• . • w ; i i = i . ' i n U l T
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TRIET LV PHAT TRIEN SU NGHIEP THU UIEN 6 UIET NADfl - MOT TIEP CAN TU QUVEN TIEP CAN THONG TIN
ThS Le Tung Sdn Vu TtiU vien. Bo Van hda, ThS thao v^ Du lich
• Tom tat: NghiSn CLfu tri^t 1^ phat trien thu vien, la nghi&n cijfu cai g6c de xay dung mpt sU nghiep thu vi?n ben vOng, tigp c$n ti/ quyen tiep cSn thflng tin, c6 t h i nhgn di^n thu vi^n duoc t6n tai v6i ba nh6m trilt 1^ ccf blin d6 \k trilt ly muc ti§u, triet ly phUdng ti0n, va trilt ly v l mot quan h$ giOa phat triln thu vien vdi nhu cSu v& phUdng thUc tiep ckn thflng tin cCia c5ng dong. Luan ban ve ba trilt ly n^y, CO the nhgn diSn ng&nh Thu vi$n Vi&t Nam dang n i m d kjch b^n phat triln nao, tC/ do dua ra khuyin nghj d l ng^nh Thu vi$n phdt triln dung hudng,
• Tii kh6a: Trtlt l^; sii nghi#p thU vten; chinh sach phat triln thU vi^n; Viet Nam.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIBRARV CAREER DEUELOPMEHT IN UIETHAM - AN APPROACH FROM THE RIOHT TO ACCESS mFDRmATIOn
• Abstract: The author researches the foundation to build a sustainable library career. From perspectives of the right to access Information, it is identical that library belongs to three basic philosophical groups, including target philosophy, media philosophy, and the one that takes into account the relationship between library development and the information access rights of users.
It Is possible to Identify current development scenario of Vietnam's libraries, thereby making recommendations for future development.
• Keywords: Philosophy; library career, library development policy; Vietnam.
MdDAU
Trong thdi gian qua, tren cac phLTdng tien thong tin dai chung, ngi/di ta tht/dng de cap cac van de lien quan den triet ly hoat dpng cua mot nganh, ITnh vLfc de lam ro ban chat va di tim hadng di dijng dan cho SLf phat trien, phu hctp xu th^ phat trien cua xa hgi hi0n tai va hpi nhap quoc t^.
Nghien cifu ve tri^t ly phat trien Xh\J vien CO le la mpt van de l<ha mdi trong nganh tha vien, se co nhieu ngudi cho rang day la mpt ITnh viic "nho" nam trong mpt ITnh viJc Idn do la van hoa, triet ly thu vien phai gan lien vdi triet ly phat then van hoa, phai la bO phan cua triet ly phat trien van hoa. Tuy nhign, theo quan diem cua tac gia, thu vien cung cd nhijng tri^t ly phat trien rieng cua minh bdi le nd khong chl mang yeu to ve vSn hda, nd cdn la su giao thoa trong triet 1)/ phat triln thdng tin va triet ly giao due.
Dat trong boi canh nhu vay, can cd nhUng nghien cUu, luan ban, de nam ro ban chat khoa hoc cua thu vien, tU dd nhi3ng dinh hudng phat trien phij hop, khdng di ngUdc vdi ban chat khoa hoc thUc sU cua thu vien.
Tiep can tren gdc dp quyen tiep can thdng tin de nghien cUu ve triet ly phat then thu vien giijp ta nhan dien dUdc vai trd, sU menh cua thu vien doi vdi viec bao dam quyen tiep can thdng tin cua cdng dan - mdt trong nhUng quyen khdng chi mang mau sac chinh tri, ma quyen nay cdn cd y nghTa thiet thuc doi vdi cudc song cua mdi ngudi dac biet la khi chung ta dang song trong ky nguyen thdng tin va nen kinh te th thUc.
Nghien cUu nay se lam rd hai van de: triet ly phat trien thu vien nam 6 yeu to nao? Thu vien Viet Nam dang 6 dau trong thet ly nay, tu dd dua ra mot so dinh hudng cd b^n trong phat then su nghiep thu vien 6 Viet Nam.
THONG TIN V A T U LIEU-4/20201 3
H [ e i ; i i : i ; « H i i i m : f j t i . i . i i I.MOTVAI KHAI NIEM 1.1, Triet ly la gi
TC; dien Oxford diia ra dinh nghTa Ml Triet iy (Philosophy) nha sau:
Triet ly la tU tudng cot loi, la dao ly can ban, la mot he tin niem til do chi phoi hanh vi va hoat dong cua con ngudl[8, 9].
Trong cuon sach Ly thuyet he thong, tac gia Vu Cao Dam da dUa ra l<hai ni§m ve triet ly vdii tiep can til ly thuyet he thdng vdi viec xac djnh triet ly la tang cao nhat cija mot
"l<hung mSu" la mot tu tudng cot loi cCia miic dich, mgt tin ni$m hoae mot he tin niem bao trum, dieu khien chi phoi moi hanh vi cua he thong [9].
Tir day co the thay, nghi§n cilu ve triet ly la nghien cdu cai goc ciJa moi sU vat, ban ve triet ly phat trien thu vien la ban ve cai goc trong phat triln thu vien.
