' dam bao sff tdn tai va phat trie'n. Tuy nhien, CLNNL la mdt dai Iffdng da chieu va cd the dffdc phan dnh thdng qua cde tieu chi ddnh gid khac nhau (Quynh vd cpng sff 2017; Lam va cdng sff, 2019). Do dd, vide xdc dinh day du cac tidu chi do Iffdng CLNNL la mot ITnh vffc dffdc nhieu hpc gia quan tdm. Belli va ZurUnda (2009), Naoki (2011) de xua't su'dung mpt so'chi tidu quan sdt dffdc, nhff: Trinh dp hpc va'n; Gidi tinh; Sffc khde; Do tudi lao ddng; Tien Iffdng; Nang sua't lao dpng.
Hanushek va Kimko (2000) de xua't danh gid CLNNL thdng qua cha't Iffdng dao tao tai edc cd sd dao tao, hay thdng qua ke't qua hpc tap trong tnfdng, hoac cd the do Iffdng dffa vao tdng chi phi hoat ddng dao tao hodc Iffdng cua giang vidn...
Nguydn Ngpc Hiing (2016), Bui Sy Tud'n (2011), Le Thi Thuy (2012), de xua't SIJ'dung cdc tidu chi: Trinh dp lao dpng; Ky ndng; Thdi do cua ngffdi lao dpng (bdi vi cdc tieu chi nay cd vai trd ddc bidt quan trong dd'i vdi nang sua't, hieu qua, hieu sua't lao ddng).
Vi the kinh te- xd hgi
Theo Hodng Hffu Phe va Patrick Wakely (2000), ly thuye't Vi thd' - Cha't Iffdng, ddng hpc ddn cff dd thi dffpc hieu la mdt sff dich chuye'n ddng thdi dpc theo hai chieu vi the' ndi d va chat lffdng nha d, tff dd tao thanh mdt dffdng ngffdng mong mud'n.
Ly thuyd't Vi thd' - Chat Iffdng cua Hoang Hifu Phd va Patrick Wakely (2000) gdp phan xay dffng thanh cdng mdt mo hinh hoan todn mdi ve cff tru dd thi. Theo do, hanh vi lffa chon nhd d da cd thay ddi theo ldi truyen thd'ng, trong do sff danh ddi giffa chi phi di lai va ehi phi nha d cac md hinh cd die'n cua Alonso (1964), Muth (1969) dffde thay the'bang sff ddnh ddi giffa vi thd' xa hoi va chat Iffdng nha d. Hodc nd'u ndi chinh xde hdn. ve mat thffc chd't, cd thd chffng minh rang, md hinh Alonso chi la mdt trffdng hdp dac biet cua md hinh Iy thuye't vd Vi the' - Chat Iffdng.
Tran Thanh Hung (2013) cho rdng, Vi the' ndi d la mdt hinh thffc do sff mong mud'n ve mat xa hoi gdn vdi nhd d tai mdt vi tri xdc dinh. Dd la sff mong mud'n eua eon ngffdi ve eon ngffdi vdi cdc dac diem van hda - xa hdi va kinh te' tffdng ffng. Tff sff mong mud'n ndy tid'n tdi thie't lap cdc md'i quan he xa hdi giffa con ngffdi vdi con ngffdi khi cd sif phii hdp ve mat van hda - xa hdi vd kinh te'. Vi thd' hinh thdnh bat dau tff sff mong mud'n bdn trong con ngffdi vd bid'u hien ra ben ngoai Id cde quan he xa hpi. Vi vay, vi the' dffdc hieu la tdng hda cdc quan he xd hoi dffdc hinh thanh tff cdc tffdng tac thj trffdng va phi thi trffdng.
Cung theo Trdn Thanh Huiig (2013), vi tri khdng phai la vi the', khdng ddng nha't vi the' vdi vi M. Can phan bidt vj tri trong khdng gian tff nhien. vi tri trong khdng gian kinh td'- xa hdi vd vi tri trong khdng gian tam ly. Vi thd' d day chinh Id phan dnh cdc vi tri hong
khdng gian tff nhidn vd khdng gian kinh te - xd hdi vao trong khdng gian tam 1^.
Nhff vdy, cd the ndi, vi the' eiing Id vj tri trong khdng gian tam ly.
Nguydn Thj My Linh (2013) eho rdng, cdc dd thj cd ca'u tnic (da) cffc, cde cffc phdt trie'n la ndi cd (cde) vj the xa hdi cao nha't. Vi the xd hdi cd the' dac trffng cho tai san, quyen lffc chinh tri, kinh doanh, vdn hda, ehung tdc, gido due... tiiy theo hinh thai kinh te - xa hdi.