1.2. Quyen tiep cSn ttiong tin tr§n phUOng dien ptiap ly
Nghien citu va tiep can tren phudng dien phap ly CO the nhan dien quyen tiep can thong tin nhu sau:
- Xet tren binh dien qudc te, theo tuyen ngdn The gidi ve Quyen con ngUdi duoc Dai hdi ddng Lien hiep qudc thdng qua tai Nghi quyet sd 217 A (III) ngay 10/12/1948, ndi dung quyen tiep can thdng tin dado xac dinh bao gom: quyen tim kiem, tiep nhan va phd bien thdng tin [5],
- Xet tren quy djnh ciia phap luat Viet Nam, Dieu 69 Hien phap nam 1992 gpi dd la "quyen dt/dc thdng tin", Hien phap 2013 gpi la "quyen tiep can thdng tin" trong dd, tai Dieu 25 ciia Hien phap 2013 quy djnh:
"cong dan co quyen tu do ngon luan, tu do bao chi. tiep can thong tin, hoi hop, lap hoi, bieu tinh. Viec thac hien cac quyen nay do phap luat quy dinh"lS]; Be cu the hda quyen tiep can thdng tin cCia cdng dSn duoc neu tai Hien phap, tai ky hop tha 11 ngay 06 thang 4 nam 2016, Qudc hdi khda XIII da thdng qua Luat tiep can thdng tin trong dd kho4n J THONG TIN V A T U LIEU-4/2020
3 Dieu 2 Luat tiep can thdng tin xac Jmh;
tiep can thong lin la viec doc, xem. nghe, ghi chep, sao chup thong tin, ddng thdi quy djnh vide cung cap thdng tin bao gom vi$c ca quan nha nudc cong khai thong tin va cung cap thong tin theo yeu cau cua cdng dan [2]. TiJ day cd the thay, Luat ti^p can thdng tin nam 2016 mdi chi dieu chinh quan he phap luat ve tiep can thdng tin va cung cSp thdng tin do cd quan nha nUdc tao ra.
Tuy vay trdn thuc te trong bdi canh biing nd thdng tin nhd hien nay, vdi nhieu ngudn tin khac nhau, til dd dat ra yeu cau cua Nha nudc khdng chi la vide cung cap thdng tin do cd quan cdng quyen tao ra, ma rdng hdn, dd la viec tao ra hanh lang phap ly cho viec tim kiem, tiep nhan va phd bien thdng tin va sif dung thdng tin ciia cdng dan mdt each thuan ldi.
Theo tiep can cua bai viet, quyen ti^p can thdng tin dUdc hieu la quyen cong dan duac tu do tim kiem, tiep nhan, pho bien, trao doi va svi dung thong tin; quyen duac tao ra thdng tin va quyen duac sdng trong mdt moi trudng vdi nhOng thdng tin chinh thdng, chuan xac de phuc vu cho cac nhu cau khac nhau cija minh.
Theo each tiep can nay, quyen tidp can thdng tin duoc hieu theo nghTa rdng, chu the tham gia trong quan he ve tiep can thdng tin khdng ehi bao gdm giOa eong dan vdi nha nudc, ma cdn giOa edng dan vdi eac thiet che cung cap thdng tin, giOa eac cdng ddn vdi nhau. Trong dd Nha nude giO vai trd dieu tiet, tao hanh lang phap ly de biio dam quyen tiep can thdng tin eiia cdng dan thdng qua cac che djnh cua phap luat ve tiep can thdng tin.
1,3, Triet ly phat trien ttiU vien g i n vdi quyen tiep can ttiong tin
a) Khai niem thif vien
Be tim ra triet ly phat trien thd vien, dau tien, can nam rd ban chat khai niem thd vien. Hien nay tren the gidi cd nhieu quan diem, khai niem khac nhau ve thd vidn.
NGHIEN CtJu-TRAO DOI Theo tiep can eiia bai viet, Thd vien dddc
djnh nghTa ia: La mdt thiet chd van hda- thdng tin, cd bd sUu tap tai liSu duac thu thap, xCl iy, td chUc, luu giO, bao quan bdi cac chuyen gia thdng tin thu vien theo tieu chuan ve chuyen mdn, nghidp vu thu vien, de t^o lap cung cap thdng tin, sin phdm va dich vu ihdng tin - thu vien dap ting quyen tidp can thong tin va hudng thu cac gia tri vSn hda phuc vu hoc tap, nghien ciiu, giai triva cac nhu cau vi thdng tin khac ciHa mdi ca nhan, to chUc.
Phan tieh djnh nghTa nay ed t h i nhan dien thd vien vdi nhOng dae didm:
1. La mdt thiet che van hda - thdng tin, ndi Idu trO, tang trd tai lieu (bao gdm ca tai lieu in vatai lieu so).
2. La ndi td ehde eac ho?t ddng chuyen mdn, nghidp vu theo quy trinh khoa hoc ve thd vidn bao gdm: thu thap, Idu gid, xd ly, td chdc, bSo qu4n, phue vu ngddi sd dung.
3. Vj trf, vai trd xa hdi eCia thd vien: trong viec thuc day hoc tap, nghidn edu, thdng tin va giSi trf, phue vu edng ddng (cdng ddng 6 day cd the dddc hieu la cdng ddng mdt dja ban nhat djnh, hoae mdt qudc gia tuy theo quy md ciia thd vien).
Trong ba yeu td neu tren yeu td sd 2 la quan trpng nhSt. Nd ndi len ban chat cdt 161 CLia thd vidn va la tidu ehf d l phan djnh giOa thd vidn va phdng dpe, tu sach, cafe saeh hay cac thiet che cd phuc vu sach, bao khac, bdi le cac loai hinh phuc vu sach bao tren khdng co yeu td sd 2, hoae neu ed cung chi thde hien mdt vai hoat ddng (Vi du nhd, cung cip tai lieu hoae Idu gid tai lieu).
Vide nam rd bSn ehSt khoa hpe eiia thd vidn cd y nghTa quan trpng trong viec xac djnh tridt ly phat trien oiia thd vidn td nha nddc cd nhiing chfnh sach phu hdp thuc d^y thd vidn phat trien.
b) Thit vien vdi quyin tiep cin thdng tin cda cdng dSn
Thd vidn 14 mdt trong nhOng thiet che
quan trong trong vide bao dam quyen tiep can thdng tin ciia cdng ddn tren nguyen tac binh dang; thd vidn tao ed hdi eho ngddi dan cd the thde hien mdt each day dii nhSt cac quyen tiep can thdng tin ciia minh bao gdm:
- Quyen tim kiem, tiep nhan, phd bien, trao ddi va sd dung thdng tin thdng qua cac hoat ddng cda thd vidn;
- Quyen tao ra thdng tin thdng qua cae hoat ddng sang tao ciia ngddi sif dung thdng qua viec tham gia cdc hoat ddng do thd vidn td chdc;
- Quyen duoc sdng trong mdt mdi trddng vdi nhdng thdng tin chfnh thdng, chuan xae de phMC vu eho eae nhu cau khac nhau eua minh, bdi le cac ngudn thdng tin do thd vi$n cung cap deu dddc chpn Ida, thu thap b&o dam chinh thdng chuan xac d l phuc vy eho ngddi sddung.
2. TRIET LY PHAT TRIEN THU VIEN
2.1, Quan diem trong triet ly phat trien thu vien
Trong cac dien dan khoa hoc vd thd vidn 6 Vidt Nam, chung ta thddng thay cae ehuydn gia dd cap den cac van de cd ti'nh triet ly trong phat triln thd vien nhd: "chuan hda - hdi nhap - phat t r i l n ; binh dang, than thidn va ehia se; phat trien thd vien theo hddng hien dai; dau td cho thd vien la dau td cho van hda, gido due, phuc vu phat trien kinh td xa hdi cua d f t nddc; lay ngddi sd dung lam trung tam". Day cung la mdt trong nhdng nguyen tae cua hoat ddng thd vidn dddc ndu tai Luat Thd vidn nam 2019, dddc Qudc hdi thdng qua ngay 21 thang 11 nam 2019, cd hieu ldc k l td ngay 01 thang 7 nam 2020.
Tren binh dien qude te, tuyen ngdn ciJa UNESCO ve thu vien cdng cong cOng xac dinh thu vien cdng cdng md ra sU tiep can tdi tri thUc d dia phuang, bio dam kha nang cho viec hoc tap lien tuc, tac dong tich ciJc den pho cap giao due, van hda va thdng tin cung nhu cung cd hoa binh va cudc sdng THONG TIN VA T J LIEU • 4/2020 | 5
NGHIEN CtJU-TRAO DOI
tinh than trong tam tri ciia dan dng va dan ba. Ca quan chinh quydn dia phuang va trung uang cdng cd tac ddng tich cue den suphat triSn cda thu vien cdng cdng [6],
Tuydn ngdn cua IFLA ve thd vien trddng hpe, vai tro cua thd vidn trddng hoc trong gi&ng day va hoc tap cung xac djnh tat ca thanh vidn eiia trddng hoc deu phai sd dung djeh vu cua thd vien trddng hoc mdt each cdng bang, khdng phan bidt Ida tudi, ehung tde, tdn gido,...[4].
Giao sd Michael Brie' trong mdt budi thuyet trinh cila minh ve chii nghTa xd hdi trong thd gidi hien dai dd khang djnh rang, thd vidn la mdt trong nhOng yeu td dam b^o edng bang va nhdng ldi fch cua toan the cdng dan trong xa hpi trong viec tiep edn thdng tin, hoc tap va gi^i tri. Day cung la mdt trong nhdng mue tidu eiia Chd nghTa xa hdi trong the gidi hien dgi.
Nhdng quan diem nay lam ndn nhdng ndi dung cd b&n va quan trpng cua triet ly phat trien thd vien, Tidp edn nghidn edu trdn quydn tidp edn thdng tin cda cdng ddn, tac gia xin dda ra tdng hdp ve triet ly phat triln thd vidn dda tren cac quan diem khac nhau dddc de cap, td dd phan thanh cae 03 nhdm tridt ly nhd sau:
Triet ly 1: Triet ly ve mue tidu phat t r i l n : tra Idi cho cau hdi sd phat triln thd vidn trd thanh hinh mSu nhd the nao de phu hdp vdi dieu kidn kinh te - xa hdi vd xu the phat trien eiia the gidi dddng dai va bao d4m quyen tiep can thdng tin cho cdng dan.
Triet ly 2: Triet ly ve phddng tidn phdt trien: trd Idi cho eau hdi se phat triln thd vidn bang each ndo de phu hop vdi dieu kien kinh td xa hdi vd xu the phat trien eda the gidi dddng dai dddng dai vd bdo dam quyen tidp edn thdng tin cho cdng dan.
Triet ly 3: Tridt ly vd mdi quan hd gida phat trien thd vien vdi nhu cau va phddng thde tiep can thdng tin cua cdng ddng, tra Idi cho ' Cbuven gia Vi^n plian tich tham dinh cdc vdn 4ixd hpt thuoc Viin Rosa Liaeinbur^. Cong Hda Lien bang Dire.