Mdt trong nhiihg yd'u td' khi phan tich dd'i thu canh tranh Id xem xet de'n viec doanh nghiep canh tranh dang nghi gi ve vi thd' tffdng dd'i cua nunh - ve gid ca, chat Iffdng san pham, sfftinh xdo ve cdng nghe.., nhiihg didm manh, diem ye'u eua minh (Dffdng Ngpc DQng, 2009). Vi thd'kinh te'- xa hdi cua dja phffdng dffde xet hen nhieu quan he kinh te' - xa hdi, nd tao ra cdc gid tri gia tdng ngoai sinh chidm vi the' eao trong tam ly cua ngffdi dan, ngffdi lao ddng trong viec lffa chpn ndi d, ndi ldm vide.
Ke' thffa cdc nghien cffu tren, trong nghidn cu\i nay, vj thd' kinh td' - xa hpi cua mdt dia phffdng difdc hieu la tdng hda cac quan he kinh td' - xd hdi dffde hinh thanh tff cac yd'u to' cua mdi trffdng kinh te' - xa hdi, nhff: tang trffdng kinh te, vdn hda, gido due, dia Iy, dieu kien tff nhien, mffc chi phi, cd hdi vide ldm, the chd' phdp ly, mdi trffdng sd'ng... Cdc yd'u td'nay tao thanh the thd'ng nhd't trong khdng gian kinh le - xa hdi va trong khdng gian tam ly cua ngffdi cam nhan, nd anh hffdng den hanh vi cua ngffdi cam nhan.
Phifdng phap nghidn cihi Nhdm tdc gia xay dffng bang cdu h6i khao sdt ngffdi lao dpng trong cdc KCN d Bidn Hda, Ddng Nai de xem xet Ihffc trang ye'u to'" Vi thd' kinh td' - xd hpi" eua cdc KCN d tinh Dong Nai dang d mffc nao trong cam nhan cua ho. Cu the, bdng cdu hdi gdm 8 khia canh khao sdt, ky hidu VTKXl - ^ VTKX8, dffdc xay dffng dffa tren gide do "trong nhan thffc vd tdm tri eua anh/chj, cac KCN 6 Bidn Hda, Ddng Nai cd vi the' nhff the' nao so vdi cdc KCN d edc tinh/thdnh xung quanh (TP. Hd Chi Minh, Binh Dffdng, Bd Ria - Vung Tdu...)". Cdc khia canh trdn dffdc ddnh gid theo thang do Liken 5 mffc dp theo quy ffdc: (1) Ra't tha'p: (2) Tha'p; (3) Binh thffdng; (4) Td't; (5) Rd't td't.
De cd sd' li^u nghidn cff^j. nhdm tde gia tid'n hanh khao sdt 350 ngffdi lao ddng trong cac K C \ d Bidn Hda. Dong Nai tff thdng 7 den thdng 8/2019. Ket qua thu
94
ve drfde 241 phid'u; hong dd, 14 phie'u khdng hdp Id; 227 phie'u hdp le, nghTa la cd 227 quan sdt hdp le dffde dung de phdn tich thffc trang Vi thd' kinh td' - xa hpi cua cae KCN trong tinh Ddng Nai.
Nghien cffu suf dung phffpng phdp thdng ke md td va phan tich dp tin cay thang do bang Cronbach's Alpha. Thang do dffdc xem Id dam bao dp tin cay khi t^t ca cac bid'n quan sat cua thang do cd h? sd tffdng quan bie'n tdng > 0,3 va a >
0,7 (Steenkamp va Van Trijp, 1991).
KET QUA NGHIEN CCaj
Kd't qua thd'ng ke md ta mSu nghidn cifu
Thd'ng kd md ta ve dac die'm nhdn khau hpc cua cdc quan sat hpp le dffdc the hidn trong Bdng 1.
Phdn tich dO tin c$y thang do Bang 2 cho thd'y, gid tri eua he so' Cronbach's Alpha a = 0,839 va cdc gid trj cua he so tffdng quan bie'n tdng ddu ldn hdn 0,3, Nhff vay, td't ca edc bie'n quan sdt ddu phii hdp dd do Iffdng thang do "Vj thd'kinh te'- xa hdi".