6 I TH6NG TIN VA Td LIEU - 4/2020
eau hdi v| tri cua thd vien d dau trong phddng thdc tidp can thdng tin cua cpng dong?
Mdi tridt ly nay dddc phdn thanh cac kich ban khac nhau, tddng dng vdi sd phdt trien td thap den cao trong sd nghidp thd vidn eiia mdt qudc gia. Dddi day, tac gid xin dda ra cac kjeh bdn tddng dng vdi tdng tridt ly, td dd ludn bdn Thd vidn Viet Nam dang d kjch bdn ndo, va lam gl de thiie d i y sd phat triln ciia sd nghidp thd vidn.
2,2. Kjch ban cCia tdng triet ly
a) Trigt ly 1: Triet ly ve muc tieu phat trien thif vidn
Cho ddn nay, cd nhieu quan d i l m khac nhau ve muc tidu phat trien thd vidn. ed the diem qua mdt sd kich bdn nhd sau:
- Kich bin 1: Thd vien la noi Idd gidtdi Hdu va phyc vu cae ddi tddng ngddi sd dung.
Day la giai doan "sd khai" trong phat trien thd vidn vdi hai dieu kidn ed bdn dd la ed tai lidu vd ed to ehde phue vu eac ddi tddng ngddi sd dyng thdng qua cac hinh thdc chd yeu la mddn va tra tai lieu. Hoat ddng ehuydn mdn nghiep vy thd vidn quan trpng nhat trong giai doan ndy Id b l sung tai lidu mdi, bdi Id ddy la ly do thu hut ngddi sif dung den thd vien.
Vdi kjch ban nay, ranh gidi gida thd vidn va cac thidt chd cd phyc vu sach, bao khac nhd: phdng dpe saeh, tu sach la h i t sde mong manh, khi khdng cd tidu chl nao ed the phdn djnh rd rang.
- Kich bin 2: Thd vidn la ndi Idu gid tdi lidu; tai lieu dddc xd ly theo trinh td, tidu c h u i n ehuydn mdn, nghidp vy thd vidn vd phue vy cac ddi tddng ngddi sd dung,
Thd vidn cd mdt bddc phdt t r i l n so vdi kjch bdn 1 trong vide td chdc tai lieu phuc vu ngddi sd dyng, bddc day hinh thdnh mdt day chuyen edng nghe chuyen mdn nghidp vu thd vidn vdi cac chuan nghidp vy trong xd ly, t l chdc tai lidu, dam bdo khoa hpe phyc vy ngddi sd dung. Luc nay, thd vidn dddc xem nhd mpt Idu dai tri thdc dd sO,
NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO DOI
ed vdn tai lidu dddc to ehde khoa hoc theo c h u i n nghidp vy de lidn k i t , ehia se.
Thd vien va eae thiet che ed phue vy sdch, bao khae da ed sd phdn djnh rd rdng thdng qua cac hoat ddng chuyen mdn, nghidp vu ciia thd vien.
- Kich bin 3: Thd vien la ndi cdng cap sdn p h i m , djch vy thd vidn nham ho trd hpe tap, nang eao trinh dd; phye vu nhu cau gidi tri eiia ngddi sd dung.
Thd vien vddt len khdng chi la ndi Idd gid, to chdc tai lieu va phyc vy ngddi sd dyng, md cdn Id ndi eung edp eae sdn p h i m va djch vy thdng tin - thd vidn, he trp vide hpe tap sudt ddi, dap dng nhu edu gidi trf ciia ngddi dan thdng qua eae sdn pham va djch vu ciia thd vidn,
Thd vien van la mdt lau ddi tri thdc, tuy nhidn kich bdn 3 hdn kjch ban 2 d ehd thd vidn da bat ddu ed nhdng sdn pham va djch vu thd vien phyc vy ngddi sd dyng (thay vl chl cd tdi lidu),
Kich ban 4: Thd vidn Id ndi sinh hoat edng ddng; tiep c?in thdng tin, hddng thu cdc gia trj van hda; hd trd vide hpe tap sudt ddi eiia ngddi sd dyng.
Thd vidn khdng cdn la "lay dai tri thdc" md trd thanh mpt "ddng c5 xanh" rdng md vdi tat ed cac ddi tddng, ddm bdo quydn hddng thy thdng tin vd tri thdc binh dang gida cac tdng Idp ngddi dan trpng xa hdi. Thd vien khdng chi Id ndi doc saeh ma edn la ndi to chdc cac hoat ddng xoay quanh vi$e dpe sdch, eac hoat ddng sang tao cua con ngddi thde d i y gido dye, khoa hoc vd cdng nghd phat triln vd Id trung tdm sinh hoat vdn hda, gan kdt edng ddng thdng qua vide doc sach, va ede hogt dpng ed lidn quan d i n dpe saeh.
Ngodi ra thd vidn cdn Id ndi eung cdp thdng tin ve vide lam, cac chinh sach cua nha nddc, cung nhd rdn luydn cdc ky nang s i n g , ky nang Idm vide... cho cae ddi tddng, hogt ddng nay nhdm gan ket edng dong.
Thu vidn Id trung tdm tri thde cda mdt dja phddng, mdt vung hay cua mpt quoc gia.
Ddy la xu the phat trien ciia hau het eae thd vidn trdn the gidi.
b) Triet ly 2: Triet ly vS phuang tl$n phit trien thu vien
Tdng muc tieu trong phdt triln thd vidn se tddng dng vdi phddng tidn de dat dddc myc tidu dd, tac gia xin dda ra nhdng kjch bdn trong triet ly phddng tidn phat trien thd vidn nhd sau:
- Kich ban 1: Tang eddng b l sung, xdy ddng vdn tai lidu la mpt trong nhdng hoat ddng chii chdt d l phat triln thu vidn. Vdn tai lieu phong phu trd thdnh mdt trong nhdng thddc do cd sdc nang trong hipu qua hogt ddng thd vidn. Cung chinh vl thd, trong mdt thdi gian ddi, d Viet Nam, Chddng trinh myc tidu qudc gia vd van hda trong ITnh vdc thd vidn chii yeu tgp trung cho vide xdy ddng vdn tai lieu thd vien cung nhd mdt each thdc d l tgo rg sde hut cho hogt dpng thd vidn.
Thd vidn thdc hien vide thu hut ngddi sd dyng bgng sd hdp dan eiia vdn tai lieu.
- Kjch bin 2: Chuan hda nghidp vu thd vien d l hpi nhgp va phat triln la mdt trong nhdng tdn chi cao nhat trong kjch ban nay.
Thd vidn chuan hda, hoan thidn quy trinh cdng nghd cua minh bang vipc chuan hda cdc hogt dpng xd ly vd to chdc tai lieu, ehu trpng cac khau ve: bidn myc tdi lidu, phan logi, djnh chii de, djnh td khda,... vide dao tao nhan ldc ngdnh thd vidn cung chidm mdt thdi gian Idn chddng trinh hpe de dap tap ngudn nhan ldc thdng tin - thd vidn thdc hidn ede cdng vide ndy. "Chfnh xac - nhanh chdng - thuan tidn cho vide tra edu" nham dap dng vide chuan hca trd thdnh mot trong nhdng tieu chi quan trpng trong danh gia hieu qua hoat ddng thd vidn.
Khdng xdc djnh dddc thd vidn diing phddng tidn gl de thu hut ngddi sd dung, ed chang van ddng Igi d vdn tgi lieu nhd kjeh bgn 1.
- Kich bin 3: Lgy ngddi sd dyng lam trung tam, tdn chi, mue dich trong kich ban nay.
Ngddi sd dung dddc dao tao kidn thde thdng tin, dddc phyc vy tdi lieu va cde sdn pham thdng tin - thd vipn. Hp trd thanh ehu t h i THONG TIN VA Tl/ LIEU - 4/2020 | 7
NGHIEN cau-TRAODOI
chinh trong hogt ddng thd vidn, mpi hogt ddng thd vidn deu hddng tdi ngddi sd dung.
Ddy la bddc chuyen quan trpng so vdi kich bdn 2, dd Id: thd vien chuyin td hogt ddng xd ly sang hoat ddng phuc vy. Tieu chi ve Idot ngddi sd dung thd vidn, Iddt saeh, bdo phue vy trd thanh tidu chl chinh d l ddnh gia hieu qua hogt ddng thd vidn.
Ngoai vdn tai lidu, thd vidn sd dung sdn pham va djch vy thdng tin thd vidn d l thu hut ngddi sd dung den thdng tin-thd vidn.
Ngddi sd dung trd thanh "khach hang"ciia thd vidn, sde hut cua thd vien ndm d chat Iddng san pham va djch vu cua thd vien.
- Kich bin 4: Thd vidn Id trung tdm thdng tin, van hda va hpe tap cpng dong cd sd lidn thdng, lien kdt vdi nhau vd gan kdt eac cdng ddng dan cd, tgo sd tiep cdn binh d i n g cho ngddi sd dung Ig tdn ehi eao nhat trong hogt dpng thd vidn.
Ngodi eung cap cac sdn p h i m va djch vu thd vien, thd vidn edn to chdc cdc sd kien van hda, cac hogt ddng thde d i y sd sdng tao eua ngddi sd dung. Thd vien l<hdng ddn thdan chl Id ndi cdng edp sdch, va cdc sdn pham va djch vu lien quan ddn sdch, thd vidn trd thdnh cau ndi, lien k i t gida cae nhdm ngddi, eac cpng ddng vdi nhau tgo ra tac dpng tich cdc d i n van hda, con ngddi.
Luc nay tidu chf de ddnh gia thd vien nam d vide tde ddng eiia thd vidn ddn ddi sdng van hda, vat ehat, tinh than cua ngddi dan trong cdng ddng ddn cd.
Sdc hut cua thd vidn nam d khd nang lien k i t cpng dong khdng chi la cau ndi gida tde gid, tde pham vdi edng chung ma cdn la cau noi cua cdc nhdm ngddi trong cpng ddng xd hdi, ddng thdi la noi cung cap thdng tin, hoc tap, sinh hoat vd sang tgo, phat triln eac ky nang cua con ngddi. Day la xu the ehung eua thd vien tren the gidi.