Thifc trgng "Vj the kinh td'- xa h^i"
ciia cac KCN d Bidn Hoa, Ddng Nai Trong cac khia canh do Iffdng khdi niem "Vi the' kinh td' - xd hdi" cua cac KCN d Bidn Hda, Ddng Nai, ngffdi lao ddng danh gid cao ve nhidu mat (vdi cdc gid hj hung binh dat tff 3,60 trd ldn trong thang diem 5). Tuy nhien, ngffdi lao ddng chffa ddnh gid cao ve an ninh trat tff va an to^n xa hdi, day la va'n de dang dffdc ddnh gid thap nha't (Gid tri trung binh = 3,11) (Bdng 3). Chinh vi vdy, chinh quyen dja phffdng vd ban quan ly cdc KCN can phai cdi thidn cdng tdc ddm bdo trat tff, an ninh vd an todn trong todn xd hdi vd cdc khu
BANG 1: THOWG KE MO TA VE MAO NGHIEN CtfU Tigutbifc
Giai tinli
Do tuoi
Vitri
Tlitfi gian liini viec tai Bien Hoa
Nam NO-
<25 25-30 30-40
>40
Tnf6ng/pii6 pliong, ban To tri/dng/To plio Lao dpng plio tiiong Kliac
< 3 n a m 3-6 niim 6-9 nam
> 9 n a m
stSMmg 93 134 67 82 51 27 6 35 174 12 76 59 64 28
T y l « ( % ) 40,97 59,03 29,52 36,12 22,47 11,89 2,64 15,42 76,65 5,29 33,48 25,99 28,19 12,34 i: Ket qua k h a o s a l cua n h o m tac g
BAMG 2: KET Q G A P H A M TiCH DQ T I N C A Y T H A N G BO "V[ T H E KINH T E - X A HOI"
quan sat VTKXl VTKX2 VTKX3 VTKX4 VTKX5 VTKX6 VTKX7 VTKX8
H$ stf tiftftig quan bi€h ttfng
0,770 0,831 0,847 0.744 0,778 0,752 0,677 0,778
H ^ s t f a ntfu loai bitfn
0,827 0,822 0,821 0,828 0.826 0,828 0,833 0,826
Cronbach's Alpba
0,839
BANG 3;
Bi^n quan s^t VTICXI VTKX2 VTKX3 VTKX4 VTKX5 VTKX6 VTKX7 VTKX8
TH^fC TRANG t E . K ' ' ; •
1 0,00 3,52 4,85 2,20 0,00 0,00 0,00 6,17
V[ THE KINH TE - XA HOI' CUA CAC KCN Ci BJEN HOA, D 6 N G NAI TS H o&^ d^nh gii cac mdc (%)
2 6,61 20,70 12,78 7,93 5.73 9,25 12,78 25,55
3 15,1^6 30,40 22,47 27,75 29,96 25,99 29,52 33,48
4 36,56 33,92 37,44 40,53 44,49 42,29 39,21 21,15
5 40,97 11,46 22,46 21,59 19,82 22,47 18,49 13,65
Gid tri trung binh 4.12 3,29 3,60 3,71 3,78 3,78 3,63 3,11 I Ket qua n g h i e n ctfu c u a n h o m tac gia
Economy and Forecasi Ri;\
95
vffc ddn eff, cung nhff cdc KCN de ngffdi lao ddng an lffc, thi Vi the' kinh te' - xd hdi cua KCN tam lam vide. Nhff vay, CO thd'tha'y gid hi thffc tidn vd chinh Id "vi the'canh tranh" cua KCN dd kha ndng ffng dung cua thang do ndy. so vdi edc KCN khdc trong vide thu hiit NNL cd chd't Iffdng cao. Do cung ehinh KET LU^N la mgt trong nhffng nhan td' tdc dpng dd' NNL KCN phai ndng cao trinh dg, tif dd Vi th^ kinh te - xd hoi eua mdt KCN trong quan he c6 cd hpi nghe nghiep td't hdn, eiing nhff vdi NNL dffdc hieu Id nhan thffc cua ngffdi lao dpng ve canh tranh dffdc vdi NNL du nh$p vdo vi tri, vai tro vd tiem ndng ciia KCN do so vdi eae KCN KCN va dia phffdng.
khac xet tren edc khia canh tdng hdp ve tinh hinh kinh Gia tri cua thang do nay can dffdc te', mdi trffdng, cd hgi, kha nang ddp ffng nhu cau cua kiem chu^g them trong cdc nghien effu cd nhdn... Nhdn thffc nay dffpc hinh thanh tff cdc thdng tie'p theo; ddc bidt la edc nghidn cihi tin, md ed nhan do tie'p nhan. Xet d gdc dd thu hut nhan trong ITnh vffc CLNNL.Q
_ TAT T.IF.TT THAM KHAO
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9 6 •i'nhiL-vaDi/bio