c) Triet ly 3: Triet ly ve moi quan hd giQa thu vi$n vdi nhu cau va phUdng thUc tiep cin thdng tin cda cdng 66ng (hay noi each khac ia vi tri cua thu vidn trong vide thue hidn quyen tiep cdn thdng tin cua cdng dan)
Nhu cdu va phddng thdc tiep can thdng 8 I TH6NG TIN VA Td LIEU - 4/2020
tin eiia edng ddng la mpt trong nhdng ydu td quan trpng ddn sd tdn tai cua thd vidn, •>*' le thd vidn sinh ra ed sd mdnh de phyc vy nhu eau thdng tin, hpe tdp, gidi trf cda ngdM sd dyng. Ban ve mdi quan hp nay cd t h i dda ra cae kjch bdn nhd sau:
- Kich bin 1: la giai dogn thd vien di sau nhu cdu va phddng thde tidp cdn thdng tin cda cdng ddng; giai doan nay gdn vdi sy bung no thdng tin vdi khoi Iddng thdng tin khong Id can phdi xd ly cung nhd sd phdt t r i l n cua khoa hpe va cdng nghd khien ngddi sd dyng cd nhidu cdch thdc t i l p edn thdng tin hon la ddn thd vidn. Thd vidn phdi egnh tranh vdi nhidu loai hinh cd phyc vy nhu edu thdng tin khae nhau de cd chd ddng ddi vdi cdng dong.
- Kjch bin 2: Id giai doan thd vipn di song hanh vdi nhu cau va phddng thde tidp edn thdng tin cua cpng ddng; giai dogn nay gdn vdi viec thd vidn ehuyen doi md hinh hogt ddng. dung sdc mgnh cug khog hpe vg cdng nghd de tao ra cac sdn pham, djeh vu canh tranh vdi cac logi hinh ed phuc vy nhu cdu thdng tin khdc de cd cho ddng ddi vdi cdng ddng. Ddy la giai dogn md thd vidn tgo rg thdi quen, cung nhd ode ky ndng thdng tin cho ngddi sd dung nham ki'ch thich nhu cdu vd nang ldc, phddng thde t i l p egn thdng tin tgi thd vien.
- Kich bin 3: Id gigi doan thd vidn vdpt len nhu cau va phddng thdc tiep cdn thdng tin cua cpng ddng, cung cap thdng tin dddi mpi dgng thde ddng thdi gid vai trd la trung tam djnh hddng thdng tin cho cpng ddng, trd thdnh nhu cau thidt ydu trong mpi hogt ddng vdn hda, giao dye eua edng ddng. thdc d i y cac hoat ddng sang tgo, dac bidt thd vidn gid vai trd djnh hddng nhu eay, hddng ddn each thdc tiep egn, ky nang thdng tin ciia cdng ddng, thde d i y sy sdng tao. Thd vidn trd thdnh cau ndi gida tdc gia, tdc pham ddi vdi edng chung,
Tong hpp cac kjch bdn cua 3 triet ly phdt triln thd vidn do tac gid dd cdp, dddc t h i hien qua bdng sau:
jMsi^mi
• ' = " • " "m
BSng Triet ly 1
Mi^c tieu phat trien
Kich bSn 1
Thu vi?n la ndi luu giO tai Ii6u va phuc vu cac d6i tuong ngUdi sCf dung.
Kjcli bin 2
ThU vi$n la ndi lUu giO tai Ii0u; tai li^u dUdc xCf ly theo trinh tu, tieu chuan chuyen mdn, nghiep vu thu vien va phuc vu cac doi tuong ngudi SLf dung.
Kjch bin 3
Thu vi^n khdng nhUng la noi lUu giO va phuc vu tai li§u ma cdn la ndi cung cap cac s&n pham va dich vu thdng tin thu vi§n phuc vu ngudi sCrdung.
Kich bin 4
Thu vi$n cd sU li§n thdng, li§n k^t; la ndi sinh hoat cdng d6ng; ti^p can thong tin, hudng thy cac gia trj van hda; hd tro viec hgc tap sudt ddi cCia ngudi silr dung.
1. Tdng hap triSt ly phat triSn thif vien Triet ly 2
Phifcfng ti#n phat triln
Kjch bin 1
Quy md von tai lieu la tieu chi chu yeu de danh gia thu vi§n.
Thu vien thu hut ngudi doc bang vdn tai lidu.
Kjch bin 2
chuan hda nghiep vu thU vidn de hdi nhap va phat trien.
Chua xac dinh thu vidn thu hut ngudi sif dung bang gi.
Kich bin 3
Thu vien lay ngudi sif dung la trung tam
Thu vidn thu hut ngudi sCf dung b^ng s§n phim va djch vu thdng tin thU vidn.
Kjch bin 4
Thu vidn la trung tam thdng tin, van hda va hgc tap cdng dong.
Thu vien thu hut ngUdi sU dung bang sU lien ket, chia se giUa cac nhdm cgng ddng xa hdi.
Tri^t ly 3
Mdi quan h& giQa thU vi§n vdi nhu cau va phUcfng thuTc ti^p c$n thong tin cua cdng dong
Kjch bin 1
Thu vien di sau nhu c^u va phUOng thUc tiep can thdng tin cua cdng ddng.
Kjch bin 2
Thu vidn di song hanh vdi nhu cAu va phUOng thUc tiep ckn thdng tin cua cdng ddng.
Kjch bin 3
Thu vien vuot len nhu cau va phuong thUc tiep can thdng tin cOa cgng dong dmh hudng thdng tin va la yeu td gan ket cdng dong.
3. THU VIEN VIET NAM DANG DONG A DAU TRONG TRIET LY PHAT TRIEN?
3,1, Triet ly 1 - iUuc tieu pliat trien tliU vien Da phdn eac thd vien d Viet Nam bao gdm: cdc thd vien cap huydn, thd vidn cap xa, thd vidn trddng hpe, thd vidn edng ddng vdn dang ddng d kjch bdn 1.
Cae thd vidn edng cdng cap tinh, thd vidn trddng dai hoe, thd vien vidn nghien edu dang trong giai doan djeh ehuyen td kjch bdn 2 sang kjch bdn 3, tuy nhien qua trinh nay dien ra cdn rdt chgm bdi nhieu nguyen nhdn trong dd phai k l den nhd trinh dp ndng Idc cua ngddi lam cdng tac thd vidn, sd ddu td cda nha nddc, vg dac bidt ia nhu ceu thdng tin cua ngddi ddn.
THONG TIN VA T d LIEU - 4/2020 9
NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO DOI
3.2, Triet ly 2 - PtiUdng tien phat trien tliU vien Da phdn ede thd vien Vidt Nam bao gdm cac thd vien cap huydn, thd vidn cap xa, thd vidn trddng hpe cd thd vidn cpng ddng van dang ddng d kjch ban 1: cac loai hinh thd vien nay vdn dang fim phddng tidn d l thdc hien myc tieu cua minh dd la xdy ddng vdn tai lieu,
Cac thd vien cdng cdng cap tinh, thd vidn trddng dai hpe, thd vien vidn nghien odd dang ddng d kjch ban 2: dd Id ehuan hda nghidp vy thd vidn. Cac thd vien van chda cd sd thdng nhdt trong vide Ida chpn cac chyan nghipp vy trong xd ly tai lidu d l phu hdp vdi xu the phdt t r i l n cda the gidi; thd vidn danh nhidu thdi gian, kinh phi dau td trcng vide ehuan hda nghidp vy xd ly tai lieu md chda ehu trpng ddn vide phat t r i l n eac dich vy thd vidn, b i l d hidn rd ndt nhdt dd Id trong phdn cdng vi trf vipc Idm eda thd vidn, nhdng ngddi cd trinh dp ehdyen men gidi thddng dddc sap x I p trong bp phgn xd ly tdi lieu, ngddi ee trinh dp ehdyen mdn binh thddng hodc khdng cd ehdyen mdn thi dde vdo bd phdn phuc vy (ddy Id mdt nghjch ly vdi thd vidn t h i gidi).
3.3, Triet ly 3 - Mdi quan hd gida t h d v i ^ n vdi nhu cau va phudng thijrc tiep can thong tin cua cpng d d n g
Thd vien Viet Nam van ddng d kjeh bdn 1 va di sau nhu cdu sd dyng va phdong thdc tidp cdn thdng tin cda cong ddng rdt ddi.
Dieu nay dddc bieu hien bdi 2 khia egnh:
Thd nhdt, thd vidn ehi eung cap nhdng gi ma thd vidn cd ehd chda cung edp nhdng thd ma xd hdi can td von tdi lipu ddn eae sdn pham djeh vy thdng tin - thd vidn.
Thd hai, phddng thdc tiep cdn thdng tin cua ngddi ddn thay ddi tdng ngay tdng gid, nhdng hdd hdt cdc thd vidn Vidt Nam vdn
"kidn dinh" trong cung each phuc vy truyen thdng dd id phyc vu tgi thd vidn hode phye vy idu ddng, ngddi dung cd nhu cdu dpe tgi lipu nao thi phyc vu tdi lidu dd. Thd vidn vdn chda phdi Id ndi djnh hddng thdng tin cho 10 I T H 6 N G TIN VA TU LIEU - 4/2020
ngddi ddn, md ehi Id ndi de ngddi ddn den
"mddn sdch" de dpe,
4. THir VIEN VIET NAM HU0NG DEN PHAT TRIEN THEO TRIET LY NAO?
Xuat phat td bdn chat khpa hpe eua thd vidn cung nhd xu thd phdt t r i l n cda thd vipn hidn dgi xin dda ra triet ly phat t r i l n thd vidn dddc tidp can td quyen tiep can thong tin cda cdng ddn dda trdn ba try cdt ehinh: trilt ly ve myc tidu phat t r i l n , tridt ly ve phddng tidn de phat t r i l n va triet ly trong mdi quan he gida phat t r i l n thd vien vdi nhd eau va phddng thdc tidp can thdng tin eda cdng ddng nhd sau:
- Triet ly muc tieu theo kjeh bdn 4: Thd vidn cd si; lien thdng, lidn ket Id ndi sinh hoat cdng ddng; tiep egn thdng tin, hddng thy cdc gia trj van hda; h i trd vide hpe tdp sudt ddi ciia ngddi sd dung
- T r i l t ly phddng tipn theo kjch bdn 4: Thd vien la trung tdm thdng tin, trung tdm vdn hda, trung tam hpe tdp cdng ddng. Thd vidn thu hut ngddi sd dyng bdng sy lidn k i t , chia sd gida cdc nhdm cpng ddng xa hdi,
- Tridt ly vd mdi quan hp gida phdt triln thd vidn vdi nhu cdu vd phddng thdc tidp cdn thdng tin cda cdng ddng theo kjch bdn 3: thd vidn thde sd ed vai trd doi vdi xa hdi, thd vidn phdi vddt Idn nhu edu tidp cdn thdng tin ciia cdng ddng, djnh hddng, hddng ddn, ddm bdo vide tidp can thdng tin cua cdng ddng, va trd thdnh mdt trong nhdng phddng thdc quan trpng d l ngddi dan cd t h i tilp cdn thdng tin vd hpe tdp.
Cd t h i tdm Iddc tridt ly phgt t r i l n cdg thd vidn Viet Nam edn hddng tdi nhd sau:
Thu vidn trd thinh trung tam thdng tin, trung tim vin hda, trung tam hpe tip cdng ddng mang lai sutu do, binh ding trong tidp can thdng tin, hpe tip sudt ddi vi hudng thv cic gii tri vin hda cda ngudi din, ia ciu ndi gin kdt cdng ddng, tao ra nhu du, djnh hudng sd dung thdng tin va hd tr0 vide sing t^o thdc day vin hda. giao due, khoa hpe vi cdng nghd, kinh te - xa hdi.
IB miia»wai:iMM
Dau la vSn de cot loi de thi/c hidn triSt ly phat trien thu vien?
Nha nddc cdn xdy ddng khung chfnh sdch dya tren t i l p pgn phat triln thd vidn d l ddm bdo quyen tiep cdn thdng tin, tri thdc, tao mdi trddng hpe tgp sudt ddi cua ngddi dan vd eoi dd la sdi ehi do xuydn sudt trong djnh hddng phat t r i l n . Thd vien Viet Nam edn ec mpt edng cudc tai cau trdc mot each toan didn, trong dd ed hai chinh saeh Idn can lam ngay dd la: kidn todn he thdng thd vidn vd doi mdi hogt dpng ciia thd vien.
Kidn tpan he thdng thd vidn vdi cac phddng tidn thde hien chu yeu la: thidt kd mgng iddi thd vidn, xdc djnh ndi dung can dau td trpng d i l m can dddc chu trpng: dp la xay ddng thd vidn sd qudc gia; ddng thdi xae djnh hddng phdt triln tdng logi thd vidn trdn dda trdn nhdng djnh hddng da de xuat.
D i i mdi hogt ddng thd vidn vdi ede phddng tidn chd yeu Ig: doi mdi npi dung hogt dpng ehuydn mdn, nghidp vu, thdc hidn ty ehd trong hogt ddng thd vidn va doi mdi ddnh gid, xep hgng thd vien.
Cde ehinh saeh nay can dat trong mdi trddng vdi ba yeu td tde ddng, dd la: sd phat triln eda khoa hpe va cdng nghd, thdi quen sd dung thdng tin vd cac chien Idpc kich thich nhu cau cua ngddi sddung va xdy ddng thj trddng sd dyng thdng tin d Viet Nam.
KETLUAN
De xdy ddng luan cd khoa hpe de xae djnh hddng tidp can trong xdy ddng ehinh sdch phat trien sd nghiep thd vien d Vidt Nam da thdi thue tae gid thdc hidn nghien edu nay. Day mdi ehi la nhdng nghien cdu bddc ddu vdi nhdng nhdn djnh theo phddng phap thye chdng (xuat phdt td vide ehdng kidn sd phdt t r i l n eua thd vien Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua, sd phdt trien ciia thd vipn t h i gidi) d l phan tfch, lugn bdn vd cdc triet ly phat t r i l n thd vien td dp tim ra xu hddng chung eho sd phat trien.
Cde kjeh bdn cdg mdi triet iy id moi nde thang trong phat t r i l n thd vidn td thap ddn cap, t h i hidn sd trddng thanh eua ITnh vdc thd vidn eua mdt qude gia va la xu thd phdt triln tat ydu cua thd vidn the gidi. Phan tfch npi ddng eua tdng kjeh ban, giup ta nhan dien thd vidn Vidt Nam dang d vi tri ndo vd can cd nhdng chinh sach gl d l thde diy, tgo ddng ldc chp sd phdt trien.
Moi con ngddi ddu cd mdt triet ly sdng, mdi t l ehdc deu theo duoi mdt tridt ly d l phat t r i l n , vd sd nghidp thd vien d Viet Nam can Ida chpn mpt triet Iy phu hpp d l khdng bap gid lac nhjp vdi xu the phat trien cua thd vien the gidi.
TAI LIEU THAIU KHAO 1. Hien phdp nu'de Cgng hda xd hdl chu
nghTa Viet Nam nam 2013.
2. Lugt Tilp can thdng tin nam 2016.
3. Ludt Thu vidn cong cpng cua nude Cdng hda dan chu nhdn ddn Tnjng Hoa nam 2016, diKyng ddn http://www.npc.govcn/zgrdw/npc/
xinwen/201811/05/content_2065662.htm, tmy edp ngay 29/3/2020, Le Tung Son dieh.
4. Tuyen ngdn cua UNESCO ve Thu vien cdng cpng nam 1994.
5. Tuyen ngdn T h i gidi vd Quyen con ngudi dupe Dai hpi ddng Lien hiep qude thdng qua tgi Nghj quyet sd 217 A (III) ngay 10/12/1948.
6. Tuydn ngdn cua IFLA vd Thu vien tardng hpe.
7. Tu dien Oxford, dudng ddn: https://vravw.
oxfordiearnersdietionaries.com/definition/
english/philosophy?q=philosophy, truy cdp ngay 29/3/2020.
8. Vii Cao Dam (2014). Nghjch ly va loi thoat, NXB Thd gidi, trang 27.
9. Vu Cao Dam (2015). Ly thuyet he thong, Vidn Chinh sach va Quan ly, tr. 36.
(Ngay Ida soan nhan duac bii: 10-4-2020;
Ngay phan bien danh gii: 12-5-2020: Ngay chip nhin ding: 15-7-2020).
THONG TIN VA TU LIEU - 4/2020 j 11
